U sitisoe Inthaneteng ea Mosebetsi oa Bokooa Khathatsong ea Mathata a Inthanete: Thuto ea ho Nahana ka ho Tsamaea ha Magnetic Resonance (2014)

Chong-Yaw Wee mofani ea lekanang, Zhimin Zhao mofani ea lekanang Pew-Thian Yap, Guorong Wu, Feng Shi, Theko ea 'nete, Yasong Du, Jianrong Xu, Lengolo-tsoibila la Yan Zhou, Lengolo la Dinggang Shen

E hatisoa: September 16, 2014

ETSA: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0107306

inahaneloang

Bothata ba bokhoba ba ts'ebeliso ea inthanete (IAD) bo ntse bo hlokomeleha le ho feta e le bothata ba bophelo bo botle ba kelello, haholoholo bacheng. Pathogeneis e amanang le IAD, leha ho le joalo, e ntse e sa hlaka. Thutong ena, re ikemiselitse ho hlahloba litšobotsi tsa ts'ebetso ea bongoana ea IAD nakong ea phomolo re sebelisa data ea imaging ea imagon e sebetsang. Re amohetse mokhoa oa ho shebella litšoantšo ho hlahisa litšitiso tse ka bang teng mabapi le khokahano ea ts'ebetso ho latela thepa ea marang-rang ho kenyelletsa lefatše le lenyenyane, ho sebetsa hantle, le boits'oaro bo botle ho bacha ba 17 ba nang le taolo ea bophelo bo botle ea IAD le 16. Ho ile ha etsoa liteko tsa leshano tsa tokafatso ea mashano a netefalitsoeng ho netefatsa bohlokoa ba lipalo ba liphapang tsa kholo ea sehlopha sa li-network. Ntle le moo, ho ile ha etsoa tlhahlobo ea khokahano ho lekola likamano lipakeng tsa khokahano e sebetsang le mehato ea bongaka sehlopheng sa IAD. Liphetho tsa rona li bonts'a hore ho na le pherekano e kholo khokahanong e sebetsang ea bakuli ba IAD, haholo-holo lipakeng tsa libaka tse haufi le lobes ea pele, ea occipital le ea parietal. Likhokahano tse amehang ke likhokahano tsa nako e telele le tse bohareng tsa hemispheric. Leha liphetoho tse kholo li bonoa bakeng sa metriki ea tikoloho e fapaneng, ha ho na phapang ho topology ea lefatše ka bophara pakeng tsa IAD le lihlopha tse phetseng hantle. Ntle le moo, tlhahlobo ea khokahano e bonts'a hore lits'oants'o tse hlokometsoeng tsa tikoloho li hokahane le liteko tse tebileng tsa tlhahlobo ea IAD. Seo re se fumaneng, se lumellanang hantle pakeng tsa li-atlase tse hlalosoang ka nepo le ka mokhoa o sebetsang, se fana ka maikutlo a hore IAD e baka pherekano ea khokahano e sebetsang 'me, ka bohlokoa ba hore likhathatso tse joalo li ka hokahanya ho senyeha hoa boitšoaro.

lipalo

Tlhaloso: Wee CY, Zhao Z, Yap PT, Wu G, Shi F, et al. (2014) Ts'ebetso e Khathatsong ea Brain ho Thibelo ea Tlatsetso ea Inthanete: Phuputso e Akaretsang ea Naha ea Ts'ebetso ea Magnetic Resonance Imaging. PloS ONE 9 (9): e107306. Doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0107306

mohlophisi: Satoru Hayasaka, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States of America

Re amohetse: Pherekhong 20, 2014; E amohetse: August 11, 2014; E phatlalalitsoe: September 16, 2014

Copyright: © 2014 Wee et al. Ena ke sengoloa se bulehileng se fihletsoeng ka tlase ho License ea Boikarabelo ba Creative Commons, e lumellang hore ho sebelisoe, ho abeloa, le ho beleha ho sa sebelisetsoe, ho fana ka moqapi le mohloli oa pele.

Lithuso: Mosebetsi ona o ne o tšehelitsoe karolo e 'ngoe ke lithuso tsa National Institutes of Health (NIH) EB006733, EB008374, EB009634, AG041721, le CA140413, hammoho le National Natural Science Foundation of China (81171325) le National Key Technology R&D Program 2007BAI17B03. Bafani ba lichelete ba ne ba sena karolo ho moralo oa boithuto, pokello ea lintlha le tlhahlobo, qeto ea ho e phatlalatsa kapa ho hlophisa sengoloa.

Lithahasello tse tsitsitseng: Bangoli ba boletse hore ho na le lithahasello tsa tlhōlisano tse teng.

Selelekela

Ho tlalehiloe hore tšebeliso e mpe ea marang-rang e ka lebisa ho litloaelo tsa boitšoaro tse tšoanang tsa bophelo bo tšoanang le bo fumanoang lits'oants'o tsa lithethefatsi le papali ea chelete ea methapo. [1], [2]. Ka palo e ntseng e phahama ea basebelisi ba marang-rang lilemong tse mashome tse fetileng, bothata bona bo se bo nkuoa e le bothata bo tebileng ba bophelo ba sechaba [3]. Likhoba tsa marang-rang, le bokhoba bo amanang le khomphutha ka kakaretso, li bonahala e le ntho e atileng haholo, e amang batho ba limilione United States le mose ho maoatle, ka litekanyetso tse phahameng haholo tsa liketsahalo tse etsahalang ho bacha le baithuti ba koleche libakeng tse tsoetseng pele tsa Asia [3]-[7]. Litlamorao tsa ho pepeseha hoa marang-rang nakong ea bongoana ke taba ea bohlokoa maikutlong le sechabeng, hobane bohlankana ke nako ea liphetoho tse kholo ho neurobiology tse amanang le ho etsa liqeto. [8] ka hona e bonts'a ho ba le monyetla o phahameng oa mathata a amanang le mathata le bokhoba ba tahi [9]-[11]. Ho tloha ka seminal mosebetsi ke Young [2], ho lemalla marang-rang ho hohetse tlhokomelo e kholo ho tsoa ho litsebi tsa kahisano, litsebi tsa kelello, lingaka tsa kelello le matichere.

Litšobotsi tsa kliniki tsa mathata a boitšoaro bo amanang le ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang li hlalositsoe tlasa mekhoa e fapaneng ea tlhahlobo, ho kenyeletsoa le ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang. [12], ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang ea pathological [13], le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea marang-rang [14]. IAD e thathamisitsoe e le bothata ba taolo ea tšusumetso, kaha e kenyelletsa ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete ntle le joala bofe kapa bofe, bo ts'oanang le papali ea chelete ea methapo. IAD e bonahatsa litšobotsi tse ts'oanang tsa bokhoba bo bong, ho kenyelletsa le nts'etsopele ea mathata a thuto, a lichelete le mosebetsi ka lebaka la boitšoaro bo bobe le mathata a ho holisa le ho boloka likamano tsa motho le tsa lelapa. Batho ba nang le bothata ba IAD ba tla qeta nako e ngata ba le bang, e leng se amang ts'ebetso ea bona e tloaelehileng ea boiketlo ba sechaba. Maemong a mabe haholo, bakuli ba ka ba le ho hlonama kapa mathata a bongaka a kang carpal tunnel syndrome, mahlo a omileng, hlooho e opang, hlooho e bohloko, ho ja ho sa tloaelehang le boroko bo tšoenyang [15], [16]. Ho feta moo, hangata bakuli ba hanyetsa phekolo ea IAD ebile ba na le boemo bo phahameng ba ho khutlela morao [17], 'me tse ngata tsa tsona li boetse li na le bokhoba ba lithethefatsi tse kang bokhoba ba lithethefatsi, joala, papali ea chelete kapa thobalano [18].

