Mosebetsi o Pharaletseng oa Mesebetsi e Phahameng e Amana le Boikokobetso bo Bonyane ba Bohlokoa Boemong ba Anterior Cingulate Cortex (2014)

Tlhaloso: Loh KK, Kanai R (2014) Ts'ebetso e Phahameng ea Mecha ea Phatlalatso e Amahanngoa le Tekanyo e Nyane ea Gray-Matter ho Anterior Cingrate Cortex. PloS ONE 9 (9): e106698. Doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0106698

inahaneloang

Media multitasking, kapa tšebeliso e tšoanang ea mefuta e mengata ea mecha ea litaba, e atile sechabeng sa kajeno mme e amahantsoe le litšusumetso tse mpe tsa kelello le kelello. Batho ba kenang mecheng ea litaba tse ngata haholo ba fumaneha ba le bobe le ho feta mesebetsing ea taolo ea kelello mme ba bonts'a mathata a ho feta sechabeng le maikutlong.. Leha ho le joalo, mekhoa ea neural e amanang le mecha ea litaba e mengata e ntseng e sebetsa e lula e sa ngolloe letho.

Phuputso e teng hona joale e fuputse likamano lipakeng tsa tšebetso ea multitasking le sebopeho sa boko. Patlisiso e bontšitse hore sebopeho sa boko se ka fetoloa ka ho pepesetsoa nako e telele ho tsa tikoloho le boiphihlelo. Kahoo, re ne re lebelletse hore likarohano tse fapaneng mecheng ea phatlalatso ea litaba li tsamaisane le ho feto-fetoha ha sebopeho sa boko.

Sena se netefalitsoe ka tlhahlobo ea Voxel-based Morphometry (VBM): Batho ka bomong ba nang le lintlha tse phahameng tsa Media Multitasking Index (MMI) ba ne ba e-na le lintlha tse nyane tsa bohlooho ka har'a anterior cingrate cortex (ACC). Fkhokahano e sa sebetsanoeng pakeng tsa sebaka sena sa ACC le precuneus li ne li hokahanngoa hampe le MMI. Seo re se fumaneng se fana ka maikutlo a hore ho ka ba le tokiso ea sebopeho bakeng sa taolo e fokotsehileng ea taolo ea kelello le taolo ea maikutlo le bochaba mecheng ea litaba e matla ea litaba. Le ha sebopeho sa karolo ea thuto ea rona se sa re lumelle ho hlakisa tataiso ea ho etsa lintho ka mokhoa o hlakileng, liphetho tsa rona li hlahisitse likamano tse hlakileng tsa maikutlo lipakeng tsa boits'oaro bo bongata ba litaba tsa multitasking le phapang ea sebopeho sa ACC.

lipalo

Tlhaloso: Loh KK, Kanai R (2014) Ts'ebetso e Phahameng ea Mecha ea Phatlalatso e Amahanngoa le Tekanyo e Nyane ea Gray-Matter ho Anterior Cingrate Cortex. PloS ONE 9 (9): e106698. Doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0106698

mohlophisi: Katsumi Watanabe, Univesithi ea Tokyo, Japan

Re amohetse: February 25, 2014; E amohetse: August 8, 2014; E phatlalalitsoe: September 24, 2014

Copyright: © 2014 Loh, Kanai. Ena ke sengoloa se bulehileng se fihletsoeng ka tlase ho License ea Boikarabelo ba Creative Commons, e lumellang hore ho sebelisoe, ho abeloa, le ho beleha ho sa sebelisetsoe, ho fana ka moqapi le mohloli oa pele.

Lithuso: Lithuso tsa lichelete bakeng sa morero ona li tsoa pusong ea PRESTO e tsoang Setsing sa Saense sa Mahlale sa Japane. Bafani ba lichelete ba ne ba sena karolo morerong oa ho ithuta, ho bokella data le ho hlahlobisisa, qeto ea ho phatlalatsa, kapa ho hlophisa sengoloa.

Lithahasello tse tsitsitseng: Bangoli ba boletse hore ho na le lithahasello tsa tlhōlisano tse teng.

Selelekela

Media multitasking, kapa tšebeliso e tšoanang ea mefuta e mengata ea mecha ea litaba, e ntse e ata sechabeng sa kajeno [1] hape e amanang le bokhoni ba taolo ea khoheli bo fokotsehileng [2] le litšusumetso tse mpe tsa kelello le maikutlo tse kang khatello ea maikutlo le khatello ea maikutlo sechabeng [3], bophelo bo botle ba boiketlo ba sechaba [4], le ho se sebetse hantle lithutong [5]. Leha ho le joalo, kopanong ena, ha ho tsejoehale ka mekhoa ea neural e amanang le media-tasking. Phuputso e teng hona joale e fuputse likamano lipakeng tsa ts'ebetso ea multitasking media le ho fapana ha sebopeho sa boko. Patlisiso e bontšitse hore sebopeho sa boko se ka fetoloa ka ho pepesetsoa nako e telele ho tikoloho ea lipale [6] hammoho le koetliso le boiphihlelo [7], [8]. Ntle le moo, phapang ea tikoloho lithutong tse putsoa le tse tšoeu, tse hlahlojoang ka Voxel-based Morphometry (VBM) e bolela esale pele ka kholiseho lipapano tse fapaneng lipakeng tsa mesebetsi e fapaneng ea kelello (bona [9] bakeng sa tlhahlobo). Motheong oa liphumano tse kaholimo, re nahanisitse hore ho ikarola ha mecha ea litaba ka bongata le hona ho tla bontša phapang lipapaling tsa boko.

