Lik'homphieutha ka Boitšoaro ba Botho
Volume 90, January 2019, Maqephe 246-258
Lintlha-khōlō Tsa
Ho lemalla lisebelisoa tsa li-smartphone ho fetela ho lemalla lits'ebeletso tsa marang-rang tsa sechaba (SNS).
Lithethefatsi tsa Smartphone li fapana le ho fumana thuto; SNS ha e joalo.
Basebedisi ba lithethefatsi le SNS ba na le bothata bo phahameng ba ho tseba lintho.
Tšusumetso ea ho nkoa ka mohopolo e kholo ho SNS ho feta li-smartphone.
Tšusumetso ea ho nkoa ka tsela e nang le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tabeng ea ho lemalla ho sebelisa lithethefatsi tsa smartphone tse nang le lithethefatsi ho SNS
inahaneloang
Morero oa thuto e teng hona joale ke ho hlahloba phapang lipakeng tsa lekhoba la mosebelisi ho smartphone lisebelisoa khahlanong le ho lemalla litšebeletso tsa marang-rang (SNS), le karolo ea maikutlo a basebelisi. Le ha mosebetsi o ntseng o hola o bontšitse litlamorao tse mpe tsa ts'ebeliso ea li-smartphone, liphuputso tse fokolang ha li khetholle lipakeng tsa ho lemalla sesebelisoa ho fapana le ho lemalla litšebeletso tsa marang-rang kapa ho lekanya tšusumetso ea maikutlo a basebelisi mabapi le bokhoba ba smartphone. Ho kenya letsoho tsebong mabapi le taba ena, thuto ea hajoale e ne e na le lipheo tse tharo tsa bohlokoa. Ea pele e ne e le ho lekola phapang lipakeng tsa ho lemalla li-smartphone le bokhoba ba litšebeletso tsa marang-rang. Morero oa bobeli e ne e le ho utloisisa tšusumetso ea maikutlo a basebelisi mabapi le bokhoba ba tahi (bo lekantsoe ka ho monya mohopolo ho lekola boemo ba ho nka karolo le ho sebelisana le software le theknoloji). Morero oa rona oa hoqetela e ne e le ho lekola liphapang tsa lintlha tsa demographic bakeng sa lits'ebeletso tsa smartphone le tsa marang-rang tsa ts'ebeliso ea lits'ila le maikutlo a basebelisi. E ipapisitse le tlhahlobo ea kgwebo baithuti univesithing e Mid-Atlantic sebakeng sa United States, liphetho li bonts'a hore ho lemalla lisebelisoa tsa smartphone ho kholo ho feta ho lemalla lits'ebeletso tsa marang-rang tsa sechaba mme li fapana ka fihlella thuto, ha ts'ebeliso ea lits'ebeletso tsa marang-rang ea sechaba e sa fapana ka bong, lilemo kapa thuto. Ho feta moo, basebelisi ba lemaletseng li-smartphones le lits'ebeletso tsa marang-rang tsa marang-rang ba na le tsebo e ngata ea ho amoheloa, haholo-holo ke basali ha ba sebelisa lits'ebeletso tsa marang-rang tsa sechaba le tse kholo bakeng sa lits'ebeletso tsa marang-rang ho feta li-smartphones. Kamora nako, re fumana hore tšusumetso ea ho kenella ha motho kelellong ka bokhoba ba lithethefatsi tsa smartphone e tsamaisoa ke bokhoba ba lits'ebeletso tsa SNS.
Keywords
1. Selelekela
smartphone li ngata haholo sechabeng sa sejoale-joale; Bopaki bo fana ka maikutlo a hore ho ne ho e-na le li-smartphones tsa 3.9 tse limilione tse likete lefats'eng lohle ho 2016, e hakanngoang ho nyolohela ho 6.8 billion ka 2022 (Motorola, 2017). Theknoloji ea li-smartphone, leha ho le joalo, ke mohlala o ka sehloohong oa Mick le Fournier (1998) ho thoe ke 'papali ea mahlale a morao-rao', e ka imollang le ho etsa makhoba ka nako e le 'ngoe. Li-smartphone li re fa bolokolohi ba ho buisana, ho thabela botsoalle le ho batla tlhaiso-leseling ka litsela tse batlang li sa utloahale lilemong tse mashome a mabeli tse fetileng; theknoloji ea smartphone e ka boela ea lebisa ho ts'ebeliso ea basebelisi le liphetho tsa boitšoaro bo bobebe.
Ka nepo inthanete e bile eona taba e ka sehloohong ho shebaneng le lithutong tsa bokhoba ba litheknoloji le litlamorao tsa mathata a boitšoaro (De-Sola Gutiérrez, Rodríguez de Fonseca, le Rubio, 2016). Lilemong tsa morao tjena, leha ho le joalo, theknoloji ea mohala oa selefounu - mme haholo ho hlaha ha smartphone - e se e qalile ho nka sebaka sa marang-rang e le mohloli o ka bang teng oa boiketsetso (Lane le Mokhoa, 2011; Lin et al., 2015). Ho feta moo, ho lemalla li-smartphone ho ka ba bohlokoa haholo ho ithuta ho feta ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete kaha li-fono li fana ka fono ho sebelisa sethaleng (e na le marang-rang a marang-rang le lits'ebeletso tsa sesole sa GPS) tse khonehang ho feta tse ling lisebelisoa tsa khomphutha joalo ka lilaptop le litafole le tšebeliso ea litlamorao e kanna ea ba mpe haholo (Demirci, Orhan, Demirdas, Akpinar, & Sert, 2014; Jeong, Kim, Yum, & Hwang, 2016; Kwon, Kim, Cho, & Yang, 2013).
