Ho sebelisa lithethefatsi tsa pele le ho sebelisa lipapali tsa video nakong ea bocha (2015)

Tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi hara Bacha

Phuputso e entsoeng ho HBSC (Health Behavior in bana ba lilemo li Sekolo, 2010) e entsoeng ho bacha ba lilemo tse pakeng tsa 11 le 16 ea lilemo li, e bonts'a hore joala, koae le tšebeliso ea cannabis li ata khafetsa ebile lia eketseha ka lilemo. Kahoo, hara baithuti ba sehlopha sa botšelela, 59.3, 12.7, le 1.5% ba ne ba se ba qetile joala, koae le cannabis ka ho latellana. Ntle le moo, 6.8% ea li grader tsa botšelela le 34% ea li-graders tsa borobong li tlalehiloe hore lia taoa (Currie et al., 2010; Spilka et al., 2012a).

Ho latela lipatlisiso tsa ESCAPAD (2011) (kapa ka Sefora: "Enquête sur la Santé et les Consommations lors de l'Appel de Préparation A la Défense"), ba ka bang 75% ea bacha ba lilemo li 17 ba phatlalatsa hore ba se ba tahiloe ke joala, 42 % e phatlalatsa hore e felile koae (Spilka et al., 2012b) le 26.8% e phatlalalitse hore e se e jele cannabis (Spilka le Le Nézet, 2013) khoeling e fetileng.

Ts'ebeliso ea Lipapali tsa Video

Ts'ebeliso ea lipapali tsa video e atile har'a bana le bacha (Tejeiro le Moran, 2002; Wood et al., 2004). Haele hantle, Le Heuzey le Mouren (2012) fumane hore 87% ea bana ba lilemo li 11-13 le 80% ea bana ba lilemo li 15-17 ba bapala papali ea video bonyane hanngoe ka letsatsi. Lipapali tsa video tse batloang haholo ke bafuputsi ba marang-rang, haholo-holo MMORPG (papali e bapalang lipapali tse ngata tsa inthanete). Lipapali tsena li na le likarolo tse li etsang hore li khahle bacha haholo, joalo ka: ho se tsejoe, ho fumaneha, tšebeliso ea metsoalle, ho hlahisa thabo, ho kenella, ho hlolisana, ho qoelisoa, ho ba le tlhaiso-leseling e ngata, 'me maemong a mang, ke bokahohle bo tsoellang bo fumanehang (Greenfield le Ceap, 1999; Griffiths le Wood, 2000; Morahan-Martin le Schumacher, 2000; Chou et al., 2005; Ng le Wiemer-Hastings, 2005; Allison et al., 2006; Sebeyran, 2008; Minotte, 2010; INSERM, 2014).

Khopolo ea "ho lemalla lipapali tsa video" ha e e-so fetohe bothata bo itseng. Leha ho le joalo, "shida ea lipapali tsa marang-rang" e hlahisitsoe karolong ea III ea DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Dis shida, mofuta oa 5, Mokhatlo oa Mahlale oa Amerika, 2013). Boholo ba lithuto tse hlahlobang tšebeliso ea lipapali tsa video marang-rang li sebelisa mantsoe a pharaletseng a "cyberdependence" (Varescon, 2009). Leha ho le joalo, khopolo ea "tšebeliso ea mathata" e qala ho hasana lefapheng la mahlale, joalo ka ha ho bonahala INSERM's (2014) tlaleho, e kenyeletsang tlhaloso e ts'oanang haholo le Goodman's (1990) mekhoa ea bokhoba. Leha taba ea hore PUVG ha e hlalosoe hantle, hangata e koahela maikutlo a tšebeliso e mpe ea tšebeliso ea lipapali tsa video, ho fumanoe hore ho na le phapang e pakeng tsa 1.3% ho isa ho 50%. Phapang ena e pharalletseng lipakeng tsa lithuto e ka hlalosoa ka ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa tlhahlobo, khetho ea leeme, litekanyetso tsa ho kenyeletsoa joalo ka lilemo, joalo-joalo (Haagsma et al., 2012; Festl et al., 2013; King et al., 2013; Pápay et al., 2013; Ricquebourg et al., 2013).

