Ho se leka-lekanya ho sebetsa hokae pakeng tsa marangrang a taolo ea tsamaiso le marang-rang a marang-rang a hlalosetsa papali ea lipapali Inthaneteng ho batla boitšoaro boemong ba ho bapala lipapaling tsa Inthanete (2015)

Sci Rep. 2015; 5: 9197.
E hatisitsoe Inthaneteng 2015 Mar 17. doi: 10.1038 / srep09197

PMCID: PMC4361884

Guangheng Dong,^a,¹ Xiao Lin,¹ Yanbo Hu,² Chunming Xie,³ 'me Xiaoxia Du⁴

Boitsebiso ba Mongoli ► Sehlooho sa Article ► Tlhahisoleseding ea Copyright le License ►

inahaneloang

Lingoliloeng li bontšitse hore lithuto tsa inthanete tsa boloetse ba lipapali (IGD) li bonts'a taolo e holofetseng ea taolo le ho matlafatsa maikutlo a moputso ho feta taolo e nepahetseng. Leha ho le joalo, hore na marang-rang ana a mabeli a kopaneng a ama ts'ebetso ea ho lekola le ho khanna boits'oaro ba lipapali tsa lipapali tsa inthaneteng ho lula ho sa tsejoe. Litaelo tse mashome a mararo a metso e mehlano tsa "IGD" le "36" tse phetseng hantle li laoloa ka sekena sa scanner sa MRI. Khokahano e sebetsang (FC) e ile ea hlahlojoa ka har'a taolo le ho putsa libaka tsa peo ea marang-rang, ka ho latellana. Nucleus accumbens (NAcc) e khethiloe e le mokhoa oa ho fumana litšebelisano lipakeng tsa marang-rang ana a mabeli. Litaba tsa IGD li bonts'a ho fokotseha ha FC marang-rang a taolo ea taolo le ho eketsa FC marangrang a meputso ha e bapisoa le taolo e phetseng hantle. Ha o lekola likamano lipakeng tsa NAcc le marang-rang a taolo ea taolo / moputso, khokahano lipakeng tsa NAcc - taolo ea taolo ea marang-rang e amana hampe le khokahano lipakeng tsa NAcc - netweke ea moputso. Liphetoho (fokotseha / keketseho) ho synchrony ea lihlooho tsa lithuto tsa IGD taolong ea taolo / meputso e fana ka maikutlo a ts'ebetso e sa sebetseng / e fetelletseng kahare ho potoloho ea methapo e tsamaisang lits'ebetso tsena. Karolo e fapaneng pakeng tsa marang-rang a taolo le marang-rang a meputso ho IGD e fana ka maikutlo a hore ho senyeha taolong ea phethahatso ho lebisa ho thibelo e sa sebetseng ea litakatso tse matlafalitsoeng tsa ho bapala papali ea inthanete ka mokhoa o fetelletseng. Sena se ka fana ka leseli la kutloisiso ea mechini ea IGD.

Ho fapana le bokhoba ba lithethefatsi kapa tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi, bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete (IGD) ha bo na tšebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale kapa lintho ha bo ntse bo lebisa ho ts'ehehong ea 'mele, bo ts'oanang le bokhoba bo bong¹^,2. Boiphihlelo ba batho ba inthaneteng bo ka fetola ts'ebetso ea bona ea kutloisiso ka tsela e tsamaisang papali ea bona ea inthanete, e etsahalang hape ha ho se na lithethefatsi¹^,3^,4. DSM-5 e nahanang ka mathata a tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi le bokhoba ba litekanyetso tse hlahisitsoeng bakeng sa bothateng ba lipapali tsa inthanete, 'me bokuli bona bo kenyelelitsoe karolong ea DSM-5 e nang le mathata a etsang hore ho be le thuto e eketsehileng.⁵^,6. Boemong ba methapo ea neural, leha ho le joalo, mekhoa e nepahetseng e tataisang taolo ea ho lemoha ha e hlake hantle⁷.

