Ka pele. Psychiatry, 03 April 2018 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00099
Shuai Wang1,2, Jing Liu3, 
Limin Chen1, Jun Wang1, Qunfeng Tang5, Fuquan Zhang1 'me Zhenhe Zhou1,2*
- 1Lefapha la Psychiki, Setsi sa bophelo bo botle ba kelello sa Wuxi sa Unanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- 2Wuxi Tongren Sepetlele sa Tlhabollo ea Machaba, Wuxi, China
- 3Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- 4Lefapha la Tjello ea Lithethefatsi, Setsi sa bophelo bo botle sa kelello sa Wuxi se kopaneng ea Univesithi ea bongaka ea Nanjing, Wuxi, China
- 5Lefapha la Boikoaro ba Bongaka, Sepetlele sa Batho sa Wuxi se amanang le Yunivesithi ea Bongaka ea Nanjing, Wuxi, China
Ka keketseho e ntseng e eketseha ea tšebeliso ea marang-rang, bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete (IGD) bo fumane tlhokomelo e kholo lefatšeng ka bophara. Leha ho le joalo, liphetoho tse hlakileng tsa moralological metabolism li lula li sa tsebahale ho bacha ba nang le IGD. Thutong ea morao-rao, sepheo sa rona e ne e le ho etsa lipatlisiso ka cortical morphology le ho hlahloba kamano e teng pakeng tsa cortical morphology le ho teba ha matšoao ho bacha ba banna ba nang le IGD. Bacha ba mashome a mane a metso e robeli ba batona ba nang le lilemo tsa IGD le 32- le li-taolo tse tšoanang tsa thuto ba ile ba fumana scansance imaging imaging scann. Re sebelisitse mokhoa o sa tsoa thehiloe oa morphometric o sa tsoa rereloa ho lekanya bokete ba cortical (CT). Re fumane hore bacha ba nang le IGD ba bonts'a mofuta o mong oa ho eketseha ha "CT" ka har'a lefatše le ho tsetela ka tlase ho "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" kelello e lesefe le ea moea o tlase. Ho feta moo, CT e fokotsehileng haholo e fumanoe libakeng tse 'maloa tsa boko ho bacha ba nang le IGD, ho kenyelletsa le libanka tse ikopantseng tsa "temple" e phahameng ea nakoana, "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "cycy "" "" "" "" "cycy "" "" "" "" "" "cycycycy e nepahetseng. " Ntle le moo, bacha ba nang le IGD ba bontšitse khokahano e ntle haholo pakeng tsa leqhetsoana la sefahleho le letšehali la C. Lintlha tsa rona li fana ka bopaki ba ho fumanoa ha mofuta o sa tloaelehang oa CT libakeng tse tsoang lipakeng tsa kokoana-hloko le ho tšehetsa maikutlo a hore litlolo tse fetotsoeng tsa molao tse hlokometsoeng ts'ebelisong ea lithethefatsi le tsona li bontšoa ho IGD. Tlhahisoleseling e joalo e phahamisa tsebo ea hona joale mabapi le ho hlophisoa bocha ka bokong ba IGD mme e ka thusa boiteko ba nakong e tlang ho khetholla karolo ea ho kenella moferefereng bothateng bona.
Selelekela
Ho latela phatlalatso e matla ea Setsi sa Tlhahisoleseling sa Marang-rang sa China, ho fihlela ka December 2017, palo ea baahi ba netizens Chaena e fihlile 772 milione, e le palo ea palo e le 'ngoe ho tse hlano ea basebelisi ba marang-rang lefatšeng ka bophara.1 Ka ho tsebahala ho potlakileng ha inthanete, ho makatsa ha mathata a bophelo bo botle kapa khatello ea maikutlo e bakoang ke tšebeliso e mpe ea marang-rang e fihlile tlhokomelong ea litsebi tsa bongaka le tsa bophelo bo botle.1-7). Patlisiso mabapi le tšebeliso e mpe ea Marang-rang e fetohile sebaka se ithutoang ka potlako (8, 9). Ho amohela liphuputso tse seng li hatisitsoe lefapheng lena, Karolo ea boraro ea DSM-5 e thathamisitse "Internet lipapali tsa lipapatso" (IGD) e le boemo bo hlokang lipatlisiso tse ling pele bo ka tsebisoa ka molao e le pherekano e ikemetseng ea kliniki (10). Joalo ka khetho ea motho ea lemaletseng boitšoaro, IGD e hlalositsoe e le "tšebeliso e sa khaotseng le e sebelisoang inthaneteng ho etsa lipapali" (11) hape e hapile tlhokomelo e kholo lefatšeng ka bophara. Litsebi kahare ho tšimo li khothalelitsoe ho fana ka bopaki bo matla bakeng sa sehlopha sena se ka hlahang sa kliniki ka ho sebelisa mekhoa e fapaneng ea thuto e kang lefu la mafu a kelello, psychosociology, le neuroimaging. Mohlala, lithuto tsa mafu a tšoaetso li bonts'itse hore kakaretso ea IGD e tloha 0.7 ho isa 15.6% lithutong tsa batho ba tlhaho, ka liperesente tse lekanang tsa 4.7% lilemong (12). Ntle le moo, ho bile le meetso e mengata ea theoretical bakeng sa ho khothatsa hypotheses tse hlakileng mechineng e thehiloeng tlhahisong ea bongaka ea IGD, e ka thusang molemong oa nts'etsopele ea khopolo ea lisebelisoa tsa kalafo le kalafo (12-15).
