inahaneloang
Ho hlakisa le ho hlakisa tšusumetso ea pefo ea papali ea video (VGV) mabapi le boitšoaro bo mabifi, re ile ra etsa lipatlisiso tsa lithuto tsohle tse tlang ho tla fihlela joale tse ileng tsa lekola kamano pakeng tsa ho pepesehela VGV le ho hlekefetsoa ka morao ho mmele. Leano la ho batla le supile lithuto tsa 24 le barupeluoa ba 17,000 ba fetang le nako e tlohang ho likhoeli tsa 3 ho isa ho lilemo tsa 4. Mehlala e ne e le linaha le merabe e fapaneng e nang le lilemo tse tloalo ho 9 ho isa lilemong tsa 19. Bakeng sa thuto e 'ngoe le e' ngoe re fumane khokahano e lekanang ea "regression" e loketseng sephetho sa VGV ho mabifi a ileng a latela, ho laola ho hlaseloa ka sekhahla. VGV e ne e amana le mabifi e sebelisa bobeli ba eona [β = 0.113, 95% CI = (0.098, 0.128)] le mehlala ea litlamorao [random = 0.106 (0.078, 0.134)]. Ha li-covariate tsohle tse fumanehang li kenyelelitsoe, boholo ba phello bo lula bo le bohlokoa bakeng sa mehlala ka bobeli [[= 0.080 (0.065, 0.094) le β = 0.078 (0.053, 0.102), ka tatellano]. Ha ho na bopaki ba khethollo e phatlalalitsoeng e fumanoeng. Morabe e ne e le mookameli oa bohlokoa oa lipalo bakeng sa mehlala ea litlamorao tse tsitsitseng (P ≤ 0.011) empa eseng bakeng sa mehlala ea litla-morao. Patlisiso e matlafalitsoeng e bontšitse phello e ne e le kholo ho lihlopheng tsa Makhooa, tse mahareng le tsa Maasia, hape e le tsa bohlokoa bohareng ba Hispanics. Puisano e lebisa tlhokomelo ho litlamorao tsa liphumano tse joalo bakeng sa lipuisano tsa hajoale mabapi le litlamorao tsa lipapali tsa video tse mabifi ho mabifi a mmele.
Khang e tsoetse pele mabapi le papali ea papali ea pefo ea video e mabifi le mabifi (1-4). Le ha boholo ba ba etsang lipatlisiso ka sehlooho sena ba pheha khang ea hore ho bapala lipapali tse joalo ho eketsa boitšoaro bo mabifi, batho ba fokolang ka lentsoe ba pheha khang ea hore kamano ea papali ea papali le boits'oaro ba lefats'e ba ntoa bo hateletsoe hofihlella ebile e tebile haholo. Phehisano e bile le litlamorao tsa bohlokoa tsa lefats'e la nnete. Ho 2011, Lekhotla le ka Holimo-limo la US le bolaile molao-taelo oa California o reretsoeng ho thibela ho reka le ho hira lipapali tsa video tse nang le pefo e matla ke bana (5). Maikutlo a mangata a ile a hlahisa lipelaelo ka bohlokoa ba litlamorao tsa lipapali tsa video tse nang le pefo, a li bapisa le "papali e seng kotsi" (5).
Papali ea video e nang le pefo le likhohlano
Nyeoe ea hore papali ea video e mabifi e eketsa boitšoaro bo mabifi e entsoe ka matla haholo ke Anderson et al. (6; bona hape le li-Ref. 7 'me 8). Ka ho qaqileng, bangoli bana ba nkile tlhaiso-leseling e batsi ea lingoliloeng mabapi le tšusumetso ea papali ea video e mabifi ka mefuta e tšeletseng ea karabelo e mabifi: ho lemoha, ho ama, ho tsosa maikutlo, kutloelo-bohloko / maikutlo a pefo, boitšoaro bo fetelletseng, le boitšoaro bo feteletseng. Metaanalysis ea bona e ile ea hlahloba litlamorao ho tsoa litlalehong tsa lipatlisiso tsa 130 tse thehiloeng ho feta barupeluoa ba 130,000. Motheong oa litlhahlobo tsena, bangoli ba phethile ka hore papali ea video e mabifi e amahanngoa le boitšoaro bo mabifi, tlhalohanyo e mabifi, le tšusumetso e mabifi, hape e tsamaisana le ho utloela bohloko ho bahlaseluoa ba pefo le boitšoaro bo bobe. Ntle le moo, bangoli ba phethile ka hore litlamorao tsena li ts'epahala lithutong tsa liteko, tsa lipapatso le lipalo tse telele, li bonoa litsong tsohle, bong le mefuta ea lipapali (mohlala, mohlala oa motho oa boraro; sepheo sa motho le sepheo sa motho; joalo joalo. hlaha), le hore lithuto tsa thuto e phahameng li ile tsa hlahisa litholoana tse kholo. Tlhahlobo ea morao-rao ea morao-rao e entsoeng ke Greitemeyer le Mügge (9) re fihletse liqeto tse tšoanang.
Leha a rorisoa ke ba bang ba bonts'a khokahano lipakeng tsa papali ea video e mabifi le papali (7), le Anderson et al. (6) metaanalysis ha ea ka ea fokotseha lipelaelo har'a sehlopha se fokolang sa mantsoe sa bafuputsi (10). Likhatisong tse fapaneng, Ferguson (2, 11-16) e hlakisitse liphoso tse 'ne ho tsebisoang lipatlisiso ho bontša hore pefo ea papali ea video (VGV) e eketsa mabifi a lefats'e la nnete: (i) lithuto tse ngata tse ts'ehetsang khokahano e sebelisa mehato ea "mabifi a se nang thuso" (mohlala, ho fumaneha ha mantsoe a amanang le mabifi, maikutlo a amanang le boloi) tse hatisang likhakanyo tsa boholo ba tšusumetso; (ii. (iii) ho na le leeme la ho phatlalatsa lithuto tse tšehetsang khokahano ea khatello ea VGV → ho fapana le ho tlaleha tse sa sebetseng hantle; le (iv) leha motho a amohela ho ba teng ha VGV → kamano ea bompoli, boholo ba litekanyetso tse tlalehiloeng hangata bo fokola haholo. Leha taba ea hore likhang tsena li khaositsoe ka matla ke Anderson le basebetsi mmoho le yena (8), Ferguson le basebetsi-mmoho ba ntse ba tsoelapele ho ema ka bohlahlobi ba bona (2, 15, 17, 18). Mabapi le bohloeki bo hlahisitsoeng ke Ferguson et al. (19-21), hoa hlokomeleha hore bafuputsi bana ba entse lithuto tse tharo tse thata tse sa kang tsa ba le kamano ea bohlokoa lipakeng tsa papali ea video e mabifi le pefo. Ba bolela hore likarolo tsena tse sa tsejoeng ke tse latelang:i) sebelisa mehato ea bohatelli bo “tebileng” (mohlala, ho hlekefetsa 'mele) le, (ii) ho kenyelletsa li-covariate tse loketseng taolo.