Lipapali tsa Video le Ts'ebeliso ea Lithethefatsi

Boholo ba lithuto bo fumana kamano pakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi le litloaelo tsa libapali tsa video. Patlisiso ea morao-rao e bonts'a hore bashanyana ba jang koae, cannabis le joala ba beha kotsing ea bona ea ho ba le PUVG e phahameng haholo (e hlahlobiloeng ke PVG kapa "libapali tsa video" tse nang le mathata) ho feta ba sa kang ba etsa joalo (Van Rooij et al., 2014).

Ha ho tluoa tšebelisong ea joala, ho bonahala e le eona e amanang haholo le nako e sebelisitsoeng ho bapala lipapali tsa video. Haele hantle, Armstrong et al. (2010) e bonts'itse, mohlala oa baithuti ba sekolo sa mathomo sa 4691, hore nako e sebelisitsoeng ka pele ho thelevisheneng le ho bapala lipapali tsa video e amana hantle le tšebeliso ea joala.

Ha ho tluoa lilemong tsa tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa pele, ho qala ts'ebeliso ea joala pele ho lilemo tsa 13 ho fumanoe hore e amana haholo le tšebeliso ea khafetsa ea thelevishene, likhomphutha le lipapali tsa video (Denniston et al., 2011).

Ha ho tluoa tšebelisong e mpe ea lithethefatsi le ho its'etleha, ts'oaetso ea ts'ebeliso e mpe ea joala e fumanoe e eketseha ha nako e sebelisitsoeng e bapala lipapali tsa video ho baahi ba Norway ba fapaneng ho tloha 16 ho isa ho 74 ea lilemo liWenzel et al., 2009). Ntle le moo, batho ba tlalehang e le batho ba lemaletseng lintho tse ngata tse kang joala, koae, chokolete le koae, ke bona ba hlaselehang habonolo ho itšepa ho tlola ke ketsahalo e ngoe e kang ho ikoetlisa, ho shebella thelevishene, ho bapala lipapali tsa papali ea papali ea chelete, ho becha, ho sebelisa lipapali tsa inthanete le tsa video (Greenberg le al., 1999). Kahoo, PUVG e ile ea amahanngoa le likotsi tsa joala, koae le ho itšepa ("cannabis").Ream et al., 2011a,b).

Ho khahlisang, Raiff et al. (2012) e bonts'itse hore, ho batho ba baholo, ts'ebeliso ea lipapali tsa video e hangata khafetsa ebile e telele ho ba tsubang ho feta batho ba sa tsubeng.

Leha ho le joalo, lithuto tse ling li ile tsa sitoa ho fumana kamano lipakeng tsa nako e sebelisitsoeng ho bapala lipapali tsa video le tšebeliso ea lintho tse ling. Kahoo, Walther et al. (2012) e bonts'itse hore ntle le ts'ebeliso ea cannabis, koae kapa tšebeliso ea joala, koae e etsahala le lipapali tsa video. Holim'a moo, McClure and Mears (1986) e bontshitse hore baithuti (n = 190) ba neng ba bapala lipapali tsa video letsatsi le letsatsi ha baa ka ba sebelisa joala kapa koae ho feta ba neng ba bapala hanngoe kapa habeli ka khoeli.

