Ho ikoetlisa bakeng sa lithethefatsi tsa smartphone (2013)

J Exerc Rehabil. 2013 Dec 31;9(6):500-505.

inahaneloang

Bokhoba ba marang-rang ka mor'a ho tsebisa smartphone bo ntse bo mpefala. Ka hona pampiri ena e lekile ho qaqisa kalafo e fapa-fapaneng ea bokhoba ba tahi ebe e sheba hore na menyetla ea boikoetliso e ka ba teng joang. Lebaka la ho lemalla marang-rang kapa smartphone ke batho ba ikhethang bao ho buuoang ka bona ka botho bo amanang le kelello le maikutlo le maemo a tikoloho a ba potileng. Re bontšitse hore mekhoa e hlakileng ea 2 e bakoang ke mabaka a fapaneng a 2: seo ke kalafo ea boitšoaro le kalafo e tlatselletsang. Tabeng ea kalafo ea boits'oaro, mekhoa ea boits'oaro ea kelello (CBT) ke mekhoa e emelang ho fetola menahano le boits'oaro bo eketsang. Puisano ea motataisi (MI) hape ke mokhoa o mokhuts'oane bakeng sa batho ba sa ikemiselitseng ho fetola boitšoaro ba bona. Tlhokomelo ea kalafo e nang le boits'oaro bo hlokolosi (MBCT) le kalafo e fetotsoeng ho latela CBT. Ho na le mefuta e fapaneng e latelang ntlha e hatisang, thibelo ea kelello e thehiloeng ho ho khutlisetsoa ka kelellong (MBRP) kapa ntlafatso ea kelello ea ho hlaphoheloa kelellong (MORE). Ho totobetse hore boithabiso ba kalafo, kalafo ea 'mino e sebelisang mosebetsi oa drumming, le kalafo ea bonono ke kalafo e tlatselletsang. Ntlafatso ea boikoetliso e ne e e-na le lits'ebetso tse hlophisehileng le mesebetsi e felletseng ha e bapisoa le kalafo ea tlhekefetso e tlisoang ke litlatsetso le mekhoa. Ho ikoetlisa ho ikoetlisa ho ka phekola matšoao a 'mele qalong le mathata a kelello mohato o latelang. Kahoo lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng tse thehiloeng ho koetliso ea boikoetliso li hloka ho etsoa, ​​empa ho ka etsahala haholo hore boikoetliso ba boikoetliso bo ka etsa kopo ea ho lemalla li-smartphone.

Keywords: Tebello ea li-smartphone, Ho hlasimolla boikoetliso, Phekolo ea boitšoaro bo botle, Phekolo e tlatselletsang

SELELEKELA

Tekanyo ea ho kenella ea lifono tse bohlale Korea e tlalehiloe 67.6% e le #1 ea lefats'e ka June, 2013. Ena ke linako tsa 4.6 tsa tekanyo ea karolelano ea lefatše, 14.8% le 10% e phahame ho feta Norway e behiloe boemong ba bobeli ba ho kenella ka matla (55.0%). Tabeng ea 2012, seretse sa "Anypang" se ne se phatloha Korea. Palo ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea papali eo e ne e le 10milion. Ho bolela hore hoo e batlang e le batho bohle ba sebelisang fono e bohlale ba neng ba bapala Anypang (Jung, 2012).

Ho latela "2011 Internet addiction Survey" e etsoang ke Khomishene ea Nts'etsopele ea Inthanete ea Korea le Khomishene ea Khokahano, 8.4% ea batho ba Korea ba ne ba lemaletse smartphone haholo. Karolelano ea ho lemalla li-smartphone e phahame ho feta bokhoba bohle ba marang-rang. Bothata ke hore 11.4% ea moloko oa 10 10.4% ea moloko oa 20 e ne e lemaletse smartphone.

Sesosa sa bokhoba ba ts'ebeliso ea matla ke mosebetsi o fumanehang oa li-computer tse ngata tse kang sebapali sa media se nkehang, sesebelisoa se potlakileng sa Wi-Fi. Smartphone e tšoereng ka letsohong e ka kena inthaneteng habonolo le ka mokhoa o bonolo ho feta PC. Lisebelisoa tse ngata tse fapaneng le lipapali tsa smartphone li ntse li etsoa.