Le ha IAD e ntse e sa nkuoe e le tlhekefetso kapa bokhopo ba kelello ho DSM-5 [19], ho na le lithuto tse ngata, haholo-holo tse ipapisitseng le lipotso tsa kelello tse ipolelang, tse bontšang litlamorao tse mpe bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi mabapi le likarolo tsa boits'oaro, lintlha tsa kelello, taolo ea matšoao, kelello ea kelello, tlhahlobo ea bongaka, le sephetho sa kalafo [6], [20]-[23]. Ntle le lits'ebetso tsena tse mabapi le boits'oaro, mekhoa ea neuroimaging e sa tsoa sebelisoa ho lekola phello ea ts'ebeliso e matla ea marang-rang e matla ho likarolo tsa sebopeho le tšebetso tsa boko ba motho [7], [24]-[29]. Ho khutlisetsa monahano oa matla oa tšebetsong oa naha (R-fMRI) o sebetsang Ka vivo sesebelisoa sa ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa mesebetsi ea methapo ea boko, e ne e kile ea sebelisoa ho supa tšitiso e ka bang teng liphatseng tsa ts'ebetso ea encephalic ho IAD [24], [26], [27], [30], a [27], tekolo ea homogeneityity (ReHo) ea tikoloho, e lekanang ho feto-fetoha ha maemo a potoloho ea lebelo le tlase (LFF) ka har'a marang-rang a boko, e senotse khokahano e matlafatsang lipakeng tsa libaka tsa boko tse amanang le meputso ea bakuli ba IAD. Phuputso e ts'oanang ea batho ba lemaletseng papali ea papali ea inthanete (OGA) ba khothalelitsoe ho sebelisa amplitude LFF ka lehlakoreng le letšehali la medial orbitofrontal cortex, e nang le khokahano ea anatomical libakeng tse 'maloa tse amanang le ho etsa liqeto tse lebisitsoeng ho sepheo, joalo ka biomarker bakeng sa lefu lena. [30]. Hong et al a. o sebelisitse network-based statistic (NBS) ho sekaseka liphapang tsa lihlopha tsa khokahano ea tšebetsong pakeng tsa IAD le lihlopha tsa taolo, mme phokotso e pharalletseng ea khokahanyo e sebetsang e hlokometsoe sehlopheng sa IAD, haholo-holo, ho se nang tšitiso ea lefatše lohle ea topology e akaretsang [26]. Phuputsong e 'ngoe e sebetsang e amanang le khokahano, liphetoho tse mabapi le khokahano ea marang-rang li ile tsa hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) joalo ka sebaka sa peo [24]. Liphetho li bonts'itse khokahano e sebetsang lipakeng tsa biliveal cerebellum posterior lobe le tempry gyrus e khutsitseng, hammoho le phokotso e kopaneng lipakeng tsa "bilarial" e tlaase ea parietal lobule le tokelo e tlase ea "tempor gyrus".

Thutong ea hajoale, re sebelisa mokhoa oa graph-theoretic ho sekaseka IAD e thehiloeng ho R-fMRI ya data. Pele re sekaseka bohlokoa ba ts'ebetso ea ho hokahanya ho sebetsang ho sebelisa liteko tsa parametric ka khalemelo e ngata ea papiso. Sena se re nolofalletsa ho ithuta ka botlalo sebopeho se felletseng sa likhokahano tsa tšebetso tsa kelello le mekhoa ea khokahano lipakeng tsa marang-rang a maholo [31]. Taba ea bobeli, re etsa lipatlisiso likhaohano tsa khokahano tse amanang le IAD ho latela thepa ea lefatše lohle ea netweke, ho kenyelletsa thepa ea lefatše le lenyane (ke hore, ho lekana 'me bolelele ba tsela) le katleho ea marang-rang (ke hore, bokhoni ba lefatše le ba lehae) holim'a mmuso o monyane oa lefatše. Taba ea boraro, ka marang-rang a ts'oanang a marang-rang, re lekola bohlokoa ba ts'ebetso ea marang-rang ka ho tsotella kamano ea sebaka le khokahano eohle e sebetsang [32] ho ipapisitsoe le methati ea kholo ea ROI ka 'ngoe. Re khothalletsoa ho sebelisa boits'oaro ba netweke ho ntlafatsang Localize libaka tse nang le mathata sebakeng sa lehae. Qetellong, rea hlahloba likamano lipakeng tsa metrics ea marang-rang le lintlha tsa boitšoaro le tsa bongaka ea bankakarolo. Ho etsa lipatlisiso mabapi le khokahano lipakeng tsa thepa ea marang-rang le sephetho sa bongaka ho ntlafatsa tsebo ea rona ea ts'ebetso ea lithethefatsi mme ho fana ka leseli la bohlokoa bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea mekhoa ea ts'oaetso ea IAD e tšepahalang haholoanyane.

Lisebelisoa le mekhoa

barupeluoa ba

Barupeluoa ba mashome a mararo a metso e meraro ba kopaneng le bacha ba 17 ba nang le IAD (banna ba 15 le basali ba 2) le 16 thobalano, lilemo-, le thuto-matched control health (HC) masomo (banna ba 14 le basali ba 2), ba nkile karolo phuputsong ena . Bakuli ba ile ba hiroa ho tsoa Lefapheng la Bana le Bacha ba Psychiki, Setsi sa Bophelo sa Mono sa Shanghai, Sekolo sa Bongaka sa Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Lihlooho tsa taolo li hapuoe ke sechaba sa lehae ho sebelisoa lipapatso. Boithuto bona bo amohetsoe ke Komiti ea Litekanyetso tsa Boithuto ba Bongaka le Boto ea Thupelo ea Setheo sa Shanghai Mental Health Center ho latela Phatlalatso ea Helsinki, mme tumello e felletseng e ngotsoeng e fumanoe ho tsoa ho batsoali / bahlokomeli ba bankakarolo e mong le e mong.

Nako ea IAD e ne e hakantsoe ka tlhahlobo ea morao-rao. Bafo bohle ba ile ba kopuoa ho hopola mokhoa oa bona oa bophelo ha ba ne ba le makhoba a inthanete qalong. Ho netefatsa bokhoba ba bona ba inthanete, bakuli ba ile ba hlahlojoa hape ho latela Young's Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ) bakeng sa litekanyetso tsa ho lemalla inthanete ke Beard le Wolf [33], le ho ts'epahala ha IAD e ipolelang e netefalitsoe ka puisano le batsoali ba bona. Bakuli ba IAD ba qetile bonyane lihora ka letsatsi inthaneteng kapa libapali tsa inthaneteng, mme matsatsi ka beke. Re netefalitse tlhaiso-leseling ena ho tsoa ho bao re lulang le bona le bao re kenang sekolo le bona ba bakuli hore hangata ba tsitlallela ho ba marang-rang bosiu haholo, ba sitisa maphelo a ba bang leha ho bile le litlamorao. Hlokomela bakuli bohle ba lemaletse inthanete bonyane kapa ho feta lilemo tse 2. Lintlha tsa YDQ e fetotsoeng bakeng sa litekanyetso tsa ho lemalla inthanete li fanoe ka Fanala S1.