Phehisano e ntseng e hlaha ka har'a lingoliloeng ke phapano lipakeng tsa ho lemalla sesebelisoa ha se bapisoa le tšebeliso ea lits'ebeliso le se kahare, le kamano lipakeng tsa bobeli ba (De-Sola Gutiérrez et al. 2016), e re hopotsang pejana mererong mabapi le Marang-rang (Griffiths, 1999). Le ha lithuto tse 'maloa li hlahlobile bokhoba ba li-smartphone, ke ba fokolang haholo ba hlokometseng bokhoba ba sesebelisoa se bapisoang le bokhoba ba litšebeletso tse ling, haholo-holo lits'ebeletso tsa marang-rang tsa sechaba (SNS), tse fanang ka li-platform tsa marang-rang etsoe ho aha likamano ho ipapisitsoe le boholo ba hau bo arolelanoang. Ha sehlopha se senyenyane sa borutehi se hlahlobile ts'ebeliso ea mefuta e fapaneng ea litaba (mohlala litaba tse, boithabiso, marang-rang a sechaba ()Bian & Leung, 2015; Rosen, Whaling, Carrier, Cheever, & Rokkum, 2013; van Deursen, Bolle, Hegner, & Kommers, 2015), ntle le Jeong et al. (2016), ha ho na thuto ea pejana e bapisitseng mefuta e fapaneng ea dikahare ka botlalo, kapa, ho feta, phapang pakeng tsa ho lemalla sesebelisoa le papatso ea lits'ebeliso tse ling. Phapang ena e poteletseng e bohlokoa hobane e re thusa ho utloisisa hamolemo bokhoba ba li-smartphone, haholo hobane mesebetsi e meng ea mohala oa selefouno e ka amana haholo le bokhoba ba litheko ho feta ba bang (Roberts, Yaya, le Manolis, 2014).
Ho tloha lithutong tse fetileng tsa boithuto, thuto ea hajoale e lekola mabaka a mabeli a fapaneng a qalileng ho hlaha lingoliloeng, e leng ho lemalla sesebelisoa khahlanong le ho lemalla SNS, thutong e le 'ngoe. Ntle le moo, re lekola maemo a basebelisi a ho amohela mohopolo - boemo ba bona ba ho nka karolo le ho kenella le software le theknoloji - ka ho lemalla li-smartphone le SNS, ho thusa ho utloisisa karolo ea maikutlo a basebelisi libakeng tse hokahantsoeng ke likhomphutha. Qetellong, re nahana ka tšusumetso e ka bang teng ea lintlha tsa demographic ho smartphone le ho lemalla SNS.
The moralo oa lipatlisiso e ne e thehiloe mohlaleng o le mong oa likarolo le a ho iketsetsa tlaleho tlhahlobo. Sekala se ile sa amoheloa ho tsoa lithutong tse fetileng, empa tsa fetoloa le ho atolosoa molemong oa thuto ena. Tlhahlobo e sebelisitsoe marang-rang mme e abeloa kgwebo baithuti univesithing e tikolohong ea Mid-Atlantic United States. Teko ea Hypothesis e ile ea etsoa ka liteko tsa t-teko, tlhahlobo ea phapang (ANOVA), regression, le liteko tsa Sobel.
Boithuto bo hlophisitsoe ka tsela e latelang. Kamora kenyelletso ena, re nahana ka taba ea bokhoba ba theknoloji le lipatlisiso tse lekolang ts'ebeliso e thata ea li-smartphone. Ka mor'a moo re hlahloba taba ea maikutlo a basebelisi ka mohopolo oa ho monya kutloisiso. Joale re fetohela ntlafatsong ea letoto la likhopolo-taba. Karolo e setseng ea boithuto e hlahloba mohopolo o ipapisitseng le tlhaiso-leseling e fumanoeng ka lipatlisiso, ho kenyeletsoa puisano, liqeto le se boleloang ke liphuputso tsa boithuto.
1.1. Litlhaloso le tlhahlobo ea lingoliloeng
Morero oa thuto ena o habeli: ho lekola phapang lipakeng tsa ho lemalla li-smartphone le ho lemalla SNS; ho utloisisa tšusumetso ea maikutlo a basebelisi mabapi le bokhoba ba tahi (bo lekantsoe ka ho monya mohopolo ho lekola boemo ba ho nka karolo le ho kenella ha software le theknoloji) le ho lekola liphapang tsa lintlha tsa palo ea batho bakeng sa ho lemalla li-smartphone le SNS le maikutlo a mosebelisi. Karolo ena e lekola lingoliloeng tsa semelo lihloohong tsena, e shebile bokhobeng ba mahlale a morao-rao, ts'ebeliso e nang le mathata ea li-smartphone le ho amohela mohopolo.
1.2. Bokhoba ba theknoloji
Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary (1995: 273) e hlalosa ho lemalla e le "... mokhoa o fumanehang oa boitshwaro o seng o batla o ikemetse kapa o sa ikemisetseng ho hang," ha ba Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine (1999) e nka bokhoba e le "… ho itšetleha ka boitšoaro kapa ntho eo motho a se nang matla a ho e emisa." Tloaelo, bokhoba ba tahi bo ne bo nkuoa bo amana feela le lintho (joalo ka joala le lithethefatsi), empa hamorao bo ile ba eketsoa ho kenyeletsa boits'oaro bo nang le mathata (ho kenyelletsa ho ba le thobalano e fetelletseng ea thobalano le papali ea methapo ea kutlo). Ho feta moo, ba bang ba pheha khang ea hore boitšoaro bo bong le bo bong bo sa laoleheng kapa bo sebelisitsoeng ka ho fetesisa bo lokela ho nkuoa e le temallo (Peele, 1985).
Diagnostic ea Mokhatlo oa American Psychiatric le Buka ea Lipalo of Mathata a kelello (DSM), hajoale e le khatisong ea eona ea bohlano (DSM-V, 2013), li-captures tseo hangata ho lumellanoang ka tsona maemo a kelello. Litsebi tsa bongaka li nkile khato ka nako e telele mabapi le boteng ba tšebeliso ea litheko tsa theknoloji, leha DSM ha e sa e elelloe e le boemo, e e boloka e hlahella ka lebaka la maemo a mang a kelello a fetileng, joalo ka ho fokotseha ho laola maikutlo (Yellowlees & Marks, 2007). Hona ho boletse, leha ho le joalo, litlamorao ho likarolo tse fapaneng tsa theknoloji li hohetse tlhokomelo e itseng ea boithuto lithutong tse ngata tse fapaneng tsa borutehi, 'me ho bile le mehala bakeng sa tumello ea bona e hlophisitsoeng (Thibela, 2008).