Sebopeho se akaretsang sa bokhoba ba marang-rang se ka aroloa ho papali, moqoqo, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​empa tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi ea smartphone e ka baka sehlopha se secha sa tlatsetso se kang SNS kapa kenyelletso ea app. Ntle le moo, ha ho bapisoa le media o mong, smartphone e hloka ho kenella le ho etsa lintho ka hlooho, khokahano ea hang-hang le tšebelisano ea sechaba joalo ka papali e ama ho qoelisoa le papaling.

Ofisi ea Thuto ea Seoul Metropolitan e hlahlobile tloaelo ea ho sebelisa marang-rang a bana ba sekolo se mahareng le ba sekolo se phahameng ka Hlakubele, 2013. Ha sephetho, 6.51% ea palo eohle ea basebelisi ba smartphone ba sebelisitse fono haholo. Har'a bona, liithuti tsa 4,585 (1.81%) e ne e le basebelisi ba kotsi; ba ke ke ba etsa mosebetsi oa sekolo hantle, likamano tsa batho mme ba ikutloa ba tšoenyehile maikutlong le bolutu ntle le ho sebelisa smartphone (Litaba tse fumanehang marang-rang, 2013).

Ho lemalla li-smartphone ha se bothata ba motho. Ho lemalla li-smartphone ho bakile mathata a tebileng a tlhekefetso, haholo ho barutoana. Ena ke nako ea ho fumana tsela ea ho nchafatsa bokhobeng ba li-smartphone maemong a naha. Ha re ntse re hlahloba thuto e fetileng mabapi le bokhoba ba marang-rang, lipatlisiso tsa tlatsetso bakeng sa ho khutlisa hape li sa le tlase li ntse li theha kalafo ea bona ea mantlha. Tabeng ea bokhoba, ntle le pharmacotherapy, mokhoa oa boitšoaro ho tsosa maikutlo le boitšoaro o sebelisitsoe ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng. E 'ngoe ea litšobotsi tse ikhethang tse sebelisitsoeng sesebelisoa sena ke hore kalafo e fapaneng e amohetsoe ho thusa batho ba lemaletseng.

Khomishene ea ts'ireletso ea bacha Korea e ntlafalitse kalafo ea ts'ebeliso ea litheko tsa inthanete le mofuta oa ts'oaetso ea 2004. Kamora 2005 ba qetile kampo ea malapa ea bacha bakeng sa ho lemalla marang-rang le mananeo a pholiso ea tlhaho ka Korea le setso sa setso se tala ho 2007 (Khomishene ea Ts'ireletso ea Bacha, 2008). Ha ho hlahlojoa kampo le lenaneo le leng la bokhoba ba lithethefatsi, ho na le meleko e ntseng e hola ea ho phekola lekhoba leo eseng ho tsepamisa maikutlo kalafong ea khale.

Ka hona pampiri ena e leka ho lekola liphekolo tsa bokhoba ba tahi mabapi le bokhoba bo akaretsang le bokhoba ba li-smartphone ho tsoa lipatlisisong tse fetileng mme bo fana ka monyetla oa ho ntlafatsa boikoetliso bakeng sa ho lemalla li-smartphone.

TLHOKOMELISO E FELENG LE E FELENG

Ho lemalla li-smartphone ke eng?

Ho na le mefuta ea 2 ea bokhoba ba tahi, e 'ngoe ke bokhoba ba lithethefatsi joalo ka lithethefatsi, joala mme e' ngoe ke boitšoaro ba liketso tse kang papali, marang-rang, esita le smartphone. Ka bomalimabe, ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang e hanela kalafo, e kenyelletsa likotsi tse kholo mme e na le litheko tse phahameng tsa ho khutlela morao (Thibela, 2008). Tabeng ea smartphone, ho na le lipatlisiso tse fokolang tse entsoeng. Ho lemalla li-smartphone ho na le likarolo tse ngata tse ts'oanang le bokhoba ba marang-rang mme ka tsela ena litekanyetso tsa ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang li lokela ho tsotelloa ha ho etsoa mekhoa ea ho lemalla li-smartphone. Kahoo thuto ena e batlile kalafo ea marang-rang ea ho lemalla bokhoba ba marang-rang bakeng sa ho phekola bokhoba ba smartphone.

