J Behav Addict. 2017 Aug 17: 1-3. doi: 10.1556 / 2006.6.2017.049.
Higuchi S1, Nakayama H1, Mihara S1, Maezono M1, Kitayuguchi T.1, Hashimoto T.1.
HO HLOKA
Lintlha tse tsoang setsing se khethehileng sa kalafo bakeng sa ho lemalla inthanete (IA) Japane li bontšitse hore (a) bongata ba batho ba batlang kalafo ba lemaletse lipapali tsa inthanete, (b) matšoao a bona hangata a matla haholo, mme (c) ho na le tlhoko ea bohlokoa bakeng sa kalafo ea IA. Ntle le moo, litšitiso tsa ts'ebetso ea phano ea lits'ebeletso tsa bongaka Japane li teng ka lebaka la kheletso ea litekanyetso tsa IA ho ICD-10. Ka lebaka leo, ho kenyelletsoa ha litekanyetso tsa GD ho ICD-11 ho kanna ha eketsa bokhoni le boleng ba kalafo ka tsoelo-pele ea lipatlisiso le liphetoho tse ka bang teng lits'ebetsong tsa bongaka tsa naha ho fihlela tlhokeho ea kalafo.
LINKOTSO: ICD-11; matšoao a bongaka; boloetse ba ho bapala; tlhokeho ea kalafo; ba batlang kalafo
PMID: 28816497
Mofuta oa morao-rao oa moralo oa beta oa ntlafatso ea leshome le motso o mong ea Tlhophiso ea Machaba ea Mafu (ICD-11), e lokollotsoeng ka Mphalane 11, e kenyelelitse tlhaloso ea boloetse bo bocha, "boloetse ba papali" (GD) (Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo, 2016). Ho latela tlhaloso ena, GD e khetholloa ka (a) taolo e sa sebetseng ea papali, (b) ho eketsa papali ea papali ho feta mesebetsi e meng ho fihlela papali e etella pele lithahasello le mesebetsi e meng, le (c) tsoelo-pele ea papali ho sa natsoe ketsahalo ya ditlamorao tse mpe. E boetse e boletse hore "mokhoa oa boits'oaro o matla haholo ho baka tšenyo e kholo maemong a motho ka mong, a lelapa, a sechaba, a thuto, a mosebetsi kapa a mang a bohlokoa."
E le ho arabela phetoho e fumanehang mofuteng oa ICD-11, sehlopha sa litsebi se sa tsoa hatisa maikutlo moo ba neng ba nyatsa ho kenyeletsoa ha GD (Aarseth et al., 2016). Ba hlahisitse lintlha tse 'maloa mme ba re, "ha ho fanoa ka ho se ts'oanelehe ha bopaki bo teng, bo tla ama maphelo a limilione tsa libapali tsa video tse phetseng hantle ha li ntse li se na monyetla oa ho fana ka boitsebiso bo nepahetseng ba linyeoe tsa mathata," mme ba etsa tlhahiso ea ho tlosoa hoa tlhahiso sehlopha sa GD se tsoang ICD-11. Likarabo litlhalosong tsena, tse hlophisitsoeng ke sehlopha sa litsebi, tseo boholo ba tsona li kentseng letsoho ntlafatsong ea litlhaloso le litataiso tsa tlhahlobo ea bongaka tsa GD, li phatlalalitsoe kapa li tla phatlalatsoa haufinyane. Har'a tsena, Saunders et al. (mochine oa khatiso) ba phatlalalitse tlhahlobo e khuts'oane empa e felletseng ea GD moo ba ileng ba fana ka litlhaloso tse 'maloa, ho kenyelletsa le tse amanang le boleng bo tlase ba lipatlisiso bo ipapisitseng le GD le ho its'etleha ho litekanyetso tse sebelisitsoeng ts'ebelisong ea lithethefatsi le papali ea chelete, ho hlalosa GD. Billieux et al. (mochine oa khatiso) a pheha khang ea hore ho kenyelletsoa ha kholofalo ea ts'ebetso e le moelelo oa mantlha tlhalosong ea GD ho bohlokoa ebile ho hatela pele lebaleng la lipapali tse sa sebetseng, mme ho ka thusa ho thibela tlhatlhobo e fetelletseng le moloko oa letsoalo, e leng Aarseth et al. (2016ba boletse. Tlhalosong ena e khuts'oane, re pheha khang ea ho kenyeletsoa litekanyetso tsa GD ho ICD-11 ho ipapisitse le boiphihlelo ba rona ba bongaka.