Patlisisong ea hajoale, Media-Multitasking Index (MMI, [2]) e amoheloa e le mohato oa tšebeliso ea mecha ea litaba. Likolo tsa li-MMI li 'nile tsa amahanngoa khafetsa le ts'ebetso ea motho ka mong mabapi le mesebetsi ea taolo ea kelello [2], [10],[11]. Kahoo, e sebetsa e le phepelo e tšepahalang ea boits'oaro e nang le phapang ea sebopeho sa boko. Re ne re lebelletse hore lintlha tsa MMI tsa motho ka mong li tla bonts'a phapang ea sebopeho sa boko, haholo-holo taolong ea kelello le libaka tse ngata. Patlisiso e fetileng e fetohile mabapi le karolo ea libaka tsa pele-pele tsa cortical taolong ea kelello [12], [13], [14], [15]. E ipapisitse le thuto ea lesion ka [16], libaka tse ikhethileng li kentse letsoho likarolong tse sa kopaneng tsa multitasking: likamore tsa pele le tsa kamorao li kenella mohopolong oa ho khutla, 'me libaka tse tlang pele li ameha mohopolong oa tlhophiso le tlhophisong. Kahoo, re ne re lebelletse ho fumana likamano lipakeng tsa tšebetso ea mecha ea litaba le ho fapana ha likarolo libakeng tsena. Ts'ebetso ea multitasking e amana haholo le litšobotsi tsa motho (ke hore, neuroticism le ho fetelletsa [3]), tseo, e leng ponelo-pele ea phapang e teng bokong [17]. Kahoo, kamano e lipakeng tsa media multitasking le sebopeho sa boko e kanna ea soabisa ke liphapang tsena. Ho etsa lipatlisiso ka monyetla ona, likamano lipakeng tsa MMI le litšobotsi tse kholo tsa Bohlano le tsona lia hlahlojoa.

Re fumane lintlha tsa MMI, mehato e mehlano ea litšobotsi tsa Big tano le tlhaiso-leseling ea (reselance imaging (MRI) ho batho ba baholo ba phetseng hantle ba 75 ba neng ba tloaelane haholo le mahlale a likhomphutha le tsa media. Ho hlahloba kamano lipakeng tsa tšebetso ea litaba le ho fapana ha methapo ea methapo, re ile ra qala ho kopanya lintlha tsa li-MMI tse ikhethileng ka boteng ba lintlha ka bohareng ba kelello ka VBM e ntlafalitsoeng. [18]. Re boetse re ile ra lekola kamano lipakeng tsa litšobotsi tsa Big Five le lintlha tsa MMI. Ho fana ka leseli ka bohlokoa ba tšebetso ba liphapang tsa rona, re ile ra sekaseka ts'ebetso ea boko ba mmuso ho hlakisa likamano lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa MMI le khokahanyo e sebetsang kahare ho bokong.

mekhoa

barupeluoa ba

Batho ba baholo ba phetseng hantle ba 75 (ba bolela lilemo = 24.6, SD = 5.0, banna ba 38) ba koetlisitsoeng ho tsoa setsing sa thuto ea kelello sa University College London (UCL) ba nkile karolo ho ithuteng hajoale kamora ho fana ka tumello e ngotsoeng e ngotsoeng. Boithuto bona bo amohetsoe ke komiti ea boitšoaro ea UCL ea sebakeng sa heno (khoutu ea kopo ea melao ea boitšoaro: 2213 / 002). Re ile ra lekola barupeluoa ho kenyelletsa baithuti ba univesithi le basebetsi ba neng ba tseba hantle mahlale a li-computer le a media. Ba ile ba khutlisoa ka chelete bakeng sa ho nka karolo. Har'a barupeluoa ba 75 ba nkileng karolo ho ithuteng ea VBM, lintlha tsa fMRI li ile tsa bokelloa ho tsoa ho subset ea barupeluoa ba 40. Bong, lilemo, boemo ba thuto le lintlha tsa MMI li ne li sa fapana haholo lipampiring tse peli (Lethathamo 1).

ponahalo e nyane

Tafole 1. Papiso lipakeng tsa litšobotsi tsa palo ea batho le lintlha tsa li-MMI tsa ba nkang karolo liphatlalatsong tsa VBM le tlhahlobo ea tšebeliso ea mesebetsi.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0106698.t001