Mantsoe a tlhekefetso ea marang-rang a fumanoe a ipapisitse le tataiso ea Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, VI-TR tlhaloso ea tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi le ho becha ka methapo ea methapo (America Psychiatric Association, 2000), empa hajoale e hlalositsoe tlasa mofuta oa bothata ba taolo ea tšusumetso, ntle le ho hlalosoa ka tsela e 'ngoe.

Dr. Ivan Goldberg o qalile ho qapa poleloana ea ho lemalla lithethefatsi marang-rang (IAD) bakeng sa tšebeliso ea marang-rang e khothalletsang tšebeliso ea marang-rang (Brenner, 1997). Bokhoba ba inthanete ke polelo e akaretsang e tšoaeang mathata a mahlano a amanang le marang-rang: ho lemalla thobalano ka thobalano, ho lemalla likamano tsa botona le botšehali, ho qhekelloa ka tekano, ho fumana boitsebiso bo bongata le ho lemalla lipapali tsa k'homphieutha tse sebetsang.Young le al., 1999). Matšoao a bokhoba ba marang-rang a kenyelletsa ho itšehla thajana, ho se utloane ka lapeng, tlhalo, ho se atlehe lithutong, ho lahleheloa ke mosebetsi le mokoloto (Young le al., 1999).

Lisosa le matšoao

Mokhoa o atamelaneng le lithuto tsa pejana, lipatlisiso li fane ka lebaka leo batho ba lemaletseng marang-rang. Bokhoba ba marang-rang bo amana le lintlha tsa 3, tseo ke litšobotsi tse ikhethileng tsa inthanete, litšobotsi tsa maikutlo le maikutlo a botho le litšobotsi tsa tikoloho ea sechaba le tikoloho (Choi le Han, 2006; Kim et al., 2006).

Ka kakaretso batho ba nang le litšobotsi tsa kelello le maikutlo joalo ka khatello ea maikutlo, ho jeoa ke bolutu, matšoenyeho a sechaba, ho se ts'oenyehe, ho sitisoa (Kim, 2001) bonolo ho lemalla inthanete. Sebaka seo phihlello ea marang-rang, boholo ba nako ea ho sebelisa marang-rang, likamano tsa lithaka le tsona li amana le tšenyo.

Tlatsetso ea inthanete e baka mathata a 'mele le a kelello. E khopisa matšoao a 'mele joalo ka maqhubu a ommeng, carpal tunnel syndrome, likotsi tse pheta-phetoang, letheka, molala, mokokotlo le mahetla, hlooho ea migraine le ho akheha le ho opeloa ke menoana le menoana e bohareng. Joalo Patlisiso e entsoeng ke bacha (1999), liperesente tse mashome a mahlano a metso e mene tsa batho ba lemaletseng Inthanete ba tlaleha nalane ea khatello ea maikutlo nakong e fetileng; 34% e nang le bothata ba ho tšoenyeha; le 52% e nang le nalane ea joala le lithethefatsi.

PUSELETSO LITLHAKU

Phekolo ea boitšoaro

Kamora lithuto tse fetileng, lintlha tsa hau li ka bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebelisong ea marang-rang le nts'etsopele ea temallo ea inthanete. Botho ba bongoana bo neng bo tsamaisana hantle le bokhoba ba marang-rang bo ne bo kenyelletsa ho qoba kotsi e kholo, ho itšepa moputso, ho itšepa ho tlase le ts'ebelisano e tlase (Weinstein le Lejoyeau, 2010). Ho atleha hantle lithutong ho ka amahanngoa le boitšepo bo fokolang le mathata a boits'oaro a joalo ka bothata ba ho robala, matšoao a mabifi kapa a sithabetsang, ho tlohela sekolo, ho hloka botho ha motho le tlhekefetso ea joala (Valdez et al., 2011). Bacha ba nang le katleho e phahameng ea thuto hangata ba fumana tlhompho e nyane ho tsoa ho batho ba haufi, mme katleho e fokolang ea thuto e ka amahanngoa le ho itšepa tlaase le mathata a boits'oaro bo kang ho robala ka tšohanyetso, matšoao a mabifi kapa a nyahamisang, ho tlohela sekolo, ho hloka botho ho khahlisang le tlhekefetso ea joala. . Mefuta eo ea maikutlo le ho itšehla thajana li ka etsa hore bacha bana ba kene inthaneteng ho ea batla maikutlo a ho ba motho ea khotsofetseng le ea ho ikhotsofatsa.