Ho latela patlisiso e fetileng ea IAD [34], ke li-HC feela tse sebelisitseng nako e ka tlase ho lihora tsa 2 (hora e sebelisitsoeng = ) ka letsatsi inthaneteng li ne li kenyellelitsoe thutong ea hona joale. Sehlopha sa HC se sebelisitse matsatsi ka beke marang-rang. Li-HC le tsona li ile tsa lekoa ka litekanyetso tsa YDQ tse fetotsoeng ho netefatsa hore ha li na bothata ba IAD. Barupeluoa bohle ba hiriloeng e ne e le libui tsa China mme ba ne ba e-so ka ba sebelisa lintho tse seng molaong. Hlokomela YDQ e fetotsoeng e ile ea fetoleloa ho Sechaena molemong oa bankakarolo. Ho ntšetsa pele ho lokafatsa sephetho sa tlhahlobo, mohato o mong oa tlhahlobo ea IAD, Young's Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS) [35], e ne e etselitsoe motho e mong le e mong ea nkang karolo. YIAS ke lipotso tsa 20 tsa ntho e ntlafalitsoeng ke Dr. Kimberly Young ho lekola tekanyo ea bokhoba ba marang-rang. E arola basebelisi ba marang-rang ka likhato tse tharo tsa ho teba ho latela moralo oa lintlha tsa 100-point: basebelisi ba bonolo ba inthanete ( lintlha), mosebelisi ea inthaneteng ea itekanetseng ( lintlha), le sesebelisoa se matla sa inthanete ( lintlha).

Ntle le ho khetholla IAD ka YDQ e fetotsoeng le YIAS, maemo a boitšoaro a bakuli ba IAD a ile a boela a hlahlojoa a sebelisa lipotso tse 'maloa tse amanang le boitšoaro: Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) [36], Scale ea Tsamaiso ea Tsamaiso ea Nako (TMDS) [37], Potso ea Maemo a Matla le Mathata [38], le Sesebelisoa sa Tlhahlobo ea Lelapa sa McMaster (FAD) [39]. Ka bobeli lithuto tsa bana le tsa motsoali tsa SDQ li sebelisitsoe thutong. Lintlha tsa lipotso tsena li fanoe ka har'a Fanala S1.

Pele ho buisanoa ka nalane ea bongaka, bohle ba neng ba nka karolo ba ile ba hlahlojoa ka bonolo (khatello ea mali le liteko tsa ho otla ha pelo) ho sa kenyeletse mafu a 'mele a amanang le ts'ebetso ea methapo ea methapo, methapo ea kutlo, phefumoloho, ho potoloha, tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo, le ho tsoala. Mekhoa ea ho kenyelletsa e kenyellelitsoe: 1) nalane ea mafu a kelello le mafu a se nang kelello, a kang ho tšoenyeha, khatello ea maikutlo, ho qobelloa, schizophrenia, autism, kapa lefu la ho ferekana kelellong; 2) nalane ea tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi kapa ho its'etleha; 3) nalane ea mathata a 'mele a amanang le ho sisinyeha, tšilo ea lijo, methapo ea kutlo, phefumoloho, ho potoloha, endocrine, urinary, le tsamaiso ea ho ikatisa; le 4) ho ima kapa ho ea matsatsing ho basali nakong ea ho hlahlojoa. Ts'ebetso ena ea ho khetholla e bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore karolo ea thuto ena ha e angoe ke mathata a mang a 'mele, a methapo ea methapo kapa a amanang le neuropsychiatric, ka hona a fokotsa leeme le fumanoeng liputsong tse fumanoeng. Ho fanoa ka lintlha tse qaqileng tsa palo ea batho le lintlha tsa kliniki Lethathamo 1.

ponahalo e nyane

Lethathamo la 1. Tlhahisoleseling ea palo ea batho ba nkang karolo phuputsong ena.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0107306.t001

Ho Fumana data le ho li ntlafatsa

Ho fumana data ho entsoe ho sebelisoa sekepe sa 3.0 Tesla (Philips Achieva). Litšoantšo tse sebetsang tsa boemo ba phomolo ba setho se seng le se seng li ile tsa fumanoa ka nako ea echo (TE) = 30 ms le nako ea ho pheta-pheta (TR) = 2000 ms. Matrix ea ho e fumana e ne e le 64 × 64 e nang le mohatla oa FOV ea 230 × 230 mm2, le qeto ea voxel ea 3.59 × 3.59 × 4 mm3. Sekenolo se kenyelelitse likarolo tsa 220 bakeng sa karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe. Nakong ea tlhaiso-leseling, barupeluoa ba ile ba botsoa hore ba robale ka khutso sehatsetsing ba inotse mahlo. Le ha ho ne ho se mokhoa kapa sesebelisoa se eketsehileng se sebelisitsoeng ho lekanya hore na lithuto li hlile li lutse li koetse mahlo, lithuto li netefalitse hore li ne li tseba 'me li boloka mahlo a tsona a koetsoe nakong ea scan.

Ho lokisa data ho ile ha etsoa ho sebelisoa sepache se tloaelehileng ho mabokose a mabeli a lisebelisoa a ts'ebetso ea R-fMRI, DPARSF [40] LE MOTSOALLE [41]. Pele ho ntlafatso efe kapa efe, meqolo ea pele ea 10 R-fMRI ea thuto ka 'ngoe e ile ea lahleloa ho fihlela tekano ea matla a khoheli. Li-volum tsa R-fMRI li ne li thathamisitsoe sebakeng sa MNI ka qeto 3 × 3 × 3 mm3. Phetoho ea lipontšo tsa nuisance ho kenyelletsa li-ventricle, taba e tšoeu le lipontšo tsa lefats'e li entsoe. Ha ho le ea mong oa karolo ea ileng a qheleloa ka thoko ho latela mokhoa oa ho fallisoa ha batho ba fetang 3 mm kapa ho potoloha ka tsela e fetang degrees 3 ntlheng efe kapa efe. Ho fokotsa litlamorao tsa ho sisinyeha ha hlooho, re sebelisitse tokiso ea Friston 24-paramente hammoho le voxel e khethehileng e reheletsoeng ka ntlo-kahare (FD) [42] ka monyako oa FD oa 0.5. Pele ho tekanyetso ea khokahanyo e sebetsang, moelelo oa nako ea R-fMRI ea ROI e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ne e entsoe sefetela ( Hz).