Baahi

Mohlala oa rona o ne o e-na le baithuti ba Mafora ba 1423, ba lilemo tse pakeng tsa 11 le 17, ba hiretsoeng likolong tse mahareng le tse phahameng (7th, 8th, 10th, le 11th grade) sebakeng sa "Ile de France." Baithuti ba ile ba tsebisoa ka sepheo sa thuto ea rona mme re nkile karolo ka boithaopo ka ho tlatsa tlhahlobo ea lipotso ka koloi ka nako ea sekolo. Batsoali ba boetse ba tsebisitsoe ka litokelo tsa bona tsa ho hana ho nka karolo ha bana thutong ena. Boithuto bona bo ile ba latela litlhahiso tse fanoeng ke komiti ea melao ea boitšoaro ea lefapha la mahlale a kelello le thuto ea mahlale, University of Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, UFR SPE (Lefapha la Psychology le Thuto). Bolaoli ba thuto ba Versailles, likolo tse nkang karolo le litsi tsa thuto e phahameng le tsona li amohetse lipotso.

Mehato

Potso ea likoloi e ne e na le likarolo tse peli: ea pele e ne e kenyelletsa lipotso tse akaretsang mabapi le bong, lilemo le boemo ba thuto. Ea bobeli e ne e arotsoe likarolo tse 'ne:

Tlhahlobo ea Litekanyetso

SPSS 19 e sebeliselitsoe tlhahlobo eohle ea lipalo. Ho ile ha etsoa tlhahlobo e hlalosang (joalo ka liperesente, mekhoa le litlolo tse tloaelehileng) e le ho hlalosa palo ea batho. Kamora nako, re ile ra etsa lihlahlobo tsa bivariate (tsa Baithuti t-test, Chi-mraba, khokahano ea Pearson) ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa likhokahano tse ka bang teng lipakeng tsa tse fapaneng. Kamora nako ho ile ha etsoa tlhahlobo ea multivariate (MANOVA, regression) e le ho hlakisa lintho tse feto-fetohang, tse neng li le boima ba lipalo ho PUVG ha li ntse li li nka kaofela. Ka hona, re khonne ho totobatsa liperesente tsa phapang e hlalositsoeng le ho batla lipalo tsa "libapali tsa video" le PUVG.

Papali ea Video

Kakaretso ea 92.1% (N = 1289) li ne li nkuoa e le libapali tsa video khahlano le 7.9% (N = 111) libapali tse seng tsa video. Har'a libapali tse arabileng lipotso tsa PUVG (N = 1192), 17.7% (N = 211) e hlahisitse PUVG (e nang le lintlha tse tharo kapa ho feta). Ke 1.1% feela ea bona ba bonts'itseng litekanyetso tsohle (palo e phahameng ea lintlha tsa 7). Nako e sebelisitsoeng ho bapala lipapali tsa video ka letsatsi la sekolo e ne e le tlase haholo ho feta ka letsatsi le se nang sekolo [53 min (SD: 1 h 23 min) le 2 h 12 min (SD: 2 h 45 min) ka ho latellana; t(1288) = 22.78, p <0.0001]. Ho feta moo, libapali tsa video tse nang le PUVG li qeta nako e ngata lipapaling tsa video ho feta libapali tsa video ntle le PUVG [matsatsing a sekolo (t = 10.62, p <0.0001)] le ntle le sekolo [t(1085) = 10.8, p <0.0001].

Ha ho tluoa ka lisebelisoa tsa lipapali le mefuta ea lipapali tsa video: tse tharo tse neng li bontšoa haholo sehlopheng sa lisebelisoa tsa lipapali ke lik'homphieutha (85.1%), li-consoles tse tsitsitseng (75.2%), le mehala ea selefouno (66%). Ha e le mefuta ea lipapali, ke, lipapali tsa mabelo (54.8%), lipapali tsa sethala (48.9%) le lipapali tsa lipapali (48.3%).

Maikutlo

Hoo e ka bang halofo ea baahi ba rona (46.7%) ba phatlalalitse ba le joala. Lilemo tse pele qalong ts'ebeliso e ne e le lilemo tsa 12.4 (SD = 2.7). Re hlokometse hore 89.3% ea litšibollo tsa pele li etsahetse kamora lilemo tsa 8. Ka mantsoe a mang, mocha a le mong ho bacha ba 10 o ne a latsoitse joala ka lekhetlo la pele pele ho lilemo tsa 8. Ho feta moo, 19% e na le ts'ebeliso ea joala e kotsing.