Setsi sa rona, Setsi sa Naha sa Lipetlele sa Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, se Yokosuka, Japane, se butse tleliniki ea litsebi bakeng sa kalafo ea se hlalositsoeng e le "bokhoba ba inthanete" (IA), ea pele ea mofuta ona Japane, ka 2011. Ho tloha ka nako eo palo ea bakuli ba etileng setsing sa rona bakeng sa kalafo ea IA e eketsehile butle-butle. Ho ea ka lipalo-palo tse hlophisitsoeng ke setsi sa rona, hoo e ka bang 90% ea bakuli bana ba bapala lipapali tsa inthanete ka mokhoa o fetelletseng mme ba ba le litlamorao tsa bophelo bo botle le kahisano. Ka 2016, setsi sena se ne se na le bakuli ba 252 ba bacha. Leha ho le joalo, ke bakuli ba 153 feela ba hlileng ba hlahileng setsing sa rona sa kalafo. Maemong a 99 a setseng (39.3%), ke batsoali le / kapa litho tse ling tsa lelapa feela ba kopaneng le rona. Hoo e batlang e le motsoali e mong le e mong o bontšitse takatso ea ho tlisa bana ba bona setsing sa rona bakeng sa kalafo ea IA, empa ba hanne ho tla, leha matšoao a bona a IA a ne a le matla khafetsa, haholo mabapi le bophelo bo botle le phello ea sechaba. Maemong a mang, batsoali ba ne ba tšaba ho halefa bana ba bona hoo ba neng ba ikutloa ba sitoa ho ba susumetsa ho batla kalafo bakeng sa boemo ba bona. Joalokaha ho hlalositsoe tlalehong ea lipatlisiso eo re e fileng mmuso oa Japane, setsi sa rona se ile sa hlahloba bakuli ba 108 ba nang le IA lipakeng tsa 2012 le 2013 (Higuchi, 2014). Har'a bakuli bao, phetoho ea bosiu le motšehare e fumanoe ho linyeoe tse 41%, tlhekefetso ea mantsoe / 'mele ho 32%, ho ikhula sechabeng le ho koala ka 36%, le mathata a amanang le chelete ho 24% ea linyeoe.
Nako ea ho emela kalafo setsing sa rona e telele. Ka boiteko ba ho sebetsana le maemo, re boloka lipehelo tsa tlhahlobo ea bongaka ea bakuli ea pele likhoeling tse ling le tse ling tse 4. Leha ho le joalo, libaka tse fumanehang tsa peeletso hangata li nkuoa nakong ea matsatsi a 1-2. Sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore ho na le tlhoko e kholo ea kalafo ea IA, eo sistimi ea bongaka ea Japane e sitoang ho e fihlela hajoale. Ho fihla hajoale, litheko tse amanang le bakuli ba IA li se li behiloe maemong a tlase ha li bapisoa le tsa bakuli ba nang le mathata a mang a kelello, hobane litataiso tsa tlhahlobo ea IA kapa GD ha li kenyelelitsoe ntlafatsong ea leshome ea Lenaneo la Machaba la Mafu (ICD-10) . Sistimi ea bongaka ea Japane e hokahane le ICD mme ka lebaka leo mmuso o ahlotse hore IA ha se bothata bo lumelletsoeng ka molao ho fihlela joale. Ho feta moo, ho hlahloba bakuli ba IA ho nka nako e teletsana ho feta bakuli ba nang le mafu a mang a kelello, hobane palo e kholo ea bakuli ba IA ke bacha ba nang le mafu a mangata haholo mme hape re hloka ho sebetsana le litletlebo le khatello ea maikutlo har'a litho tsa malapa, ka lebaka la GD ea bakuli. Lintlha tsena li sebetsa e le litšitiso bakeng sa ho eketsa palo ea lingaka le litsi tsa kalafo tse ka fanang ka kalafo e khethehileng bakeng sa IA, ho sa natsoe tlhoko e matla ea ho fihlela tlhokeho ena.
