Raliphatlalatso: Khatello ea Lipapali tsa Inthanete: A Pathway Towards Assessment Consensus (2019)

Front Psychol. 2019; 10: 1822.

E hatisitsoe Inthaneteng 2019 Aug 6. doi: 10.3389 / fpsyg.2019.01822

PMCID: PMC6691168

PMID: 31447748

Vasileios Stavropoulos,1,2, * Rapson Gomez,3 'me Frosso Motti-Stefanidi2

Ts'ebeliso ea lipapali tsa video, ebang ke inthaneteng kapa kantle ho marang-rang, e eketsehile haholo, 'me hoo e batlang e le homogeniblely, ho potoloha lefatše ho theosa le mashome a lilemo a fetileng (Anderson et al., 2017). Boholo ba libapali bo ruile molemo kholisong ena e potlakileng, e nang le phello e ntle maemong a kelello, maikutlo, le boiketlo ba sechaba, hammoho le boiketlo ba bona ka kakaretso le ts'ebetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi (Jones et al., 2014).

Maemong ana, keketseho ea 'maraka oa lipapali tsa video e hlahisitse phaello e kholo bakeng sa indasteri e hlahisang lipapali, esita le menyetla ea mesebetsi bakeng sa libapali tse nang le tsebo le / kapa ba nang le boiphihlelo (Zhang le Fung, 2014). Leha ho le joalo, tsoelo-pele ena ea bohlokoa ntle le pelaelo papaling ea libapali tsa video e tsamaisane le ntlha e bohlokoa ka ho lekana bakeng sa sehlotšoana se sengata sa libapali, tse shebahalang li jeoa haholo ke ho kenya letsoho ha bona papaling (Stavropoulos et al., 2019a). Ho tlosoa ha sechaba, ho fokotseha ha thuto le ts'ebetso ea mosebetsi, hammoho le kotsi e kholo bakeng sa boits'oaro bo fapaneng ba kelello ea psychopathological ho kenyelletsa khatello ea maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha, tlhokomeliso le khatello ea kelello esita le lipontšo tsa Antisocial li hokahane le papali e feteletseng (Stavropoulos et al., 2019b).

Liphetho tsena tse mpe li lebisitse ho amoheloeng ha mantsoe le litlhaloso tse fapaneng tse ikemiselitseng ho utloisisa tlhekefetso ea papali e le khatello ea kelello ea kelello (Kuss et al., 2017). Leha a le heterogeneity ka mantsoe a sebelisitsoeng ho hlalosa ketsahalo ena, tlhoko ea ho amohela boteng ba mokhatlo o ikhethileng o amanang le papali e senyehileng e ile ea totobala (Petry et al., 2014). Kamora nako, tlhoko ea ho hlalosa mohala o nepahetseng lipakeng tsa papali e sa hlatheng le e lumellanang, e le ho qoba ts'ebetso ea papali ea boithabiso, e se e hatelletse (Kardefelt-Winther et al., 2017). Motseng ona, nts'etsopele ea meeli e hlakileng ea tlhahlobo lipakeng tsa libapali tse sa senyehang le mekhatlo e meng ea kliniki, e tla lumella tlhahlobo e khethollang, e hlahile e le sepheo sa bohlokoa (Scerri et al., 2019).

American Psychiatric Association ho 5th khatiso ea Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorder (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) e hlahisitse tokiso ea nakoana ea Tlhaloso ea Lipapali ea Inthanete (IGD), mme e meme bo-rasaense ho etsa lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng ka taba eo. Ntle le moo, Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo ho phatlalatso ea 11th ea International Classization of Diseases (ICD-11; Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo, 2019) haufinyane tjena e kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea Gaming Disorder (GD) tsamaisong ea eona ea sehlopha. Lintlafatso tsena li kentse letsoho haholo ho rarolla litlhoko tsena.