Tsoelo-pele ea mahlale a morao-rao ea neuroimaging, haholo-holo e sa hlaselleng mohopolo oa "imagic" e se nang tlhahlobo ea maqhubu, e entse hore ho khonehe ho lekola litšobotsi tsa boko le tšebetso tsa IGD (9). Bopaki ba boiphetolo bo bontšitse hore liphetoho tsa sebopeho sa boko li ne li amahanngoa le batho ba nang le IGD, e neng e fana ka maikutlo a motheo o tšehetsang methapo ea methapo bakeng sa IGD (8). Mohlala, Han et al. (16) e tlalehiloe e eketsehile ka molumo oa litaba oa thalamus e ka letsohong le letšehali ho batho ba nang le IGD, le Zhou et al. tlalehiloe e fokotsehile ka taba ea bohloeki ba "cortex" ea letsoho le letšehali mme batho ba nang le IGD (batho ba nang le IGD)17). Mabapi le liphetoho tse joalo tsa sebopeho, ho bile le tlhaloso e nang le tšusumetso ea hore methapo ea methapo e ka tlas'a IGD e tšoana le ea bokhoba ba lithethefatsi (14, 18). Leha litekanyetso tse joalo tsa boits'oaro li sa kenyeletse joala kapa lik'hemik'hale, bopaki bo ithutile bo bonts'a hore likarolo tse ngata tsa bokhoba ba boitšoaro bo ts'oana le ba bokhoba ba lithethefatsi (19, 20). Mohlala, karolo e tloaelehileng ea "neurobiological" nakong ea phomolo (21) le ho ts'oaroa ho tšoanang le mathata a phahameng a tlalehiloe lipakeng tsa IGD le bokuli ba tšebeliso ea joala (20). Potso e bulehileng ke hore na litlolo tse fetotsoeng tsa sebopeho sa lithethefatsi le tsona li bonahala ho IGD.
Lilemong tse mashome tse fetileng, tsoelo-pele e kholo e entsoe ka mekhoa le ts'ebeliso ea cortical holim'a morphometry e thehiloeng ho MRI ea sebopeho (22). Boithuto ba pejana bo supile hore 'mapa oa boko o thehiloeng holim'a bokamoso o ka fana ka melemo holim'a' mapa oa boko o thehiloeng ho palo ho nka sebopeho se setle sa comyical anatomy, kaha e fana ka letoto la mehato ea cortical e nang le litlhaloso tsa anatomical, joalo ka botenya ba cortical (CT) (22, 23). Ho fihlela tsebo eohle ea rona, ho fihlela joale, liphuputso tse fokolang haholo li entse 'mapa oa boko ho batho ba nang le IGD. Ka mokhoa o khothatsang, joalo ka litšupiso tse ka bapisoang, phuputso e le 'ngoe e bontšitse phokotso ea orbitofrontal CT ho bacha ba batona ba lemaletseng ts'ebeliso ea inthanete (24), e 'ngoe e senoletse mokhoa o fetotsoeng oa CT bongoaneng ka bokhoba ba papali ea marang-rang (25). Leha ho le joalo, lithuto tsena ka bobeli li entsoe pele ho phatlalatsoa DSM-5, 'me mekhoa e fapaneng e ile ea sebelisoa ho lithuto tseo kaofela. Ke tumelo ea rona hore likarolo tsa cortical anatomy ho IGD ha li tsejoe hantle; ebile kamano ea eona le matšoao a IGD. Ka hona, ho hlokahala ho hlahloba likarolo tsa morphological tsa IGD u sebelisa mokhoa o mocha oa DSM-5. Phuputsong ea hona joale, re sebelisitse mekhoa e sebelisang sebopeho sa morphometry (SBM) ho hlahloba liphetoho tsa mofuta oa bongo ho bacha ba banna ba nang le IGD. Ho latela liphumano tse fetileng tse tsoang liphuputsong mabapi le IGD (8, 24, 25) le bokhoba ba lithethefatsi (26), re khothalelitse hore bacha ba banna ba nang le IGD ba kanna ba eketseha ka tekanyo ea lefu la HIV. Ho nka hore ts'ebetso e ntlafalitsoe e le ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho thehoa le ho bolokoa ha IGD (15), re boetse re nahana hore ho eketseha ha mofuta oa manonyeletso ho ka amahanngoa le ho teba ha matšoao ho bacha ba banna ba nang le IGD.