Morali le Papali ea Lipapali
Bopaki bo bong bo teng bo ts'ehetsa bokhoni ba morabe le setso ho litlamorao tsa VGV. Anderson et al. (6) ba hlokometse metaanalysis ea bona ea boitšoaro bo mabifi ho meralo e teletsana hore phello ea VGV e ne e batla e le kholo ho litso tsa Bophirima ho feta litso tsa Bochabela mme phapang ena e atametse bohlokoa ba lipalo (P = 0.07). Ka nako e ts'oanang, lipapisong tsena setso se ne se kopantsoe le phapang mekhoeng ea lipatlisiso, hoo "ho neng ho sa hlake hore na phapano e lokela ho bakoa ke ho fapana ha moetlo kapa ts'ebeliso ea mehato e fapaneng" (6).
Monyetla oa hore morabe o lekole litlamorao tsa ho pepesetsoa papali ea video ho mabifi o ile oa ntlafatsoa ke Ferguson (15) ho metaanalysis ea hae ea morao-rao. Mosebetsing oo, Ferguson o ile a fumana setsoalle sa bohlokoa lipakeng tsa ho pepesetsoa lipapaling tsa video le boitšoaro bo mabifi har'a lithuto tse sebelisang mehlala ea Bophirima, empa kamano ena e ne e se bohlokoa lipatlisisong tse neng li sebelisa disampole tsa Asia kapa tsa Spain. Hobane liphumano tsena tsa metaanalytic li ne li thehiloe liphuputsong tse lekanyang ho pepesetsoa lipapali tsa video (ho fapana le ho shebana le lipapali tse mabifi), liphetho li kanna tsa se bue lipotso ka litlamorao tsa VGV, empa li tšehetsa pono ea morabe joalo ka mohlahlami oa sephetho se mabifi.
Metaanalysis ea Thupelo ea Longitudinal mabapi le VGV le Aggressive Behaeve
Tlhahlobo ea hona joale e ikemiselitse ho sebetsana le mabaka a mane a boletsoeng kaholimo a boletsoeng khahlano le kamano pakeng tsa VGV le mabifi, le ho netefatsa bopaki ba morabe e le motsamaisi oa kamano ena. Ha re lekola lingoliloeng re tsepamisa maikutlo ho seo re se nkang e le ho fana ka tlhahlobo e thata le e nepahetseng ea papali ea video e mabifi → maikemisetso a mabifi: meralo ea nako e telele e hlahlobang mokhatlo oa lipapali tsa video tse mabifi ka nako e le ngoe ka ho hlekefetsa 'mele ka ho latellana supa ka nako, ha u ntse u hlophisa pherekano ea pejana. Ka ho tsepamisa mohopolo pefong e fetelletseng ea 'mele, re qoba ho tšoaea liphoso ha lintho tse ling tse mpe tsa bompoli li ka thetsa boholo ba litlamorao tse bonoang lingoliloeng. Ka ho etsa metaanalysis, re ka hakanya boholo bo tloaelehileng, ho ts'epahala ho lipalo, le heterogeneity ea litlamorao ho lingoliloeng. Sena se re lumella ho hlahloba hore na likhakanyo tseo li fapana hakae le mosebetsi oa (i) lipalo-palo tsa lipalo-palo tse kenyellelitsoeng ke bafuputsi ka bomong le (ii) setso / morabe oa motho ea nkang karolo. Qetellong, re ile ra batla bopaki ba litaba tse khetholloang re sebelisa mekhoa e fapaneng.
mekhoa
Retrieval ea Boithuto le Khetho.
Re batlile lethathamo la lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki PsycInfo, PubMed, Web of Science, le ERIC re sebelisa motsoako oa mantsoe a bohlokoa a amanang le papali ea video ea video (sebapali sa video * OR videogam * OR sebapali sa khomphutha * Kapa sebapali sa elektroniki *) boits'oaro bo mabifi (bohanyetsi * OR violen * KAPA delinquen *). Patlo e kenyelelitse lingoliloeng tse phatlalalitsoeng ho fihlela ka la XXUMUMX, 1. Lithuto tse tsoang naheng efe kapa efe li ne li tšoaneleha ho kenyelletsoa, 'me tse hatisitsoeng ka lipuo tse ling ntle le Senyesemane li ne li loketse ho kenyelletsoa ha feela li ne li ka fetoleloa ho Senyesemane. Lingoloa, lingoloa, le likhaolo tsa buka li ne li tšoaneleha ho kenyelletsoa ho sa tsotelehe hore na li phatlalalitsoe kapa li sa hatisoe.