Moelelong oa mananeo a tlhahisoleseding khalemelo, Carillo, Scornavacca, & Za, 2017 e supa hore ho ts'epahalla hoa kelello (bokhoba) ho lisebelisoa tsa tlhahisoleseding le puisano ha ea lokela ho ferekanngoa le tse mabapi le sepheo ho itšetleha. Le ha likhopolo tsena tse peli li kanna tsa amana hape li ka susumetsa liqeto tsa ts'ebeliso ea IT ka bomong, ts'epahalo e shebaneng le sepheo e nka boholo ba bokhoni ba motho ba ho fihlela sepheo sa hae ho latela ts'ebeliso ea mahlale a itseng. E boetse e tloaetse ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho tse ngata litlamorao tse ntle ea tšebeliso ea mahlale. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, bokhoba ba ho lemalla ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho a fosahetseng litlamorao tsa mahlale sebelisa joalo ka ha e amana le a boemo ba kelello ea ho itšetleha haholo ka ts'ebeliso ea theknoloji ho isa tekanyong ea moo ho ka hlahang lipontšo tse tloaelehileng tse susumetsang maikutlo. Pampiri ena e bua haholo ka karolo ena ea ketsahalo ena.
Sehlopha se ntseng se eketseha sa lipatlisiso se bontšitse boteng ba bokhoba ba mefuta e mengata ea mahlale a tlhahisoleseling (Barnes & Pressey, 2014; Carillo et al. 2017; Griffiths, 2001; Lin, 2004; Turel, Serenko, & Giles, 2011; Turel le Serenko, 2010). Turel et al. (2011) tlaleha hore ho fanoe ka tšehetso ea bo-neurobehaisherb bakeng sa ho ba teng ha lithibelo tsa boits'oaro, ho kenyelletsoa le litheko tsa theknoloji le lintlha tse tšoanang lipakeng tsa lithethefatsi le lithahasello tsa boitšoaro (Helmuth, 2001). Phuputso e le 'ngoe e sebelisang litšoantšo tse sebetsang ka matla a motlakase lipapatsong tsa marang-rang tse fumanehang hore khothatso / takatso ea bokhoba ba lithethefatsi le ho khothaletsa / ho lakatsa ho lemalla papali ea chelete ea inthaneteng ho na le mokhoa o bohloko. methapo ea methapo ea kutlo (Ko et al. 2009). Kahoo Turel et al. (2011, leq. 1045) e phethela ka hore ", ka hona, hoa utloahala ho sebelisa mehopolo, mehlala le likhopolo ho tloha sebakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi ho ea lefapheng le lecha la litekanyetso tsa boitšoaro".
Boithuto bo hlahlobang ts'ebeliso ea mathata a theknoloji bo na le tatellano e kholo; mohlala, Hadley Cantril le Gordon W. Allport ba ile ba belaella mofuta oa mananeo a seea-le-moea mangolong a bona Psychology ea Radio e phatlalalitsoeng ho 1935. Hamorao boithuto bo ile ba sebetsana le ho itšetleha ka theknoloji e itseng joalo ka ho fetella ho shebella thelevisheneng (Horvath, 2004; Mcllwraith, 1998), ho bapala lipapali tsa video ka mokhoa o fetisisang (Basebetsi, 1990), 'temallo ea likhomphutha' (Shotton, 1991), le monyetla oa ho lemalla oa inthanete (Brenner, 1997; Griffiths, 1996, 1997; E monyenyane, 1998), ka sehlooho se latelang se hoheletse tlhokomelo e kholo ea maikutlo (Bozoglan, Demirer, & Sahin, 2014; Marokho & Florsheim, 2008; Charlton le Danforth, 2007; Demirer & Bozoglan, 2016; Kuss, van Rooij, Shorter, Griffiths, & van de Mheen, 2013; Lehenbauer-Baum et al. 2015; Morahan-Martin & Schumacher, 2000; Lipontšo le Griffiths, 2016; Turel et al. 2011). Setsi se tlase sa Inthaneteng e lemalla lipatlisiso li boetse li hlahlobisitse tse khethehileng mesebetsi ea inthanete, ho kenyelletsa le bokhoba ba ho marang-rang a marang-rang (Turel et al. 2011) le libaka tsa lefatše (Barnes & Pressey, 2014). Katoloso e le 'ngoe ea tlhaho ea tlhahlobo ena ea litsebi e amohetseng tlhokomelo ea litsebi ke bothata ba tšebeliso ea li-smartphone.
1.3. Ts'ebeliso ea mathata a smartphone
Phuputso ea pele ea ho lekola bokhoba ba ho lemalla mohala oa thekeng e amahanngoa le thesis ea master (Jang, 2002), e tsamaisoang Korea Boroa. Likarolo tse fapaneng tsa tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa smartphone li hlahlobiloe mme tsa phatlalatsoa lilemong tsa morao tjena (bona Lethathamo 1 ka tlase), le ho totobatsa bakhanni ba tšebeliso ea mathata a li-smartphone. Ho lemalla li-smartphone ho ka ba bohlokoa haholo ho ithuta ho feta ho lemalla ho sebelisa Inthanete kapa k'homphieutha kaha li-smartphones li fana ka sethala sa likhomphutha sa mehala, ka hona li fana ka ho khoneha ho feta lisebelisoa tse ling tsa likhomphutha tse kang lilaptop le matlapa, 'me ho lemalla ho ka ba boima haholo (Demirci et al. 2014; Jeong et al. 2016; Kwon et al., 2013), ho fella ka ho lekola sesebelisoa (Lee, 2015; Oulasvirta, Rattenbury, Ma, & Raita, 2012). Bahlahlobisisi ba bang ba boletse hore lifono li ka emela sesebelisoa sa theknoloji se ka pele se khothalletsang bokhoba ba nako ea rona (Shambare, Rugimbana, & Zhowa, 2012).