Lisebelisoa le mekhoa
barupeluoa ba
Barupeluoa bohle ba ile ba hloahloa ho tsoa liunivesithing tsa lehae le sechaba se haufi dessyecik lipapatso le lentsoe la molomo. Barupeluoa ba ile ba khethoa pele ho lipotso tsa marang-rang le ho hlahlojoa ka mohala. Ha ho fanoa ka keketseho e phahameng ea bokhoba ba marang-rang ho banna le basali naheng ea China (27, 28), ho ile ha kenyelletsoa karolo ea banna feela. Bacha ba mashome a mane a metso e robeli ba tlalehileng lipapali tsa marang-rang e le ts'ebetso ea bona ea mantlha ea marang-rang ba ile ba kopana le bonyane tse hlano tsa lintlha tse robong tsa DSM-5 tsa IGD (10). Boitšoaro ba semolao ba Marang-rang bo ile ba hlahlojoa ka mofuta oa China oa Teko ea Tlatsetso ea Inthanete (IAT) (29). IAT e kenyelletsa lintho tsa 20 sethaleng sa 5-point Likert (e tšoailoe ho tloha 1 ho 5) e bonts'ang boemo ba ts'ebeliso ea inthanete, e nang le tumellano e ntle ea kahare le bonnete bo tšoanang (30, 31). Ha ba phahama ka bongata, mathata a bakoang ke tšebeliso ea inthanete a maholoanyane. Lihlooho tsohle tsa IGD li khotsofetse ke lintlha tsa tsona ho IAT ho feta lintlha tse ntlafalitsoeng (ke hore, ≥50) (32, 33). Bacha ba batona ba neng ba sa khotsofatse mekhoa e boletsoeng ea IGD ba ile ba khethoa pele e le taolo e tloaelehileng (NCs). Har'a bona, barupeluoa ba 32 ba ne ba ikemiselitse e le li-NC ho latela palo ea bona ea tlase ho 30 ho IAT. Li-NC li khotsofetse ka tlase ho tse 'ne ho tse' ne tsa mekhoa e robong ea IGD e khothalletsoang ke DSM-5. Barupeluoa bohle ba ile ba tsamaea ka letsoho le letona joalo ka ha ho hlahlojoa le Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (34). Sesebelisoa se khutšoanyane se hlophisitsoeng sa tlhahlobo ea bongaka, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Puisano (35), e ne e sebelisetsoa ho hlahlobisisa mafu a mangata a kelello. Mekhoa ea ho lelekoa ho barupeluoa e ne e kenyelletsa psychology ea intracranial, ho lemala ha bokong, ho senyeha ha methapo ea kelello, mathata a mangata a kelello, tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi, li-contraindication bakeng sa litlhahlobo tsa MRI, le ho sisinyeha ha hlooho ka tsela e feteletseng. Litšobotsi tsa palo ea bacha ba nang le IGD le li-NC li hlalositsoe ka bokhutšoanyane ho Lethathamo 1.
Lethathamo 1. Litšobotsi tsa palo ea bacha ba nang le IGD le li-NC.
Tlhaloso ea Lintho tsa MRI
Mekhabo ea lipono tsa Magnetic resonance imaging e fumanoe ka ho sebelisa 3.0 Tesla Magnetom Trio Tim (Nokia Medical System, Erlangen, Jeremane) Lefapheng la Bongaka ba Bongaka, Sepetlele sa Batho ba Wuxi se kopaneng sa Univesithi ea Bongaka ea Nanjing. Liforo tsa foam li ne li sebelisoa ho fokotsa ho sisinyeha ha hlooho le lerata la scanner. Litšoantšo tse boima ba T1 tse nang le likarolo tse tharo li fumanoe ka ho sebelisa tatellano ea 3D-MPRAGE ka litekanyetso tse latelang: ho pheta-pheta = 2,300 ms, time echo = 2.98 ms, flip angle = 9 °, size matrix = 256 × 256, uwanja oa pono = 256 mm x 256 mm, mela ea 160 sagittal, letheba le tsitsitseng = 1.2 mm, boholo ba voxel = 1 mm x 1 mm x 1.2 mm, le nako eohle ea ho fumana = 303 s.