Morero oa khokahano ea marang-rang le tlhahlobo ea likhokelo tsa motho ka mong

Tlhahlobo ea mohopolo oa Graph e amohetse thutong ena ho etsa lipatlisiso tse sebetsang tsa bokaholimo ba kelello bo bakiloeng ke IAD har'a sehlopha sa bacha ba Machaena. Ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso e thehiloe maemong a macroscale moo li-node li emelang libaka tsa boko tse hlalositsoeng esale pele 'me methapo e emela kgokahanyo ea tšebetso ea karolo ea phomolo ea mmuso (RSFC). Ho hlalosa marang-rang a marang-rang, re arisitse kelello ho libaka-tsa-thahasello (ROI) ka ho sotha litšoantšo tsa fMRI ho lebenkele le ikopantseng la automated Anatomical Labeling (AAL) [43]. Libaka tse ipapisitseng le li-atlas tsa AAL li thathamisitsoe ho Tafole S1 ho Fanala S1. Nako ea moemeli oa ROI e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ne e fumanoe ka ho lekanya nako ea nako le nako ho li-voxels tsohle ho ROI ka 'ngoe. Ho lekanya RSFC e arohaneng, re balile khokahano ea Pearson ka bobeli ho tsohle tse ka khonehang (() = 4005) liroboto tsa ROI mme ba theha matrix a hokahanyo a emeng ho emela likhokahano tsena. Re ile ra sekaseka liphapang tsa sehlopha sa lihlopha lipakeng tsa li-ROI ka matla a khokahano. Phapang e kholo bakeng sa khokahano e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e sebetsang e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa boima bo bongata (tse peli-tailing) Liteko tse nang le monyako oa le khalemelo ea phokotso ea leshano (FDR) khalemelo.

Metric Network le Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso

Matrix ea khokahano e sebetsanang le khokahano ea Pearson e hokahane haholo, e nang le likarolo tse ngata tsa bohata, tse nang le matla a tlase. Ho etsa mehlala e metle ea likhokahano tsa boko ba motho, e bonts'ang thepa e nyane ea lefats'e, ts'ebetso ea motho ka mong ea khokahano e ile ea sebetsoa hape ho ba le marang-rang a fokolang a oelang pusong ea lefatše le lenyane () [44]-[48]. Mmuso ona o netefatsa litšobotsi tse fokolang tsa lefatše tse nyane bakeng sa marang-rang a boko a 90 ROIs [44]. Ka ho khetheha, matrix e amanang le Pearson ea thuto e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ile ea fetoloa hore e be lipalo tsa lipalo tsa binarized, , ho latela sparsity e hlalositsoeng pele, moo kaofela li qala ho beoa ho e le 'ngoe, ebe likarolo tse lumellanang le litekanyetso tse tlase tsa tlhabollo li lula li beoa ho fihlela boemo bo itseng ba sparsity bo fihletsoe. Re ipapisitse le marang-rang ana, re sebelisitse metro ea marang-rang ea lefatše le ea tikoloho ho sekaseka meralo ea kaho ka kakaretso le boits'oaro ba mantlha ba li-network tsa boko bakeng sa papiso ea sehlopha. Mechine ea lefatše ka bophara e sebelisitsoeng e kenyelletsa likhakanyo tsa lefatše tse nyane, e leng coeffanele () le bolelele ba tsela) [49], [50], hammoho le katleho ea marang-rang a lefats'e () le katleho ea netweke ea lehae (). Ntle le moo, re balile mefuta e tloaelehileng ea mehato ena re sebelisa marang-rang a sa sebetseng (, 'me ) ho netefatsa thepa ea lefats'e e nyane ea marang-rang a likopa tse hahiloeng. Re hlalosa marang-rang re le lefatše le lenyane haeba le kopana le lintlha tse latelang tse tharo. , , le karolelano ea lefatše le lenyenyane, . Metsotso e meraro ea nodal centrality - degree (), katleho (), le pakeng tsa () - ea sebaka ka seng sa boko se ne se baloa ho lekola litšobotsi tsa lehae tsa netweke e sebetsang [44], [46].

Ho etsa lipatlisiso lipalo-palo lipakeng tsa lihlopha tse pakeng tsa sehlopha, re entse mehlala e 'meli-tailing Liteko tse nang le monyako oa (FDR e lokisitsoe) ka metriki e ngoe le e ngoe ea marang-rang (ea lefatše le ea tikoloho) ho latela sebaka se katiloeng (AUC) ea metric e ngoe le e ngoe e hahiloeng ho tsoa pusong ea lefatše le lecha [48]. AUC e fana ka kakaretso ea litšobotsi tsa mantlha tsa khokahano ea boko ho puso eohle e nyane ea lefats'e, ho e-na le ho nahana ka topology feela monyakong o le mong oa sparsity [44], [51]. Haholo-holo bakeng sa metriki e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea marang-rang, re qalile re bala boleng ba AUC ea motho ka mong ho li-network tse nang le maemo a fapaneng a sparsity ebe re etsa sampole tse peli Liteko tsa ho lekola lipalo tsa boemo ba sehlopha lipakeng tsa IAD le lihlopha tse phetseng hantle. Hoa hlokomeleha hore pele ho liteko tsa lipalo-palo, re sebelisitse li-regression tse ngata tse latellanang ho tlosa litlamorao tsa lilemo, bong le thuto, hammoho le litšebelisano tsa bona. [31], [52]-[54].

Ho ts'epahala le ho pheta-pheta ho sebelisa Atlas e sebetsang

Phuputsong e teng hona joale, marang-rang a khokahano a sebetsang a ile a hahuoa sebakeng sa setereke ka ho kenya kelello eohle ho 90 ROIs e thehiloeng ho atlase ea AAL. Leha ho le joalo, ho boetse ho tlalehiloe hore marang-rang a boko a nkiloeng ho tsoa merero e fapaneng ea parcellation kapa a sebelisa likala tse fapaneng tsa sepakapaka a ka bonts'a meralo e ikhethang [55]-[57]. Ho lekola ho ts'epahala le ho phetoa ha liphetho tsa rona, re pheta liteko re sebelisa atlelase e sebetsang ea Dosenbach [58], e arolang kelello ea motho ho 160 ROIs, ho kenyelletsa " Ka atlas ena, ROI ka 'ngoe e hlalosoa e le sekhahla sa bophara ba 10 limilimithara tse potolohileng ntlha ea peo e khethiloeng,' me sebaka se pakeng tsa litsi tsohle tsa ROI bonyane 10 mm se se nang sebaka sa sepakapaka, ho bolelang hore libaka tse ling tsa boko ha li koahetsoe ke setsi sa ROI.

Kamano lipakeng tsa Metric Network le Score tsa Boitšoaro

Bakeng sa libaka tseo (ho ipapisitsoe le marang-rang a AAL) tse bonts'ang phapang e kholo ea boemo ba sehlopha maemong a sehlooho a sehlooho, re sebelisitse khokahano ea li-pearlon pearson (, FDR e lokisitsoe) ho sekaseka likamano lipakeng tsa marang-rang a tikoloho ka 'ngoe le lintlha tsa boitšoaro ba motho ka mong. Ka ho khetheha, tlhahlobisong ea khokahano, metriki ea marang-rang e ile ea nkuoa joalo ka mefuta e itšetlehileng ka eona, ha lintlha tsa boitšoaro, ke hore, BIS-11, TMDS, SDQ, le FAD, li ile tsa nkuoa joalo ka mefuta e ikemetseng. Ho tsoela pele ho utloisisa kamano lipakeng tsa libaka tsa boko tse amehileng le ho tiea ha mafu, re boetse re bala palo ea pearson ea khokahanyo lipakeng tsa likarolo tsa marang-rang le lintlha tsa YIAS.