Ho tšoaneleha ho kenyelletsoa ho metaanalysis, lithuto li tlameha ho lekanya ponts'o ea lipapali tsa video tse mabifi le mabifi a 'mele ka nako e le ngoe mme li lekanye mabifi a' mele bonyane 3 wk hamorao. Hobane kamano e khahlisoa ke karolo e itseng ea lipapali tsa video tse nang le pefo kapa lihlahisoa tse holileng tsebong, lithuto li ne li sa qheleloe ka thoko haeba li lekola ho pepesetsoa lipapali tsa video (ho fapana le ho pepesetsoa lipapali tse mabifi kapa tse holisitsoeng) kapa haeba li lekola ho pepesetsoa lifilimi tse mabifi kapa mecha ea litaba ntle le lipapali tsa video. Ke lithuto feela tse lekantseng lefatše la 'nete, tse matla tse fetisisang' meleng li kenyellelitsoe ho latela maikutlo a hore liphetoho tsa papali ea video li susumetsa liphetoho kelellong (mohlala, maikutlo, khethollo), maikutlo (mohlala, lehloeo, ho hloloheloa maikutlo), maikutlo (mohlala, kutloelo-bohloko ho ameha), le ho hlasimolla ke lintho tsa bohlokoa ka ho hlaka ha li ntse li hlakisa tšebetso ea kelello e ka sebeletsang e le babuelli ka sephetho sa boitšoaro se ikemiselitseng. Litlaleho tsa boithati tsa boitšoaro ba lefats'e ba nnete e ne e le mehato e amohelehang ea mabifi, joalo ka litekanyetso tse tšoanang li fanoe ke batsoali, matichere kapa lithaka. Litlaleho tse sebelisang maemo a tšosang le litlaleho tse thibelitsoeng ho mabifi ha lia ka tsa nkuoa e le mehato e amohelehang. Qetellong, patlo e ile ea emisoa feela ho meralo e teletsana, ba fuoe matla a bona ho fokotsa ho nepahala hoa ho fetoha hoa bohloka. Leha ho thibela tekolo ho lithuto tse telele tsa lefatše la 'nete, ho hlaseloa ka mabifi ha ho thibele lithuto tse sebelisang meralo ea liteko, ho tlosa kameho ea liteko tse thehiloeng laboratori tseo litlamorao tsa tsona li ka nyatsoang ka ho kenyelletsa litlamorao tsa boits'oaro feela. Karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea bangoli bakeng sa lithuto tse hlahisitsoeng e ne e ikopanya ho botsa hore na ho na le tlhaiso-leseling eo ba ka bang le eona mabapi le lithuto tse ling tse phatlalalitsoeng kapa tse sa qotsoang tsa nako e telele ea papali ea video le mabifi.
Bakeng sa lithuto tsohle, tekanyo ea boholo ba phello e sebelisitsoeng e ne e le selekane se lekanang sa "regression" se amanang le papali ea video e mabifi le mabifi a hlahang kamora 'mele, se baloang ha se ntse se kenyelletsa pefo ea pele joalo ka lets'ollo. Tekanyo ena e ne e khethoa ho feta khokahano ea taelo ea zero hobane e bonahatsa kamano ea lithahasello, e leng khokahano lipakeng tsa ho pepesetsoa papali ea video e mabifi le phetoho e latelang ea mabifi, e hlokang hore ho nkoe bohato pele. Ntle le moo, hafeela bafuputsi ba ne ba kenyelletsa lingoloa tsa papali ea video e mabifi le mabifi a teng liphatlalatsong tsa bona tse phatlalalitsoeng pele, re ile ra ikopanya le sehlopha se seng le se seng sa lipatlisiso 'me ra ba kopa hore ba re fe sekheo se lekanang sa "regression" se amanang le papali ea lipapali tsa video tse mabifi nakong eo re neng re li sebelisa esale pele mabifi 'meleng ha a ntse a covarying: (i) ho qala mabifi 'meleng le (ii) ho qala mabifi 'meleng le bong.
Tlhahlobo ea Statistical.
Re hakanyetsa litlamorao ka kakaretso le heterogeneity ka boholo ba litlamorao ka ho sebelisa litekanyetso tse tsitsitseng le litlamorao tse sa sebetseng. Joale re ile ra hlahloba hore na tse ling tsa lintho tse bonoang ho tsona ke tse boletsoeng esale pele hore li ka tsoa bathong tse tharo tse khethollang ho ithuta: boholo ba morabe, karolo e akaretsang ea kenang thutong le nako e telele e sa lekanyetsoang ka tekanyo ea mabifi. Qetellong, re ile ra etsa tlhahlobo ea khatiso e hlalositsoeng ka botlalo ka tlase. Re sebelisitse SPSS v20 le sephutheloana sa R "meta" (22) ho etsa metaanalyses le phatlalatso ea leeme.
Results
Liphetho tsa Patlo ea lingoliloeng.
Qetellong, patlo ea rona e hlahisitse lithuto tsa 24 (19-21, 23-40) (Lethathamo 1), eo 5 feela e hlahang ho metaanalysis ea pejana ke Anderson et al. (6) le 8 eo ho eona ho hlahileng phetiso ea methapo ea morao-rao ke Greitemeyer le Mügge (9). Lithuto tsena li kenyellelitse barupeluoa ba 17,000 ba tsoang linaheng tse fapaneng (Austria, Canada, Jeremane, Japane, Malaysia, Netherlands, Singapore le United States). Karolelano ea karolo ea bankakarolo e ne e tloha ho 8.9 ho isa 19.3 y, le nako ea nako e telele e tlohang ho 3 mo ho isa 4 y. Bongata ba lithuto tsena li lekantsoe papali ea video e mabifi le boits'oaro bo mabifi ka nako e qalang ka nako ebe li sebelisa mekhoa eo ka bobeli ho bolela boitšoaro bo latelang ka tlhahlobo e le 'ngoe ea boits'oaro (kapa tlhahlobo ea tsela kapa mohlala oa sebopeho) ha li kenyeletsa taolo e fapaneng. covariates. Boithuto bohle bo lekantse ho pepesetsoa ha lipapali tsa video tse mabifi ho fapana le ho hlahisa pepenene lipapali tsa video.
Tafole 1.
