Background: Marang-rang e fetohile karolo ea mantlha ea bophelo ba sejoale-joale, e hlahisitse mekhoa e fapaneng ea mathata. E meng ea litloaelo tsena, joalo ka tšebeliso e ngata ea mecha ea litaba ea sechaba, ho hlahloba mangolo hangata ka marang-rang, ho becha Inthaneteng, ho reka inthaneteng le ho becha le ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho baka tšenyo e kholo tšebetsong ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea batho ba bang. Bafuputsi ba fapaneng ba ithutile likarolo tsa kelello joalo ka boits'oaro bo sa qhekelloheng, ho tšoenyeha le khatello ea maikutlo ho bokhoba ba marang-rang.

Sepheo: Morero oa thuto ena ke ho hlahloba kamano lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba marang-rang le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa botho ho liithuti tsa bongaka.

Mekhoa: Papisong ena, lipatlisiso tsa karolo e ne e le sepheo sa ho lekola liithuti tsohle tsa 687medical tsa lefapha la bongaka la Shiraz University of Medical Science. Baithuti ba 364 ba bontšitse phehisano ea bona ea ho nka karolo ho ithuteng ka ho tlatsa foromo ea tumello. Kamora nako lipotso tsa 278 tse sebetsang li ile tsa bokelloa. Ba ile ba arabela lipotso tse mabapi le palo ea batho tse hlahang kahara lipotso tse kang lilemo, thobalano, boemo ba lenyalo, bolulo ba baithuti, selemo sa ho kena univesithing, sebaka sa bolulo sa baithuti le tlhahlobo ea bokhoba ba marang-rang e entsoe mme NEO-lintlha tse hlano tsa tlhaiso-leseling e khutšoane (NEO-FFI) e bile tlatsitsoe.

Results: 55% ea barupeluoa ba bonts'a ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang, ka ho ajoa ha 51.4% bonolo, 2.9% litekanyetso le 0.4% lekhoba le matla. Tebello ea marang-rang le litšobotsi tsa botho ba ho fetofetola (The colffation coeffanele = -0.118, P = 0.05), lumela hore (Thetlelelano ea ho hokahana = -0.379, P = 0.001) le letsoalo (The fitlation coeffanele = -0.21, P = 0.001), e bontšitse bohlokoa amanang ka tsela e mpe, empa khokahano ea eona le neuroticism (The fitlation coeffnty = + 0.2, P = 0.001) e ne e le ntle haholo. Lipalo tsa lithethefatsi tsa inthanete ho baithuti ba semesetara sa bohlano le leshome le motso o mong pele ho tlhahlobo e akaretsang ea saense (26.52 ± 9.8) le tlhahlobo e phethahetseng ea pre-internship (28.57 ± 19.2) e ne e phahame ho feta lilemo tse ling tsa thuto.

Qeto: Keketseho ea bokhoba ba marang-rang lithutong tsena e ne e phahame ha e bapisoa le lithuto tse tšoanang le tse ling tse lebisitseng mathateng mabapi le boholo ba bothata. Tlatsetso e eketsehileng ea inthanete har'a baithuti ba semina sa 4th le 10th e senola tlhokeho ea ho koetlisoa ka mokhoa o nepahetseng ho sebetsana le khatello ea maikutlo maemong a mahlonoko hape ho boloka ts'ebetso e ntle ea thuto. Ho hokahana le likarolo tse ling tsa litšobotsi tsa botho bo lemalloang marang-rang, ho khothalelitse tlhahlobo ea mantlha ea botho ba baithuti ba bongaka ka ho hlahloba lisebelisoa le ho tsebahatsa sechaba se kotsing. Sena se ka supa tlhokeho ea mekhoa e metle ea ho qala thibelo.

Keywords: Boitšoaro bo Tlatsetsang; Botho; Boqapi ba Botho

Marang-rang e le marang-rang a maholo a nang le liteishene tse ikemetseng, tsa sechaba, tsa thuto, tsa khoebo, le tsa mmuso ho tloha sebakeng sa lehae ho ea lefatšeng ka bophara, ka litlamorao tse matla bophelong ba motho li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa boits'oarong le maikutlong a batho (1). Bacha ke basebelisi ba marang-rang ba atisang ho sebelisa marang-rang, bao har'a bona liithuti tsa univesithi e leng sehlopha se kotsing e kholo ea ho lemalla inthanete (2).