Sengoli (seng) | lebiseng tlhokomelo mefuteng | Sekolo sa thuto |
---|---|---|
Lin et al. (2017) | Ho lemoha bokhoba ba li-smartphone ka ts'ebeliso (sesebelisoa) -datha e khethiloeng. | Phekolo ea mafu a kelello |
Jeong et al. (2016) | Litšobotsi tsa kelello tsa basebelisi le mefuta ea litaba tse sebelisoang. | Lithuto tsa khomphutha |
Sapacz, Rockman, le Clark (2016) | Botho le tšebeliso ea mehala ea fono e nang le mathata. | Lithuto tsa khomphutha |
Samaha and Hawi (2016) | Kamano lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba li-smartphone, khatello ea maikutlo, ts'ebetso ea thuto, le khotsofalo ka bophelo. | Lithuto tsa khomphutha |
Cho and Lee (2015) | Liphihlelo tsa baoki ba baithuti mabapi le litšitiso tsa li-smartphones maemong a kliniki le maikutlo a bona mabapi le lits'ebetso tsa li-smartphones. | Bongaka (baoki) tlhahisoleseling |
Jeong le Lee (2015) | Tlhahiso ea li-Smartphone le kutloelo-bohloko har'a liithuti tsa baoki. | Lithuto tsa mahlale, tsa mahlale le tsa bongaka |
Al-Barashdi, Bouazza, le Jabur (2015) | Tebello ea li-Smartphone har'a liithuti tsa undergardu tsa univesithi. | Mahlale a akaretsang |
Kibona le Mgaya (2015) | Tebello ea Smartphone le ts'ebetso ea thuto. | Boenjiniere le thekenoloji |
Pearson le Hussain (2015) | Tšebeliso ea li-smartphone, ho lemalla, narcissism le botho. | Cyber-psychology le ho ithuta |
Wang, Wang, Gaskin, le Wang (2015) | Karolo ea khatello ea maikutlo le tšusumetso ho ts'ebeliso e mpe ea li-smartphone har'a liithuti tsa koleche. | Lithuto tsa khomphutha |
Demirci, Akgongul, le Akpinar (2015) | Smartphone e sebelisa ho teba, boleng ba ho robala, khatello ea maikutlo le matšoenyeho. | Ho lemalla boitšoaro |
van Deursen et al. (2015) | Mefuta ea tšebeliso ea li-smartphone, bohlale ba maikutlo, khatello ea sechaba le boitaolo. | Lithuto tsa khomphutha |
Bernroider, Krumay, le Margiol (2014) | Kameho ea ho lemalla ha smartphone tšebelisong ea li-smartphone. | Litsamaiso tsa tlhahisoleseling |
Bian le Leung (2014) | Kamano lipakeng tsa bolutu, lihlong, matšoao a bokhoba ba li-smartphone le chelete ea sechaba. | Lithuto tsa khomphutha |
Davey le Davey (2014) | Ho lemalla Smartphone har'a bacha ba India. | Moriana oa thibelo |
Demirci et al. (2014) | Tlhahiso ea li-Smartphone har'a liithuti tsa univesithi ea Turkey. | Clinical psychopharmacology |
Kim, Lee, Lee, Nam, le Chung (2014) | Tebello ea li-Smartphone har'a bacha ba Korea. | Mahlale le bongaka |
Lee, Chang, Lin, le Cheng (2014) | Sistimi ea taolo ea taolo ea li-Smartphone. | Lithuto tsa khomphutha |
Mok et al. (2014) | Tlatsetso ea marang-rang le li-smartphone har'a liithuti tsa koleche ea Korea. | Neuropsychiatry |
Park le Park (2014) | Ho lemalla Smartphone bongoaneng. | Lithuto tsa saense ea sechaba le batho |
Zhang, Chen, le Lee (2014) | Sepheo sa bokhoba ba li-smartphone. | Litsamaiso tsa tlhahisoleseling |
Shin & Dey (2013) | Ho lekola tšebeliso ea mathata a smartphone. | software ea boenjiniere le mahlale a khomphutha (ubiquitous computing) |
Kwon et al. (2013) | Tebello ea li-Smartphone har'a bacha ba Korea. | Mahlale le bongaka |
Kwon et al. (2013b) | Tekanyo ea ho itlhahloba ho khetholla bokhoba ba smartphone. | Mahlale le bongaka |
Takao, Takahashi, le Kitamura (2009) | Botho le tšebeliso ea mehala ea fono e nang le mathata. | Psychology |
Ehrenberg, Juckes, White, le Walsh (2008) | Botho, boitšepo le bokhoba ba mehala ea fono. | Psychology |
Bianchi le Phillips (2005) | Litsebi tsa kelello mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea mehala ea thelefono. | Psychology |
Ka kopanelo, lithuto tsena li emela likarolo tse fapaneng tsa thuto ho kenyeletsoa litsamaiso tsa tlhahisoleseling, lithuto tsa khomphutha, tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle, thuto le kelello, har'a tse ling. Ke lithuto tse fokolang feela, leha ho le joalo, tse ileng tsa hlahloba ka sepheo se hlakileng sepheo, bakhanni kapa maikutlo a basebelisi mabapi le tšebeliso ea li-smartphone le bokhoba ba tsona (Bian & Leung, 2014; Bianchi le Phillips, 2005; Ehrenberg et al. 2008; Jeong & Lee, 2015; Pearson & Hussain, 2015; Takao et al. 2009; van Deursen et al. 2015; Zhang et al. 2014). Paleng ena ea lipampiri, maikutlo a basebelisi mabapi le tšebeliso ea li-smartphone le ho lemalla li shebiloe ho latela maikutlo a bakhanni ba botho (mohlala, boitšepo, neuroticism, fetotso e kholo) (Bianchi le Phillips, 2005; Ehrenberg et al. 2008; Pearson & Hussain, 2015; Takao et al. 2009; Zhang et al. 2014), lintho tse susumetsang (bap. palo ea metsoalle, phihlello seakatemiki, le palo ea ho bala) (Jeong & Lee, 2015), ts'ebetso le litloaelo tsa sechaba (mohlala mefuta ea tšebeliso ea li-smartphone, bohlale ba maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo sechabeng, le boitšoarovan Deursen et al. 2015), le lithuto tse nyalisitsoeng (mohlala: tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso litšobotsi tsa botho le mekhoa ea tšebeliso ea li-smartphone) (Bian & Leung, 2014).