Hoo e ka bang 16.7% ea baahi ba rona e phatlalalitse ho tsuba koae. Nako e tloaelehileng ea ho qala e tlalehiloeng e ne e le lilemo tsa 12.8 (SD = 1.9). Re fumane hore 90.3% ea batho ba tsubang ba qalile ho tsuba ba le lilemo li 10 kapa ka holimo. Ho feta moo, 5.2% e na le ts'ehetso e phahameng ea koae.

Kakaretso ea baithuti ba 21.1% ba phatlalalitseng hore ba tsubile cannabis bonyane hang bophelong ba bona mme 8.3% ba bile le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea cannabis, ha 8.6% e phatlalalitse ha joale e tsuba.

Ho bapisa pakeng tsa Libapali tsa Video le li-Gamers tseo eseng tsa Video

Libapali tsa video li na le tšebeliso e phahameng ea joala ho feta libapali tse seng tsa video (p = 0.04). Ha ho phapang e 'ngoe e fumanoeng lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli bakeng sa mefuta e hlahisitsoeng ka Lethathamo Lethathamo1.1. Tafole Lethathamo22 e hlalosa sephetho ka sekhahla sa ho lekanya kotsi ea ho ts'epahala le lilemo tsa pele tsa tšebeliso ea libapali tsa video le libapali tsa video tse seng.

 

Lethathamo 1

Peresente (%) ea bareki le lithuto tse kotsing ea ho its'epa.

 

Lethathamo 2

Liphetho tsa AUDIT-C, HSI, le CAST, 'me li bolela ho tsofala ha li qala.

Factorial ANOVA e entsoe ka morero oa ho ithuta nako e sebelisitsoeng lipapaling tsa video ka letsatsi le ntle le sekolo bakeng sa ba noang joala, cannabis le koae khahlanong le ba sa etseng. ANOVA e ne e le ea bohlokoa. Bonferroni's post hoc Liteko li bontšitse phapang e kholo ho sehlopha sa batho ba tsubang le bao eseng ba tsubang mabapi le nako e sebelisitsoeng ho bapala lipapali tsa video ka letsatsi la sekolo.n = 1199, p = 0.004) hape ka letsatsi le se nang sekolo (n = 1199, p = 0.003). Batho ba tsubang ba ile ba fumanoa ba sebelisa nako e ngata ho bapala lipapali tsa video.

Re boetse re tsamaisitse MANOVA ka mefuta e fapaneng ea AUDIT-C, HSI, le CAST ho bapisa lihlopha tse peli tsa libapali tsa video le libapali tseo e seng tsa video. MANOVA e bonts'a phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli. [F(3,1196) = 3.3, p = 0.02]. Ka ho khetheha, libapali tsa video li na le lintlha tse phahameng ho AUDIT-C (Bonferroni post hoc liteko, p = 0.106) le ho CAST (Bonferroni post hoc liteko, p = 0.207) ho feta libapali tse seng tsa video. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho phapang e fumanoeng ha ho hlahlojoa lintlha ho HSI (p = 0.538).

Re boetse ra etsa MANOVA e nang le lilemo tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebeliso ea joala qalong, tšebeliso ea koae le koae ka ho bapisa lihlopha tse peli tsa libapali tsa video le libapali tse seng tsa video. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho phapang e kholo e fumanoeng pakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli [F(3,153) = 0.965, p = 0.41] bakeng sa mefuta ena.

Tlhatlhobo ea Kamano

Lethathamo Lethathamo33 e bonts'a lihokelo pakeng tsa sekhahla sa PUVG; ho bolela lipalo tse ngata tsa AUDIT-C, HSI, le CAST le lilemo tsa ho sebelisa lithethefatsi qalong.