Baithuti ba Yunivesithi ba pepesetsoa bophelo bo bocha joalo ka ts'ebeliso e sa sireletseheng ea thuto le phihlello marang-rang, likhomphutha tsa mini-li-mobile le mehala ea selefounu. Ho feta moo, taolo e nyane ea botsoali, maikutlo a ho jeoa ke bolutu le ho itšehla thajana tse lebisang ho sithabetseng le matšoenyeho. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, mekhoa e meng e kang ho batlana le bocha, tlholisano le khatello ea lithaka, e ba tšosa hammoho le ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang.3-7).

Tlhaloso ea bokhoba ba marang-rang ke ho se khone ho laola ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang e lebisang ho senyeha ho hoholo hoa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa bophelo (8). Polelo ena e tlalehiloe sehlomathisong sa buka ea ho qetela ea tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso le lipalo bakeng sa mathata a kelello (DSM-5) e le poleloana e ncha, pherekano ea lipapali tsa marang-rang (9).

Keketseho ea litheko tsa inthanete ho baithuti ba koleche ho tlalehiloe hore e ne e le 16.3% ho baithuti ba koleche ea Italy, 4% United States, 5.9% le 17.9% naheng ea Taiwan, 10.6% China le 34.7% Greece (2, 10-13). Ho liithuti tsa univesithi, ho na le kamano e tobileng lipakeng tsa tšehetso e sa nepahalang ea sechaba le maikutlo a ho jeoa ke bolutu le maikutlo a bophelo bo nang le temallo ea inthanete (14, 15). Bokhoba ba marang-rang bo amana le boemo ba bophelo bo botle ba kelello (16). Bongata ba bokhoba ba inthanete ho baithuti ba univesithi Iran ho tlalehiloe 10 - 43% (2, 17-19).

Kaha tšobotsi ea botho ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho itšetleha ka lintho, e bonahala e le sesosa sa kotsi ea ho lemalla ts'ebeliso ea inthanete (20-23). Thutong ena, sepheo sa rona ke ho lekola litšobotsi tsa baithuti ba amehileng ke bokhoba ba marang-rang. Sena se ka supa bohlokoa ba tlhokeho ea lisebelisoa tsa ho hlahlobisisa le ho thusa motho ea kotsing e kholo, haholo tikolohong ea thuto

Phuputso ea ho ata ha bokhoba ba marang-rang le ho lemoha karolo ea litšobotsi tsa botho joalo ka kotsi ea ho lemalla marang-rang, e ne e le sepheo sa mantlha sa thuto ena. Mehopolo e ne e le: 1, litšobotsi tsa palo ea batho tse kang botona le botšehali e ka ba mabaka a nepahetseng a ho lemalla marang-rang; le 2, litšobotsi tse ikhethang tsa botho bo joalo ka ho fetelletsa lintho tse fokolang, ho lumellanya ho fokolang, le botsitso bo tlase ba maikutlo li ka baka kotsi ea ho lemalla internet. Patlisiso ea hajoale e etselitsoe ho fuputsa boholo ba phello ea lintlha tse tharo ho kenyelletsa: botho, boiketlo ba sechaba le ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang har'a liithuti tsa bongaka.

3.1. Barupeluoa

Phuputsong ea hajoale ea sefapano, sampole ea lipalo-palo e ne e na le baithuti bohle ba bongaka ba Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran. Nakong ea thuto, baithuti ba bongaka ba 687 ba ile ba ithutoa Univesithing ea Saense ea Bongaka ea Shiraz. Har'a bona baithuti ba 364 ba ne ba reretsoe ho nka karolo phuputsong. Qetellong, ho ile ha bokelloa lipotso tsa lipotso tse nepahetseng tse 278. Phuputso e entsoe semester ea bobeli ea selemo sa thuto 1393 - 1394.

Mekhoa ea ho kenyelletsa: Liithuti tsohle tsa bongaka li ithutile ka 1393 - 1394.

Mekhoa ea ho kenyelletsa: motho e mong le e mong ea hanne ho nka karolo thutong.

3.2. Liletsa

Potso ea demographic e na le lipotso tse mabapi le lilemo, thobalano, boemo ba lenyalo, bolulo ba baithuti, selemo sa kamohelo, sebaka sa bolulo sa baithuti.