Results

Sebopeho sa Boumo ba Batho le Tlhaho

Ha ho na phapang ea bohlokoa ho latela lilemo, bong, le lilemo tsa thuto (tsohle ka ) lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsa IAD le HC. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le phapang e kholo ea tšebeliso ea marang-rang mabapi le matsatsi ka beke () le lihora tse ngata ka letsatsi (). Le ha ho sena phapang ea bohlokoa lipakeng tsa lihlopha bakeng sa BIS-11 le lintlha tsa TMDS (kaofela ka ), SDQ-P (), SDQ-C (), le FAD () lintlha li phahame haholo sehlopheng sa IAD, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe Lethathamo 1 'me Setšoantšo sa 1. Haholo, YIAS (), moeko oa bongaka o sebelisitsoeng ho khetholla IAD, o bonts'a phapang e kholo ea boemo ba sehlopha.

ponahalo e nyane

Setšoantšo sa 1. Phapang lipakeng tsa sehlopha sa batho ho latela mehato ea bongaka le boits'oaro.

(YIAS = Young's Internet Addiction Scale, BIS-11 = Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11, TMDS = Time Management Disposition Scale, SDQ-P = Matla le Mathata Potso ea motsoali, SDQ-C = Matla le Mathata Potso ea bana ea mofuta oa FAD = McMaster Sesebelisoa sa Tekolo ea Lelapa).

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0107306.g001

Khoebo e Ikemetseng ea Mosebetsi

Ha ho bapisoa le sehlopha sa HC, ke likhokahanyo tse tharo feela tse sebetsang tse boneng phetoho ea bohlokoa kamora ho khalemeloa ke FDR. Khokahano e 'meli ea li-hemispheric, e' ngoe e pakeng tsa leqele le ka letsohong le letšehali ("parietal lobe") le e 'ngoe lipakeng tsa "fusiform gyrus" (occipital lobe) le "girus" e nepahetseng ea letsoho. Bakuli ba IAD. Khokahano e le 'ngoe ea methapo ea methapo, pakeng tsa caudate e nepahetseng (subcortical cortex) le supramarginal gyrus (parietal lobe) e bonts'a ho hokahana ha sehlopha sa mafu. Likhokahano tsena tse fetotsoeng haholo tse sebetsang li bontšoa ka har'a Setšoantšo sa 2. Khokahano ea mebala e khubelu le e putsoa e bontša khokahano e eketsehang le e fokotsehileng ea tšebetso, ka ho fapana, sehlopheng sa IAD. Hlokomela hore boholo ba likhokahano tse amehang tse sebetsang li kenyelletsa libaka tse sebakeng se nepahetseng sa hemisphere le parietal lobe.

ponahalo e nyane

Setšoantšo sa 2. Khokahano e hlakileng ea ts'ebetso ho bakuli ba IAD (FDR e lokisitsoe).

Khubelu: Khokahanyo e sebetsang ea kopanya, Blue: e fokotsehile khokahanyo e sebetsang. (FRO: Frontal, INS: Insula, TEM: temporous, PAR: Parietal, OCC: Sebaka, LIM: Limbic, SBC: Subcortical). Pono ena e thehiloe ho sebelisoa sephutheloana sa BrainNet Viewer (http://www.nitrc.org/projects/bnv) le Li-circos (http://circos.ca/).

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0107306.g002

Litšobotsi tsa lefatše ka bophara tsa Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso

Re ile ra lekola likhahla tsa tlhaho tsa ts'ebetso ea kelello e sebetsang ka botebo ka ho bapisa boits'oaro ba bona ba lefatše le manyane a marang-rang a tšoanang le a marang-rang a sparsity network, . Haholo-holo re fuputse litekanyetso tsa lefatše tse nyane (mohlala, coeffaneleng, bolelele ba tsela le boemo ba lefatše le lenyenyane, ), hammoho le katleho ea lefats'e le ea lehae. Mananeo a marang-rang a sebelisitsoeng thutong a ile a boloka palo ea li-node le litselana, le kabo ea tekanyo ea li-network tsa 'nete tsa boko tse amehang ka mokhoa ona oa ho rekisa o hlalositsoeng ho [59]. Tlhahlobo ea lipalopalo e sebelisa mehlala e 'meli Litekanyetso (, FDR e lokisitsoeng) ka boleng ba AUC holim'a mmuso o fokolang oa lefats'e o bonts'itse phapang ea bohlokoa pakeng tsa lihlopha tsa IAD le HC mabapi le thepa ea marang-rang ea lefatše.

Litšobotsi tsa Nodal ea Libaka tsa Lits'ebetso tsa Ts'ebetso

Leha ho na le tšibollo e tloaelehileng ea lefats'e le lenyane, ho bile le phapang e kholo ea boemo ba sehlopha e khethiloeng bohareng ba sehlooho ba sehlooho. Thutong ena, re nka sebaka sa boko se fetotsoe haholo sehlopheng sa IAD haeba bonyane e 'ngoe ea metric ea eona ea hlooho e nang le -Ha fokola ho feta 0.05 (FDR e lokisitsoeng) ho latela litekanyetso tsa eona tsa AUC. Lethathamo 2 e akaretsa likarolo tse fetotsoeng haholo ho bakuli ba IAD. Ha ho bapisoa le sehlopha sa HC, bakuli ba IAD ba bonts'a liphetoho tsa methapo ea methapo e fumanehang kahara mokokotlo o tlase oa parietal lobule (IPL), thalamus (THA), le libaka tse ling tse kang system ea limbic, ka kotloloho letsoho le nepahetseng la anterior cingrate gyrus (ACG) le ka ho le letona bohareng cingulate gyrus (MCG). Haholo, IPL le ACG ke likarolo tsa netweke ea default-mode (DMN), eo pele e neng e hokahantsoe le khokahano e fetotsoeng tlatsong ea lithethefatsi. [60]-[62].

ponahalo e nyane

Tafole 2. Libaka tse bontšang lits'oants'o tse sa tloaelehang ho bakuli ba IAD ha li bapisoa le taolo e phetseng hantle (HC) e thehiloeng hodima atlas ea AAL.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0107306.t002

Ho ts'epahala le ho pheta-pheta ho sebelisa Atlas e sebetsang

Ha atlelase ea Dosenbach e sebelisetsoa ho hlalosa li-ROI, liphapang tse kholo tsa sehlopha li bonoa haholo khokahanong e ka pele le ea parietal ho cerebellem. Liphumano tsena li akaretsoe ka Lethathamo 3. Leha likhokahano tsena li fapana le tse bonts'itsoeng ho ipapisitse le marang-rang a AAL, likhokahano tse ngata tse sitisitsoeng li kenyelletsa li-lobes tse tšoanang tsa kelello, ntle le libaka tsa cerebellum. Mabapi le metriki ea marang-rang a lefats'e, ha rea ​​fumana phapang pakeng tsa lihlopha tsa IAD le HC, tse ts'oanang le sephetho se thehiloeng ho atlase ea AAL. Bakeng sa metrics ea lehae ea lehae, re fumane hore tse ling tsa libaka tse khethiloeng li fumaneha haufi le libaka tse khethiloeng ho ipapisitsoe le li-atal tsa AAL, joalo ka ACG le THA joalo ka ha li fuoe Lethathamo 4.