Karolo e ngoe ea bohlokoa ea IGD ke tahlehelo ea boikemisetso ba ho laola boits'oaro ba papali ea inthanete. Boithuto ba morao-rao ba ts'ebetso ea matla a matla a matla a morao-rao a fono (IGM) bo supile lits'ebetso tse peli tsa bohlokoa tsa ts'ebetso ho IGD: Taba ea pele, likarabo tse fokotsitsoeng tsa karabelo li bonts'itsoe lithutong tsa IGD li sebelisa ho ea / ho se ee.⁸, switch switch⁹^,10, le Stroop¹¹^,12^,13 mesebetsi ha e bapisoa le taolo e phetseng hantle (HC); Taba ea bobeli, lithuto tsa IGD li bonts'itse kutloisiso e ntlafalitsoeng ea moputso ho feta HC²^,14^,15 mme a bonts'a khethollo e mabapi le tlhaiso-leseling e fumanoeng inthaneteng⁹^,16^,17. Likarolo tsena tse peli li ts'oana haholo le liphumants'o tsa lithuto tsa morao-rao tsa moruo- Ho na le likhokahano tse peli tse ikhethileng tsa boko tse tataisang ka kotloloho mekhoa ea ho etsa liqeto¹⁸^,19: Tsamaiso ea taolo ea taolo (e kenyeletsa li-cortices tsa pele-pele le tsa parietal¹⁹), e amanang le meputso e liehang; Khokahano ea boleng ba ventral (e kenyelletsa orbitofrontal cortex, ventral striatum joalo-joalo¹⁹^,20), babuelli ba moputso oa kapele.

Tšebelisano pakeng tsa marang-rang ana a mabeli e boetse e bonts'oa ka lihlopha tse lemaletseng lithethefatsi²⁰. Boithuto ba Xie bo bonts'itse khokahano e sebetsang e sa leka-lekanang lipakeng tsa taolo ea marang-rang (lihokelo tse fokotsehileng) le netweke ea meputso (likhokahano tse ntlafalitsoeng) ho lihlooho tse itšetlehileng ka Heroin²¹, e ka fanang ka leseli kutloisisong ea mochini oa bokhoba ba lithethefatsi boemong bo boholo ba sistimi. Khothatso e ntlafalitsoeng ea ho batla lithethefatsi e kopane le ho sitoa ho thibela boits'oaro bo amanang le lithethefatsi ho nahanoa hore e emela ho hloleha ha taolo e phahameng.²²^,23^,24. Lithutong le IGD, bafuputsi ba hlokometse likarolo tse tšoanang ho taolo ea kholo le kutloisiso ea moputso (joalo ka ha ho boletsoe pejana). Leha ho le joalo, hore na likhokahano tsena tse peli li ama mmoho joang ts'ebetsong ea boleng lithutong tsa IGD le ho tsamaisa boits'oaro ba bona ba papali ea inthanete e lula e sa tsejoe.

Haufinyane, lithuto li fuputse ts'ebetso ea neural bokong ba motho nakong ea phomolo (ha ho na ts'usumetso, ha ho mesebetsi, ho se robala), e neng e re ho phomola ho reng fMRI. Ba fumane hore mesebetsi ea neural nakong ea ho phomola e hokahanngoa libakeng tsohle tsa cortical ka thepa e itseng e sebetsang, empa eseng e sa reroang²⁵^,26^,27. Litokellano tsena tsa nakoana li nkuoa ho bonts'a khokahanyo e kenelletseng ea ts'ebetso (FC) mme e bontšitsoe ho marang-rang a fapaneng a fapaneng²⁸^,29^,30. E ka ba sesebelisoa se sebetsang sa ho etsa lipatlisiso mabapi le phapang e teng pakeng tsa marang-rang a li-neuronal ka tekanyo e kenelletseng pakeng tsa IGD le lihlopha tsa HC nakong ea phomolo ea naha.

Moetso o tlamang oa nakoana o fana ka maikutlo a hore ho hokahanya matšoao a boko pakeng tsa lits'ebetso tsa neural ho bohlokoa ho tsamaiseng puisano ea neural³¹. Lingolo li boetse li paka hore FC e phomotsang e ka ba ponelopele ea ts'ebetso ea boitšoaro²⁶^,32. Joalokaha re boletse kaholimo, lithuto tsa IGD li bonts'itse taolo e phahameng ea taolo le kutloelo-bohloko ea moputso ho feta HC. Re kholoa hore lithuto tsa IGD li bonts'a khokahano e ntlafalitsoeng marangrang a moputso mme e fokotse khokahano khokahanong ea taolo ho feta HC. Ntle le moo, re boetse re nahana hore botebo ba motheo oa matla a marang-rang a taolo / meputso a kopanyang boleng ba boleng bo ne bo senyehile ho IGD. Ho lekola li-hypotheses tsena, pele re hloka ho lekanya fMRI ea ho phomola; Taba ea bobeli, re hloka ho khetha lipeo tse ling ho emela likhokahano tse fapaneng le ho lekanya lipontšo tsena tse thehiloeng ho peo BOLD, e leng ho theha khokahano lipakeng tsa marang-rang ana a mabeli; Taba ea boraro, re hloka ho lekanya litšebelisano tsa bona ho fumana hore na ba sebetsa hammoho joang ka boits'oaro.