Teko ea lithethefatsi ea inthanete (IAT) e ntlafalitsoeng ke Kimberly Young ke mohato o tšepahalang le o nepahetseng oa ts'ebeliso e lemalloang ea inthanete. E na le lintho tse 20 tse khethiloeng ka sebopeho sa Likert tse tšeletseng ho tloha ha ho mohla = 0 ho isa kamehla = 5. Bonyane le lintlha tse phahameng ke zero le 100, ka ho latellana. Palo yohle ea bankakarolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e arotsoe ho e 'ngoe ea lihlopha tsena: bophelo bo botle (lintlha 0 - 19), ka kotsi (lintlha tsa 20 - 49), ho itšetleha ka mokhoa o itekanetseng (lintlha tsa 50 - 79) le ho itšetleha haholo (lintlha 80 - 100) (24). Phetolelo ea Persia ea potso ena e sebelisitsoe thutong ena (25).

Lisosa tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang tse hlahlojoang kahara lipotso tse arohaneng tse nang le lintho tsa 10.

60-element NEO Tano-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) e ka hlalosa likarolo tsa bohlano tsa botho. Sesebelisoa se nang le lintho tsa 60 se behiloeng sekhethong sa Likert-point tse hlano (1 = ha se lumellane ka botlalo le 5 = lumellana ka matla) e ileng ea lekola mohlala oa lintlha tse hlano ho kenyelletsa: neuroticism (N), dumellanang (A), le letsoalo (C) , lintlha tse eketsehileng (E) le ho pepeseha (O) lintlha (26). Phetolelo ea Irani ea potso ena e sebelisitsoe thutong ena (26).

3.3. Tsamaiso

Barupeluoa bohle ba ile ba nka karolo ka boithaopo thutong ena. Mofuputsi o kopane le barupeluoa lithutong tsa bona. Kamora kenyelletso ea pele mabapi le sepheo sa thuto ena le lekunutu la tumellano ea phatlalatso, barupeluoa ba ile ba botsoa hore ba tlatse lipotso tseo ho kenyelletsa lipotso tsa batho ba bangata, lipotso tsa ITA mme hang-hang ka mor'a moo NEO-FFI.

4.1. Tlhahlobo e hlalosang

Lintlha tse sa tloaelehang tsa lipotso tsa 278 tse sebetsang li ile tsa kenngoa ka har'a mofuta oa SPSS 20 'me tsa itokisetsa tlhahlobo ea lipalo. Boemo ba barupeluoa bo ne bo bolela 21.48 ± 2.59.

39% (n = 108) ea bankakarolo e ne e le banna le 61% (n = 170) e ne e le basali. Ha a lekola sebaka sa bolulo, 66% (n = 184) ea bona ba ne ba lula le ba lelapa mme 34% (n = 94) ba ne ba lula sebakeng sa bolulo sa baithuti (Lethathamo 1).

Tafole 1.   Lintlha tsa Demographic Tse Amang Ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang

4.2. Ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang

Nako ea ho sebelisoa ha marang-rang e ne e le lihora tsa 3.81 ± 3.14.

Lisosa tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang tse hlahlojoang kahara lipotso tse arohaneng tse nang le lintho tsa 10. Liphetho li bonts'itsoe Lethathamo 1. Tšebeliso e atileng haholo ea inthanete e ne e le lipatlisiso tsa saense le ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang a sechaba; sesosa se fokolang e ne e le papali ea inthanete le moqoqo.

4.3. Ho hlahlojoa ha Score ea IAT

Ho sekaseka likarabo tsa liithuti tsa IAT, ho ile ha sebelisoa maemo a tloaelo a Young. Tsamaiso ea ho teba ha lithethefatsi tsa inthanete e ne e le: 45.3% (n = 125) e maemong a tloaelehileng, 51.4% (n = 143) lekhoba la inthanete le lemaletseng, 2.9% (n = 8) lekhoba la inthanete le lekanyelitsoeng le 0.4% (n = 1 ) temallo e matla.

Tlhahlobo ea lintlha tsa botona le botšehali e bontšitse hore lintlha tsa banna li ne li phahame (M = 27.67, SD = 14.57) ho feta basali (M = 20.34, SD = 13.12). Tlhahlobo ea t-test e ikemetseng e bonts'itse lipalo tsa IAT li fapana ho ea ka bong (P = 0.001) .Palo ea IAT e ne e phahame haholo ho baithuti ba lulang le ba lelapa (M = 24.34) ha ba bapisoa le baithuti ba lulang sebakeng sa bolulo sa baithuti (M = 20.92) (P = 0.001). Teko ea maemo a lenyalo a bonts'a li-IAT tsa baithuti ba se nang balekane li bolela hore lipalo li ne li phahame haholo ha li bapisoa le baithuti ba nyetseng (P = 0.043).