Thulaganyo ya data ya MRI
Ho supa phetisetso ea cortical ho bacha ba nang le IGD, SBM e entsoe ka lebokose la lisebelisoa la CAT2 ka software ea SPM12.3 Tlhaloso e qaqileng ea ts'ebetso ea ho sebetsa ea lebokose la lisebelisoa tsa CAT e ka fumanoa kae kapa kae.4 Ka bokhutšoanyane, lebokose lena la lisebelisoa le sebelisa mokhoa o ikemetseng o lumellang tekanyo ea CT le ho hlophisa bocha bohare bohareng mohatong o le mong. E sebelisa sekhechana sa thipa ho hakanyetsa bolelele bo bosoeu (WM), ebe e hlahisa maxima (e lekanang le CT) ho li-voxels tse ling tse bohlooho ka ho sebelisa kamano ea moahisani e hlalositsoeng ke sebaka sa WM. Bophahamo bona bo thehiloeng mohopolo bo lumella ho sebetsana le tlhaiso-leseling ea litaba, bokhutšoanyane ba scalmet le li-asymmetries tse sa hlokeng ho hlakisoa ha mofuta oa sona ka botlalo (36). Bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea lipalo ea tekanyo ea bokantle, litšoantšo tsa CT li ile tsa ntlafatsoa ka 15 mm e felletseng e nang le halofo ea halofo ea Gaussian kernel.
Tlhahlobo ea Litekanyetso
Ho bona bohlokoa ba lipalo-palo tsa lihlopha tse fapaneng lipakeng tsa palo ea batho lipakeng tsa bacha ba nang le IGD le li-NC, ke tsa Baithuti t-Test e sebelisitsoe. Ho tseba phetoho ea cortical ho bacha ba nang le IGD, re sebelisitse tlhahlobo ea mohlala oa covariance le sehlopha sa boits'oaro e le phetoho e tsitsitseng, ho kenyelletsa le lilemo e le lets'oao le ferekanyang. Bereho ea lintlha tsohle tse entsoeng ka bohlale bo phethahetseng P <0.05 (li-tailed tse peli) li sebelisitsoe papisong eohle ho netefatsa lipalo-palo. Joale, ho ntšetsa pele ho hlakisa kamano lipakeng tsa morpholoji ea bokokotlo le ho tiea ha matšoao (ho bonts'itsoeng ke palo e felletseng ea IAT) ho bacha ba nang le IGD le li-NC, ka ho latellana, mofuta oa khatello o nang le lintlha tse felletseng tsa IAT joalo ka ha ho ne ho sebelisoa phapano e ikemetseng. Kaha boemo ba thuto le lilemo li ne li hokahane haholo ho bacha ba nang le IGD (P <0.001) le li-NC (P <0.001), mofuta oa khatello e mengata o ne o kenyelletsa lilemo feela e le covariate e ferekanyang. Bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo, re khutsisitse ntlha ea bohlokoa ea boemo ba tlhoro ho 0.001 (e mehatla e 'meli, e sa nepisoang) le monyako oa bohlokoa ba sehlopha sa sehlopha sa boholo ba sehlopha>> 100. Morero oa ho hasanya oa kamano lipakeng tsa lintlha tse felletseng tsa IAT le boleng ba boleng ba CT bo thehiloe ho sebelisoa Prism ea GraphPad.5 Ho tsebahatsoa ha libaka tsa boko ho ne ho reriloe ke mekhabo ea bongo ea Desikan-Killiany (37).
Results
Bacha ba mashome a mane a metso e robeli ba nang le IGD le 32 NCs ba ile ba hlahlojoa thutong ea hona joale. Ha ho liphapang tse kholo tse fumanoeng pakeng tsa bacha ba nang le IGD le li-NC ka lilemo le thuto. Ha ho bapisoa le li-NC, bacha ba nang le IGD ba bontšitse keketseho e kholo ea palo eohle ea IAT le ho tlaleha nako ea ho bapala lipapali le litekanyetso tsa mekhoa ea DSM-5 (Lethathamo 1).
Ha ho bapisoa le li-NCs, libaka tsa boko tse nang le "CT" tse ngata li eketsehile haholo li fumanoe ho bacha ba nang le IGD, ho kenyelletsa insulae ea naha le "gyrus" e tlase e nepahetseng. 2). Ho feta moo, li-CT tse fokotsehileng haholo li fumanoe libakeng tse 'maloa tsa boko ho bacha ba nang le IGD, ho kenyelletsa le libanka tse ikopantseng tsa "temple" e phahameng ea nakoana temprical, cortex e nepahetseng e tlase, tokelo ea mantlha ea mantlha, le gyrus e nepahetseng ea pele (Tafole 2). Ho bacha ba nang le IGD, tlhahlobo ea regression e senoletse hore boleng ba CT mohlaleng o ka letsohong le letšehali bo ne bo hokahane hantle le lintlha tse felletseng tsa IAT (boholo ba sehlopheng = 285, hokahanya tlhoko ea MNIxyz = [−38, −1, −6], t = 4.19, bona Litšoantšo 2A, B). Ha ho bapisoa le li-NC, bacha ba nang le IGD ba bonts'a mekhoa e eketsehang haholo ea li-C. 2C). Ha ho likamano tse mpe tse mpe tse ileng tsa bonoa lipakeng tsa kakaretso ea lipalo tsa bana ba bana le ba IAT ho bacha ba nang le IGD. Ntle le moo, ha ho likhokahanyo tsa bohlokoa tse ileng tsa bonoa pakeng tsa lipalo tsa kakaretso tsa CT le IAT ho li-NC.