mekhoa

Khetho ea bankakarolo

Teko eo e lumellana le The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Phatlalatso ea Helsinki). Komiti ea Patlisiso ea Botho ea Univesithi e Tloaelehileng ea Zhejiang e amohetse lipatlisiso tsena. Mekhoa e ne e etsoa ho latela tataiso e amohetsoeng. Barupeluoa e ne e le liithuti tsa univesithi mme ba hapuoe ka lipapatso. Barupeluoa e ne e le banna ba nang le letsoho le letona (lithuto tsa 35 IGA, li-taolo tse phetseng hantle tsa 36 (HC)). Lihlopha tsa IGD le HC ha lia ka tsa fapana haholo ka lilemo (IGA e bolela = 22.21, lilemo tsa SD = 3.08; HC e bolela = 22.81, SD = 2.36 lilemo; t = 0.69, p = 0.49). Ke banna feela ba neng ba kenyellelitsoe ka lebaka la palo e phahameng ea IGD ho banna ho feta basali. Barupeluoa bohle ba ile ba fana ka tumello e ngotsoeng e nang le tlhahlobo le lipuisano tse hlophisitsoeng tsa mafu a kelello (MINI)³³ e etsoang ke ngaka ea mafu a kelello e nang le boiphihlelo, e hlokang metsotso e ka bang 15. Barupeluoa bohle ba ne ba se na mathata a kelello ea Axis I a thathamisitsoeng ho MINI Re ile ra boela ra lekola 'khatello ea maikutlo' le Beck Depression Inventory³⁴ mme ke barupeluoa feela ba fumaneng tlase ho 5 ba kenyellelitsoeng. Barupeluoa bohle ba ile ba laeloa hore ba se ke ba sebelisa lintho life kapa life tsa tlhekefetso, ho kenyeletsoa lino tse nang le koae, ka letsatsi la ho hlahlojoa. Ha ho na karolo e ileng ea tlaleha tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tse seng molaong (mohlala, koae, koae).

Boloetse ba ho lemalla lithethefatsi Inthaneteng bo ile ba etsoa qeto ho ipapisitsoe le tlhahlobo ea bokhoba ba inthanete ea Young inthaneteng (IAT)³⁵ lipalo tse 50 kapa ho feta. IAT ea bacha e na le lintho tse 20 tse tsoang lintlheng tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebeliso ea inthanete inthaneteng, ho kenyeletsoa ts'ebeliso ea kelello, ts'ebeliso e qobelloang, ho hula, mathata sekolong kapa mosebetsing, boroko, taolo ea lelapa kapa nako³⁵. IAT e netefalitsoe e le sesebelisoa se sebetsang le se tšepahalang se ka sebelisoang ho khetholla IAD³⁶^,37. Bakeng sa ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, karabelo ea maemo e khethiloe ho 1 = "Haholo" ho 5 = "Kamehla", kapa "Ha e sebetse". Likolo tse fetang 50 li bonts'a mathata a amanang le inthanete kapa a amanang khafetsa marang-rang) (www.netaddiction.com). Ha re khetha lithuto tsa IGD, re kentse mokhoa oa ho kenyelletsa mehato e thehiloeng ea Young ea IAT: 'u sebelisa ___% ea nako ea hau ea inthanete u bapala lipapali tsa inthanete' (> 80%).