Leha ho le joalo, tumellano e lekanyelitsoeng ka tlhaloso ea moaho e fihletsoeng, e fanang ka tlhoko e hlokahalang bakeng sa tlhahlobo e nepileng le e tšepahalang ea boitšoaro ba lipapali tse senyehileng, ha e ea lekana (Stavropoulos et al., 2019a,b,c). Ho hlokahala thepa e lekaneng ea psychometric ea sekala se sebelisitsoeng, ho lekola likarolo tse sa sebetseng tsa papali, tse hlokehang bakeng sa tekanyetso e nepahetseng le papiso ea linaha tse fapaneng ea sekhahla sa keketseho le ketsahalo ea lefu lena (Gomez et al., 2018). Ka hona, nts'etsopele ea litekanyetso tse nepahetseng tsa tlhahlobo tse ka lemosang litloaelo le lits'oaetso tsa ts'ireletso / lits'oaetso ho litsi tsohle tsa batho ba fapaneng li ea hlokahala (Stavropoulos et al., 2018). Ho khahlisang ke hore, le ha ho sa na le phehisano e atisang ho lula e phetoa le e ferekanyang hangata e mabapi le meaho ea lipapatso e senotsoeng, tlhoko ea mehato e matla ea ho lekanya maemo a kelello e hatelitsoe (Stavropoulos et al., 2018). Moleng oo, ho entsoe tsoelo-pele ea bohlokoa mabapi le ho hlalosa, ho utloisisa le ho tiisa: (a) Sebopeho sa boitšoaro; (b) Litekanyetso le lintlha tse fapaneng li fetolela joang (metric le scalar invariance) ho palo ea baahi; (c) Morero oa tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo e sebetsang (ka tšebeliso ea khopolo ea karabelo ea ntho) le; (d) botsitso ba psychometric ba tekanyo ea lipapali tse senyehileng ho feta nako (Kuss et al., 2017; De Palo et al., 2018; Gomez et al., 2018; Pontes et al., 2019; Stavropoulos et al., 2019c).

Maemong ana, sepheo sa sehlooho se ikhethileng sa sehlooho ke ho kenya letsoho lipuisanong tse tsoelang pele mabapi le ketsahalo ena. Lithuto tsena li ne li kenyelletsa sampole e sebelisitsoeng molemong oa bochaba le tsoelo-pele, le maemo a tsoang Iran (Lin et al.), USA (Sprong et al.), Norway (Finserås et al.), Italy (Vegni et al.), Greece, Cyprus, le Australia (Hu et al.). E ikhethileng ea bong ba marang-rang (Lopez-Fernandez et al.) le lits'ebetso tsa ho bokella lifahleho le sefahleho (Sprong et al.) li sebelisitsoe, ka kopanelo ea mefuta e mengata e fapaneng le mekhoa ea ho sekaseka ho tloha ho Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA; Hu et al.), Tlhahlobo ea Mokken (Finserås et al.), Tlhatlhobo ea Rash (Lin et al.), Khopolo ea Teko ea Classical (Hu et al.), Likhatiso tse thata (Lopez-Fernandez et al.), le tataiso ea PRISMA bakeng sa litlhahlobo tsa lingoliloeng tse hlophisitsoeng (Costa le Kuss). Sekala se senyehileng sa lipapali se ile sa hlahlojoa ka mokhoa o tšoanang (Lin et al.), ho batonaLopez-Fernandez et al.), ha ho ntse ho hlahlojoa tšebetso e fapaneng ea litekanyetso tsa lipapali tsa lipapali (Lin et al.; Sprong et al.; Finserås et al.).

Liphumano tsa sehlooho sena se ikhethileng li kenya letsoho ho lingolo tse fumanehang ka ho hlakisa lintlha tse ngata tse lipuisano tse ngata, leha ho le joalo, tsa bohlokoa, tsa tlhahlobo le litekanyetso tsa boitšoaro ba lipapatso tse sa lumellaneng. Ka mokhoa o ikhethang: (a) kenyelletso ea sepheo sa papali e le karolo ea tlhahlobo ea boits'oaro ba lipapali tse se nang tumelo e tšehelitsoe ke Sprong et al.; (b) Litekanyetso tsa setso tsa boipuso, tlholisano le boits'oaro (maemong a bonts'a motho ka mong) li khothalelitsoe ho ferekanya tlhahlobo ea boemo ba boiphihlelo ba ho ananeloa ke ts'ebetso ea papali (flow online; Hu et al.); (c) ho ile ha hatisoa bohlokoa ba ho totobatsa libapali tsa basali le tlhahlobo ea bona e khethehileng (Lopez-Fernandez et al.); (d) ho bonts'oa ho lieha ho hira ha litekanyetso / litlhahlobo tse tšoanang lithutong tsa libapali tse nang le tšoaetso ea mafu a tšoaelitsoeng (Costa le Kuss); le (e) likamano tse mabapi le boits'oaro ba boitšoaro ba papali ea chelete har'a batho ba banyenyane li ile tsa hlaka haholoanyane molemong oa lingoliloeng tse pharaletseng (Vegni et al.).