Lethathamo 2. Libaka tsa methapo e bonts'ang liphapang tsa sehlopha ho CT.
Puisano
Boithuto ba hona joale bo sebelisitse mokhoa oa SBM ho khetholla likarolo tsa cortical morphological ho bacha ba nang le IGD. Sephetho sa mantlha e ne e le hore bacha ba nang le IGD ba bile le liphetoho tse kholo tsa CT libakeng tse arolelitsoeng likhoerekhoere, ho kenyelletsa le li-cortices tse sa keneng, tsa parietal, tsa nakoana le tsa pele. Haholo-holo bacha ba nang le IGD ba bontšitse tšebelisano e kholo lipakeng tsa ho eketseha ho tebileng ha lefu la CT le pontšo ea IGD (e bonts'itsoeng ke lintlha tse felletseng tsa IAT). Liphumano tsena li fana ka bopaki bo bocha ba litlolo tsa cortical morphological ho IGD mme li totobatsa karolo ea bohlokoa e bapaloang ke insula ponts'ong ea matšoao a lefu lena.
Boithuto bo fetileng bo bontšitse libaka tse 'maloa tsa boko tse amanang le IGD, joalo ka amygdala (38), insula (39, 40), precuneus (41), le "gyrus" e bohareng ea moea42). Tumellanong le lingoliloeng, boithuto ba hona joale bo senoletse mokhoa o sa abuoang oa ho sa tloaeleha ha CT ho bacha ba nang le IGD, ho kenyelletsa le ts'ireletso, sistra e phahameng ea temporous, precuneus, gyrus ea pele, le gyrus e bohareng ea sekhahla (Setšoantšo. 1). Liphuputso tse fetileng li bontšitse hore ho bapala papali ea inthanete ho ne ho amana le likarolo tsa bokong tse ikarabellang bakeng sa tlhokomelo le taolo, taolo ea tšusumetso, ts'ebetso ea koloi, taolo ea maikutlo, le ts'ebelisano ea methapo ea kutlo (14). Ka hona hoa utloahala hore libaka tse ngata tsa boko li tlalehiloe e ka ba li-sub-subterates tsa boitšoaro bo lemalloang Inthaneteng (38, 39, 43).
Setšoantšo sa 1. Libaka tsa Brain tse nang le botenya bo sa tloaelehang ba cortical (CT) ho bacha ba banna ba nang le bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete (IGD). 'Mala o futhumetseng o bontša libaka tsa boko li bile li eketsehile CT,' me 'mala o batang o supa libaka tsa boko li fokotsehile ho Bacha ba nang le IGD. Mabala a mebala a bontša t boleng. L, ka ho le letšehali; R, ho lokile.
Setšoantšo sa 2. (A) Sethala se bonts'a setšoantšo sa boko bo ka morao ho le letšehali se bonts'ang khokahano lipakeng tsa botenya ba methapo ea methapo ea methapo (CT) le litekanyetso tsa Inthanete ea Tebeliso ea Marang-rang (IAT) kakaretso ea bacha ba banna ba nang le bothata ba lipapali tsa papali ea inthanete (IGD). Setšoantšo se ne se bipetsoe ka tekanyo e phahameng P <0.001 (mehatla e 'meli, e sa nepisoang) le boemo ba sehlopa bo thibetsoeng ka boholo ba sehlopha> 100 bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo. Mmala o mofuthu o supa khokahano e ntle, 'me bareng ea' mala ea bontša t litekanyetso. (B) Morero oa ho hasanya o bonts'a kamano lipakeng tsa mekhoa ea manonyeletso a koahetsoeng ka ho le letšehali la CT le IAT ka bongata ho bacha ba nang le IGD. R2, coeffanele ea boikemisetso. (C) Histogram e bonts'a mekhoa ea sehlopha sa batho ba IGD ba nang le IGD le li-taolo tse tloaelehileng. *P <0.05. Mehala ea liphoso e bonts'a SD.