Ho theha tlhaloso ea GD ho bohlokoa hape ho ntšetsa pele lipatlisiso. Litataiso tsa tlhahlobo ea GD li tla fana ka motheo o hlakileng oa hore na lipatlisiso libakeng tse fapaneng li ka ntlafatsoa joang. The Buka ea ho hlahloba le ea Statistical ea Mathata a kelello, Khatiso ea Bohlano (DSM-5) e se e ntse e kenyelletsa litekanyetso tsa tlhahlobo ea bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete (IGD) (Mokhatlo oa Mahlale oa Amerika, 2013). Le ha tsena li le Karolong ea III le maemo a bona a pele, leha ho le joalo ba hohetse litlatsetso tse ngata tse mahlonoko ka litaba tsa bona le lintlha tse loketseng tse khaotsoeng (Griffiths et al., 2016), 'Me ho kenyelletsoa ha tsona ntle le pelaelo ho matlafalitse lipatlisiso ho IGD le libakeng tse amanang le eona. Nalane ea IA, GD, le IGD e ntse e le khuts'oane ka hona pokello ea bopaki ba lipatlisiso e maemong a pele, ha e bapisoa le ea ho itšetleha ka lithethefatsi le mathata a mang a maholo a kelello. Leha ho le joalo, lipatlisiso tsa thibelo le taolo ea GD lia hatella, ka lebaka la boholo ba mathata a amanang le bothata bo bontšitsoeng bo le teng libakeng tse ngata tsa lefats'e (Mihara & Higuchi, 2017). Japane, joalo ka ha ho boletsoe kaholimo, sistimi ea bongaka ea bongaka e amohela ICD. Ka litekanyetso tsa GD li sa kenyelletsoa ho ICD-10, phihlello ea lithuso tsa lipatlisiso tsa mmuso lihloohong tse amanang le IA le GD li na le moeli. Haeba litlhaloso le litataiso tsa tlhatlhobo ea GD li ka kenyelletsoa ho ICD-11 e ne e tla ntlafatsa phihlello ea lithuso tsa lipatlisiso ho la Japane, tseo ntle ho pelaelo li tla eketsa boleng le bongata ba lipatlisiso boemong boo.
Aarseth et al. (2016) ba boletse tlhahlobisong ea bona hore "boholo ba bapalami ba phetseng hantle ba tla angoa ke sekhobo mme mohlomong le liphetoho leanong" e le le leng la mabaka a ho fana ka maikutlo a ho tlosoa ha tlhaloso ea GD ho tsoa ho mofuta o hlophisitsoeng oa ICD-11. Leha ho le joalo, Japane, poleloana "IA kapa ho itšetleha ka marang-rang" e sebelisitsoe haholo khale pele puisano ea IGD kapa GD e qala, empa ka tlhaloso e fosahetseng ea mohopolo le matšoao a matšoao. Boemo bona bo bonahala bo bonahala linaheng tse ling tse ngata (ho ipapisitsoe le puisano ea motho ka mong le Dr. Poznyak oa WHO), ho bolelang hore sekhobo leha e le sefe e ke ke ea e-ba ntho e ncha e hlahang ka lebaka la kenyelletso ea tlhaloso ea GD morerong oa ICD-11. Ntle le moo, ho fihlela hona joale, ha re na boikhethelo bo bong haese ho sebelisa IA le / kapa "diagnostic impulsive control disorder" (F63.8) "ho ICD-10 ha re etsa tlhahlobo ea mafu. Kenyelletso ea litekanyetso tsa GD, e bontšang moeli o hlakileng lipakeng tsa tloaelo le bokuli, e lokela ho qoba ho tseba ho feta tekano le ho ntlafatsa ho fapana le ho mpefatsa boemo bo amanang le boits'oaro.
Qetellong le ho bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, re kopa babali ho nahana ka bacha bao le bacha ba nang le GD ba hlokang kalafo, ba patiloeng moriting oa libapali tse phetseng hantle. Re hloka ho sebetsana le maemo a hajoale 'me re ke ke ra emela ho fihlela litekanyetso tsa GD li kenyellelitsoe ntlafatsong ea bo12 ea Tlhophiso ea Machaba ea Maloetse (ICD-12), e ka nkang lilemo tse 20 kapa ho feta. Ho kenyelletsoa ha litlhaloso tsa tataiso le tlhahlobo ea lefu lena ho ICD-11 ho kanna ha eketsa bokhoni le boleng ba kalafo ka tsoelo-pele ea lipatlisiso le liphetoho tse ka bang teng lits'ebetsong tsa bongaka tsa naha, mona le Japane le machabeng.
Menehelo ea bangoli
Bangoli bohle ba kentse letsoho ho bokelleng tlhaiso-leseling ho hlophisa buka ena e ngotsoeng ka letsoho. SH o ngotse sengoloa sa pele sa letsoho, mme bangoli bohle ba kentse letsoho le ho amohela sengoloa sa ho qetela.
Khohlano ea thahasello
Bangoli ha ba na likamano tsa lichelete le mekhatlo efe kapa efe e ka bang le thahasello mosebetsing o tlisitsoeng. Ha ba na likamano tse ling kapa mesebetsi e ka susumetsang kapa ea bonahala e susumetsa mosebetsi o tlisitsoeng.
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