Skena ea data ea ho phomola e re

Sesepa se ile sa etsoa setsing sa MRI Setsing se Tloaelehileng sa East-China. Lintlha tsa MRI li fumanoe ho sebelisoa sesebelisoa sa Nokia Trio 3T (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). 'Boemo ba ho phomola' bo ne bo hlalosoa e se mosebetsi o ikhethileng oa ho tseba nakong ea scan ea fMRI mosebetsing oa rona. Barupeluoa ba ne ba kopuoa ho khutsa, ho koala mahlo, ho lula ba falimehile le ho se nahane ka letho ka tatellano³⁸^,39. Ho fokotsa ho sisinyeha ha hlooho, barupeluoa ba lain supine ba roetse lihlooho tsa mabanta ka liketane le foam. Litšoantšo tse sebetsang tsa boemo ba phomolo li ile tsa fumanoa ka ho sebelisa tatelano ea EPI (echo-planar imaging). Litekanyetso tsa scan ninemeng li latelang: ho kenella, ho pheta-phetoa = 2000 ms, 33 masale a axial, botenya = 3.0 mm, qeto ea sefofane = 64 * 64, echo time = 30 ms, flip angle = 90, uwanja oa pono = 240 * 240 mm, li-volumes tsa 210 (metsotso ea 7). Litšoantšo tsa sebopeho li ile tsa bokelloa li sebelisoa ka tatellano e hopoloang ea XXUMXD e nang le boima ba 1D, 'me tsa fumanoa tse koahelang boko kaofela (3 slices, nako ea ho pheta-pheta = 176 ms, echo time TE = 1700 ms, slice thickness = 2.26 mm, skip = 1.0 mm , flip angle = 0 °, tšimo ea pono = 90 * 240 mm, resolution in in = 240 * 256).

Ts'ebetso pele ho data

Lintlha tsa phomolo li entsoe ka REST le DPARSF (http://restfmri.org)⁴⁰. Ho lokisa pele ho ne ho kenyelletsa ho tlosoa ha lintlha tsa pele tsa 10 (ka lebaka la ho lekana ha matšoao le ho lumella ba nkang karolo ho tloaela lerata la skena), khalemelo ea 'mele, nako ea mohala, ho ngolisoa ha molumo le ho otlolla hlooho. Tšilafalo e ka bang teng ho tsoa lipontšong tse 'maloa tsa nuisance ho kenyeletsa le lets'oao la ntho e tšoeu, mokelikeli oa lesapo la mokokotlo, lets'oao la lefats'e, le lits'ebetso tse ts'eletseng tse tšeletseng li ile tsa hlakoloa. Letoto la litšoantšo tsa thuto ka 'ngoe le ne le hlophisitsoe ka tšebeliso e tlase ea lebala kapa karolo e ts'oaroang (mmele o thata) phetoho ea ka morao⁴¹. Setšoantšo ka seng sa sebopeho se ne se ngolisitsoe ho setšoantšo se sebetsang se bolelang kamora khalemelo ea motsamao ho sebelisoa phetoho e hlakileng. Motsamao o lokisitseng meqolo e sebetsang e ile ea hlophisoa ka sebaka sa sebaka sa MNI (Montreal Neurological Institute) mme ea etsetsoa sampole ho li-voxels tsa 3-mm isotropic ho sebelisoa maemo a tloaelehileng a hakantsoeng nakong ea karolo e kopaneng. Ts'ebetso e ngoe hape ea ho e hlophisa e kenyelletsa (1) band-pass filtering lipakeng tsa 0.01 le 0.08 Hz; (2) Ho lekola khokahano e sebetsang, re ile ra qala ka ho lekanya palo ea coefficient ea Pearson lipakeng tsa nako ea matla a matla a nako ea sebaka ka seng sa phaello (ROI). Phetoho ea R-to-z ea Fisher e sebelisitsoe ho 'mapa o mong le o mong oa khokahano ho fumana karolelano e batlang e tloaelehile ea boleng ba khokahano e sebetsang le ho sebelisa lipalo-palo tsa parametric.

Khetho ea ROI phomolong

Peo e ile ea khethoa joalo ka sepheo sa mantlha se phatlalalitsoeng ho fapana le ho fumana libaka tsa peo mesebetsing ke ho qoba leeme le ho eketsa sephetho. Bakeng sa netweke ea taolo, lipeo li hlalositsoe ho ipapisitse le thuto ea morao-rao ea FC e sebelisang data e tsoang ho batho ba baholo ba 1000⁴² ho fana ka maikutlo a marang-rang a taolo ea pele-parietal ho kenyelletsa libaka tse tšeletseng tsa boko. Li fumaneha kahare le bokaholimo ba parietal ea bokong (fumana likhokahano tse qaqileng tse tsoang Setšoantšo sa 1). Re sebelisitse lihokela tsa symmetric ho khetha lipeo ho tsoa hemisphere e nepahetseng.