Potso e fetotsoeng ea Media Multitasking

Mofuta o fetotsoeng oa Media Multi-tasking lipotso [2] e fuoe bohle ba nkileng karolo. MMI e fane ka tekanyo e tsitsitseng ea ketso ea mecha ea litaba eo motho a e etsang ka bongata. Karolo ea lipotso e ne e e-na le likarolo tse peli tsa sehlooho: Karolo ea pele e thathamisitse mefuta ea media e tloaelehileng ea 12 mme barupeluoa ba tlaleha palo e felletseng ea lihora ka beke eo ba e qetileng ba sebelisa mahareng a le bong. Mofuteng o fetotsoeng o sebelisitsoeng thutong ea hona joale, mefuta ea media ea 10 e ne e bolokiloe ho eona [2]: Bapala mecha ea phatlalatso, thelevishene, video e thehiloeng ho khomphutha, 'mino, mehala ea lentsoe e sebelisoang ka mehala kapa ka mohala, ho romellana melaetsa hang-hang, Short Messaging Service (SMS) melaetsa, Imeile, ho fetisa marang-rang le lits'ebetso tse ling tse amanang le khomphutha. Ntho eo “video kapa lipapali tsa k'homphieutha” e neng e fetotsoe ka eona e ne e kenyelletsa lipapali lifonong tsa mehala. Ntho "audio eo e seng ea mmino" e ile ea nkeloa sebaka ke "ho sebelisa liwebosaete tsa ho etsa metsoalle". Liphetoho li entsoe ho bonahatsa hamolemo maemo a hona joale a tšebeliso ea mecha ea litaba. Karolo ea bobeli e ne e na le matrix a neng a kenyelletsa barupeluoa a bonts'a hore na ka nako e tšoanang ba sebelisitse mefuta eohle e meng ha ba ntse ba sebelisa mahareng. Chelete ea tšebeliso e tšoanang e bonts'itsoe sethaleng sa 1 ho 4 (1 = "Ha ho mohla", 2 = "Nako e nyane", 3 = "Nako e ngoe" le 4 = "Boholo ba nako"). Likarabo tsa barupeluoa li qalile tsa thathamisoa ka tsela e latelang: "Le ka mohla" = 0, "Nako e nyane" = 0.33, "Nako e ngoe" = 0.67 le "Boholo ba nako" = 1. Kakaretso ea likarabo tse nchafalitsoeng bakeng sa semelo se seng le se seng sa mantlha e hlahisitse palo ea mecha ea litaba e sebelisoang ka nako e tšoanang ha u sebelisa e mahareng. MMI e ile ea baloa ho latela foromo e latelang: Moo mi ke palo ea mecha ea litaba e sebelisoang ka nako e tšoanang ha u ntse u sebelisa mahareng a mantlha, i; hi ke palo ea lihora tse ngata ka beke tse sebelisoang mahareng, i; le hkakaretso ke palo eohle ea lihora tse sebelisoang beke le beke li sebelisa mefuta eohle ea mecha ea litaba.

Litsebi tse hlano tse kholo

The Big tano Inventory (BFI; [19]) e fane ka tekanyo e khutšoane le e tšepahalang ea 44 ea ntho tse kholo tsa botho ba Big tano: extraversion (dintho tsa 8), ho lumellanoa (dintho tsa 9), letsoalo (dintho tsa 9), neuroticism (dintho tsa 8) le ho buleha ka boiphihlelo (dintho tsa 10). Re ile ra amohela BBI ho lekola likamano lipakeng tsa li-MMI le botho ba Big Tano mohlaleng oa rona.

Tlhaloso ea Lintho tsa MRI

Scanning ea 1.5 T Motorola Avanto (Motorola Medical, Erlangen, Jeremane) e ne e sebelisetsoa ho fumana litšoantšo tsa boleng bo phahameng ba T1 tse nang le boima ba morupeluoa e mong le e mong (MPRAGE; 1 mm3 li-voicel tsa li-cubic; Linoko tsa 160; TR = 2730 ms; TE = 3.57 ms). Lintlha tsa MRI tsa ts'ebetso li fumanoe ho sebelisoa ho nyoloha T2 * -eseke tse latellanang tsa echo-planar imaging (EPI) tse utloisisang phapang ea BOLD. Fumana e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ne e e-na le likhechana tsa 32 oblique, 3.0 × 3.0 mm resolution, 2.0 mm ka boteng ka 1.0 mm slice gap. Likhechana tsa EPI li ne li kengoe ka bonngoe bakeng sa thuto ka 'ngoe ho fokotsa maiketsetso a tsoang mokhoeng oa nko le ho phahamisa tšireletso bakeng sa libaka tsa orbitof pelaal le posterior parietal cortex, ha ba ntse ba etsa sekoaelo holim'a polanete ea nakoana. Kahoo, moetlo oa ho qetela o pakeng tsa 8 ° ho 16 °. Nako ea nako pakeng tsa ho fumana sesebelisoa se le seng sa bobeli e ne e le 2528 ms e nang le flip angle ea 90 degrees le 44 ms echo nako. Tšimo ea pono e ne e le 192 × 192 mm. Qeto ea dijithale ka har'a sefofane e ne e le lipikselse tsa 64 × 64 tse nang le pixel ea 3.0 × 3.0 mm. Lintlha tsohle li fumanoe ka li-coil tsa 32-channel ea hlooho. Nakong ea tlhahlobo ea MRI e sebetsang, barupeluoa ba ile ba laeloa hore ba lule ba khutsitse, mahlo a bona a bulehileng, 'me ba se nahane ka letho ka ho khetheha. Matha e le 'ngoe e kenyellelitsoeng palo ea 180 ea ho fumana bophahamo le lipalo tsa 6 tsa pele li ile tsa lahloa tlhahlobisong ho qoba ho ferekanya matla a khoheli a sa tsitsang. Ho matha ha fMRI ea 'muso ho nkile metsotso e ka bang 7.5.