Lethathamo 2 bonts'a lits'oants'o le SD ea lintlha tsa ITA ka lebaka la lipalo tsa batho ba sehlopha sa batho ba lemaletseng joala. Ho na le khokahano e nepahetseng pakeng tsa tšebeliso ea inthanete le lintlha tsa IAT.

Ho bapisoa ha IAT ho bolela lintlha lipakeng tsa selemo se fapaneng sa ho ba teng ho tsona li bonts'a hore baithuti ba neng ba kena univesithing ea 2012 (1391 Hijri) le 2008 (1387 Hijri) ba tlamehang ho nka karolo litekong tse felletseng tsa univesithi, ka ho tšoanang li bontša Teko e Phethahetseng ea Saense ea Motheo le Tlhahlobo e phethahetseng ea Pre-Internship ( P = 0.02).

Tafole 2.   Moelelo oa Score tsa IAT le Demographic Factors

4.4. Mekhoa ea Botho le ho lemalla lithethefatsi Inthaneteng

Tlhatlhobo ea khokahano ea Pearson le li-regression tse ngata tse tsamaeang ka mehala li ile tsa sebelisoa ho lekola kamano pakeng tsa litšobotsi tsa botho ba seithuti le lintlha tse felletseng tsa IAT. Liphetho li bonts'itsoe Lethathamo 3. Ho na le khokahano e nepahetseng pakeng tsa lintlha tsa IAT le neuroticism (N), le khokahano e mpe lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa IAT le, ho lumellana (A) le letsoalo (C), ho fetoloa (E). Ha ho kamano e bohlokoa e fumanoeng lipakeng tsa kakaretso ea IAT le litšobotsi tse bulehileng tsa botho. Patlisiso mabapi le karolo e ka bang teng ea litšobotsi tsa botho ho hlalosa tšebeliso ea marang-rang e nang le mathata, e entsoe ka tlhahlobo e mengata ea khatello. Lipalo kaofela tsa IAT li behiloe e le mefuta e itšetlehileng ka eona. Liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea marang-rang ea li-regression tse ngata li bonts'a hore domain feela e neng e ka bolela tlhekefetso ea marang-rang e ne e lumelleha (A) e neng e ka bolela 0.1% ea ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang e khetholloang ke: y = ax + b, kahoo foromo ea bokhoba ba ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang e ka lemalla marang-rang. be: Y = 46.21 ± 0.762 (Agreeableness). Palo e sa reng letho ea ho lumellana e ka kenngoa ka foromo ena mme ho ka boleloa esale pele hore temallo ea inthanete.

Tafole 3.   Tekanyo ea Correlation Pakeng tsa Botho ba Motho le Likoloi tsa IAT

Ho bapisoa litšobotsi tsa botho lipakeng tsa batho ba lemalloang le bao e seng makhoba ho tlalehiloe ka Lethathamo 4. Sehlopha se sa lemalleng se bontša lintlha tsa boemo bo phahameng ho a lumellana (A), le letsoalo (C), lintlha tse fetelletseng (E) .neuroticism lintlha li ne li le holimo haholo sehlopheng se lemaletseng.

Tafole 4.   Se boleloang ke Botho ba Litšebelisano tsa Batho ba Inthaneteng le Ba sa Lemeleng