Setšoantšo sa 1

Setšoantšo sa 1

Li-ROI tse khethiloeng lipatlisiso.

Bakeng sa marang-rang a theko ea moputso, lithuto tse ngata li khothalelitse hore potoloho ea mekhatlo e ikemetseng e ts'ehetsa phetoho ea mefuta e fapaneng ea meputso ea kamoso hore e be mofuta oa chelete ea ka hare.¹⁸^,20^,21. Potoloho ena e kenyelletsa cyral striatum, dorsal striatum, and orbitofrontal potoloho. Ntle le sena, lithuto tsa pejana li boetse li bonts'itse hore marang-rang a amygdala ke sebaka sa mantlha se khethollang boleng ba moputso⁴³. Kahoo, thutong ena, re kenyelelitse amygdala khokahanong ea moputso. Hobane striatum, amygdala ke likarolo tse nyane tsa boko, re khethile sebaka sohle joalo ka peo. Amygdala e nts'itsoe ho "atv" subcortical ea Harvard-Oxford; striatum li ile tsa khethoa ho sebelisoa Oxford-striatum-atlas. Bakeng sa OFC, lipeo li ile tsa hlalosoa li ipapisitse le tlhahlobo ea meta⁴⁴^,45, e fanang ka maikutlo a libaka tse peli tse sebetsang tsa OFC tse sebetsang, e 'ngoe e kenyellelitsoeng liphatlalatsong tse khothatsang tse ikemetseng (−23, 30, −12 le 16, 29, −13) le e' ngoe ka tekolo ea lipolao tse lebisang phetohong ea boitšoaro (−32 , 40, −11 le 33, 39, −11). Bona Setšoantšo sa 1.

Khokahano lipakeng tsa peo eo re e khethileng kaholimo e ka fana feela ka phapang ea boemo ba sehlopha mme ea bonts'a likhokahano tsa kahare kahare ho netweke ea taolo le moputso, ka thoko. Ho fumana litšebelisano lipakeng tsa marang-rang ana a mabeli bakeng sa lithuto ka bomong le kamoo li kopanyang boits'oaro ka kopanelo, re hloka "node" e hokahanyang marang-rang ka bobeli. Thutong ena, re khethile sebaka sa nucleus accumbens (NAcc) joalo ka node e ikopantseng kapa sebaka sa 'peo' ho hokahanya lipakeng tsa taolo le meputso ea marang-rang hobane NAcc e na le karolo ea bohlokoa bokhobeng⁴⁶, mme li netefalitsoe e le sebaka sa bohlokoa se sebetsanang lithutong tsa ho lemalla²¹. Li-NAcc le tsona li ile tsa ntšoa libakeng tsa Harvard-Oxford subcortical atlas.

Ts'ebetso ea likhokahano tse sebetsang

Bakeng sa ROI e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, nako ea moemeli ea BOLD e fumanoe ka ho lekola matšoao a voxels tsohle ka har'a ROI. Lingoliloeng tse fumanehang marangrang a sebetsang li bonts'itse hore li na le likarolo tse arohaneng tsa hemisphere e nepahetseng⁴⁷^,48^,49. Kahoo, thutong ena, re qalile ra bala boleng ba li-FC har'a li-ROI tsa taolo ea leqeleng le tse nepahetseng, ka thoko. Ebe re nka boleng ba li-FC tsena tse peli e le index ea FC eohle. Kamano pakeng tsa NAcc le molaoli oa motsamaisi oa moputso / oa moputso li baliloe ka tsela e latelang: Re balile boleng ba li-FC pakeng tsa NAcc le li-network tsa moputso oa li-ROI ka hemisphere e ts'oanang. Ka mor'a moo, re nkile boleng ba mofuta ona oa li-hemispheric FCs e le index ea FC ka kakaretso.

Results

Phapang ea FC netweke ea taolo lipakeng tsa IGD le HC

Setšoantšo sa 2 e bonts'a FC ho netweke ea taolo ho IGD le HC. Khokahano ea taolo ea FC ho HC e bohlokoa haholo ho feta ho IGD, ka bobeli bokong le maemong a hemispheric (HC e bohlokoa haholo ho feta IGD ho FC netweke ea taolo ea leqele).