Tlhahlobo ea Voxel-based Morphometry (VBM)

Voxel-based morphometry (VBM; [20]) ke mokhoa o sebelisoang ho hlahlobisisa oa neuroimaging o sebelisang tlhahlobo ea lipalo tse bohlale tsa voxel ea litšoantšo tse entsoeng pele ho Morero. Likarolo tse phahameng tsa boleng ba T1 tse nang le boima bo boholo li ile tsa hlahlojoa le VBM ka Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM8, Lefapha la Wellcome la Cognitive Neurology). Litšoantšo li ne li arotsoe pele bakeng sa ntho e putsoa le e tšoeu. Dis ngolomorphic Anatomical ngodiso ka Exponentiated Lie Algebra (DARTEL) e ile ea etsoa ka mora nako ho ngololisa litšoantšo tsa bohlooho. Ho netefatsa hore bophahamo ba litaba tsa bohlooho bo lula bo le teng kamora ho ngolisoa, litšoantšo tse ngolisitsoeng li ile tsa fetoloa ke semmuso sa Jacobian sa masimo a phallang a kentsoeng ke DARTEL. Litšoantšo tse putsoa tse putsoa li ile tsa ntlafatsoa ka kernel ea Gaussian (bophara bo felletseng ka halofo e phahameng = 10 mm) mme ea fetoloa mme ea fetoloa hore e be sebaka sa stereotactic sa Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) bakeng sa tlhahlobo e eketsehileng ea regression.

Ho ile ha etsoa tlhahlobo e ngata ea khatello ea maikutlo setšoantšong se tloaelehileng sa bohlooho se nang le lintlha tsa MMI e le eona regressor e ka sehloohong. Mongoaha, bong le kakaretso ea boko e kenyellelitsoe e le li-covariate tse se nang thahasello bakeng sa libaka tsohle tse khutlela. Ho bona li-voxels tseo ho tsona ho neng ho kopantsoe lintlha tsa mmala o moputsoa oa tikoloho le lintlha tsa MMI, re ile ra amohela mokhoa o thata oa p <.05 e nang le liphoso tse bohlale tse tsoang ka lapeng

Ts'ebeliso ea Ts'ebetso ea Kopano

Ho etsa tlhahlobo e sebetsang ea khokahanyo, re sebelisitse Xbox ea "function function" ea puisano e sebetsang.http://www.nitrc.org/projects/conn; [21]) e kopantsoe le mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea SPM8. Mehato e ntlafatsang, e thathamisitsoeng ka tatellano, e kenyelletsa tokiso bakeng sa ho lekanya nako, ho hlophisoa ha lintlha tsa tatellano ea nako molumo oa pele (ke ho re, ho sisinyeha ha motsamao), ngoliso ea nako ea tšebetso ea nako ea MRI ho likarolo tse lumellanang tsa MRI mefuta e kang taba e putsoa, ​​taba e tšoeu le mokelikeli oa 'mele (CSF), le ho tloaela maemo ho template e tloaelehileng ea MNI le ho sarolla habonolo ka sefofane sa Gaussian (FWHM = 8 mm). Lintlha tsa tatellano ea nako li ne li se li qaptjoa ho 0.01 Hz-0.1 Hz.

Bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea khokahano e sebetsanang le peo e sebelisang peo, re sebelisitse sehlotšoana se le seng sa bohlokoa se fumanoeng tlhahlobisong ea VBM e le sebaka sa peo-ea-phaello (ROI). Lenaneo la nako le bolelang le tlohang ho ROI le sebelisitsoe "regressor" ka makhetlo a mangata a hlahang ho tlhahlobo ea maemo a motho ka mong. Ho fokotsa litšusumetso tsa lintho tse ferekanyang, li-regressor tsa likarolo tse tšeletseng tsa khalemelo e tsamaeang le tsona li kenyellelitsoe. Ntle le moo, mats'oao a BOLD a bohlokoa bakeng sa taba e putsoa, ​​taba e tšoeu le CSF a nkuoe ho limaske tse bopetsoeng mokhoa oa karohano, hape a kenyelelitsoe joalo ka bo-regressor ho fokotsa phapang e amanang le matšoao ana a lefats'e. Litokellano tsa nakoana lipakeng tsa lets'oa la ROI le karolo e 'ngoe ea kelello li ile tsa kenngoa' me lihokahano tsa ROI tsa peo tsa fetoloa ho ba lintlha tse Z tse sebelisang phetoho ea boleng ba boemo ba bobeli.