Morero o moholo oa thuto ena e ne e le ho etsa lipatlisiso ka kotsi ea ho lemalla marang-rang ho baithuti ba bongaka ka ho nahanisisa ka puisano pakeng tsa data ea palo ea batho, tšebeliso ea marang-rang ea liithuti le litšobotsi tsa botho. Ts'oaetso e ne e phahame ha e bapisoa le lipatlisiso tse ling tse tšoanang le tsa baithuti ba univesithing ea Iran le linaheng tse ling. Keketseho ea litheko tsa inthanete ho baithuti ba koleche ho tlalehiloe hore e ne e le 4% United States, 5.9% le 17.9% e leng Taiwan, 10.6% China le 34.7% Greece. Keketseho e 'ngoe ea univesithi ea bongaka ea Irani e ne e le lipakeng tsa 5.2 ho 22%. (2, 10-13, 17-19, 27). Leha phapang ena e ka amana le sekhahla se ntseng se eketseha sa phihlello ea mahlale. Boemo bona bo phahameng ba bokhoba ba marang-rang boa tšoenya. Thutong ea rona, ts'ebeliso e atileng haholo ea marang-rang har'a liithuti tsa bongaka e ne e reretsoe ho batla lingoloa tsa mahlale. Sena se tiisitsoe thutong ea baithuti ba bongaka (17) leha sepheo sa mantlha sa ts'ebeliso e fetelletseng ea marang-rang lithutong tse ling ke khokahano ea cyber ea tikoloho joalo ka ho qoqa (10, 27).

Thutong ena e tšoanang le lipatlisiso tse ling tsa baithuti ba banna ba fihletseng litekanyetso tse phahameng ho feta tsa basali (17, 26, 28). Boithuto bo fokolang bo supa hore sekhahla sa bokhoba ba marang-rang se ne se phahame ho baithuti ba basali (10, 29) .O ka hlalosoa ke lithahasello tsa banna le sepheo sa theknoloji ea tlhaiso-leseling. Setso le sona se ka ba le karolo ea bohlokoa sephethong se joalo.

Patlisiso ea rona e bonts'a hore nalane ea IA e bolelang e ne e phahame ho ba neng ba lula le malapa ha ba bapisoa le baithuti ba lulang moo ba lulang teng. Ho fumana sena ho tšoana le lithuto tse ling (26). Sena se ka etsoa ka lebaka la boikarabello bo eketsehileng ba baithuti ba lulang sebakeng sa bolulo sa baithuti kaha ba tlameha ho laola tsohle bophelong ba bona.

Ntho e tsebahalang ea likotsi e hlalosoang patlisisong ena bakeng sa IA, ke ho ba lesoha. Lithutong tse ling tse tšoanang le ho ba lesoha, ho senya likamano tsa lelapa le ho hlala ke lintho tse ileng tsa beha kotsing ea ho lemalla inthanete (28). Sena se ka hlalosoa ka semelo sa boits'oaro se nang le boits'oaro se lokafatsang sephetho sena. Ho ba marang-rang ho fa batho ka bomong matla a ho ba le bokhoni le boiketlo bo susumetsang tšebeliso ea marang-rang (13). Beyrami et al. o ithutile phello ea ts'ehetso ea sechaba le maikutlo a ho jeoa ke bolutu maikutlo ho batho ba lemaletseng marang-rang ho liithuti tsa univesithi (15). Sena se boetse se amohetsoe thutong ea shaw (14).

Phuputsong ena, tšebeliso ea mantlha ea tšusumetso ea litšobotsi tsa botho joalo ka se boletseng bokhoba ba marang-rang e ile ea amoheloa ka karolo. Thutong ea rona, ho ne ho e-na le khokahano e nepahetseng pakeng tsa lintlha tsa IAT le neuroticism (N), le khokahano e fosahetseng pakeng tsa lintlha tsa IAT le, ho lumellana (A), letsoalo (C), le extversion (E). Ha ho kamano e bohlokoa e fumanoeng lipakeng tsa lintlha tsohle tsa IAT le botho ba Openness. Lithuto tse fapaneng li sebelisa mefuta e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo ea botho. Har'a tse sebelisang mohlala oa lintlha tse hlano le mefuta e meraro ea mohlala li tiisitse phello ea ts'ebetso ea methapo ea kutlo (N) lemenong la marang-rang (29-34). Litlatsetso tse fosahetseng tsa ho lumellana (A), letsoalo (C), extrasionion (E) li ts'oana le lipatlisiso lithutong tse ling tse lekolang karolo ea botho bokhobeng ba marang-rang (20, 30, 31). Mehlala e meraro e ikemetseng ea Borithane ho NEO-Fifi e bonts'a hore ho lumellana, ts'ebetso ea methapo ea kutlo le letsoalo li ka tšeptjoa ho feta likala tse ngata ho feta ho fetoloa le ho buleha ka boiphihlelo le boiphihlelo (35).