Har'a lintho tseo re li fumaneng, ho hlonepha ha setsi sa C. le ho ba le tšebelisano le matšoao a IGD ho ne ho khahla haholo. Phumano ena e ne e tsamaisana le lithuto tsa pele tsa MRI (17, 25, 44), e bonts'ang phetoho e bonts'itseng liphetoho tsa moralo ho batho ba nang le IGD. Lintlha tsa rona li ne li boetse li tsamaisana le lithuto tsa morao-rao tse sebetsang tsa MRI, tseo e 'ngoe e ileng ea tlaleha tšebetso e ntlafalitsoeng ea ts'ebetso e kopanetsoeng ho batho ba nang le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete nakong ea mosebetsi oa ho ruta chelete.45). Zhang et al. (39) e hlokometse mokhoa o kopanetsoeng oa ts'ebeliso ea mokhoa oa ho kenella ka har'a lithuto le IGD, 'me sepheo sa tsona se tšehelitsoe ke lipatlisiso tse ling tse tlalehang kamano pakeng tsa ho teba ha IGD le ts'ebetso e thehiloeng ts'ebetsong ea ts'ebetso (40). Mabapi le ts'ebetso, ts'ebetso ho lumeloa hore e kenya karolo e kholo mesebetsing e fapaneng e kang ts'ebetso ea methapo e mengata (46), liqeto tsa ho etsa liqeto (47), boiphihlelo ba maikutlo (48), le taolo ea makoloi (49). Ntle le moo, ts'ebetso e khothalletsoa ho kopanya leseli le kahare le kantle ho phahamisa tlhokomeliso ea "maikutlo a" lefats'e la maikutlo "a thusang ho boloka maemo a amanang le homeostatic state (50, 51). Liphuputso tse entsoeng ka neuroimaging le lesion li khothalelitse hore moelelo o bapala karolo ea bohlokoa boits'oarong ba ho tsuba (ho tsuba koae)52, 53). Ho feta moo, Tanabe et al. e tlaleha hore insula cortex e ne e le kholo ho banna ba itšetlehileng ka lintho (26). Ho latela mofuta oa tlhahiso ea methapo ea methapo ea IGD (15), insula e lokela ho ba e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa bohlokoa tse kenyelletsang IGD, e bolokang takatso ea papali ea inthanete. Ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea kelello e ka ntlafatsa drive ho bapala papali ea Inthanete le ho fokolisa bokhoni ba ho thibela ts'ebetso mabapi le ketso ena. Kahoo, thuto ea rona e fane ka bopaki bo bocha bo tšehetsang mofuta ona oa IGD mme e totobalitse hore ho kenya letsoho ha ho kenella ka har'a ts'ebetso ea IGD ho tšoana le ha bokhoba ba lithethefatsi. Tlhahisoleseling e joalo e ka thusa ho theha maano a ho kenella a sebetsang. Mohlala, kalafo ea psychopharmacological le psychotherapy tse lebileng makaleng ho kenyeletsa le insula li ka sebetsa hantle ho fokotseng litakatso tsa batho ba nang le IGD. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, liphetho tsa rona li ne li bapisoa le se fumaneng ho tsoa thutong e fetileng ea SBM e ikemetseng, e tlalehileng e fokotse CT ea semola se setseng ho batho ka bomong (banna ba 12 le basali ba 6) ba lemaletseng papali ea papali ea inthanete (25). E sa lumellane le phetoho ea phetoho ea methapo ea methapo ea hau ea methapo ea mafu ("hemilateral")25), Phuputso e teng hona joale e bonts'itse CT e ngata ea batho ba nang le IGD ka bongata. Lebaka le leng le neng le ka ba teng la litlamorao tse sa lumellaneng e ne e le ho se tšoane ka mefuta ea likobo. Liphuputso tse fetileng li senotse hore thobalano ke modula oa bohlokoa oa boits'oaro bo amanang le inthanete (54). Leha phello ea thobalano ho batho ba nang le IGD e ntse e sa hlake, phuputso ea SBM ea morao-rao e bonts'itse ts'ebelisano-ka-thobalano ka thobalano e kenelletseng ho batho ba itšebelitseng ka tlasa lithethefatsi (ka batho ba ts'epahallang lithethefatsi).26). Mabaka a mang a ka 'na a amana le mokhoa, boholo ba sampole, le heterogeneity ea barupeluoa. Karolo e ikhethileng ea ho kenya ts'ebetsong ho IGD e hloka hore ho etsoe lipatlisiso tse ling lithutong tsa kamoso ka ho sebelisa moralo o hlakileng haholoanyane. Lintho tsohle tse amanang le tlhaho ka botlalo tse fumanehang ho ts'ebetso ea mantlha li bile le tšusumetso ho IGD. Seo re se fumaneng se eketsa tsebo ea hona joale mabapi le litšobotsi tse amanang le IGD tsa insular cortical morphological le mekhatlo ea tsona le matšoao a kliniki.