Kameho ea maikutlo a basebelisi le khokahano ea tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa smartphone ke sebaka se loketseng ho botsoa kaha se amana le tsela eo basebelisi ba sebelisanang le mahlale ka teng mme ba ka kenella ka botebo ho eona - ka linako tse ling ho isa bothateng bo boholo. Ho utloisisa likhopolo kapa litumelo tsa basebelisi ho bohlokoa hobane li susumetsa boitšoaro ba basebelisi, hape ho thusa ho hlalosa hore na basebelisi ba kenella joang ho theknoloji. Ho feta moo, ho utloisisa se susumetsang basebelisi ho boema-kepe litumelo tse itseng li re thusa ho utloisisa hore na ke hobaneng ba tšoere litumelo tseo; ha lipatlisiso tsa pejana mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea mehala ea mehala li ne li shebile haholo tšebeliso le maikutlo, ha ho tsepamisitsoe maikutlo hodima kholo ea tumelo. Ena ke taba eo re fetohelang ho eona, haholoholo ka ho kenyelletsa mohopolo oa ho amoheloa hoa kelello.
1.4. Ho kenngoa ka kelello
Le ha likhopolo-taba tse 'maloa li thusa ho bonesa ts'ebetsong ea basebelisi le ho amohela theknoloji ea tlhahisoleseling - ho kenyeletsoa infusion ea mahlale mohopolo, mohopolo oa boitšoaro bo reriloeng, khopolo ea ketso e behiloeng mabaka, Le theknoloji ea ho amohela theknoloji (TAM) (Ajzen, 1985, 1991; Lekala le Wetherbe, 1990; Davis, 1989; Litlhapi le Ajzen, 1975; Rogers, 1995) - - ba na le matla a fokolang ha ba hlalosa kamoo litumelo tse potileng theknoloji ea tlhaiso-leseling li entsoe (Agarwal le Karahanna, 2000). Agarwal le Karahanna (2000) e hlahisitse mohopolo oa tsebo ea ho amohela (c)) ho thusa ho hlola phokotso ena e hlakileng. CA e arolelana le motso oa nnete le IT ea mantlha ea pele kamohelo ea mosebelisi likhopolo li kenyeletsa TAM ka ho totobatsa ts'ebetso ea mantlha ea litumelo tsa mosebelisi, le moo boitšoaro ba ts'ebeliso bo susumetsoang ke "… litumelo tse tebileng tsa kelello" (Agarwal le Karahanna, 2000, leq. 666).
CA e boetse e na le monyetla oa ho behoa mokhatlong o moholo oa boithuto ho kelello le psychology ea kahisano lingoliloeng, moo CA e thehang motheo oa eona oa theoretical ho tloha mela e meraro e amanang le lingoliloeng: tšobotsi ea botho ea ho amoheloa (Tellegen & Atkinson, 1974; Tellegen, 1981, 1982), boemo ba phallo (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990; Trevino & Webster, 1992), le khopolo ea boitlamo ba kelello (Webster le Hackley, 1997; Webster & Ho, 1997).
E hlalosoa e le "… boemo ba ho kenella ka botebo le software” (Agarwal le Karahanna, 2000, leq. 673), ho kenella mohopolong ho ka sebetsa e le sesosa se matla ho litumelo tse amanang le IT, moo liphihlelo tse hohelang le tse khelosang li hlahisang 'tlhokomelo e tebileng' ea basebelisi le ho qoelisoa ka botlalo le ho kenella mosebetsing.Csikszentmihalyi, 1990; Deci & Ryan, 1985; Tellegen & Atkinson, 1974; Vallerand, 1997).
Agarwal le Karahanna (2000) CA e hlahisitsoeng e le sesosa se matla se susumetsang ho litumelo tse amanang le IT, moo liphihlelo tse ngata tse amang maikutlo le tse matla li fella ka 'tlhokomelo e tebileng'. CA e tsamaisoa ke ka hare tlhotlheletso (e leng, ho natefeloa, ho khotsofatsoa le ho natefeloa ka lebaka la boiphihlelo) ha ho bapisoa le ho fetela tšusumetso (ke hore, tebello ea moputso o amanang le boits'oaro bo itseng). Joalo ka "pheletso ka bo bona" (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990), lihlohlelletsi tse kahare tsa maikutlo li na le tse kholo matla a hlalosang merero ea ts'ebeliso ho feta ba susumelletsehang ho feteletseng (Davis, Bagozzi, & Warshaw, 1992). Ho amoheloa hoa kelello ke multidimensional kaho likarolong tse hlano:
- i.
Ho ikarola ka nakoana ("ho sitoa ho ngolisa nako ea nako ha u ntse u sebelisana ');
- Ii.
Ho qoelisoa ka botebo ("boiphihlelo ba ho kenya letsoho ka botlalo moo litlhoko tse ling tsa tlhokomelo li leng, ha e tsotelloe");
- Iii.
O natefeloa ke thabo ("likarolo tse khahlisang tsa tšebelisano");
- Iv.
Taolo ("mohopolo oa mosebelisi oa ho ba molaoli oa tšebelisano"); le
- v.
bohelehele ("Boholo ba boiphihlelo bo tsosa tjantjello ea kutlo le kutloisiso ea motho").