Setšoantšo sa 2

Likarolo tse ngata tsa khokahano ea taolo ea khomphutha ea sehlopha sa taolo ea lihlopha tsa IGD le HC ka ho bapisoa ho fapaneng: boko bohle (ka ho le letšehali), hemisphere (bohareng), le hemisphere e nepahetseng (ka ho le letona).

Phapang ea FC netweke ea moputso pakeng tsa IGD le HC

Setšoantšo sa 3 e bonts'a FC ho netweke ea moputso ho IGD le HC. Khokahano ea moputso ea FC ho IGD e bohlokoa haholo ho feta ea HC bokong kaofelap = 0.060) le hemisphere e setsengp = 0.061). Le ha IGD e bonts'a FC e phahameng ho feta HC ka hemisphere e nepahetseng, leha ho le joalo, ha e fihle bohlokoa ba lipalo (p = 0.112).

Setšoantšo sa 3

Likarolo tse ngata tsa khokahano ea moputso oa li-network tsa meputso ho lihlopha tsa IGD le HC ka lipapiso tse fapaneng: boko bohle (ka ho le letšehali), hemisphere (bohareng), le hemisphere e nepahetseng (ka ho le letona).

Tšebelisano lipakeng tsa marang-rang a taolo le marang-rang a moputso

Re balile tšebelisano lipakeng tsa marang-rang a taolo le marang-rang a moputso maemong ohle a boko le methati ea hemispheric. Moleng oa pele oa Setšoantšo sa 4 e bonts'a kamano pakeng tsa marang-rang a taolo le marang-rang a moputso bokong bohle lithutong tsohle (ka ho le letšehali), le ka lihlopha (ka ho le letona). Re ka fumana FC sebakeng sa taolo ea marang-rang e hokahane hampe ka marang-rang a moputso lihlopheng tsohle tsa lithuto. Lipalo tse moleng oa bobeli li bonts'a hore marang-rang a taolo a kopantsoe le khokahano ea moputso karolong e ka letsohong le letšehali. Leha ho le joalo, ka hemisphere e nepahetseng (mola oa boraro), leha e bonts'a maemo a mabe, lihokelo tsena kaofela ha li fihlelle bohlokoa ba lipalo (Sena se ka etsahala hobane li-ROI tsohle tsa taolo ea marang-rang li ne li hlalositsoe ka hemisphere ea ROI ka hemisphere e nepahetseng hemisphere symmetrically). Moleng oa bone o bontšitse tšebelisano lipakeng tsa hemispheric pakeng tsa netweke ea taolo le netweke ea moputso. Re ka fumana le khokahano e mpe lipakeng tsa netweke ea taolo le netweke ea moputso. Nka tsohle, leha tse nyane tsa tsena li sa lumellane le lipalo, re ntse re ka tseba hore marang-rang a taolo a amana hampe le netweke ea moputso.

Setšoantšo sa 4

Setšoantšo sa 4

Kamano pakeng tsa netweke ea taolo le li-indices tsa network ea moputso lithutong tsohle (ka ho le letšehali), IGD (bohareng) le lihlopha tsa HC (ka ho le letona), ka ho latellana.

Puisano

Khokahano ea leqhubu la taolo e tlase le khokahano e phahameng ea leqhubu la moputso lithutong tsa IGD

Phuputsong ena, re bone ho fokotsoa ha khokahano ea marangrang a marangrang a phahameng a lithuto tsa IGD ha a bapisoa le a HC. Moetso o tlamang oa nakoana o fana ka maikutlo a hore ho hokahanya matšoao a boko pakeng tsa likarolo tsa boko ho bohlokoa ho tsamaiseng puisano ea neural³¹. Kahoo, khokahano e fokotsehileng ea marang-rang a taolo e kanna ea supa hore lipapali tsa nako e telele tsa lipapali tsa inthanete tsa IGD li sentse tsamaiso ea bona ea taolo. Boithuto ba pejana bo fumane hore FC marang-rang a itseng e ka ba sebapali sa ts'ebetso ea boits'oaro bo nepahetseng³⁰^,50^,51. Boithuto bo thehiloeng ho fMRI hape bo bontšitse hore lithuto tsa IGD li bonts'itse karohano e fokolitsoeng ea karabelo ho feta taolo e phetseng hantle⁸^,9^,11^,12. Litloaelo tse joalo tsa karabelo li bonahala li susumetsoa ke tšusumetso e amanang le papali ea inthanete, e nang le ts'ebetso e mpe ho feta e bonoang ho IGD ho feta lithutong tseo eseng tsa IGD⁹. Phokotso e teng ea ho feto-fetoha ha maemo le taolo ea kelello ho IGD e kanna ea amana le ts'ebetso e sa sebetseng hantle hara potoloho ea neural e tsamaisang lits'ebetso tsena, ka mehato e meng ea neural e amanang le botebo ba IGD¹².