Sephetho se seng se khahlisang sa boithuto ba hona joale ke CT e fokotsehileng haholo bankeng ea naha ea STS. Libanka tsa STS, tse hlalosoang e le karolo ea kamorao ho STS (37, ba kenelletse ts'ebetsong ea lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tse kang ho lemoha ho sisinyeha ha sefahleho le lifahleho le kutloisiso ea mekhoa ea sechaba (55). Phuputso ea morao-rao e sebetsang ea MRI e fane ka bopaki ba hore poso ea ka morao ho STS e sebetsa e le setsi sa khokahano ea boko e hasantsoeng ea pono ea sechaba (56). Sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore karolo ea morao-rao ea STS e sebetsa hantle hammoho le li-circuits tse ling tsa boko mme e kanna ea kenyelletsa matšoao a sechaba a sebetsoang ke lits'oants'o tse ikhethang (56). Ho feta moo, lithuto tsa liteko li bonts'itse karolo ea STS maemong a nnete le lipapaling (57, 58). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, boteng ba STS bo ne bo amana ka ho khetheha le boholo ba marang-rang a marang-rang a batho ba phetseng hantle (58). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, mantsoe a hlapanyang a hlohlelletsa ts'ebetso e eketsehileng ho STS ha a bapisoa le mantsoe a seng monate ho bacha ba banyenyane le IGD (59). Tlhahlobo ea morao-rao ea meta e boetse e netefalitse hore STS e kentsoe "khopolong ea kelello" nakong ea lipuisano tsa batho le batho (60). Ka hona, re lumela hore ho fumana ha rona ho nka karolo ha STS ho IGD ke ntho eo re ka e nahanang, e re hlakisang sebopeho sa boko sa IGD. Leha ho le joalo, likarolo tse ikhethileng tsa STS ho IGD li hloka tlhahlobo e eketsehileng lithutong tsa nakong e tlang ka ho sebelisa mofuta o phethahetseng oa moralo o nahanang ka litlhoko tsa sebopeho le tšebetso.
Ho hlokahala hore ho hlahlojoe lintlha tse 'maloa. Taba ea mantlha, re sebelisitse mokhoa o neng o sa tsoa thehiloe oa boits'oaro bo lekantsoeng (36) bakeng sa litekanyo tsa CT lithutong tsa hona joale. Mokhoa o joalo o thehiloeng ka bokhabane o thusa ho hlophisoa ha tlhaiso-leseling ea leselinyana, ho fifala ha scal, le li-asymmetries tse sa hlokeng ho qaqisoa ka mokhoa o hlakileng oa sulcus dessyecik skeleton kapa mokhoa oa ho thella mme o ka ba o phahame ho isa maemong a itseng ho mekhoa e fetileng (22, 36). Taba ea bobeli, hore na litla-morao tsena tse bonoang ho data ea rona e bile litholoana kapa maemo a IGD e ntse e le potso e ntseng e lokela ho arajoa. Karabo e hloka lipatlisiso tse ling lithutong tse tlang ka ho sebelisa moralo o hlakileng haholoanyane. Taba ea boraro, boko ba Desikan-Killiany bo sebetsa le tikolohong eohle. Le ha ho le joalo, lithuto tse sebetsang tsa MRI le nalane li bontšitse hore setsi sa tlholeho ha se sebaka se kopaneng, se ka arotsoang ka likarolo tse fapaneng tse fapaneng (61, 62). Lithuto tsa SBM tsa nakong e tlang li khothaletsoa ho hira atlas e nang le metheo e metle ea subula. Ntle le moo, lithuto tsa pejana li bonts'itse hore mekhoa ea boits'oaro le boits'oaro ba IGD boholo bo feta le ba mathata a tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi (18). Kahoo, mehato e hlokolosi haholoanyane e kang moputso, litakatso le mesebetsi e amanang le mohopolo lia hlokahala ho hlalosa se fumanoeng ke thuto ea hajoale.
fihlela qeto e
Ha re li fumana hammoho, re ile ra bonts'a hore bacha ba nang le IGD ba bile le liphetoho tsa bohlokoa libakeng tsa "cereices" tse kenyelelitsoeng, parietal, temporal le pele. Haholo-holo bacha ba nang le IGD ba bontšitse khokahano e ntle haholo pakeng tsa matšoao a thata le mofuta o mong oa hlooho ea sefahleho oa CT. Mosebetsi ona o phahamisa tsebo ea hona joale mabapi le likarolo tsa IGD tse amanang le cortical morphological le mekhatlo ea tsona le matšoao a kliniki. Tlhahisoleseling e joalo e ka thusa ka boiteko ba nakong e tlang ho khetholla karolo ea bohloka bohlasoa.