Lithuto tsa Longitudinal ho VGV le mabifi
| bangodi | Year | Sechaba | Morabe o ka sehloohong | Tekanyo ea bompoli ba 'mele | n | Karolelano ea lilemo T1* | Lag (lilemo) | Covariates ntle le Aggression ea pele | ||
| None | bong | All | ||||||||
| Adachi le Willoughby (23) | 2016 | Canada | White | Ho hlaseloa ka ho toba ('meleng le ka mantsoe) | 1,132 | 19.1 | 1.0 | 0.136 | 0.077 | 0.076 |
| Anderson et al. (24)† | 2008 | Japanese | Asia | Tšoaetso ea ho ba mabifi | 181 | ∼13.5 | 0.3 | 0.144 | 0.139 | 0.139 |
| Anderson et al. (24)† | 2008 | Japanese | Asia | Khohlano ea 'mele khoeling e fetileng | 1,050 | ∼15.5 | 0.3-0.5 | 0.115 | 0.075 | 0.075 |
| Anderson et al. (24)† | 2008 | American | White | Lenane la matichere, lithaka le litlaleho tsa selemo sa sekolo sa morao tjena | 364 | ∼10.5 | 0.5 | 0.167 | 0.158 | 0.158 |
| Breuer et al. (25) | 2015 | Jeremane | White | Potso ea Buss & Perry Aggression ('meleng, lintho tse peli) | 140 | 16 | 1.0 | -0.151 | -0.159 | -0.159 |
| Breuer et al. (25) | 2015 | Jeremane | White | Potso ea Buss & Perry Aggression ('meleng, lintho tse peli) | 136 | 19.3 | 1.0 | 0.078 | 0.070 | 0.070 |
| Bucolo (26) | 2010 | American | White | Lenane la lipotso tsa Buss & Perry Aggression (tsa 'mele, tse hlano) | 648 | 13.4 | 1.5 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.14 |
| Ferguson (19)‡ | 2011 | American | Ma-Hispanic | Lenane la Boitšoaro ba Boitšoaro ba Bana Ho itlhakisa ha bacha, ho ba mabifi, ho etsa ngoana | 302 | 12.3 | 1.0 | 0.035 | 0.011 | -0.030 |
| Ferguson et al. (21)‡ | 2012 | American | Ma-Hispanic | Lenane la Boitšoaro ba Boitšoaro ba Bana Ho itlhakisa ha bacha, ho ba mabifi, ho etsa ngoana | 165 | 12.3 | 3.0 | -0.068 | -0.016 | 0.030 |
| Ferguson et al. (20)‡ | 2013 | American | Ma-Hispanic | Lenane la Boitšoaro ba Boitšoaro ba Bana Ho itlhakisa ha bacha, ho ba mabifi, ho etsa ngoana | 143 | 12.8 | 1.0 | 0.069 | 0.044 | 0.100 |
| Fikkers et al. (27) | 2016 | Dutch | White | Ho ba mabifi | 943 | 11.8 | 1.0 | 0.180 | 0.126 | 0.126 |
| Moditjhaba et al. (28) | 2009 | American | White | Lintoa tse iphetang, litekanyetso tsa matichere a mabifi a mmele | 865 | 9.6 | 1.1 | 0.112 | 0.089 | 0.089 |
| Moditjhaba et al. (29) | 2014 | Singapore | Asia | Lintho tse tšeletseng tse hlahlobang ho hlaseloa ke matla | 2,029 | 12.2 | 1.0 | 0.065 | 0.043 | 0.043 |
| Greitemeyer le Sagiogluo (30) | 2017 | American | White | Potso ea Buss & Perry Aggression ('meleng, lintho tse peli) | 743 | 0.5 | 0.032 | 0.024 | 0.021 | |
| Hirtenlehner le Strohmeier (31) | 2015 | Austria | White | Pefo ea motho ka mong | 371 | 11.5 | 1.0 | 0.190 | 0.13 | 0.140 |
| Hopf, et al. (32) | 2008 | Jeremane | White | Pefo ea seithuti | 314 | 12 | 2.7 | -§ | -§ | 0.18 |
| Hull et al. (33) | 2014 | American | White | Ho otla litho tseo e seng tsa semmuso, ho romeloa ofising ea sekolo bakeng sa ho loana | 2,723 | 13.8 | 0.8 | 0.097 | 0.088 | 0.075 |
| Mohlala oa 1 | White | 1,831 | 0.103 | 0.100 | 0.085 | |||||
| Mohlala oa 2 | Ma-Hispanic | 442 | 0.062 | 0.034 | 0.024 | |||||
| Mohlala oa 3 | Asia | 49 | -0.098 | -0.097 | -0.040 | |||||
| Krahé et al. (34)‡ | 2012 | Jeremane | White | Boits'oarollo (dintho tse hlano) le ho tlaleheloa ke tichere (ntho e le 'ngoe) mabifi a' mele | 1,715 | 13.4 | 1.1 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| Lemmens et al. (35)‡ | 2011 | Dutch | White | Potso ea Buss & Perry Aggression ('meleng, lintho tse supileng) | 540 | 13.9 | 0.5 | 0.09 | -§ | 0.09 |
| Möller le Krahé (36)†,‡ | 2009 | Jeremane | White | Potso ea Buss & Perry Aggression ('meleng, lintho tse supileng) | 143 | 13.3 | 2.5 | 0.275 | 0.213 | 0.213 |
| Shibuya et al. (37)† | 2008 | Japanese | Asia | Potso ea Buss & Perry Aggression ('meleng, lintho tse tšeletseng) | 498 | ∼10.5 | 0.9 | 0.072 | -0.001¶ | -0.001 |
| Staude-Müller (38) | 2011 | Jeremane | White | “Ho tsitsipanya” | 472 | 13.7 | 1.0 | 0.046 | 0.028 | -0.020 |
| von Salisch et al. (39)‡ | 2011 | Jeremane | White | Khetho ea lithaka, tekanyo ea matichere: Ho fapana hoa maemo | 228 | 8.9 | 1.0 | -0.021 | -0.031 | -0.010 |
| Lisa Smith (40)‡ | 2012 | Canada | White | Qholotso e tobileng (e fetang). Phello e amana le papali ea video e mabifi e tsoetseng pele 9-12 e nang le letsoapiso le bohale | 1,492 | 13.8 | 4.0 | 0.164 | 0.123 | 0.070 |
Tlhokomeliso: von Salisch et al. (39) sebelisitse feela mabitso a lithaka le litekanyetso tsa matichere ho lekanya pefo; lithuto tse ling kaofela li ne li kenyelletsa mehato ea boits'oaro e itlalehileng.
Lethathamo 1 e akaretsa litšobotsi tse kholo tsa lithuto tsena, ho kenyelletsa sechaba se nkang karolo le ho arola sehlopha sa barupeluoa e le baemeli ba merabe e meraro ea mantlha: Bosoeu, Hispanic le Asia. Ntle le moo, tafole e kenyelletsa tlhahlobo e khutšoane ea tekanyo ea bompoli e sebelisitsoeng, lilemo tse akaretsang tsa barupeluoa motheong oa nako, nako e telele ea tekanyo ea mabifi a kamora 'mele, le likhakanyo tsa boholo bo senang covariates ntle le mabifi a motheo, ka mabifi a motheo le bong. hammoho le covariate tsohle tse kenyellelitsoeng tlalehong ea mantlha.