Boithuto bo bongata bo shebile likamano lipakeng tsa semelo sa kelello le bokhoba ba marang-rang (Choi et al., 2006). Phekolo ea khale e ne e tsepamisitse maikutlo linthong tse kang ho itšepa tlaase le matšoao a mabifi le a sithabetsang. Taba e ka sehloohong ea kalafo ea khale ke hore na u ka fetola maikutlo le menahano ea motho joang.

Mokhoa oa boits'oaro oa kelello (CBT)

CBT ke tlhokomelo e tloaelehileng ea bophelo bo botle ba kelello bakeng sa ho nts'etsapele matšoao a kelello joalo ka lefu le bonojoana le khatello. CBT e ka thusa motho ea nang le bothata ba ho lemalla ts'ebeliso ea inthanete ho lemoha menahano le maikutlo a etsang hore motho a sebelise k'homphieutha hampe ho fihlela litlhoko tsa hae (Orzack, 1999).

Ka kakaretso, CBT ke mokhoa o sebetsang oa ho phekola tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi, khatello ea maikutlo le matšoenyeho litabeng tsa tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi le bokhoba ba lithethefatsi. .Kantle ho sena, ho na le bopaki ba ho fana ka maikutlo a hore ts'ebeliso ea mekhoa e kopaneng ea ho sebetsana le khatello ea maikutlo le tšebeliso e mpe ea joala e na le katleho e phahameng haholo (Baker et al., 2010; Magil le Ray, 2009).

Nako ea CBT e qalile ho hlaha libukeng tsa mahlale ho li-1970 tse thehiloeng khopolong ea Beck mme esale e le kalafo ea khetho bakeng sa bongata bo bongata ba mathata a boitšoaro, a maikutlo le a kelello. Ho fihla hajoale e se e lekoa ka matla bakeng sa litaba tse fapaneng tse kenyeletsang mathata a ho tšoenyeha, khatello ea maikutlo, mathata a khothalletsang tšabo, mathata a ho ja le ho lemalla (Frank, 2004).

CBT ke motsoako oa mekhoa e ikhethileng ea 2 ho psychology. CBT e sebetsana le ho sebelisana ha mehopolo, maikutlo, maikutlo le boitšoaro. E sebelisa ts'ebetso ea kelello ho thusa bareki ho lemoha menahano e mebe le maano a boits'oaro a ba thusa ho khetholla boits'ebetso bo thusang le bo seng masene.

Karolo ea CBT ke ho khetholla ka hloko mekhoa e hlakileng e khethollang boitšoaro le ho etsa liqeto le ho fana ka leseli holima ts'ebetso ea ho khutla le maemo a kelello le karabelo tse tlohelang motho a le kotsing ea tharollo ea khale. Ho na le methati ea 5 ea ho fetola boitšoaro bo eketsehileng. Hoo ke ho nahanisisa, ho nahanisisa, ho lokisa, ho hlokomela le ho emisa. Boemong ba pele ho ho nahanisisoa, setsebi se tsepamisa maikutlo ho rarolla bothata ba hore ho na le bothata bo boholo ka tšebeliso ea likhomphutha. Boemong ba ho nahanisisa, motho ka mong o lemoha tlhoko ea phetoho, empa takatso ea ho fetoha e kanna ea se be matla mme maikutlo kapa ho imeloa ho ka ba teng. Boemong ba litokisetso, motho o ikemiselitse ho theha moralo oa ho rarolla bothata. Nako ea ho lokisa e qala ha motho a ikutloa a le taolo holim'a tšebeliso ea likhomphutha mme a beha matla a fokolang phetohong ea boits'oaro. Mokhahlelo oa ho qetela, ho felisoa ho na le sepheo sa ho thibela ho khutlela morao.

CBT ha e bue feela ka ho etsa liphetoho tse ikhethileng le tse boletsoeng menahanong le boits'oarong empa e boetse e etsa hore bareki e be baaniki ba bona. Sena se tla ba nolofalletsa ho sebelisa thuto e ntlafalitsoeng le lipakeng tsa linako ho ea bophelong ka kakaretso.

Puisano le Motivational (MI)

MI ke mokhoa o mokhuts'oane, o nang le mamello, o tataisang khetho le boikarabello ba motho. Ka kakaretso, MI ke liphephetso tse kholo ho fetisisa tse tobaneng le lits'ebeletso tsa kalafo ea tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi. Boholo ke batho ba lemaletseng ho hong, ba hana bothata mme ha ba batle ho nchafatsa. Kahoo ho batho ba sa ikemiselitseng ho fetola boitšoaro ba bona, MI e kanna ea thusa (Merlo le Khauta, 2008).