Ka setšoantšo sa lipalo tse fetotsoeng tsa Z, re qalile re bonts'a libaka tsa boko tse bonts'ang khokahano e sebetsang le ROI re sebelisa monyako o bohlale oa voxel pFWE<0.05. Kamora moo, re sebelisitse monyako o thata haholo oa p<0.001 (e sa nepisoang) e le mask ho hapa libaka tse hokahaneng tsa ACC bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea boemo ba bobeli moo re neng re ikemiselitse ho fumana libaka tsa boko tse amanang le lintlha tsa MMI. Re kenyelelitse lilemo, bong le bongata bo sa sebetseng e le li-covariate mme ra amohela moeli oa p <0.05 ka phoso e nang le bohlale ba lelapa e lokisitsoeng bakeng sa molumo o hlalositsoeng ke mask a pele. Morero oa ho ikoa-liketsa qalong e ne e le ho etsa bonnete ba hore tlhahlobo ea rona e hatelletsoe libakeng tsa boko tse bonts'a tšebetso e amanang le sebaka sa peo. Leha re ka fumana khokahano le liphapang tsa motho ka mong ka ntle ho libaka tsena, liphumano tse joalo li kanna tsa bonts'a khokahano ea maikutlo. Re nkile mokhoa o sa tsitsitseng oa ho koala maske e le hore re eketse matla a tlhahlobo ea rona ea bobeli.

Lintlha tse sebetsitsoeng tsa ho nahana ka mokhoa o kopanetsoeng le li-database tse nang le li-variables bakeng sa bobeli ba VBM le lits'ebetso tsa kopanyo ea taolo ea ts'ebetso li hlahisoa phatlalatsa ho: http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.10​30286.

Results

Tlhahlobo ea VBM e senotse kamano e mpe lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa li-MMI le boemo ba bohlooho ka bohloeng bo kahare ho cortex (Setšoantšo sa 1; ACC; t (70) = 5.16, PFWE <.05, boholo ba Cluster = li-voxels tse 158 × 1.53 = 533 mm3; peak MNI hokahanya: x = 12, y = 41, z = 3). Ha ho likarolo tse ling tsa boko tse bonts'ang lihokelo tsa bohlokoa le lintlha tsa MMI. Kahoo, mecha ea litaba e phahameng e ne e amahanngoa le litaba tse nyane tse putsoa ho ACC. Leha ho le joalo, tlhahlobo ea amanang pakeng tsa lintlha tsa MMI le BFI e senotse kamano e bohlokoa lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa Extraversion le li-MMI (Lethathamo 2; r = 0.347, p = 0.002). Kahoo, re nahanne hore mokhatlo o hlophiloeng oa li-MMI-ACC o ka sithabetsoa ke liphapang tsa batho ba bangata. Ka lebaka lena, re pheta tlhahlobo ea VBM ea pejana e neng e laola taolo ea lintlha tsa BFI e le li-covariate tse ling. Re bile le "regression" e mengata (ka bohloeki ba litaba tse putsoa ka mokhoa o fapaneng oa ho feto-fetoha) ho kenyeletsoa li-MMI le lintlha tsohle tse kholo tsa Big tano e le baphethahatsi hammoho le basebetsi ba lipalo. Kamano e mpe e mpe e ile ea bonoa pakeng tsa MMI le bophahamo ba litaba tsa bohlooho sebakeng se ts'oanang sa ACC (t (65) = 5.08, PFWE<.05, Cluster size = li-voxels tse 74 × 1.53 = 250 mm3; peak MNI hokahanya: x = 12, y = 40, z = 3). Sena se khothalelitse hore ho na le kopano e ikhethileng pakeng tsa MMI le litaba tsa bohloa ho ACC ntle le phapang litšoanelehong tse kholo tsa Bohlano.

ponahalo e nyane

Setšoantšo sa 1. Patlisiso ea khatello ea VBM e bontšitse hore lintlha tsa MMI li ne li amana haholo le bothata ba litaba tsa bohlooho ho ACC (t (70) = 5.16, PFWE <0.05, boholo ba Cluster = li-voxels tse 158 x 1.53 = 533 mm3; peak MNI hokahanya: x = 12, y = 41, z = 3).

Tekanyetso e fetotsoeng ea bohlooho grey voxel (Y-axis) e ne e hokahane hampe (r = -0.54, p<0.001) ka lintlha tsa MMI (X-axis).