Re ka lebella hore batho ba nang le maemo a phahameng a tšebeliso ea li-smartphone le ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeletso ea SNS, kapa bokhoba, ba tla ba le maemo a phahameng a CA, kaha sena se fana ka tlhaloso e 'ngoe ea boemo bo tebileng ba ho nka karolo, ho kenella le tlhokomelo tse ka fumanoang ke batho ba bang ha ba sebelisana. le tikoloho tse kopaneng le likhomphutha, tse ka khothatsang boitšoaro bo nang le mathata har'a basebelisi ba bang. Kahoo, basebelisi ba lemalloang ba tla ba le mofuta o itseng oa ho khopamisa.
Ho na le bopaki bo bong bo tšehetsang polelo ena. Kamano lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba tahi le bokhopo bo ka fella ka maemo a phahameng a CA, haholo kaha ho lemalla ho etsa joalo ho ka hlahisa ho hlahisa litholoana tse lebisang ho basebelisi ba bonang liwebsaete tse ntle haholo ho feta basebelisi ba sa lemalloang (Barnes & Pressey, 2017; Turel et al. 2011). Litlamorao li hlahisa phetolo ea lits'ebetso tsa ho lemoha le ho tiisa boiphihlelo bo itseng. Kahoo, basebelisi ba bonts'ang litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa bokhoba ba ts'ebetso ba ts'oara mekhoa e metle ea ts'ebetso (le haeba maikutlo a joalo a sa utloahale), ka hona, ba baka ho nyamela ka bongata tsamaisong. Ka mohlala, Turel et al. (2011) ba fumane bopaki ba hore basebelisi ba lemaletseng fantisi ea marang-rang ba tlaleha maemo a holimo a hore ba na le thuso, thabo le boiketlo ba tšebeliso ea sebaka sa fantisi Barnes le Pressey (2017) tlaleha hore ho lemalla lintho tse etsahalang lefatšeng ka bophara ho na le tšusumetso e ntle ho monkoeng oa kelello.
Ka kakaretso, ho hlahloba kamano lipakeng tsa CA le bokhoba ba eona ho re fa bokhoni ba ho utloisisa mekhoa eo boitšoaro bo mabapi le theknoloji e bonahatsoang le hore na ke eng e susumetsang batho hore ba be le litumelo tse itseng mabapi le IT, 'me "e sebetsa e le senotlolo sa litumelo tsa mantlha mabapi le theknoloji ea tlhaiso-leseling ”((Agarwal le Karahanna, 2000, leq. 666). Sena se ka bonahala e le sa bohlokoa ebile se le nakong ha ho fanoa ka boholo ba theknoloji ea smartphone le litlaleho tsa ts'ebeliso e mpe, mme li ka re thusa ho utloisisa hore na hobaneng ba bang boiphihlelo ba basebelisi boemo bo tebileng ba ho kenella ka mahlale a itseng ho feta ba bang. Karolong e latelang re bonts'a maikutlo a rona a amanang le bokhoba ba theknoloji ea smartphone.
2. Nts'etsopele ea kelello
Karolo ena e hlophisitsoe ka likarolo tse tšeletseng. Pele, rea hlahloba smartphone ho lemalla bokhoba ba ho lemalla joala le SNS, 'me sena se lateloa ke tšusumetso ea ho inkeloa ke kelello lintlha tsa demographic e amanang le bokhoba ba li-smartphone. Ka mor'a moo, re nahana ka tšusumetso ea ho tebisoa ha motho a lemaletse ho lemalla lithethefatsi ka smartphone, 'me qetellong tšusumetso ea ho amoheloa ka kelello ke bong, lilemo le thuto.
2.1. Ho lemalla Smartphone le ho lemalla ho SNS
Bongata ba lithuto tse hlahlobang ha li na mathata ts'ebeliso ea mahlale shebisisa lisebelisoa kapa sesebelisoa ka boeona (radio, TV, khomphutha, selefouno), ho fapana le litaba tseo theknoloji e fanang ka tsona (lenaneo le itseng, software, webosaete kapa ts'ebeliso). Joalo Roberts le Pirog (2012: 308) Ela hloko: "lipatlisiso li tlameha ho thea tlasa theknoloji e sebelisetsoang lits'ebetsong tse huleloang mosebelisi ho mahlale a itseng." Ho na le ngangisano ea hona joale ka har'a lingoliloeng mabapi le hore na ho lemalla ho sebelisa fono kapa ho litšebeletso tse fanoeng ho eona. joalo ka Pearson le Hussain (2015, leq. 19) e hlokometse: "Ka lits'ebetso tse ngata tse lemalloang ho smartphone, ho thata ho tsebahatse sesosa le phello kamano ea ts'ebeliso ea mathata. Li-smartphones tse ngata tse fapaneng Tshebetso e kanna ea ba lekhoba la litaba kapa e kanna ea ba basebelisi ba lemaletse mecha ea litaba. ”Ho feta moo, e kanna ea ba teng, moo mosebelisi a lemaletseng liwebsaete tsa bona tsa smartphone le tsa SNS.
As De-Sola Gutiérrez et al. (2016: 2) Ela hloko: "Ho na le bopaki ba hore smartphone, ka boholo ba lits'ebetso le ts'ebeliso, e batla e hohela tlhekefetso e kholo ho feta mehala ea selefouno e tloaelehileng" (bona hape Taneja, 2014). Leha ho le joalo, na ke taba ea bokhoba ba sesebelisoa (mohlala, smartphone) kapa temallo ea litaba le ts'ebeliso? Mofuta ona oa lipatlisiso o emisa ka lipuisano tsa pejana mabapi le bokhoba ba marang-rang moo ho amoheloang hore ho na le "phapang ea mantlha lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba tahi. ho marang-rang le likeletso on Inthanete" (Griffiths, 2012, leq. 519). Joalo Griffiths (2000) pheha khang, mesebetsi ea inthanete e tla fapana maemong a bona a ho itloaetsa ho etsa (bona hape E monyenyane, 1999).