Litlhahlobo tsa mantlha.
Likhakanyo tsa boholo ba tsona li sebelisa "autoregress lag" feela joaloka covariate.
Ho tsohle ntle le e le 'ngoe feela ea lethathamo la tsebiso, re khonne ho fumana likhakanyo tsa coefferate e lekanang ea ho ikopanya le ho bapala papali ea video e mabifi e neng e le mabifi a' mele, e neng e re qholotsaLethathamo 1). Metaanalysis e nang le litlamorao e hlahisitse karolelano ea β = 0.113, 95% CI = (0.098, 0.128), z = 14.815, P <0.001, le lipalo-palo tsa Q, χ2(22) = 61.820, P <0.001, e bonts'itseng bong bo fapaneng. Tlhatlhobo ea Hedges-Vevea e sa sebetseng ea metaanalysis e hlahisitse likhakanyo tse tšoanang tsa boholo-holo, β = 0.106, 95% CI = (0.078, 0.134) z = 7.462, P <0.001, le lipalo-palo tsa Q, χ2(22) = 28.109, P = 0.172, e bonts'ang heterogeneity e sa hlonepheng.
Likhakanyo tsa boholo ba litlamorao li sebelisa li-corerique tsag hammoho le li-covariate.
Ho ile ha etsoa tlhahlobo ea kamorao ho moo e ileng ea kenyelletsa likhakanyo tse fetotsoeng bakeng sa li-covariate tsohle tse sebelisitsoeng sephethong sa 24 sa pele. Boithuto bo bongata bo tlalehetse litekanyetso tse ntle tse bonts'ang hore papali ea video e mabifi e ne e amahanngoa le ho eketseha ha nako ho laoloeng ha mabifi 'meleng bakeng sa mabifi a pele le li-covariate tse ling tsohle.
Metaanalysis e nang le litlamorao e hlahisitse karolelano ea β = 0.080, 95% CI = (0.065, 0.094), z = 10.387, P <0.001, le lipalo-palo tsa Q, χ2(23) = 50.556, P = 0.001 (e bonts'a heterogeneity ea bohlokoa). Ts'ebetso ea Hedges-Vevea ea morao-rao e hlahisitse likhakanyo tsa boholo bo tšoanang, β = 0.078, 95% CI = (0.053, 0.102), z = 6.173, P <0.001, le lipalo-palo tsa Q, χ2(23) = 27.404, P = 0.239, e bonts'ang heterogeneity e sa hlonepheng. (Liphetho tse tsoang liphatlalatsong tse kenyellelitseng boroko ba morao-rao le botona ha lithahasello li oela lipakeng tsa litekanyetso ho tsoa ho litekolo tsena tse peli. Li fumaneha ho tsoa ho bangoli ha ba kopa.)
Phatlalatso
Re ile ra etsa tlhahlobo e meraro ho lekola leeme la phatlalatso le neng le sa fumanehe, 'me ha ho le e' ngoe ea bona e ileng ea bonts'a tšibollo ea phello ea lingoliloeng. Rosenthal Fail-Safe n likhakanyo li bonts'itse hore ho feta liphumano tsa 700 tse nyane ho tla hlokahala ho senya sephetho sa hore kamano e ntle ea nako e telele e teng lipakeng tsa papali ea video e mabifi le mabifi a 'mele (likhakanyo li sebelisa feela mabifi a' mino oa tlhaselo ea morao-rao, Fail-Safe n = 1,334; likhakanyo li sebelisa covariates tsohle, li Sireletsehile n = 723). The Begg le Mazumdar (41) boemo ba khokahano τ-b e ne e sa bohlokoa molemong oa litla-morao tsa litlamorao tse neng li kenyelletsa feela sepheo sa ho hlaseloa ka mabifi pele, τ-b = -0.269, P = 0.072, le mohlala o kenyelletseng li-covariate tsohle, τ-b = -0.033, P = 0.823. Kamora nako, lekola tlhahlobo le ho tlatsa42, 43) e sebelisitsoeng ho lintlha tsena ha ea ka ea eketsa litlamorao ho phepelo, hape e bonts'a ho haella ha leeme.
Mohlophisi oa tlhahlobo.
Ho fuputsa ba ka bang baokameli ba litlamorao tsena, re hlahlobisitse phapang litekanyetsong tsa boholo bo amanang le likarolo tse tharo tsa ho ithuta: morabe o nkang karolo, lilemo le nako e lipakeng tsa mehato e mabifi.
Morabe.
Ho ile ha etsoa tlhahlobo ea mookameli ho leka ho bona hore na ho na le phapang e kae e le mosebetsi oa morabe o nkang karolo. Maemong kaofela ntle le e le 'ngoe, lithuto li ne li arotsoe ka tatellano ea morabe o hlaheletseng: White, Hispanic, kapa Asia (Lethathamo 1). Tabeng ea thuto ke Hull et al. (33) ho ile ha khonahala ho bala boholo ba liphello ka thoko bakeng sa mofuta ka mong oa merabe ena ho latela boitsebahatso ba motho e mong le e mong. Leha litlhahlobo tse ling tsohle li sebelisitse likhakanyo tsa boholo ba phello ho Hull et al. sampole e felletseng (n = 2,723), e sekaseka ho lekola phello ea maemo a morabe ho fapana le ho kenyelletsa boholo bo fapaneng ba phello bo amanang le e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tse tharo tsa Hull et al. subsamples: Bosoeu (n = 1,831), Hispanic (n = 442), le Sehlekehleke sa Asia / Pacific Islander (n = 49).