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0106698.g001

ponahalo e nyane

Tafole 2. Likamano lipakeng tsa Media multitasking index scores le Big tano Inventory lintlha.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0106698.t002

Ho fana ka leseli ka bohlokoa bo sebetsang ba sephetho sa rona sa VBM, re batlile ho supa, ka tlhahlobo e sebetsang ea tlhahlobo, libaka tsa boko tse bonts'ang khokahano ea bohlokoa le tikoloho ea rona ea ACC e fumanehang. Tlhahlobo ena e senotse hore ts'ebetso ho ACC ROI e fumanoeng e ne e hokahane le libaka tse ngata tsa boko tse tloaeloang e le Default Mode Network ho kenyelletsa likarolo tsa lefatše tse lipakeng tsa temporo-parietal (TPJ; hemisphere e nepahetseng, x = 48, y = −64, z = 36, pFWE<0.05; hemisphere e letšehali, x = -44, y = -70, z = 36) le precuneus (x = 4, y = -68, z = 30, pFWE<0.05) har'a libaka tse ling (Lethathamo 3). Liphetho tsena li bontšitse hore ACC ROI eo re e fumaneng ka tlhahlobo ea VBM e kanna ea oela ka har'a DMN. Ka mor'a moo, re boetse ra etsa lipatlisiso hore na lintlha tsa MMI li ne li amana le khokahano pakeng tsa libaka tsa rona tsa ACC ROI le DMN. Litlhahlobo tsa khatello li ne li tsamaisoa kaholimo-pakeng tsa likarolo tsa ACC le DMN tse nang le MMI joalo ka selelekela se ka sehloohong le lilemo, bong le bophahamo ba kakaretso ea bongo joaloka covariates. Ha ho mekhatlo ea bohlokoa e ileng ea hlaha ho pFWE<0.05. Leha ho le joalo, ka mokhoa o batlang o le thata haholo oa pe sa lokang<0.001, lintlha tse phahameng tsa MMI li ne li amahanngoa le khokahano e fokolang pakeng tsa ACC ROI le precuneus (Setšoantšo sa 2; precuneus; t (40) = 5.22, pe sa lokang<0.001, Cluster size = 159 mm3; Peak MNI hokahanya: x = 10, y = −50, z = 18). Re totobatsa hore liphetho tsa rona tsa khokahano li fumanoe ka mokhoa o sa tsitsang mme re fane ka bopaki bo fokolang bakeng sa rona ho etsa liqeto ka li-MMI le mekhatlo e sebetsang ea khokahanyo. Kahoo, sepheo sena se fumaneng phetolelo ea ts'ebetso ea sephetho sa rona sa VBM.

ponahalo e nyane

Setšoantšo sa 2. Tlhahlobo ea khatello e senotse hore khokahano lipakeng tsa ACC ROI le Precuneus (tšubuhlellano ea mela e putsoa) e ne e amahanngoa hampe le lintlha tsa MMI (Precuneus; t (40) = 5.22, PFWE-e sa lokang<0.001, Cluster size = 159 mm3; Peak MNI hokahanya: x = 10, y = −50, z = 18).

Ho bile le kamano e mpe (r = -0.68, p<0.001) lipakeng tsa likamano tse fetotsoeng tsa Z-fetotsoe tsa ACC-Precuneus (Y-axis) le lintlha tsa MMI (X-axis).

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0106698.g002

ponahalo e nyane

Tafole 3. Libaka tsa boko tse bonts'a khokahanyo e sebetsang le ACC ROI.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0106698.t003

Puisano

Ha ho nahanoa ka botebo, tlhahlobo ea morao-rao e senotse kamano e kholo lipakeng tsa media multitasking le sebopeho sa boko: Batho ka bomong ba tlalehileng litheko tse ngata tsa media multitasking ba bile le litaba tse nyane tsa boteng ho ACC. Mokhatlo ona o ne o le bohlokoa molemong oa ho tsitsa (pFWE<0.05) mme o ne a ikemetse ho fapana ka botho ba Big Five. Re buisana ka litlhaloso tse ka bang tsa lihokela tsa sebopeho sa rona ka leseli la bopaki ba morao-rao mabapi le mesebetsi ea ACC le likamano tsa boitšoaro tsa MMI.

ACC e sebetsa e le sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa sa ho tsamaisa tlhahisoleseling bokong 'me se kentsoe tšebetso ea sensorimotor, nocicept, cognitive e phahameng le ea maikutlo / ts'usumetso [22], [23]. Ho tsena, re tiisa hore setereke sa rona se fumanoeng sa ACC se ka amahanngoa le lits'ebetso tse ngata tse hlokolosi kaha media multitasking e 'nile ea amahanngoa le ts'ebetso ea taolo ea kelello [2], [10], [11], [24]. Ntle le moo, ACC ROI e bonts'itse khokahanyo ea bohlokoa ea ts'ebetso le likarolo tsa boko tsa DMN tseo hape li amanang le ts'ebetso e phahameng ea kelello [25], [26].