Neuroticism ke mokhoa oa ho ba le maikutlo a mabe, a joalo ka khatello ea maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha, ho halefa ka mamello e tlase bakeng sa khatello ea maikutlo kapa tšusumetso e sa thabiseng. Ba nang le lintlha tse phahameng ho neuroticism ba hlalosa maemo a tloaelehileng e le a tšosang le a tšosang. Mathata ana a taolong ea maikutlo a ka ama bokhoni ba ho nahana ka mokhoa o hlakileng, ho etsa liqeto le ho sebetsana ka katleho le khatello ea maikutlo (36) .Ke tsena e ka ba lebaka la hore batho bana ba sebelise mekhoa e meng e tšoanang le ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang ho sebetsana le maemo a sithabetsang. Ena e ka ba tlhaloso bakeng sa sekhahla se ntseng se eketseha sa ho lemalla ha marang-rang ka linako tse ling pele ho liteko tse phethahetseng nakong ea selemo sa thuto.

Mokhoa o lumellanang e ne e le ponelopele e mpe ea ho lemalla inthanete. Batho ba nang le tumello e tlase ba na le mathata a ho theha likamano tsa batho ba bang, kapa ho arolelana liphihlelo tsa sehlopha sa basebetsi, ka hona ba rata ho sebelisa nako ea bona ea mahala ho sheba marang-rang (37, 38) mme ena ke mokhoa oa ho khotsofatsa litlhoko tsa bona tsa botho.

Tšobotsi e 'ngoe ea botho e bonts'ang phello e mpe e mpe ho boletseng bokhoba ba marang-rang e ne e le ho fetelletsa litaba. Ho fetelletsa lintho ho bonahala ka ho batla ho tsotella, ho bua, ho ba le tšusumetso e ngata e ntle le boiketlo bophelong ba nnete ha baetsi ba puo ba tsohile haholo ba bile ba tšohile. Ka hona ba hloka khotso le tikoloho e khutsitseng ho ba maemong a nepahetseng a ts'ebetso; ka hona ba ka khetha ho sebelisana marang-rang le ba bang (39).

Mokhoa oa letsoalo le molato e ne e boetse e le sebatli se setle sa ho lemalla tahi marang-rang. Ka hona, baithuti ba nang le mokhoa o hlophisehileng le o hlophisitsoeng ha ba bapisoa le batho ba sa hlophisehileng ba kotsing e tlase ea ho lemalla lithethefatsi Inthaneteng (40).

Sephetho se seng se khahlisang lipatlisisong tsena e bile litlamorao tsa khatello ea maikutlo joalo ka tlhahlobo ea mantlha ea mahlale a mantlha le tlhahlobo e felletseng ea thuto ea pele ho tiriso ea marang-rang mabapi le tšebeliso ea marang-rang. Ho bonahala eka baithuti ba sebelisa boits'oaro bona bo bobe e le mokhoa oa ts'ireletso ho baleha likhatellong tsena. Baithuti ba semina sa 4th le 10th ba hloka ho koetlisoa ka nepo le ka mokhoa o nepahetseng e le hore ba sebetsane le khatello ea maikutlo maemong a bohlokoa hape le ho boloka ts'ebetso e ntle ea thuto.no thuto e ts'oanang e fumanoe ho lekola sephetho sena.

Lintlha tsena e ne e le sesupo se setle sa liithuti tsa bongaka tsa bongaka ba bongaka ba bongaka ba Univesithi ea Shiraz ea Saense ea Bongaka. Meeli e 'maloa thutong ena e lokela ho hatisoa. Lintlha tsena li amana le baithuti ba tsoang univesithing e le 'ngoe ea bongaka ea Iran; ka hona, sena se ka fokotsa kakaretso ea eona. Leha ho le joalo, menyetla e ts'oanang ea ho sebelisa theknoloji ea tlhahisoleseling le puisano ho liithuti tsohle tsa bongaka Iran e ka hlalosa homogeneity e nyane har'a baithuti ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang. Ho khothalletsoa hore tlhahlobo ea pele ea botho ba baithuti ba bongaka ka ho hlahloba lisebelisoa le tlhahlobo ea batho ba kotsing, e ka paka tlhokahalo ea mekhoa e metle ea ho qala thibelo.

Bangoli ba ka thabela ho leboha haholo ka mopresidente oa motlatsi oa lipatlisiso Univesithing ea Shiraz ea Saense ea Bongaka le setsi sa lipatlisiso tsa kelello bakeng sa thuso ea ho etsa morero ona.

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