Phekolo ea kalafo e nang le mekhoa e hlokolosi (MBCT)

Zindel Segal le basebetsi-mmoho ba fumane tharollo ho khonehang ho etseng 'mind mind' - mofuta oa ho thuisa ho thusang batho ho hlaphoheloa menahanong e litšila le menahanong e utloisang bohloko (Segal, Williams le Teasdale, 2011). MBCT e hlahile e thibela ho khutla hape ho bakuli ba nang le liketsahalo tse tharo le ho feta tsa khatello ea maikutlo. Ha e le hantle, bokhoba ke tloaelo. Motho ea lemalloang ho lumeloa hore o iketsetsa feela kapa 'a sa nahane' ka ho ba le temohisiso e fokolang ea 'nete ea litekanyetso le ho baka tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi. Morero oa ho khothaletsa kelello ho ka paka hore o bohlokoa ho loantseng bokhoba ba tahi (Frank, 2004).

Thibelo ea ho khutlisetsoa kelellong e thehiloeng kelellong (MBRP) ke lebitso le leng la MBCT. MBRP ke thuto ea kelello e kopanyang maano a thibelo ea boits'ireletso ea kelello le boits'oaro bo botle le boithuto ba kelello. Morero oa sepheo sa MBRP ke ho thusa bakuli ho mamella maemo a sa tsitsang, joalo ka ho lakatsa le ho ba le maikutlo a thata. Ho sisinyeha ka kelello ho kenyelletsa ho otlolla bobebe le metsamao e meng e bonolo ea bonolo.

Ntlafatso ea ntlafatso ea kelello e nang le kelello (MORE) e fetotsoe ho tsoa ho MBCT bakeng sa bukana ea kalafo ea khatello ea maikutlo. MBRP le HO EKETSEHILENG hape ke lenaneo le shebaneng le mekhoa ea ho thuisa ho sebetsana le litakatso, hammoho le thuto le koetliso mabapi le mokhoa oa ho khetholla le ho fetola kapa ka boomo, lits'ebetso tsa kelello tse kang ho hatella mehopolo, ho rata le ho hokahanya (Garlandet al., 2011).

Phekolo e tlatselletsang

Liphuputso tse fetileng li ngotse hore tikoloho ea lelapa la mocha e na le tšekamelo ea ho lemalla bosholu ba marang-rang ba lilemong tsa bocha (Nam, 2008). Ho feta moo, liphuputso tse 'maloa Korea Boroa li fumane lintlha tsa lelapa tse susumetsang bokhoba ba marang-rang ho bacha. Ho na le lipatlisiso tse ngata mabapi le likamano lipakeng tsa lintho tse sireletsang tse kang moea oa botsoali, puisano le tšebelisano kahare ho malapa le bokhoba ba marang-rang har'a bacha.Hwang, 2000; Kim, 2001; Nam, 2008).

Phekolo e tlatselletsang e shebile haholo lintlha tsa tikoloho mme e sebelisa liketso tse fapaneng ho phekola bokhoba ba marang-rang. Ho na le lithuto tse ngata tsa ho fumana mesebetsi e tobileng e kang 'mino, bonono esita le boikoetliso bakeng sa ho theola sekhahla sa tlatsetso ea smartphone.

Boithabiso ba kalafo

Boikhathollo ba kalafo ke ho kenella hoa bophelo ba boikhathollo. Boithabiso ba kalafo ke mokhoa o hlophisehileng le o tataisang oa boiphihlelo ba boithabiso ba boleng bo phahameng le nts'etsopele ea matla a botho le a tikoloho, e lebisang ho boiketlo bo boholo ho batho bao, ka lebaka la liphephetso ba ka ba le bona mabapi le bokuli, boqhekanyetsi kapa maemo a mang a bophelo. hloka thuso ea motho ka mong ho fihlela sepheo le litoro tsa bona (Anderson le Heyne, 2012). Ho na le mekhoa e mengata ea ho thusa ho fihlela sepheo.