Boitšoaro ba Melao
Boithuto bona bo entsoe ho latela likhothaletso tsa Komiti ea Boitšoaro ea Bongaka ea Setsi sa Bongaka sa Bophelo sa Motsoalle oa Wuxi oa Univesithi ea Bongaka ea Nanjing ka tumello e ngotsoeng e tsoang ho lithuto tsohle. Lithuto tsohle li fane ka tumello e ngotsoeng e nang le tsebo ho latela Phatlalatso ea Helsinki. Protocol e amohetsoe ke Komiti ea Boitšoaro ea Bongaka ea Bongaka ea Setsi sa Bophelo sa Motsoalle oa Wuxi oa Univesithi ea Bongaka ea Nanjing.
Menehelo ea Mongoli
ZZ le LT li thehile thuto. FZ, JL, QT, JW, le LC li kentse letsoho ho fumana tlhaiso-leseling. LT, SW, le JL ba ile ba hlahlobisisa tlhaiso-leseling, ba toloka sephetho, 'me ba ngola mongolo. Bangoli bohle ba ile ba hlahloba litaba ka hloko ba bile ba amohela mofuta oa ho qetela hore li phatlalatsoe.
Tlhōlisano ea Tlhaloso
Bangoli ba bolela hore lipatlisiso li ne li etsoa ka ho se be le likamano leha e le life tsa khoebo kapa tsa lichelete tse ka nkoang e le khohlano e ka 'nang ea e-ba le thahasello.
lumela hore baa fokola
Boithuto bona bo tšehelitsoe ka lichelete ke National Natural Science Foundation ea China (Nos. 81471354 le 81301148), Motheo o Khethehileng oa Bacha ba Tala ba Porofense ea Jiangsu (No. QNRC2016175), le Motheo o Khethehileng oa Taleniki ea Bongaka ea Bohlokoa ea Profinse ea Jiangsu (boiteko bo kopaneng ba mebuso ea liprofinse le ea 'masepala. Bangoli ba bontša liteboho ho lithuto tsohle tse kenyelelitsoeng thutong ea rona bakeng sa ho nka karolo ha bona le Ophelia Dandra Bellanfante le Kayris Alanna Foster bakeng sa thuso ea puo ea Senyesemane.
Mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe
- ^http://www.cnnic.net.cn (E fihletsoe: Hlakubele 17, 2018).
- ^http://dbm.neuro.uni-jena.de/cat/ (E fihletsoe: Hlakubele 17, 2018).
- ^http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/software/spm12/ (E fihletsoe: Hlakubele 17, 2018).
- ^http://dbm.neuro.uni-jena.de/cat12/CAT12-Manual.pdf (E fihletsoe: Hlakubele 17, 2018).
- ^https://www.graphpad.com (E fihletsoe: Hlakubele 17, 2018).
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Mantsoe a bohlokoa: botenya ba cortical, insula, bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete, morphometry o thehiloeng holim'a marang-rang, matšoao a ho teba
'Nete: Wang S, Liu J, Tian L, Chen L, Wang J, Tang Q, Zhang F le Zhou Z (2018) Ho eketsa Keketseho ea Insort Cortical Ho Kopantsoe le Matšoao a Bacha ho Bacha ba Ba nang le Bothata ba Papali ea Marang-rang: Phuputso e Thehiloeng holim'a Morphometric. . Ka pele. Psychiki 9: 99. Doi: 10.3389 / fpsyt.2018.00099
E amohetsoe: 10 Januari 2018; E amohetsoe: 13 Hlakubele 2018;
E hatisitsoe: 03 April 2018
E hlophisitsoeng ke:
Marc N. Potenza, Yale University, United States
Hlahloba by:
Aviv M. Weinstein, Univesithi ea Ariel, Isiraele
Yuan-Wei Yao, Univesithi e Tloaelehileng ea Beijing, China
Copyright: © 2018 Wang, Liu, Tian, Chen, Wang, Tang, Zhang le Zhou. Ena ke sengoloa se bulehileng se fihletsoeng ka tlase ho License ea Boikarabelo ba Creative Commons (CC BY). Ts'ebeliso, ho tsamaisoa kapa ho hlahisoa hape liforong tse ling ho lumelletsoe, ha feela mongoli kapa bangoli ba pele le lengolo la tumello ba ngolisoa ka molao le hore sengoloa sa mantlha koranteng ena se bontšitsoe ho latela tloaelo e amohetsoeng ea thuto. Ha ho ts'ebeliso, ho tsamaisoa kapa ho hlahisoa hape hoa lumelloa ho sa lumellaneng le lipehelo tsena.
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