ponahalo e nyane

Tafole 3. Khokahano e sebetsang ho batho ba IAD ba ileng ba ba le liphetoho tse kholo tse thehiloeng ho setsi sa Dosenbach.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0107306.t003

ponahalo e nyane

Tafole ea 4. Libaka tse bonts'ang libaka tse sa tloaelehang tsa nodal ho bakuli ba IAD ha li bapisoa le taolo e phetseng hantle (HC) e ipapisitse le atlelase ea Dosenbach.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0107306.t004

Kamano lipakeng tsa Metric Network le Mehato ea Boitšoaro

Ha ho na bohlokoa (, FDR e lokisitsoeng) khokahano lipakeng tsa metriki ea netweke ea lefatše ka bophara (, , , 'me ) le lintlha tsa boits'oaro le tsa bongaka. Leha ho le joalo, metallal ea nodal ea libaka tse fapaneng ea libaka tse ngata e kholo (, FDR e lokisitsoe) e amanang le lintlha tsa boits'oaro le tsa bongaka. ACG e nepahetseng e kopantsoe hantle le sekhahla sa YIAS. MCG e nepahetseng e kopantsoe hantle le sekhahla sa YIAS. THA ea leqeleng e tsamaellana hantle le lintlha tsa YIAS le SDQ-P. Leha ho le joalo, IPL ea leqeleng ha e tsamaellane haholo le tlhaiso efe kapa efe ea boits'oaro kapa ea bongaka. Likarolo tsa boko tse amanang haholo le litloaelo tsa boits'oaro le tsa bongaka li bonts'oa Setšoantšo sa 3.

ponahalo e nyane

Setšoantšo sa 3. Libaka tsa boko tse amanang haholo le lintlha tsa boits'oaro le tsa bongaka sehlopheng sa IAD (FDR e lokisitsoe).

Papiso ena e entsoe ka sephutheloana sa BrainNet Viewer (http://www.nitrc.org/projects/bnv). (YIAS = Karolo ea Young's Internet Addiction Score, BIS-11 = Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11, TMDS = Time Management Disposition Scale, SDQ-P = Matla le Mathata Potso ea motsoali, SDQ-C = Matla le Mathata a Potso ea mofuta oa bana.).

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0107306.g003

Puisano

Liphetoho tsa khokahano ea motho ka mong ea sebetsang

Temoho ea mochini oa ntlafatso ea boko ba motho e bohlokoa bakeng sa kutloisiso e betere ea metheo ea mafu e amang bana le bacha, e lebisang ho kalafo ea kapele. Ho ipapisitsoe le tlhaiso-leseling ea graph ea lintlha tsa R-fMRI, ho 'nile ha fanoa ka maikutlo a hore ts'ebetso e sebetsang ea boko ba motho ea hola mme e fetoha ho tloha bongoaneng ho ea bohlankaneng ho fihlela motho e moholo ka ho latela tloaelo e ikhethileng - karohano e kholo ea ts'ebetso ho bana le kopanyo e kholo ea ts'ebetso ho batho ba baholo ho boemo bohle ba boko [63]-[66]. Haholo-holo, mokhatlo o hlophisehileng oa marang-rang a ts'ebetso ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang o tloha ho khokahano ea lehae ho ea morerong o fetisitsoeng o nang le nts'etsopele [63], [66], moo batho ba baholo ba ratang ho ba le tšebelisano e fokolang ea likarolo tse khutšoane le tšebeliso e matla ea bolelele ba tšebetso ho feta bana [65].

Liphumano tsa rona li bonts'a hore likhokahano tse senyehileng tse bonngoeng ho IAD, leha e le tse 'maloa feela kamora khalemelo ea FDR, ke likhokahano tse telele le tse pakeng tsa hemispheric tse bohlokoa bakeng sa puisano ea sebaka se selelele bokong ba motho. Ho fokotseha ha likhokahano tse telele le tse bohareng tsa methapo ke pontšo e tloaelehileng liketsong tse ngata tsa boitšoaro, ho kenyeletsa le autism [67]-[70], schizophrenia [71], bokhoba ba opioid [72], [73], le ho lemalla k'hok'heine [74]. Ho senyeha ha likhokahano tsa maqhubu a malelele ho ka bonoa e le ho sitisoa ha ts'ebetso ea ho kopanya ka har'a marang-rang a ts'ebetso a sebetsang a boko ba motho [63], [64], [75], kheloha ho tsoa ho ts'ebetso ea methapo e tloaelehileng ea methapo. Kahoo, re nahana hore kholo e sa tloaelehang ea khokahano e telele le e pakeng tsa methapo ho bacha ba IAD e bonoang thutong ena ke e 'ngoe ea mabaka a boitšoaro ba bona ba bokhoba.

Liphetoho ho Maruo a Global Network

Boko ba motho bo nkuoa e le sistimi e matla le e kopaneng ea matla a kopaneng le thepa ea mantlha e bohlokoa joalo ka lefats'e le lenyane, ho sebetsa hantle ka theko e tlase, le li-hubs tse hokahaneng haholo. [46], [76]-[79]. Ts'ebetsong ea marang-rang a manyane, libaka li hokahantsoe sebakeng seo molemong oa ts'ebetso ea tlhahisoleseling 'me li hokahanngoa hole ka palo e nyane ea likhokahano tsa malelele bakeng sa sephethe-phethe se akaretsang [50]. Ka bobeli lihlopha tsa IAD le HC li bonts'itse thepa ea lefats'e e nyane, ke hore, li-coefficients tse phahameng () le bolelele bo ts'oanang ba tšobotsi), ha ho bapisoa le marang-rang a bapisoang le a sa sebetseng. Leha ho le joalo, re hlokometse li-coefficients tse tloaelehileng tsa maemo a tšoanang le bolelele bo tšoanang ba tšobotsi e tšoanang sehlopheng sa IAD ha se bapisoa le sehlopha sa HC ka bongata ba khokahano, tumellanong le lithuto tsa R-fMRI tsa pejana [26]. Katleho e kholo ea ho kopanya ea methapo e bonts'a ts'ebetso e kopanetsoeng ea neuronal lipakeng tsa libaka tse hole, tse bonts'ang likhakanyo tsa nako e telele tse telele le tse bobebe tse tsamaeang hanyane ka hanyane lihlopheng tsa IAD le HC. Tsoelo-pele ea mekhahlelo ea bongaka, ho tloha ho e bonolo ho ea ho e matla, e ka baka ho senyeha ho hoholo kapa ho hokahanya likhokahano tse telele, 'me ka hona ea khothaletsa ho theha likhokelo tsa nako e khuts'oane ka har'a sehlopha e le litsela tse ling tsa ho boloka phetiso ea tlhahisoleseling lipakeng tse peli tse hole. Leha ho le joalo, ho theha likhokahano tse hole-hole ho ka hlahisa lihlopha tse sa tloaelehang tse eketsang kotsi ea ho hlahisa phallo e sa laoleheng kapa e sa utloahaleng ea tlhahisoleseling ka marang-rang ohle. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, marang-rang ohle a boko a bonts'a ts'ebetso e tšoanang ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea lefats'e le ea lehae ha e bapisoa le marang-rang a bapisoang le a sa sebetseng [80]. Liphumano tsena li tšehetsa mohopolo oa sebopeho sa lefatše le bonyenyane sa boko ba motho bo fanang ka motsoako o lekanang oa boiphihlelo ba lehae le ho hokahana ha lefatše [81]. Ho hlokomela ha rona ha ho na phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsa IAD le HC mabapi le thepa ea marang-rang a marang-rang ho ka bolela hore liphetoho tsa sebopeho sa netweke ea IAD li tebile. Ka lebaka leo, lipatlisiso tse ling hape mabapi le li-biomarkers tsa IAD tse mabapi le tikoloho li ka hlahisa tlhahisoleseling ea bohlokoa mabapi le lefu la lefu lena, le ka ts'oaetso ea lithethefatsi.