Ke lithuto tse fokolang tse ileng tsa hlahloba hore na mohloli o kang oa boithabiso o ka ba le kamano efe pakeng tsa khatello ea maikutlo le bophelo bo botle ba banna ba baholo. Lintlha tse tsoang ho Normative Aging Study (NAS) li sebelisitsoe ho hlahloba hore na lihlopha tse ikhethileng tsa boithabiso (tsa sechaba, tsa boinotšing le tse kopaneng; mesebetsi e etsoang e le mong kapa le ba bang) e ile ea lekola phello ea khatello ea bophelo bo botle ba banna ba baholo le hore na ho na le e ne e le phapang lipakeng tsa phello ena lipakeng tsa banna ba shoetsoeng le ba sa nyelitsoeng. Mohlala oa banna ba 799 o ne o arotsoe ka lihlopha tse peli: sehlopha se hlotsoe ke ba lelapa le metsoalle le sehlopha sa ba sa nyelitsoeng. Hierarchical regression ea sekaseka e bapisa mohlala oa pele, mohlala o tobileng oa phello, le moderating. Liphetho li bontša hore bakeng sa lihlopha tsena tsa banna, boithabiso bo kopaneng bo ile ba thusa phello ea khatello ea maikutlo 'meleng empa eseng kelellong. Ntle le moo, bakeng sa sehlopha se hlokahalletsoeng, mesebetsi ea boiketlo ba sechaba e ile ea ntlafatsa litlamorao tsa khatello ea maikutlo 'meleng. Litlamorao tse mpe tsa likhatello tsa bophelo (ntle le ho shoeloa) li ka fetoloa ka ho etsa boithabiso ho banna ba tsofetseng ba seng lenyalong le ba sa nyaloang. Litlamorao tsa liphumano tsa boikoetliso ba nako e tlang le lipatlisiso li tšohloa (Fitzpatrick et al., 2001).

Mesebetsi ea lelapa le kantle ho lelapa hammoho le ho nka karolo le ho tšehetsoa ke batsoali ho fokotsa litšekamelo. Ho hlokomela batsoali ke lintho tse thibelang bacha ho lemalla Inthanete. Ka hona, mocha o lokela ho beoa leihlo ho linako tsa bona tsa letsatsi le letsatsi le ho khothaletsoa ho nka karolo mesebetsing ea lelapa le kantle. Ho feta moo, bacha ba lokela ho ba le maikutlo a nepahetseng mabapi le boikhathollo le bokhoni ba ho thibela ho itšepa ho feta tekano likamanong tsa marang-rang (Chien et al., 2009)

Batho ba lemaletseng Inthanete e ka ba mokhoa oa boithabiso o fosahetseng. Batho ba lemaletseng Inthanete hangata ba tobana le mathata a tsamaiso ea nako. Sena se bolela kabo e sa leka-lekaneng ea nako le ho teneha le ho se khotsofale ho tsoa mesebetsing e sa thabiseng ea boikhathollo ho ka susumetsoa ho batla mokhoa o mong o fapaneng - Marang-rang.

Papali e kotsing e kholo ea batho ba lemaletseng batho ba bangata ha ba ea boithabisong bo bongata le malapa ha ba bapisoa le batho ba lemaletseng lipapali tse kotsi. Ha ba ntse ba kenella papaling, ba batla ho etsa lintho tsa ho itlosa bolutu ka ho ithabisa. Ba ile ba araba mesebetsing ea boithabiso e nkang karolo le metsoalle (46.4%) kapa malapa (27.6%). 65.3% ea bacha ba lemaletseng papali ea papali ba batla ho nka karolo boithabisong ba lelapa. Ntho e sa tloaelehang ke baithuti ba ruileng kapa ba nang le batsoali ba rutehileng haholo le bona ba lemaletse papali.

Phekolo ea 'mino: Mesebetsi ea ho akheha

Lingoliloeng tsa morao-rao li senola tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi. Lenaneo le kenyellelitse ho otla le ho amanang le mesebetsi ea sechaba le ea shamanic ho tsa tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi (Michel, 2003).

Li-circumming li na le karolo ea bohlokoa e le pheko ea tlatsetso e tlatselletsang, haholo bakeng sa ho khutla hape le ha mekhoa e meng ea tlhabollo e sa atleha.