Marang-rang a moputso, FC ho IGD e bohlokoa haholo ho feta ho HC. Lihokela tse matla pakeng tsa peo ea netweke ea moputso ho IGD e khothalelitse hore li bonts'itse moputso o ntlafalitsoeng o lakatsang ho putsa ho feta sehlopha sa HC. Boithuto bo thehiloeng ho fMRI bo bontšitse bopaki ba hore menyetla ea moputso e phahamisoa har'a lithuto tsa IGD ha li bapisoa le taolo e phetseng hantle²^,9^,14^,15 maemong a bonolo le a feteletseng. Boikutlo ba moputso bo ntlafalitsoeng bo ka kenya letsoho litakatsong tse eketsehang tsa ho bapala papali ea inthanete, ka lebaka la lithuto tsa IGD li ka fumana moputso o matla ho feta. Mme papali ea nako e telele ea inthanete e ka etsa hore libapali li ikhatholle liphihlelong tsa bona ebe li nyolla boiphihlelo bona bophelong ba 'nete⁵².

Kopanyo e kopantsoeng pakeng tsa marang-rang a taolo le marang-rang a moputso

Ho tsoela pele ho leka litšebelisano lipakeng tsa marang-rang a taolo ea phethahatso le marang-rang a meputso le ho fumana hore na ka kopanelo li susumetsa boits'oaro ba ho qetela lithutong ka bomong, re khethile NAcc joalo ka node e hokahanyang kapa sebaka sa 'peo' ho hokahanya taolo ea phethahatso le moputso marangrang. Setšoantšo sa 4 e bonts'a hore lits'ebetso tsa netweke ea taolo e kholo le marang-rang a moputso li na le likarolo tse ngata tse fapaneng, tse fanang ka khokahanyo e matla ea khokahano ea marangrang a moputso, le khokahano ea khokahano ea netweke ea taolo. Marang-rang ana a mabeli a sebelisana ka mokhoa oa ho hula le ho sutumelletsa moo tšusumetso e matla e tla lebisa ho ferekanyang ha potoloho ea taolo e kholo, 'me taolo e matla ea bolaoli e tla lebisa lithibelong tsa litabatabelo⁵³.

Boithuto bo fetileng bo bontšitse hore tsamaiso e kholo ea taolo e khothaletsa taolo ea boits'oaro le boits'oaro ho li-drive tse susumetsang mme e ka thusa batho ka bomong ho thibela litakatso le boits'oaro bo batlang meputso⁵⁴^,55^,56. Karolo e fapaneng pakeng tsa marangrang a taolo e kholo le marang-rang a moputso li ka kenya letsoho haholo ho utloisisa mochini o tlatsetsang o lebisang IGD: Ho eketsa menyetla ea moputso nakong ea ho hapa kapa boiphihlelo bo monate ho ka matlafatsa takatso ea bona ea ho bapala inthaneteng. Khabareng, ho sitisoa ha taolo e phahameng ho ka lebisa ho thibeng litakatso tse joalo, tse ka lumellang takatso, litakatso kapa litakatso tsa ho busa le ho lebisa ho papaling e fetelletseng ea inthanete.