Litšobotsi tsa Nodal ea Libaka tsa Lits'ebetso tsa Ts'ebetso

Liphetoho tse amanang le IAD tse amanang le nodal centrality li fumanoa haholo-holo likarolo tsa tsamaiso ea limbic ho kenyelletsa ACG le MCG, IPL, le THA. Likhathatso tsa libaka tsena hammoho le litsela tsa hokahano tse amanang li ka fetoleloa ho bonts'a ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahisoleseling e fokotsehileng, mohlomong e le seipone sa ts'ebetso ea IAD.

Cingulate gyrus (CG), karolo ea bohlokoa ea tsamaiso ea methapo, e kenella ho theheng maikutlo le ts'ebetsong, ho ithuta le ho hopola, ts'ebetso e kholo, le taolo ea phefumoloho. [82]. E fumana mats'oao a tsoang ho THA le neocortex le merero ho "entorhinal" cortex ka cingulum. Tsela ena e shebile liketsahalo tsa bohlokoa maikutlong ebile e laola boits'oaro bo mabifi [29]. Ho senyeha ha mesebetsi e amanang le CG ho ka senya bokhoni ba motho ba ho lekola le ho laola boits'oaro ba hae, haholo boits'oaro bo amanang le maikutlo. [83]. Boithuto bo bongata ba tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi le boits'oaro bo bontšitse liphetoho tse kholo likarolong tse ka thoko le ka morao tsa CG (ACG le PCG), ho kenyelletsoa le ts'ebeliso ea joala. [84], papali ea papali ea chelete [85], le IAD [27], [29]. Ho batho ba hlekefetsang koae ka koae, ho bile le liphetoho tse tšoanang ho MCG le tsona [86]. Lithutong tsa pejana tsa fMRI, ho boetse ho bontšitsoe hore CG ea ka ntle, e bohareng le e ka morao kaofela li anngoe ke maemo a meputso le kotlo. [87]. Ka lebaka la karolo ea MCG ho sebetsanang le maikutlo a matle le a seng matle, ha ho makatse hore ebe tikoloho e bonts'a pherekano e kholo khokahanong ea bakuli ba IAD.

THA ke switchboard ea tlhaiso-leseling ea boko 'me e ameha mesebetsing e mengata ea boko ho kenyeletsa ts'ebetso ea moputso [88], boits'oaro bo lebisitsoeng ho sepheo, le mesebetsi ea kelello le koloi [89]. E fetisetsa mehopolo ea maikutlo le ea koloi ho tloha libakeng tse tlasa subcortical ho ea cortex ea mokokotlo [90]. Ka THA, orbitofrontal cortex e fumana lipono tse tobileng le tse sa tobang ho tsoa libakeng tse ling tsa boko tse amehang ho matlafatseng lithethefatsi, joalo ka amygdala, CG, le hippocampus [91], ho laola le ho lokisa boits'oaro bo khahlisang- le boitšoaro bo amanang le kotlo [92]. Literekere tse sa tloaelehang tsa thalamo-cortical tse fumanehang ho batho ba lemaletseng papali ea inthanete [93] e ka fana ka maikutlo a ho fokotsoa ha ts'ebetso ea THA e amanang le mekhoa e sa foleng ea boroko bo bobe [94] le ho shebisisa haholo khomphutha. Ntle le moo, THA e hokahane hantle le hippocampus [95] e le karolo ea sistimi ea hippocampal e atolositsoeng, e bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea kelello joalo ka ho tsamaea ka sepakapaka le ho kopanngoa ha tlhahisoleseling ho tloha mohopolong oa nako e khuts'oane ho ea memori ea nako e telele [96], [97].

Re hlokometse liphetoho tse kholo tsa li-nodal tsa mantlha ho IPL, tumellanong le liphetho tse tlalehiloeng lithutong tsa morao-rao tsa R-fMri-IAD [24], [93]. E ts'oanang le THA, IPL e hokahane haholo le li-cortexes tsa pono, pono, le somatosensory, 'me e khona ho sebetsana le mefuta e fapaneng ea menyako ka nako e le' ngoe. Ha e le e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa hoqetela tsa boko ba motho nakong ea nts'etsopele, IPL e ka ba tlokotsing ea ho pepesoa ka ho fetelletseng ha maikutlo a susumetsang le a pono, haholo-holo nakong ea bongoana. Ho senyeha ha IPL ho susumetsoang ke ts'ebeliso e mpe ea marang-rang ho ka hatella bokhoni ba motho ba ho buisana hantle le ho thibela ts'oaetso ea melaoana ea tšusumetso [98], [99], e senya bokhoni ba bona ba ho hanela litakatso tsa inthanete tse bonoang, tse ka fokolisang IPL le ho feta. Mekhoa e joalo e chitja hangata e bonoa ho lithethefatsi le lithethefatsi.

Mebuso ea DMN hangata e sebetsa ka linako tse ling ho feta ho etsa mesebetsi e lebisitsoeng ho sepheo [62]. Libaka tsena tse tsejoang hore li nka karolo ho fetoleng maikutlo le liketsong tsa boiphetetso, ho kenyelletsa le ho hlahloba boits'oaro ba mekhoa ea kahare le kantle, ho hopola tse fetileng, le ho rera bokamoso [60], [62], litekanyetso tsa bohlokoa ho lefu la IAD. Ho kile ha fanoa ka tlhahiso ea hore khokahano e fetotsoeng e amanang le libaka tsa DMN e kenya letsoho lipontšong tse fapaneng tsa boits'oaro ho mafu [100], ho kenyelletsa le bokhoba ba lithethefatsi [101], [102] le bokhoba ba boitšoaro [24], [103]. Liphumano tsa rona tsa ho fetoloa ha khokahano e sebetsang e kenyelletsang libaka tse 'maloa tsa DMN li lumellana ka tsela e fapaneng le lipatlisiso tse fetileng, tse fanang ka maikutlo a hore DMN e na le monyetla oa ho sebetsa joalo ka biomarker bakeng sa ho khetholla bakuli ba IAD.