Ho otsela ho ntlafatsa pherekano ea hypnotic, ho eketsa boikhathollo mme ho etsa hore u be le liphihlelo tsa shamanic (Mandell, 1980). Ho ts'oaroa le ho tsosa molumo o mong oa morethetho o rarahaneng ho etsa hore ho be le mokhoa oa ho khanna ho ea bokong, haholoholo ho tsekisanoang le maikutlo le melata. Liphetoho tsa 'mele tse amanang le ASC li thusa ho folisa le ho phomola kelellong: ho itlhomme tsamaiso ea mekhoa ea' mele: ho fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha, le maikutlo a phobic: litla-morao tsa maikutlo; ho fihlella tlhaiso-leseling e sa tsebeng letho ka matšoao a bonoang le lipontšo tsa analogical; ho kenyelletsa ho kopanya ho kopanetsoeng, ho hokahanya le ho nolofalletsa ho kopanya kelello le maikutlo a kopanetsoeng sechabeng (Mandell, 1980).

Therapy

Park et al. (2009) sebelisa kalafo ea bonono ho bacha ba lemaletseng papali bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa mekhoa ea boitšoaro. Ka lebaka leo, maikutlo a bora a ile a fokotseha 'me tšebelisano-mmoho le sehlopha sa lithaka le litho tsa lelapa tsa eketseha.

TLHOKOMELISO EA BOTSOANG KOTSI

Ntlafatso ea boikoetliso e na le tsebo ea mahlale e thehiloeng ho bopaki ho sebetsana le mathata a fapaneng a mmele le kelello. E sebelisa mananeo a boikoetliso a ntlafatso ea bakuli a thehiloeng ho saense ea boikoetliso. E latela ts'ebetso ea mahlale. Thutong ea bophelo bo botle ba bongaka, motheo o kang bophahamo ba 'mele, tlhaiso-leseling ea bophelo bo botle, nalane ea bongaka, boemo ba mosebetsi, boiphihlelo ba nakong e fetileng ba boikoetliso bo hloka ho beoa. Kamora tlhahlobo, lithuto tse hlokometsoeng tsa ho ntlafatsa bophelo li ile tsa etsoa ho fihlela sepheo se boletsoeng. Ntlafatso ea boikoetliso e ikemiselitse ho folisa eseng feela ho hlaphoheloa ha musculo-articular kamora ho buuoa, bohloko bo sa foleng kapa mokhathala, maemo a methapo kapa metabolic empa hape le maemo a kelello a joalo ka khatello ea maikutlo le matšoenyeho.

Ho lemalla li-Smartphone ke bothata ba kelello bo hlahang le matšoao a 'mele le a kelello. Motho ea lemaletseng marang-rang kapa smartphone ha a etse lintho tse ngata tse amanang le 'mele, hangata ha a tsotelle bophelo ba bona bo botle, hape le matšoao a fosahetseng a mmele joalo ka lefu la Carpal tunnel syndrome, ho ema hampe, mokokotlo, hlooho ea hlooho ea migraine, bohloeki bo bobe ba' mele, ho ja ka tsela e sa tloaelehang, ho hloka boroko. , mahlo a ommeng, ho hloka boroko ho ka ama ts'ebetso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung le mokhoa oa ho boloka secha, "pelo le methapo ea lijo"Diane, 2005).

Ntlafatso ea boikoetliso e ka sebelisa sepheo sa pele sa ho khutlisetsa bophelo ba bona bo botle 'meleng ka holim'a metsi. Ho feta moo, haeba ba kenella lenaneong le ikhethang la boikoetliso bo kang ho palama lipere kapa boikoetliso ba kalafo, kalafo e ka ba e fetela mohatong oa bobeli. Lenaneo la ho nahanisisa le boetse le thehiloe ho yoga kapa ho ikoetlisa ka 'mele bakeng sa ho thuisa. Ntlafatso ea boikoetliso e ne e ka batla phetoho ea kelello ka ho ikutloa u le motlotlo, khotsofalo le maikutlo a macha a thabo.

TŠOHLOA

Ho na le mabaka a mangata a ho lemalla, ho fihlella marang-rang le eona ke e 'ngoe ea lintlha tse etsang qeto ea ho sebelisoa ho feteletseng ke baithuti ba koleche (Anderson, 2012; Lin le Tsai, 2002). Ha phihlello e le mahala ebile e le bonolo, baithuti ba koleche ba tloaetse ho ba tlokotsing ea ho lemalla marang-rang (Kandell, 1998). Korea Boroa, mang kapa mang o na le phihlello e bonolo ea inthanete ka lebaka la marang-rang a marang-rang a marang-rang mme a ka ba kotsing ea tšebeliso ea marang-rang. Kahoo ho hloka leeme ha ho na toka marang-rang le ho lemalla li-smartphone. Re hloka ho laola marang-rang le phihlello ea li-smartphone.