Khokahano e sa leka-lekanang ea ts'ebetso lipakeng tsa netweke ea taolo ea phethahatso le marang-rang a meputso e kanna ea fana ka leseli la kutloisiso ea liqeto tsa IGD. Boithuto bo senotse hore lithuto tsa IGD li bonts'a ho fokotseha ha ho nahanoa ka liphetho tsa boiphihlelo ha li etsa liqeto tsa nako e tlang⁵². Ha u etsa liqeto lipakeng tsa ho nka karolo liphihlelong tse putsang hanghang (mohlala, ho bapala inthaneteng) le litlamorao tse mpe tsa nako e telele (mohlala, ho sebelisa nako e sebelisitsoeng papaling ho etsa mesebetsi e amanang le katleho e telele ea mosebetsi), batho ba nang le IGD ba ka nkuoa e le ho bonts'a papali "Myopia bakeng sa bokamoso", joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe bokhoba ba lithethefatsi⁵⁷^,58^,59. Khokahano e matla ea marangrang a moputso oa moputso oa hang-hang e ka fetisa ts'ebetso ea qeto ho thibela tšusumetso, e ka ba ho utloahala ho hlalosa ts'ebetso ea ho etsa liqeto mabapi le moputso oa mantlha, e hlahisang boits'oaro bo bobebe ba ho bapala papali ea inthanete. Ntle le moo, litloaelo tse batlang moputso li ka matlafatsoa ka liphihlelo tsa nakoana tsa inthanete, tse lebisang ho potoloha e mpe ea papali e lemaletseng Inthaneteng e bapalang.⁷.

Ho akaretsa, phuputso ena e bonts'itse hore liphetoho (tse fokotsehang / tse eketsehang) ho synchrony ea li-network tsa lihlooho tsa IGD li fana ka maikutlo a ts'ebetso e sa sebetseng / e fetelletseng ka har'a lipotoloho tsa methapo e tsamaisang lits'ebetso tsena. Karolo e khelohileng lipakeng tsa netweke ea taolo ea phethahatso le netweke ea meputso e fana ka maikutlo a hore ho senyeha taolong ea phethahatso ho lebisa ho thibelo e sa sebetseng ea litakatso tse matlafalitsoeng tsa papali e fetelletseng ea inthanete. Liphetho tsena li ka fana ka leseli la kutloisiso ea mechini ea IGD. Ntle le moo, likarolo tse ts'oanang lipakeng tsa IGD le lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi (ka mohlala, ho itšetleha ka Heroin) li fana ka maikutlo a hore IGD e ka arolelana metheo e tšoanang ea methapo le mefuta e meng ea tahi.

sheba mefokolo ea

Mefokolo e mengata e lokela ho rarolloa mona. Taba ea mantlha, hobane ho na le basali ba fokolang feela ba lemaletseng lipapali tsa inthanete, re khethile feela lithuto tsa banna thutong ena. Ho se leka-lekane ka bong ho ka fokotsa liqeto tsa hoqetela. Taba ea bobeli, ha re bala litšebelisano lipakeng tsa marang-rang a taolo le marang-rang a meputso, re khethile NAcc e le peo e ipapisitseng le ts'ebetso ea NAcc le lingoliloeng tse fetileng. Ha re tsebe hore na ho na le lipeo tse betere bakeng sa lipalo tsena. Taba ea boraro, thuto ea hajoale e senotse feela hore maemo a teng hona joale lihloohong tsa IAD, re ke ke ra fihlela liqeto lipakeng tsa lintlha tsena. Ntlha ea bone, ha re khetha li-ROI tse nepahetseng tsa lefats'e bakeng sa marang-rang a taolo ea taolo, re sebelisitse likhokahano tse lumellanang ho latela lefats'e le letšehali, e ka bang lebaka leo ka lona li-index tse karolong e nepahetseng ea lefatše li leng tlase ho feta lefats'eng le letšehali.

Menehelo ea Mongoli

GD e qapile tlhahlobo eo mme ea ngola moralo oa pele oa buka e ngotsoeng ka letsoho. XL le XD li ile tsa bokella le ho lekola lintlha, tsa lokisa lipalo. YH le CX ba ile ba buisana ka liphetho, ba eletsoa mabapi le ho toloka 'me ba kenya letsoho tsebisong ea ho qetela ea buka e ngotsoeng ka letsoho. Bangoli bohle ba kentse letsoho ho tšehetsa buka e ngotsoeng ea ho qetela.

lumela hore baa fokola

Patlisiso ena e ne e tšehelitsoe ke National Natural Science Foundation ea China (31371023). Mofani oa chelete o ne a sena karolo e 'ngoe morerong oa ho ithuta; ho bokella, ho sekaseka le ho toloka data; mangolong a tlaleho eo; kapa ka qeto ea ho tlisa pampiri hore e phatlalatsoe.

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