Mabapi le ts'ebetso ea kelello, ACC ka kakaretso e nahanoa hore e kenya letsoho phosong kapa ho khethollong likhohlano [27], [28]. Ts'ebetso ea ACC hangata e bonoa mesebetsing e arabisoang ka nako e le 'ngoe likarabo tse sa lumellaneng, e leng mosebetsi oa Stroop [29], [30], tlhokomelo e khethiloeng [31] le mosebetsi o mongata [32], [33]. Haholo, ACC e kentse letsoho liparong tsa mosebetsi oa bobeli [34], [35] moo motho a tobaneng le tlholisano le likarabo tse amanang le mesebetsi e 'meli kapa ho feta. Ho khahlisang ho sena, mecheng ea phatlalatso ea litaba, batho ka bomong ba tobana le litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa mosebetsi tse amanang le mefuta e mengata ea media eo ba e sebelisang ka nako e le ngoe. Kahoo, ROI ea rona e fumaneng e ka ba le thata mesebetsing e laoloang ke batho ba babeli ba amanang le taolo ea kelello. Taba e 'ngoe e bohloko ke hore mesebetsi e boletsoeng kaholimo ka tloaelo e amahangoa le ACC ea dorsal ha e bapisoa le sebaka sa rostral moo ROI ea rona e leng teng [23], [32], [35], [36]. Leha ho le joalo, bafuputsi ba hlokometse hore khopolo-taba ena ha e felle ruri [23], [34], [37]. Haholo-holo, ka ts'ehetso ea toloko ea rona ea hona joale, Dreher le basebetsi mmoho [34] e tlaleha hore rostral ACC e kenella ka mokhoa o ikhethang ho khethollo ea likhohlano maemong a mosebetsi o kopanetsoeng.

Phetho ea rona ea mantlha e bonts'itse hore mecha ea phatlalatso e boima ho feta e na le li-ACC tse nyane. Ho hlakisa litlamorao tsa boits'oaro bo ka fokotsoang ba li-ACC tse fokotsang li-multitaskers tse boima, re ile ra hlahloba lithuto tsa boitšoaro tse hokahanyang MMI le taolo ea kelello. Phuputso e ikhethang ea Ophir et al. [2] Pele ho senoloa kamano pakeng tsa tšebetso e matla ea multitasking le taolo e fokolang ea taolo. Ba ile ba kenya letsoho mesebetsing e mengata ea taolo e hlokolosi joalo ka mosebetsi oa Stroop, ho fetola mesebetsi, ho fafatsa litšila le mesebetsi ea morao. Ha a kopana le lintho tse ka o sitisang, hangata li-multitaskers tse boima (tse amanang le li-multitaskers tse bobebe) li ile tsa lieha ho bona liphetoho mekhoeng e bonoang, li kotsing ea ho hopola liphokoletso tsa bohata nakong ea mosebetsi oa ho hopola, 'me li ne li lieha ho fetoha. Bangoli ba khothalelitse hore basomi ba bangata ba boima ba ne ba sa khone ho busetsa tlhokomelo ea bona ho ts'ebetsong tlhahisoleseling e nepahetseng. Lui le Wong [24] e fane ka bopaki bo bong ba hore multitaskers e boima ho feta ha e ne e thibela merero e sa sebetseng mme ka lebaka leo ba atlehile ho etsa mesebetsi e kopaneng ea machaba. Boithuto bo latelang [11] e bonts'itse hore li-multitaskers tse ngata li sebetsa hampe ho ts'ebetso ea Operation Span Task (OSPAN) e neng e ts'oana haholo le paradigm e sebetsang habeli kaha barupeluoa ba ne ba lokela ho rarolla mathata a lipalo le ho tšoara mangolo ka hlooho ka hlooho. Boholo ba litsebi tse ngata li boetse li tlaleha liphoso tse eketsehileng tsa tlhokomelo bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi [38]. Leha ho le joalo, phuputso e 'ngoe ea morao-rao e entsoeng ke Alzahabi le Becker [10] ho tlalehiloe tse fumanoeng tse sa lumellaneng: litheko tse ngata tse boima ha lia ka tsa ba mpe le ho feta mosebetsing oa bona oa bobeli 'me li ne li le betere ha li fetoha. Ba bile ba sitoa ho etsa liphuputso tsa Ophir et al. leha ba ne ba sebelisa mesebetsi e tšoanang. Bangoli ba hlokometse hore mohlala oa bona e ne e le oa basali mme sena se ka ba sa fella ka seo ba se fumaneng se sa nepahala. Ba totobalitse bohlokoa ba lithuto tse teletsana ho senola likamano tse matla lipakeng tsa MMI le taolo ea kelello.

Ka kakaretso, lingoliloeng tse seng li ntse li le teng tsa MMI ka kakaretso li fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba kenang mecheng ea litaba tse matla haholo ba bonts'a bokhoni ba taolo ea bofutsana. Seo re se fumaneng hajoale se eketsa lingoliloeng tsena ka ho hokahanya tšebetso e matla ea mecha ea phatlalatso le litaba tse nyane ho ACC: sebaka sa boko se kentsoeng taolong ea kelello se thehiloeng bophatlalatsong bo fetolang. Re tiisa, leha ho le joalo, hore ho hlokahala mosebetsi o mongata ho theha kamano lipakeng tsa sebopeho sa ACC le bokhoni ba taolo ea kelello. Boithuto ba bakuli ba nang le liso tsa ACC li hlahisitse maikutlo a kopaneng ka tlhokahalo ea ACC mesebetsing ea eona e hlakileng ea kelello [39], [40], [41].