 

Lethathamo 3

Litokellano tsa Pearson lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa PUVG, nako e sebelisitsoeng ho bapala lipapali tsa video, palo ea AUDIT-C, HSI, CAST le lilemo ho ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi qalong..

Haeba re ela hloko feela ba tsubang (N = 100), re hlokomela khokahano ea bohlokoa lipakeng tsa lintlha ho PUVG le HSI (r = 0.19, p = 0.052). Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, haeba re nahana ka ba jang bakuli ba bang le masoba (N = 150) re hlokomela khokahano ea bohlokoa le e nepahetseng lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa bona ho PUVG le CAST (r = 0.27, p = 0.001).

Likarolo tse fapaneng tsa Linear

Re lekile mofuta oa morao-rao oa ho khutlisa molemong oa ho hlalosa palo ea PUVG (ho fapana hoa litšupiso) ke lintlha tsa AUDIT-C, HSI, CAST, lilemo tsa ts'ebeliso ea lintho (s) le nako e sebelisitsoeng ho bapala lipapali tsa video (ho letsatsi le / ntle le sekolo; mefuta e ikemetseng). Re lokela ho hlokomela hore tlhahlobo ena e kenyelletsa sampole e nyane ho feta ea pele, e nang le lithuto tsa 108 tse jang kapa tse sebelitseng lintho tse tharo. Mohlala ona oa ho hlakola o hlalositse 37.76% (R² = 0.3776) ea ho fapana ha sekhahla sa PUVG. Phetoho ea bohlokoa e hlalosoang mohlaleng ona ke nako e sebelisoang ho bapala lipapali tsa video ka letsatsi le sekolo (b* = 0.311; p = 0.018), tšebeliso ea lilemo tsa pele ho nako ea cannabis (b* = –0.25; p = 0.02) le lilemo tsa ho tsuba koae pele (b* = 0.22; p = 0.04) (Lethathamo (Tafole44).

 

Lethathamo 4

Liphetoho tse ngata tse nang le lintlha tsa PUVG li fapana ka mokhoa o itšetlehileng ka oona.

Re boetse re nkile bohato ba ho nyoloha ka mohato ka mohato (R² = 0.367). Nako e sebelisitsoeng ho bapala lipapali tsa video ka letsatsi la sekolo (b* = 0.292) le lilemo qalong tšebeliso ea cannabis (b* = –0.26; p <0.05) hape, lintlha ho HSI (b* = 0.148), nako e sebelisitsoeng ho bapala lipapali tsa video ka letsatsi ntle le sekolo (b* = 0.191), tšoaea ho CAST (b* = 0.153) le lilemo tsa pele ho tsuba koae (b* = 0.2; p > 0.05) e ne e le mefuta-futa, e khethiloeng ka mokhoa ona.

Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, re boetse re nkile bohato ba methati-kholoR² = 0.32). Nako e sebelisitsoeng ho bapala lipapali tsa video ka letsatsi la sekolo (b* = 0.446), ts'ebeliso ea lilemo tsa tšebeliso ea cannabis ea pele (b* = –0.18) le palo ea HSI (b* = 0.173; p <0.05) e ne e le mefuta-futa, e khethiloeng ka mokhoa ona.

Kahoo, nako e sebelisitsoeng ho bapala lipapali tsa video ka letsatsi la sekolo le lilemo tse pejana tsa tšebeliso ea li-cannabis pele li eketsa likotsi tsa ho ba le PUVG. Mefuta ena e 'meli e fumanoe e le bohlokoa mefuteng eohle ea regression e neng e lekoa (regression, ascendant, le seedeo).