Leha ho le joalo, liphephetso lebaleng la liteko tsa lipapali tsa lipapali tse sa lumellaneng li ntse li le teng. Litsebi li tsoela pele ho hanana mabapi le mofuta oa boitšoaro (Kardefelt-Winther et al., 2017), lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tse sitisang phapang ea machabeng li ntse li sebelisoa (Costa le Kuss), ha palo ea litekanyetso tsa tlhahlobo ea maiketsetso, e shebane haholo le litaba tse hlahang mabapi le scalar (hore na lintlha tse ts'oanang li bonts'a ho ts'oana ho tšoanang) ho palo ea ba batona, litso le mekhahlelo ea ntlafatso (leha e ntse e eketseha) e sa tloaelehang (Stavropoulos et al., 2018, 2019c). Ts'ebeliso ea mekhoa ea sejoale-joale ea psychometric joalo ka tlhahlobo ea marang-rang e ka bonts'ang sebopeho sa mekhatlo pakeng tsa mekhoa e fapaneng, e le sieo; ha ho ntse ho na le tlhoko e tšoanang ea lithuto tsa Item Response Theory ea ho hlaseloa ka nepo ho hlakisa ts'ebetso e fapaneng ea tlhahlobo ea litekanyetso tse itseng ho pholletsa le lipalo tse fapaneng (Gomez et al., 2018). Moelelong ona, sephetho sa rona se habeli. Taba ea pele, ke hore ka boikemisetso ba ho theha kapa ho se lumellane ho potoloha moelelo oa libapali tse sa senyehang joalo ka ha ho hahiloe (Petry et al., 2014), tlhahlobo le taeo ea tekanyo mabapi le litlhaloso tse tsebisitsoeng ka molao tsa DSM-5 (Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Psychiatric, 2013) le ICD-11 (Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo, 2019) e bohlokoa. Khalemelo e joalo e lebelletsoe ho netefatsa ho ata le ho nepahala ha tlhahlobo ea bongaka mabapi le boits'oaro bo hlephileng ba lipapali tse hlahisoang lefatšeng ka bophara le ho ntlafatsa haholo ts'ebetso ea bona ea tlhahlobo. Taba ea bobeli ke tsoelo-pele ea bohlokoa ea psychometric le setso molemong tšimong, haholo kamora ho hlahisoa ha tlhaloso ea IGD (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) le kholo ea lefats'e ea sekala se amanang le IGD se bohlokoa ho amoheloa le ho sebelisoa.

Ts'ebetso tsohle tse entsoeng thutong e amang karolo ea batho ba neng ba nkile karolo li ne li ipapisitse le litekanyetso tsa boitšoaro tsa setheo le / kapa komiti ea lipatlisiso tsa naha le polelo ea 1964 Helsinki le liphetoho tsa eona tsa morao-rao kapa litekanyetso tse tšoanang tsa melao ea boitšoaro. Sengoloa sena ha se na lithuto le liphoofolo tse entsoeng ke lingoli. Ho fumanoe tumello e fumanoeng ho tsoa ho bohle ba neng ba kenyellelitsoe thutong.

Menehelo ea Mongoli

VS le RG li kentse letsoho tlhahlobisong ea lingoliloeng, sebopeho, le tatellano ea mabaka a theory. FM-S e kentse letsoho ho kopantseng theoretical mosebetsing oa hona joale, ea ntlafatsa le ho hlophisa mongolo oa ho qetela.

Tlhōlisano ea Tlhaloso

Bangoli ba bolela hore lipatlisiso li ne li etsoa ka ho se be le likamano leha e le life tsa khoebo kapa tsa lichelete tse ka nkoang e le khohlano e ka 'nang ea e-ba le thahasello.

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