Ho ts'epahala le ho pheta-pheta ho sebelisa Atlas e sebetsang

Tse ling tsa likarolo tse sa tloaelehang tsa boko tse khethiloeng ho latela li-atlas tsa AAL le tsona li ile tsa bonts'oa ho sebelisa li-atlas tse sebetsang, ho ts'ehetsa ho ts'epahala le ho pheta-pheta ha liphetho tsa rona. Lebaka le leng le ka bang la litholoana tse fapaneng hanyane ke puso ea sebediswa thutong ena. Litšobotsi tsa lefats'e-le lenyane la li-network tsa khokahano tse hahiloeng ho thehiloe ho atlase ea AAL ea 90 ROIs e sebetsa hantle haholo har'a marang-rang ana. [44]. Leha ho le joalo, sebaka sena sa sparsity se kanna sa se be se loketseng bakeng sa li-atlase tse nang le lipalo tse fapaneng tsa ROI. Ntle le moo, li-ROIs tse fumanoeng ho li-atlas tsa Dosenbach li hlalosoa li sebetsa hantle 'me ha li koahele boko bohle [58]. Ka atlas ena, litsi tsa li-ROI tsohle tsa 160 li khetholloa pele 'me sebaka se nang le radius ea 5 mm se holisoa ho tloha setsing ka seng, ho hlahisa XIUMX mm spherical ROI. Bohareng ba ROI e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e boetse e behiloe bonyane 10 mm ka thoko le litsi tsa li-ROI tse ling, e lebisang ho atlas e se nang sebaka ka nako. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, atlas ea AAL e koahela lithane tsa boea ba boea ka popelong eohle. Phapang ena ea tlhaloso ea ROI le sebaka ka kakaretso se koahetsoeng li ka kenya letsoho ho fapana ha liphetho. Kahoo, lipatlisiso tse ling hape li sebelisa sehlopha se seholo ho hlokahala ho tseba hore na khetho ea morero oa parcellation ea boko e ama boemo ba tšibollo ea marang-rang joang.

Correlation Pakeng tsa Metric Network le Mehato ea Boitšoaro

Thutong ena, ha re a ka ra bona khokahano pakeng tsa metara ea lefatše lohle ea boits'oaro le mekhoa ea boits'oaro, ho fana ka maikutlo a ho ba teng ha liphetoho lipakeng tsa boko bo boholo ba marang-rang a boko. Ho fumana sena ho kanna ha fana ka maikutlo a hore mefuta e fapaneng ea khokahano ea boko e patehile ka lebaka la bokaholimo ba bokong ba motho (neuroplasticity) [104], [105] ho fumana boholo ba mesebetsi ea eona ea letsatsi le letsatsi ka mekhoa e meng e fapaneng (neural circry). Bour plastikiity e kenyelletsa ho hlophisa bohokahanyo pakeng tsa lisele tsa methapo ea kutlo kapa li-neuron mme e ka susumetsoa ke mabaka a mangata. [106]-[108]. E etsahala ka tsela e amanang le lilemo tse atileng haholo bongoaneng le bohlankaneng ho feta ho ba motho e moholo, ho fana ka maikutlo a ho fola hokahano hokahane ha methapo ea kutlo ea bongoana ho bacha ba nang le IAD. Ntle le moo, ho bonts'itsoe hore maemo a fapaneng a boitsoaro, ho tloha bokhobeng ho isa ho khatello ea methapo le kelello, a hokahana le liphetoho tsa lehae litsing tsa neural circuits [106]. Kahoo ha ho makatse hore ebe mehato e kopaneng ea marang-rang a marang-rang a joalo ka maqhubu a kopaneng a kopaneng, bolelele ba tšobotsi le ts'ebetso ea marang-rang ha e amehe habonolo ho bona liphetoho tsa potoloho ea boko sehlopheng sa IAD.

Leha ho le joalo, methapo ea methapo ea hlooho ea libaka tse 'maloa tsa boko e kopantsoe le mekhoa e meng ea boitšoaro. Haholo-holo, mofuta oa motsoali oa SDQ (SDQ-P), o lekang bokhoni ba motho ho sebetsana hantle le ho teba le ho teba ha maikutlo le mathata a boitšoaro bo ipapisitseng le tlhaiso-leseling e fanoeng ke batsoali ba bacha ba ithutileng eona. amanang le dikarolo tsa boko tse amehang tse sebetsang tse fumanehang ho IAD. Ho sitoa ho laola boits'oaro bo bobe le maikutlo ke e 'ngoe ea matšoao a mantlha a boitšoaro. Ho tloaelehile hore bakuli ha ba tsebe liphetoho tse bang teng maikutlong le maikutlong a bona le ha liphetoho tsena li bonahala ho batho ba ba potileng. Ena e kanna ea ba lebaka le ka sehloohong leo ka lona ho se nang mehato ea marang-rang e amanang le mofuta oa bana oa SDQ (SDQ-C) ka lebaka la boitlhahlobo ba eona. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ha ho na khokahano ea bohlokoa pakeng tsa mehato ea netweke ea lebatooa le mehato e meng ea boits'oaro ho kenyelletsa BIS-11, FAD, le TMDS. Tsena li fumana tšehetso e kholo Litaelo tsa mehato ena lipakeng tsa IAD le lihlopha tse phetseng hantle (Lethathamo 1). Liphumano tsena li ka fana ka tlhahiso ea hore tse ling tsa mekhoa ena ea boits'oaro li na le thuso ho khetholla libaka tse amehang mme ka hona e thusa ho hlahloba lefu la IAD, leha mosebetsi o mong o ntse o hlokahala ho utloisisa likarolo tsa mehato ena bokhobeng ba boitšoaro kapa likhathatso.

Litaba / Meeli ea Tekanyetso

Hona le likheo tse 'maloa tse lokelang ho totobatsoa thutong ena. Taba ea mantlha, ho fumanoa ha IAD ho ne ho thehiloe haholo liphatlalatsong tse ipolelang, tse ka amang ts'epahalo ea tlhahlobo ea mali. Nakong e tlang, lisebelisoa tse khethollang tsa tlhahlobo ea IAD li lokela ho nts'etsopele ho ntlafatsa ts'epahalo le bonnete ba tlhahlobo ea IAD. Taba ea bobeli, boithuto ba rona bo lekantsoe ke boholo ba sampole e nyane le ho se lekane ha bong ba batho ba nkang karolo (ba batona ba 31 le basali ba 4), tse ka fokotsang matla a lipalo le kakaretso ea liphetho, leha lintlha tsena li laotsoe ho sekasekoa. Kameho ea bong mabapi le ho ata ha IAD e ntse e le taba e ntseng e qoqoa. E ipapisitse le se fumanoeng ke Bacha [35], palo e phahameng ea basali e bonts'a ho itšetleha ha marang-rang. Ho fapana le hoo, phuputso e 'ngoe ea morao-rao e tlaleha hore ba batona ba bontša kotsi e kholo ea boitšoaro ba IAD [109]. Leha ho le joalo, ho boetse ho tlalehiloe hore ha ho na kamano pakeng tsa bong le IAD [110], [111]. Liteko tsa nako e tlang li sebelisa sehlopha se seholo sa basali le ho lekana tekanyo ea bong li hlokahala ho lekola likamano lipakeng tsa botona le botšehali ba IAD.

Ho tšehetsa Boitsebiso

Fanala S1.

Lisebelisoa tse tlatsetsang.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0107306.s001

(PDF)

lumela hore baa fokola

Mosebetsi ona o ne o tšehelitsoe karolo e 'ngoe ke lithuso tsa National Institutes of Health (NIH) EB006733, EB008374, EB009634, AG041721, le CA140413, hammoho le National Natural Science Foundation of China (81171325) le National Key Technology R&D Program 2007BAI17B03.

Menehelo ea Mongoli

O ile a amohela le ho hlophisa liteko: CYW ZZ PTY GW FS TP YD JX YZ DS. O entse liteko: CYW ZZ YD JX YZ DS. Ho hlahlobisisa lintlha: CYW PTY DS. Li-reagents tse kentsoeng / lisebelisoa / lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo: ZZ YD JX YZ. Ngola pampiri: CYW PTY TP DS.

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