Ho ata

Bacha ba rona ba lilemong tsa bocha (N = 1423), re fumane 92.1% ea libapali tsa video (N = 1289) le 17.7% ea libapali tsa video tse nang le PUVG (N = 211). Ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi (joala, koae le cannabis) bathong bana e ne e etsahala khafetsa, e tsamaeang le ho latela diketsahalo tsa mafu ho lingoliloeng (Currie et al., 2010; Spilka et al., 2012a). Tke ka hona, 8.3 le 19.8% ea bacha ba hlahisang likotsi tse mpe le lino tse tahang ka ho latellana mme 5.2% e bonts'a boikemelo bo matla ba ts'ebeliso e matla ea ho tsuba. Liperesente tsena ha li tšoane lipakeng tsa libapali tsa video le libapali tseo e seng tsa video.

Lipapali tsa video le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi

Libapali tsa video li na le tšebeliso e phahameng ea joala ho feta libapali tse seng tsa video. Hona ke phapang feela e kholo e fumanoeng lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli ha ho tluoa tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi. Liphetho tsa rona li ts'oana le tsa McClure and Mears (1986) bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea koae, empa e sa tsamaellane le litholoana tsa bona mabapi le tšebeliso ea joala. Ho bonahala eka ho pepesetsoa koae le cannabis ka lipapali tsa video ha ho bohlokoa joaloka ho pepesehela joala. Ebile, libapali tsa video li ne li na le menyetla e ts'oanang ea hore li jelle e 'ngoe ea lintho tsena tse tharo ho feta libapali tse seng tsa video. Liphetho tsa rona: (1) khahlano le tseo Barrientos-Gutiérrez et al. (2012) ba bonts'ang pejana ho tsuba koae har'a bacha ba pepesetsoeng litaba; (2) li lumellana le tsa Tucker et al. (2013) mabapi le menyetla e mengata ea tšebeliso ea joala ho libapali tse ncha tsa video.

Ho feta moo, liphetho tsa rona (MANOVA) li bonts'a hore ho na le bonyane liphapang tse peli lipakeng tsa libapali tsa video le libapali tse seng tsa video mabapi le lintlha tsa bona mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea lits'ila (joala, koae, cannabis). Leha ho le joalo, ha ho phapang e kholo e fumanoeng mabapi le lilemo qalong tšebeliso ea lihlopha tsena tse peli.

Nako O Iketsetse Ho Bapala Lipapali Tsa Video le Tšebeliso ea Lithethefatsi

Ha ho na phapang e kholo nakong eo a e qetileng a bapala lipapali tsa video lipakeng tsa bareki ba joala le ba cannabis le bao e seng bareki. Nako ena e ne e le telele haholo bakeng sa batho ba tsubang ho feta bao eseng ba tsubang. Liphetho tsena li tsamaisana le tsa Raiff et al. (2012). Nako e sebelisitsoeng ho bapala lipapali tsa video (ka letsatsi le nang le kapa le se nang sekolo) e amana hantle le lintlha tsa AUDIT-C, HSI, le CAST. Ntle le moo, liphetho tsa rona mabapi le tšebeliso ea joala ke: (1) e tsamaellanang le ea Wenzel et al. (2009) ea fumaneng hore tlhekefetso ea joala e eketseha ha nako e sebelisoa a bapala lipapali tsa video; (2) ha e lumellane le ea Armstrong et al. (2010), ea fumaneng hore ho noa joala ho ata khafetsa har'a bacha ba qetang nako e ngata ba bapala lipapali tsa video.

Ho tlameha ho hlokomeloe hore nako e teletsana e sebelisitsoeng ho bapala lipapali tsa video nakong ea letsatsi ntle le sekolo e amana le lilemo tsa pele tsa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa pele (joala, koae le cannabis). Liphetho tsena li lumellana le tsa Denniston et al. (2011) ea fumaneng hore, ho qalella joala (pele ho lilemo tsa 13), ho amana le tšebeliso ea hangata ea thelevishene, likhomphutha le lipapali tsa video. Ntle le moo, ho ne ho e-na le khokahano e nepahetseng pakeng tsa ho qeta nako ea ho bapala lipapali tsa video ka letsatsi la sekolo le lilemo ha ho ne ho qaloa ho sebelisoa koae le koae. Leha ho le joalo, khokahano ena e ka sitoa ho fetisoa ho fihlela lilemong tsa ts'ebeliso ea joala pele.