Ho fihla joale, Lenaneo la Rehab la Bacha la Inthanete la Bacha le ne le entsoe ka kalafo ea khale e emetse mekhoa ea boits'oaro e mabapi le ho tseba kotsi le ho teba ka tlhekefetso ea inthanete, le ho ithuta mokhoa oa ho laola maikutlo a bona ebe o lokisa boitšoaro ba bona. Ho arabela kotsi e ntseng e eketseha ea ho lemalla ts'ebeliso ea inthanete le litlamorao tsa eona tse mpe, ho na le tlhoko ea ho hlahloba mefuta ea ho kenella. Ka bomalimabe, tlhahlobo ea lingoliloeng e bonts'a hore ho na le mananeo a fokolang feela a kalafo a ho lemalla marang-rang, a kang ts'ebetso ea CBT le MI, kalafo ea sehlopha ka kopanelo ea Readiness to Change (RtC), (Orzack et al., 2006), hammoho le lenaneo la tlhabollo ea sehlopha sa Reality.

Re ile ra hlahloba ka litšupiso mabapi le kalafo e tlatselletsang re sebelisa liketso tse ngata ho folisa ntlafatso ea litheko tsa inthanete ho latela lebaka la tlatsetso ea tikoloho. Boithabiso ba kalafo bo khahloa haholo ke mefuta ea boikhathollo ba lelapa, kalafo ea 'mino e sebelisang medumo ke lintho tse hlasimollang kelello, ho eketsa phomolo le ho hlabosa liphihlelo tsa bo-shamanic.

Ntlafatso ea boikoetliso ha e sebelise bokhoba ba marang-rang haholo ho fihlela joale, empa haeba ho fanoa ka hore moithuti e monyane a lemaletse marang-rang haholo, ntlafatso ea boikoetliso e ka ba ts'ebetso e ntle eo ba batlang ho e nka karolo hape e thusa ho holisa boemo ba bona ba bophelo bo botle le kelello.

CONCLUSIONS

Pampiri ena e lekile ho hlakisa kalafo e fapa-fapaneng ea ho lemalla le ho ba teng hoa boikoetliso. Ho nka capitike hanyane, re bonts'itse mekhoa e hlakileng ea 2: kalafo ea boits'oaro le kalafo e tlatselletsang. Tekanyetso ea ho arola kalafo bakeng sa bokhoba ba tahi e tlohile tseleng le litlamorao tsa bokhoba. Ho na le mabaka a 2 a ho baka tlatsetso; ke botho bo ikhethileng ba motho ka mong le maemo a tikoloho a ba potileng. CBT e emetse mekhoa ea khale ea ho fetola menahano le boits'oaro bo eketsang. MI hape ke mokhoa o mokhuts'oane oa hore batho ba se ke ba itokisetsa ho fetola boitšoaro ba bona. MCBT le kalafo e ikhethileng e thehiloeng ho CBT. Ho na le mefuta e fapaneng e latelang ntlha e sithabetsang, MBRP kapa HO EKETSEHILENG. Ho bonahala eka boithabiso ba kalafo, mokhoa oa 'mino o sebelisang ts'ebetso ea drumming le kalafo ea bonono ke kalafo e tlatselletsang. Ka kakaretso, ho ka etsahala haholo hore boikoetliso ba boikoetliso bo ka etsa kopo ea ho lemalla li-smartphone.

Khang eo e leng lenaneo le nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa lipakeng tsa kalafo ea boits'oaro le kalafo e tlatselletsang ke ho senya nako. Se setseng ho tiisoa ke lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang ke thuto e thehiloeng linthong tse lemosang e senolang lintlha tsa bohlokoa. Lenaneo la ho ntlafatsa boikoetliso le lona e ka ba lenaneo le ka sehloohong la ho lemalla li-smartphone empa ho na le mosebetsi o mongata o lokelang ho etsoa.

Mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe

TŠEBELETSO EA BATHO

Ha ho qhoebeshano e ka bang teng mabapi le sehlooho sena e tlalehiloeng.

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