Ho boetse ho na le monyetla oa hore sebaka sa rona sa ACC se fumanoeng se ameha lits'ebetsong tsa maikutlo / tšusumetso kaha e sebakeng sa rostral ACC e amanang hantle le ts'usumetso ea maikutlo le ts'ebetso ea maikutlo [23]. Meetso ea ACC e fokotsehileng hangata e 'nile ea kenella mathateng a amanang le ts'ebetso e susumetsang ea maikutlo e kang ts'ebetso ea kelello e sa hlokeng botsitso. [42], khatello ea maikutlo ea morao-rao e sithabetsang [43], ho tepella maikutlong [44] le bokhoba ba lithethefatsi le jo e seng lithethefatsi [45], [46]. Motheong oa pono ena, hoa utloahala hore mecha ea phatlalatso e boima ho feta, ka bongata ba ACC e fokotsoang, e ka ba e sa laoloeng haholo ke melao le maikutlo a susumetsang. Ho joalo, lipalo tse phahameng tsa MMI li fumanoa li ikamahanya le ts'ebetso ea khatello ea methapo, ho batla maikutlo le ho hloka matla [3], [11] le litlamorao tse mpe tsa maikutlo a bophelo [4]. Ho khahlisang, mohlala oa phapang ea sebopeho sa boko o fumanoeng thutong ea hona joale o ne o tšoana le li-mainline tsa neural tsa lithethefatsi tsa inthanete (IA). Batho ba nang le IA, ba hlalosoang e le tšebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang kapa likhomphutha, ba fumanoe ba fokotsehile moralo oa litaba tse putsoa le tse tšoeu ho ACC [46], [47], [48]. Ho na le monyetla oa hore li-media tsena tse peli, media multitasking le IA, li ne li feta: MMI e fane ka tekanyo ea hore na batho ba sebelisitse lisebelisoa tse ngata hakae ka nako e le ngoe mme sena se ka amana le IA e hlahisang ts'ebeliso e feteletseng ea likhomphutha le marang-rang.

Ntho ea bohlokoa molemong oa mosebetsi oa hona joale ke hore liphetho tsa rona li fumanoa thutong e mabapi le kamano lipakeng tsa boitšoaro ba multitasking boitšoaro le sebopeho sa boko. Ka tsela eo, tataiso ea ho kopola lipakeng tsa bona e ke ke ea tsejoa. Le ha ho ka nahanoa hore batho ba nang le ACC e nyane ba kotsing ea ho etsa lintho tse ngata ka lebaka la bokhoni bo fokolang taolong ea kelello kapa taolo ea maikutlo le sechaba, ho ka etsahala ka mokhoa o tšoanang hore maemo a hloahloa a maemo a hlekefetsang a lebisa phetohong ea ACC. Ho hlokahala thuto e telele hore motho a tsebe hore na ho etsa joalo ho ka etsoa joang. Seo re se fumaneng hajoale se bula tsela ea ho etsa lipatlisiso tse joalo ka ho fana ka kamano lipakeng tsa tšebetso ea mecha ea litaba le phapang e teng ho ACC. Taba e 'ngoe hape ke hore liphetho tsa hona joale li kanna tsa se ke tsa fetela ka n our'ane ho palo ea baahi ba rutehileng ba rutehileng haholo ebile ba pepesehetse theknoloji. Mekhoa ea tšebeliso ea mecha ea litaba e ka susumetsoa haholo ke maemo a palo ea batho [1]. Kahoo, lithuto tsa nako e tlang li lokela ho lekola karolo ea lintlha tsa batho tse kang thuto le boemo ba moruo le sechaba ho lekola likamano lipakeng tsa media multitasking, ts'ebetso ea kelello le likarolo tsa bokong.

Qetellong, batho ba ileng ba etsa mesebetsi e mengata ea phatlalatso ea mecha ea litaba ba ne ba e-na le litaba tse nyane tse putsoa ho ACC. Sena se ka boela sa hlalosa tšebetso e mpe ea taolo ea taolo ea kelello le liphetho tse mpe tse amanang le maikutlo a bophelo bo amanang le ho eketseha ha media. Le ha sebopeho sa karolo ea thuto ea rona se sa re lumelle ho hlakisa tataiso ea ho etsa lintho ka mokhoa o hlakileng, liphetho tsa rona li hlahisitse likamano tse hlakileng tsa maikutlo lipakeng tsa boits'oaro bo bongata ba litaba tsa multitasking le phapang ea sebopeho sa ACC.

Menehelo ea Mongoli

O tsebile ebile o hlophisitse liteko: KL RK. O entse liteko: KL RK. Ho hlahlobisisa data: KL RK. Li-reagents tse kentsoeng / lisebelisoa / lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo: KL RK. Ngola pampiri: KL RK.

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