PUVG le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi

Boithuto ba pejana bo tsepamisitse maikutlo ho fumana khokahano kapa ketsahalo e amanang pakeng tsa PUVG le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi, joalo ka ha ho boletsoe pejana. Liphetho tsa rona ha li lumellane le lingoliloeng (Greenberg le al., 1999; Ream et al., 2011a,b; Walther et al., 2012) kaha lintlha tsa PUVG ha lia ka tsa fumanoa li kopantsoe le lintlha tse ngata tsa AUDIT-C, HSI, kapa CAST.

Ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lipapali tsa video e bonahala e amana le ho qalisoa ha lintho esale ho le teng hobane ho na le khokahano e mpe e mpe lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa PUVG le lilemo ho ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi pele (joala, koae le cannabis). Kahoo, lilemo tse qalang tsa ho qala li hokahane le kotsi e eketsehang ea PUVG. Ho tsebo ea rona, lintlha tsena ha li so fumanoe ke lithuto tse ling.

Ntle le moo, ke 36.76% feela ea phapang ea lintlha tsa PUVG e hlalositsoeng ke mohlala oa rona oa ho kenyeletsa o kenyelletsang lintlha tse ngata tsa AUDIT-C, HSI, CAST, lilemo tsa tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi pele le nako e sebelisitsoeng ho bapala lipapali tsa video (ka letsatsi le / ntle le sekolo) joalo ka tse fapaneng tse ikemetseng. Nako ea pele ea ho tsuba koae le koae, nako eo a e qetetseng a bapala lipapali tsa video ka letsatsi le sekolo a hlalosang phapang ena haholo. Mefuta e 'meli e neng e totobetse (ho sa sebelisoe mokhoa oa ho ikoetlisa o neng o sebelisoa), e sebelisitsoe nako ea ho bapala lipapali tsa video ka letsatsi la sekolo le lilemong tsa pele tsa ts'ebeliso ea pele ea cannabis.

sheba mefokolo ea

Hoa hlokomeleha hore thuto ea rona e na le mefokolo; ho qala ho tloha potso e lekang PUVG e thehiloeng ho DSM-IV-TR. Ntle le moo, mohlala oa rona e ne e le mohlala o bonolo: ho hloa metho ho etsoa feela likolong tse amohelang ka boithaopo ho nka karolo ho ithuteng. Lihlopha tsa libapali tsa video tse bapalang libapali tse seng tsa video le tse nang le PUVG kapa tse se nang PUVG ha li tšoane, tse sa re lumelle ho kenyelletsa kapa ho laola mefuta e meng e ferekanyang, joalo ka sephetho sa thuto. Ebile, ho latela bangoli ba bang (Chiu et al., 2004; Skoric et al., 2009), ho na le khokahano e mpe pakeng tsa PUVG le ts'ebetso ea thuto. Re ka bua hape ka meaho e fokolang ea malapa, e ka lebisang likotsi tsa ho itšepa (INSERM, 2014). Hape re ka bua ka bong, kaha bashanyana ba rata ho bapala ho feta banana (INSERM, 2014).

Ntle le moo, thuto ea boleng bo thehiloeng ho liteko tsa hetero e ka re lumella ho nchafatsa liphetho tsa rona, tseo hajoale li thehiloeng ho liteko tsa auto.

Tlhōlisano ea Tlhaloso

Sehlopha sa rona sa lipatlisiso se fumane chelete ho tsoa ho baetsi ba indasteri ea papali ea papali ea chelete (FDJ le PMU) le IREB (Institut de Recherches Scientifiques sur les Boissons— “Setsi sa Patlisiso ea Saense ka Lino”.

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