Leha ho le joalo, hajoale ha ho na lipatlisiso tse khetholle pakeng tsa ho lemalla li-smartphone kapa ho lemalla mesebetsing eo ba e sebelisang basebelisi kapa ho kopanya maikutlo ana a mabeli, leha ho fanoa ka lipatlisiso tsa pejana. De-Sola Gutiérrez et al. (2016: 1) Ncha: "Patlisiso e mabapi le lefapha lena e hlahisitsoe ka bongata ho tsoa ho pono ea lefats'e ea selefouno e le sesebelisoa ho hlahlobisisoa ka lits'ebetso le litaba tse kahare." Ntho ea bohlokoa puisanong ena - le germane thutong e teng hona joale - ke hore na bothata ke li-smartphone kapa lits'ebetso le litaba tsa eona (De-Sola Gutiérrez et al. 2016).
Roberts et al. (2014) tiisa hore ka lebaka la ho hola hoa mefuta e mengata ea mesebetsi e ka etsoang ka mehala ea cellular, ho bohlokoa hore re utloisise hore na ke mesebetsi efe eo ho ka etsahalang hore e be tloaelo ho feta e meng. Pele o etsa lipatlisiso tse joalo ho ne ho tla bonahala e le sebaka se qalang sa ho theha haeba ho na le phapang ea ho lemalla bokhoba ba smartphone le litheolelo lits'ebetso tsa mantlha (joalo ka SNS). Ts'ebeliso ea SNS e bonts'itsoe e le selelekela se matla sa ho lemalla li-smartphone, ebile se matla ho feta ts'ebeliso ea li-smartphone tse ling tse ntle joalo ka papali (Jeong et al. 2016), mme ke motheo oa ho kenyelletsoa ha ona lithutong tsa hona joale. Na ke taba ea ho lemalla ts'ebeliso e le 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ea tšebeliso ea li-smartphone, SNS, kapa ke taba ea ho lemalla ho pharaletseng kapa lefats'e ka bophara? Re boloka bokhoba ba sesebelisoa ka kakaretso bo tla ba boima haholo ho feta ho lemalla SNS ka ho khetheha; ka hona ha ho ts'ebeliso e le 'ngoe e ka bang tšebeliso ea maikutlo ho feta sesebelisoa se ho kakaretso. Ka lebaka leo re fana ka maikutlo a latelang:
H1
Ho lemalla Smartphone ho tla ba kholo ho feta ho lemalla SNS.
2.2. Tšusumetso ea ho amoheloa ka mokhoa o hlakileng ho li-smartphone le ho lemalla ha SNS
Ha joale re nahana ka phello ea ho amoheloa hoa kelello ho lemeng ho SNS le lifono ka ho fapana. Khetho e tsebahalang haholo ea app e sebelisoang ho li-smartphones e tlaleha haholo joalo ka SNS, e susumetsoa ke likamano tsa sechaba tseo ba li hlokang (Barkhuus & Polichar, 2011; Pearson & Hussain, 2015; Salehan le Negahban, 2013), mme ts'ebeliso ea SNS e tlalehiloe e le mohanyetsi oa bokhoba ba li-smartphone (Salehan le Negahban, 2013). Ntlheng ena ea morao-rao, tlhaloso e le 'ngoe ea kamano lipakeng tsa ho fumaneha ha SNS le ts'ebeliso le ho amoheloa ha li-smartphone le tahi e ka ba boemo ba ho amohela mohopolo bo fumanoang ke basebelisi le boiphihlelo bo hohelang le bo ferekanyang bo lebisang ho' tlhokomelo e tebileng 'ea basebelisi le ho qoelisoa ka botlalo (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990; Deci & Ryan, 1985; Tellegen & Atkinson, 1974; Vallerand, 1997), haholoholo ha SNS e hola le ho hola ka sehlohlolong. Ka hona, re fana ka maikutlo a hore ho amoheloa ka mokhoa o hlakileng ho tla ba kholo ho SNS ho feta li-smartphones, kaha e 'ngoe ea liphetho tsa ho fufuleloa ha kelello ke ho sitoa ho itaola ka boits'oaro bo ka bang kotsi kapa ho senya mekhoa, haholoholo e tsamaisoang ke ho tsebahala ha SNS.
H2
Tšusumetso e tobileng ea ho inkela ho lemalla bokhoba ba lithethefatsi e tla ba kholo ho SNS ho feta li-smartphones.
2.3. Lintlha tsa demographic le bokhoba ba li-smartphone
Bacha le basali ba kotsing e kholo ea ho lemalla li-smartphone, athe bopaki mabapi le tšusumetso ea thuto bo kopane haholo. Pele, basali ba tloaetse ho qeta nako e ngata letsatsi le leng le le leng lifonong tsa bona ho feta banna (Roberts le al., 2014), mme ho na le bopaki bo qobellang ho fana ka maikutlo a hore basali ba na le ts'ehetso e kholo ea ts'ebeliso ea selefounu le tšebeliso ea mathata ho feta banna (Beranuy et al. 2009; Geser, 2006; Hakoama & Hakoyama, 2011; Jackson et al. 2008; Jenaro, Flores, Gomez-Vela, Gonzalez-Gil, le Caballo, 2007; Leung, 2008; Lopez-Fernandez, Honrubia-Serrano, le Freixa-Blanxart, 2012; Sanchez Martinez & Otero, 2009). Basali (haholo-holo ba nang le boitšepo bo tlase) ba nkoa ba le bangata sehlopha se hlaselehang habonolo mabapi le bokhoba ba li-smartphone (Pedrero et al. 2012), hape e ka itšetleha haholo ka li-smartphones ho feta banna hore ba fokotse matšoenyeho a sechaba (Lee et al. 2014). Bopaki bo boetse bo fana ka maikutlo a hore basali ba romella melaetsa e mengata ho feta balekane ba bona ba banna mme ba rata ho ngola lingoliloeng tse telele ho feta tsa banna (Pawłowska le Potembska, 2012). Leha ho le joalo, lithuto tse ling li fumane ho se tšoane ho fokolang kapa ho se fuoe letho ho itšetlehileng ka selefounu ka bong (Bianchi le Phillips, 2005; Junco, Merson, & Salter, 2010; Pearson & Hussain, 2015).