Ts'ebetso ea motsamaisi oa sephetho e tsitsitseng e sebelisa mefuta ena e meraro e Lethathamo 1 e sebelisoa ho "likhakanyo tsa" autoregressive lag feela "li hlahisitse phello ea bohlokoa ea mookameli, χ2(2) = 13.658, P = 0.001. Litlhahlobo tse arohaneng li bonts'itse hore phello e ne e le kholo haholo har'a barupeluoa ba White, bohareng pakeng tsa barupeluoa ba Asia, le tse nyane har'a barupeluoa ba Spain (bona Feie. 1 bakeng sa likhakanyo kahare ho sehlopha ka seng, ho kenyelletsa likhakanyo ka kakaretso tse ipapisitseng le mehlala ena ea lipatlisiso). Ts'ebetso ea motsamaisi oa sephetho e tsitsitseng e sebelisang mefuta e 'meli ea merabe ea Hispanic vs. nonpanic le eona e hlahisitse phello e kholo ea mookameli, χ2(1) = 6.820, P = 0.009. Ka bobeli papiso ea motsamaisi oa litla-morao e sa lekanyetsoang ea merabe e meraro le phello ea tšohanyetso ea li-samples tsa Hispanic vs. nonpanic li ile tsa atamela bohlokoa, [χ2(2) = 5.125, P = 0.077, le χ2(1) = 3.745, P = 0.053, ka ho latellana].
Li-coefficients tse tloaelehileng (β) tse amanang le papali ea video e mabifi e nang le mabifi a hlahang kamora 'nako le sepheo sa ho hlaseloa ka bohloeki' me se ipapisitse le boitsebiso bo khethiloeng molemong oa tlhahlobo ea morabe. Sekhahla sa phello e lekantsoeng β (ES; sekwere) le 95% nako ea kholiseho (CI; mela) e bonts'oa bakeng sa litlamorao tsohle tse kentsoeng ho metaanalysis (19-21, 23-31, 33-40). Litaemane li emela metaanalytically weighted mean β. Liperesente tsa boima ba mefuta e sa tsejoeng le litlamorao tse sa sebetseng li ngotsoe W (fix) le W (rand), ka ho latellana. Bakeng sa lithuto tse nang le disampole tse ikemetseng tse ngata, sephetho sa sampole ka seng se tlalehiloe ka thoko mme se baloa 1, 2, kapa 3.
Tlhahlobo ea motsamaisi oa litla-morao tse sebelisang mefuta e meraro ea morabe e sebelisitsoeng ho "likhakanyo tsohle" e hlahisitse phello e kholo ea mookameli, χ2(2) = 9.059, P = 0.011, ea sebopeho se tšoanang le se boneng pejana. Maemong ana, leha e le papiso ea mookameli oa litlamorao tse sa sebetseng ea merabe e meraro, χ2(2) = 3.915, P = 0.141, leha e le papiso ea Mahala ha e bapisoa le Hispanic, χ2 (1) = 2.280, P = 0.131, e fihletse bohlokoa ba lipalo.
Nako ea nako.
Ts'ebetso ea motsamaisi oa sephetho e tsitsitseng e sebelisang mekhahlelo e meraro ea nako e telele (e ka tlase ho 1 y, 1 y, e fetang 1 y) e kentsoeng ho litekanyetso tsa "autoregressive lag feela"2(2) = 14.218, P <0.001. Liphuputso tse arohaneng li bonts'itse hore phello e ne e le kholo ho feta lithutong ka lag ea nako e telele ho feta 1 y, β = 0.157, 95% CI = (0.130, 0.184), z = 11.220, P <0.001, mme e nyane lithutong tse nang le lag e lekanang le 1 y, β = 0.094, 95% CI = (0.069, 0.120), z = 7.243, P <0.001, kapa ka tlase ho 1 y, β = 0.095, 95% CI = (0.070, 0.120), z = 7.441, P <0.001. Tlhatlhobo ea mookameli oa litlamorao ha ea ka ea fihlela maemo a bohlokoa, levels2(2) = 4.001, P = 0.135.
Lilemo.
Tlhahlobo ea motsamaisi oa sephetho e tsitsitseng e sebelisang mekhahlelo e 'meli ea lilemo (12 le e monyane, lilemo tsa 13 le ho feta) e hlahisitse phello ea mookameli ea atamelang bohlokoa, χ2(1) = 3.788, P = 0.052. Litlhatlhobo tse arohaneng li bonts'itse hore phello e ne e le kholoanyane lithutong tse neng li hlahloba litlamorao ho bana ba baholo, UM = 0.128, 95% CI = (0.109, 0.147), z = 13.119, P <0.001, ho feta ba nang le bana ba banyenyane, β = 0.097, 95% CI = (0.072, 0.122), z = 7.456, P <0.001. Tlhatlhobo ea mookameli oa litlamorao ha ea ka ea fihlela maemo a bohlokoa, levels2(1) = 0.982, P = 0.322.
Puisano
Bafuputsi ba arotsoe mabapi le potso ea hore na ho bapala lipapali tsa video tse nang le pefo ho amahanngoa le ho eketseha ho latelang ha mabifi 'meleng. Leha bafuputsi ba bangata ba ngangisitse bakeng sa mokhatlo o joalo, batho ba fokolang ka palo ba boletse hore bopaki bo teng bo fosahetse ka mekhoa e mengata. Liphetho tsa rona li bua le tse tharo ho tse 'ne tse nyatsang ka ho hlaka tsa sengoloa sena.
Taba ea pele, ho sebetsana le nyefolo ea hore lithuto tse ngata tse teng li sebelisitse mehato ea “mabifi” (mohlala, tlhalohanyo e matla kapa e amang), re ile ra beha metaanalysis ea rona lithutong tse ileng tsa lekanya liphetoho tse ngata, ho ba mabifi ha 'mele nakong ea likhoeli kapa lilemo. Liphetho tsa rona li bonts'itse phello e ts'epahalang ea metaanalytic lithutong tse telele esita le ha e laoloa bakeng sa maemo a sehloho a mabifi 'meleng, a fana ka maikutlo a hore litlamorao tsa lipapali tsa video tse mabifi li fetela boits'oarong bo nang le morero lefatšeng la' nete.
Taba ea bobeli, ho sebetsana le mabaka a hakanngoang ka phello ena a bile a qapile mabapi le ho se kenyeletse taolo e lekaneng ea lipalo, re ile ra etsa tlhahlobo ea rona ea pele ka mabifi a mantlha e le 'ona' muelli oa batho bohle 'me ka tšohanyetso a ne a kenyellelitsoe thuto e' ngoe le e 'ngoe. Liphetho li bonts'itse hore ho kenyelletsoa ha li-covariate ho bonahala ho e-na le tšusumetso e nyane feela ho kopaneng e lekantsoeng ea papali ea papali le pefo. Ho joalo, bakeng sa lithuto tse peli ho tse tharo tse tlalehiloeng ke Ferguson et al. (20, 21), ho kenyelletsoa ha li-covariate tseo ba li ratang ho eketse boholo ba mokhatlo ((Lethathamo 1).
Taba ea boraro, athe li-metaanalyses tse seng li ntse li nyatsuoa ka ho se natse ho nka monyetla oa phatlalatso, ha rea ka ra bona bopaki ba hore lithuto tse sa sebetseng hantle kapa tse mpe li hlahisitsoe ka har'a lingoliloeng, leha li sebelisa mekhoa e meraro ea ho hlahloba ho lekola khatiso. Habohlokoa, mekhoa ea ho sekaseka e sebelisitsoeng ho fihlela qeto ena e bontšitsoe hore e na le litšoaneleho tse tlatselletsang: mokhoa oa ho fokotsa le ho tlatsa o na le matla a lipalo empa tekanyetso ea phoso ea mofuta o phahameng, athe tlhahlobo ea Begg le Mazumdar e na le matla a tlase empa ha e hlahise liphoso tsa mofuta ofe kapa ofe (44). Taba ea hore liteko tsena ka bobeli li fihlela qeto e ts'oanang e bontša hore litholoana li ka tšeptjoa.
Mabapi le tlhaiso ea bone, e shebileng boholo ba litlamorao tsena, metaanalysis ea rona e hlahisitse boholo ba phello ea ≈0.11 ha li-covariate tse ling li sa kenyelletsoe. Ferguson le basebetsi mmoho le yena ba hlokometse hore coeffnty e lekaneng ea 0.10 e amana le 1% feela ea phapang e teng sephethong mme ba fihlela qeto ea hore sena se nyane haholo hoo e ka bang se nang moelelo. Leha ho le joalo, ba bang ba boletse hore li-coefficient tse khutliselitsoeng li fana ka metriki e sa lokelang bakeng sa ho ahlola bohlokoa ba litlamorao ha bo bapisoa le likhakanyo tsa kotsi e itseng (1, 45). Ebile, Rosenthal (45) ba pheha khang ea hore ho itšepa ho r2 Boitšoaro ba ho toloka boholo ba ts'ebetso bo na le bothata bo boholo maemong a ho ithuta mekhoa ea batho ba se nang litšebelisano, joalo ka mabifi, ho re "bokhoni ba rona ba ho bolela le ho laola boits'oaro bo sa ts'oaneng ha bo bobebe ka mantsoe a sebetsang, leha ho bonahala e le a manyane r2e fumanoe lithutong tse ngata ”(45). Ho sa tsotelehe tlhaloso ea motho ea boholo ba sephetho se nang le moelelo, ho hlakile hore karolo ea bohlokoa ea lipalo le e ka tšeptjoang e teng ka har'a lingoliloeng.
Leha thuto ea rona e ts'ehetsa pono e belaellang ea liphoso tse boletsoeng ka holimo tsa lingoliloeng ho VGV le mabifi, liphetho tsa rona li fana ka tlhaloso e 'ngoe e ka khonehang bakeng sa liqeto tse fapaneng tse fihletsoeng ke bafuputsi ka mahlakore a fapaneng a ngangisano. Ka ho khetheha, re fumane bopaki ba hore phello ea VGV ho mabifi e lekanyetsoa ke mehlala ea merabe, ha barupeluoa ba White ba bonts'a phello e matla le barupeluoa ba Spain ba sa bontsheng litlamorao tse kholo. Litlamorao ho barupeluoa ba Asia li ile tsa oela lipakeng tsa lihlopha tse ling tse peli.
Monyetla oa hore litlamorao tsa lipapali tsa video tse mabifi ho bompoli bo fetotsoe ke morabe o ile oa phahamisoa metaanalysis e fetileng ke Anderson et al. (6) e neng e kenyelletsa sampole ea Bophirimela le ea Asia (empa eseng ea Spain). Ka nako e ts'oanang, bangoli bana ba fumane hore: (i) phello e lekanyang ea morabe e atametse feela maemong a tloaelehileng le (ii) ha e khone ho hlakoloa ho fapana ka mekhoa ea lipatlisiso. Tlhatlhobo e ileng ea latela ea Ferguson (15) ho pheta-pheta le ho holisa ho fumana sena ka ho bonts'a hore liphetho tsa lipapali tsa video li ne li le teng har'a sampole tsa Bophirima empa tsa Asia kapa tsa Spain. Leha ho le joalo, hobane lihlahlobo tseo li kenyeletsa lithuto tsa mefuta eohle ea meralo (ho kenyeletsa nonlongitudinal) mme li sa tsotelle mofuta oa papali (e mabifi khahlanong le nonviolent) litekatsong tsa tlhahiso ea lipapali tsa video, liphetho ha li bue ka kotloloho ho potso ea Litlamorao tsa VGV kamora nako.
Ho fapana le hoo, metaanalysis ea hona joale e ne e tsepamisitse maikutlo holima lithuto tsa video tse mabifi tse neng li sebelisa meralo e telele le ho holisa tse fumanoeng ke Anderson et al. (6) ka ho kenyelletsa lithuto tse telele tse telele tse phatlalalitsoeng ho tloha ka nako eo le ka ho khetholla Hispanic ho kenyelletsa mehlala ea White le Asia. Liphetho tsa rona li bonts'itse phello ea lipalo tsa morabe ka mokhoa o hlakileng (leha ho le joalo ka litekanyetso tsa litlamorao tse tsitsitseng), hoo mokhatlo o matla o ileng oa bonoa har'a sampole tse tšoeu, mokhatlo o mahareng oa sampole ea Asia, le mokhatlo o fokolang o sa hlokeheng oa mehlala ea Spain. Ho boletse joalo, ha ho fanoa ka palo e nyane ea lithuto tse nang le disampole tsa Hispanic, ho na le lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng tsa sechaba sena pele li etsa liqeto tse tiileng mabapi le phello ea lipapali tsa pefo sehlopheng sena.
Le ha likhohlano lipakeng tsa merabe li se li qaliloe, potso e sala e le hore na ke hobaneng morabe o ka fokotsa tšusumetso ea lipapali tsa video tse mabifi ka boitšoaro bo mabifi. Anderson et al. (6) e hlalositse mabaka a mahlano a ho lebella hore litlaleho tse nyane tsa ts'ebetso ea mecha ea litaba e ka Bochabela ho feta mekhatlo ea Bophirimela. Ka ho khetheha, ba tšohla liphapang tsa setso le:i) hore na pefo e sebetsa joang mecheng ea litaba; (ii) maemo ao batho ka bomong ba nkang karolo ea boemo ba tšebetso; (iii) moelelo, boiphihlelo, le ho sebetsa ha maikutlo; (iv) litaba tsa sechaba le tse ikemetseng tseo ho tsona lipapali tsa video li bapaloang hangata; le (v) marang-rang a libapali. Mabaka ana, re ka eketsa phapang lipakeng tsa litso ka moelelo oa ho ba mofetoheli le ho ba lehloeo. Ho tloha ka pono ena, litso tse khothaletsang boikarabello ba sechaba le kutloelo-bohloko ho bahlaseluoa ba pefo li ka fokotsa litlamorao tsa papali e mabifi ka ho lebisa batho ho its'ila kelellong ea bona le maikutlo a bona a boitšoaro le tsa lefatše. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, litso tse khothalletsang boits'oaro bo matla le kelello e ts'oanang le ea ntoa e ka lebisa batho ka bomong ho khetholla karolo ea mohatelli le ho fokotsa kutloelo-bohloko ho bahlaseluoa ba bona, ka litlamorao bakeng sa litekanyetso le boits'oaro ba bona ntle le papali.
Mabapi le akhaonto e joalo ea tekanyo ea morabe e thehiloeng ho phello ea VGV ho mabifi a hlokometsoeng ho metaanalysis ea hona joale, Anderson et al. (6) e fumane hore moetlo o fetotse ts'usumetso ea papali ea video e mabifi mabapi le ho inehella pefo le kutloelo-bohloko hoo litho tsa sehlopha sa litso tsa Bophirima li bontšitseng boikemisetso bo matla le ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha kutloelo-bohloko ho feta ho batho ba litso tsa Bochabela. Se fumanoeng ke Ramos et al. (46) fana ka maikutlo a hore, ho tšoana le ba tsoang litsong tsa Bochabela, barupeluoa ba Spain ba bonahala ba boloka kutloelo-bohloko ho bahlaseluoa ha ba shebane le pefo ea mecha ea phatlalatso. Mabapi le ho inehela le ho fokotsa kutloelo-bohloko e le sesosa sa phello ea VGV ho mabifi a ileng a latela, Bartholow et al. (47) e fumane hore kutloelo-bohloko e loants'itse tšusumetso ea VGV ho mabifi morerong oa liteko. Ka nako e ts'oanang, athe kutloelo-bohloko bakeng sa motho ea hlokofalitsoeng ke VGV e ka fokotsa mabifi a latelang, kutloelo-bohloko bakeng sa bahlaseli e kanna ea eketsa lehloeo le latelang ka ho susumetsa ho lokafatsa liketso tsa bona (mohlala, li-Ref. 48 'me 49). Ho hlakile hore, leha tlaleho ea rona e lumellana le liphetho tse fapa-fapaneng tse fumanoeng, lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng lia hlokahala ho theha kutloelo-bohloko joaloka mokena-lipakeng oa tšusumetso e matla ea morabe ho mabifi ho metaanalysis ea hona joale.
fihlela qeto e
Motheong oa 'metaanalysis ona, re fihlela qeto ea hore ho bapala lipapali tsa video tse nang le pefo ho amahanngoa le maemo a mangata a ho hlaseloa ke' mele nako e telele, kamora ho ikarabella bakeng sa pefo ea pejana. Liphumano tsena li tšehetsa tseko e akaretsang ea hore ho bapala lipapali tsa video tse mabifi ho tsamaisana le ho eketseha ha mabifi 'meleng ka nako. Ntle le moo, liphetho li bua le liphoso tse tharo tse ikhethang tsa sengoliloeng sena ka ho supa: (i) hore papali ea video e nang le pefo e amahanngoa le keketseho ea mehato ea boitšoaro bo mabifi bo tebileng (ke ho re, ho hlaseloa ka mabifi,)ii) likhakanyo tsa phello ena li fokotsehile hanyane feela ka ho kenyelletsoa ha li-covariate tsa lipalo, le (iii) ka ho se fumane bopaki ba khethollo.
Liphetho li boetse li bontša phello ea VGV ho mabifi e ka lekanyetsoa ka mehlala ea morabe hoo e ka bonoang ka matla har'a barupeluoa ba White, e sa bonoe ka mokhoa o matla empa o ts'epahala har'a barupeluoa ba Asia, le ka ho hloka botsitso har'a barupeluoa ba Spain. Ntle le moo, meralo e kenyelletsang nako e telele ea litlolo e shebahala e amahanngoa le litlamorao tse kholo, ho fumana ho lumellanang ho hlokometsoeng lithutong tse ngata tse ngata (mohlala, ref. 33).
Ka kakaretso, litlamorao tsa metaanalysis ea rona li baka mathata a tebileng ho litekolo tse 'maloa tse tebileng tsa lingoliloeng tse hokahanyang VGV le mabifi a' mele, 'me li fana ka tlhaloso e bonolo bakeng sa liphumano tse sa lumellaneng tsa bafuputsi ka mahlakore a hanyetsanang a ngangisano. Re ts'epa hore liphumano tsena li tla thusa lebaleng ho fetisa potso ea hore na lipapali tsa video tse mabifi li eketsa boitšoaro bo mabifi, le ho lipotso tse mabapi le hore na hobaneng, neng, le mang li bile le litlamorao life.
Mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe
Bangoli ba phatlalatsa hore ha ho na likhohlano tsa thahasello.
Sengoliloeng sena ke Tlhahiso ea Direct ea PNAS.
Pampiri ena e tsoa ho Arthur M. Sackler Colloquium oa Setsi sa Sechaba sa Mahlale a Sechaba, "Media Media le Kelello e Nts'ets'etsopele," e tšoeroeng ka la XOUMX-14, 16, Setsing sa Arnold le Mabel Beckman sa Setsi sa Naha sa Mahlale le Boenjiniere ho Irvine , CA. Mananeo a felletseng le livideo tsa liphatlalatso tse ngata lia fumaneha webosaeteng ea NAS ho www.nasonline.org/Digital_Media_and_Developing_Minds.
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