Ho na le bopaki ba hore banna le basali ba sebelisa lifono tsa bona ka tsela e fapaneng le e fapaneng. Geser (2006, leq. 3) e tiisa hore "sepheo le sepheo sa seipone sa ts'ebeliso ea selefouno ho fapana le ho tloaela likarolo tsa bong. ”Le ha basali ba rata ho fapanyetsana maikutlo le maikutlo a botho tseo lifono li li lumellang, ke ka lebaka leo e ananelang ts'ebeliso ea sesebelisoa ho feta banna - haholo-holo libaka tsa liwebsaete tsa metsoalle (joalo ka Facebook) (Bianchi le Phillips, 2005; De-Sola Gutiérrez et al. 2016; Geser, 2006; Lenhart, Purcell, Smith, & Zickuhr, 2010) - banna ba tloaetse ho rata libaka tsa marang-rang tsa litsebi (joalo ka LinkedIn) (Lenhart et al. 2010). Ho feta moo, thutong ea bona ea liithuti tsa k'holejeng naheng ea Amerika, Roberts et al. (2014) fumana hore basali ba qeta nako e eketsehileng haholo ho Facebook ho feta basebetsi-'moho le bona ba banna, le hore libaka tse ling tsa marang-rang tsa marang-rang e ne e le lisosa tsa bohlokoa tsa ho lemalla selefouno. Kahoo re ka pheha khang ea hore sepheo sa sechaba ke sesosa sa mantlha ts'ebelisong ea basali ea li-smartphone.
Bacha, haholo-holo bacha, ba tloaetse tšebeliso e thata ea mohala, ha nako eohle e sebelisitsoeng ho lifono e fokotseha ka lilemo (De-Sola Gutiérrez et al. 2016), e hlahisitsoeng ka palo e fokotsehileng ea boitaolo (Bianchi le Phillips, 2005). Patlisiso e boetse e bontšitse lilemo tseo motho a qalang ho fumana selefounu le monyetla oa ho sebelisoa ha mathata nakong e tlang (Sahin, Ozdemir, Unsal, & Temiz, 2013).
Bopaki mabapi le kamano pakeng tsa fihlella thuto mme ts'ebeliso ea mehala ea selefouno e na le mathata. Ha lithuto tse ling li supa khokahano lipakeng tsa tšebeliso ea mehala ea selefouno le boemo ba thuto (haholo-holo pakeng tsa nako e telele e ithutoang) (Tavakolizadeh, Atarodi, Ahmadpour, le Pourgheisar, 2014), ba bang ba hanyetsa sena (Billieux, 2012), esita le ho tlaleha khokahano lipakeng tsa tse tlase maemo a thuto le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea fonoLeung, 2007). Kahoo, litlhaloso tse entsoeng mabapi le khokahano lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea mehala ea selefounu le ho fihlella thuto ha lia ka tsa hatella haholo.
Re tšelisa tse latelang:
H3
Tlhahiso ea litšebeletso tsa SNS e tla fapana ka: (a) bong; (b) lilemo; le (c) thuto.
H4
Tebello ea li-smartphone e tla fapana ka: (a) bong; (b) lilemo; le (c) thuto.
2.4. Tšusumetso ea ho amoheloa hoa kelello ka bokhoba ba lithethefatsi tsa smartphone
Kaha SNS e ka nkuoa e le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso le lits'ebeletso tse fanoang ho li-smartphones, le karolo e atileng ea nako e sebelisitsoeng sesebelisoa, phello ea ho amoheloa ha kelello ka ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi ka mohala ka seng e lokela (ka nepo) e kopantsoe le ts'ebetso ea SNS. Ka mantsoe a mang, bokhoba ba SNS (joalo ka Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, jj.) e tla sebetsa e le mokhoa oa ho hohela kapa ho ho beha bakeng sa ho lemalla sesebelisoa ka ho feteletseng le sutu ea ts'ebetso ea kelello monko.
Ho na le ts'ehetso ea kamano ena ho lingoliloeng tse amanang. Joalokaha ho hlokometsoe pejana, khetho e tsebahalang haholo ea smartphone ke SNS (Barkhuus & Polichar, 2011; Pearson & Hussain, 2015; Salehan le Negahban, 2013), mme bopaki bo supa kamano e ntle lipakeng tsa ho lemalla fono ka mohala le SNS. Ka hona, keketseho e potlakileng ea ho amoheloa ha smartphone le ts'ebeliso e lumellana le bohlokoa ho ata ha tsona ea SNS, moo SNS e sebelisang ho lemalla lithethefatsi tsa smartphone (Salehan le Negahban, 2013). Ka hona, ha SNS e hohola haholoanyane, kholo e kholo ea boemo bohle ba ho lemalla sesebelisoa ke eona. Ka lebaka la hore re ka lebella tšusumetso e tobileng ea ho lemalla ho lemalla bokhoba ba tahi e tla ba kholo ho SNS ho feta li-smartphones, joalo ka ha re ngangisitse pejana re ne re ka lebella hore ho ts'oaroa ke SNS ho kopanya kamano lipakeng tsa ho amoheloa hoa kelello le ho lemalla li-smartphone. Kahoo, re bontša:
H5
Kameho ea ho kenella ka mokhoa o hlakileng litabeng tsa bokhoba ba li-smartphone e tla kopanngoa le bokhoba ba SNS.
2.5. Tšusumetso ea ho amoheloa ka kelello ke bong, lilemo le thuto
Bopaki bo bong bo supa hore batšehali ba fapaneng ba lemoha le ho khetholla theknoloji ka mekhoa e fapaneng. Basali ho nahanoa hore ba totobatsa sepheo sa ts'ebeliso ea batho le maemo a bophelo, ha ba batona ba nkuoa e le batho ba ikemiselitseng mosebetsi o mongata (Claisse & Rowe, 1987). E khahlametsa thutong ea hona joale, ho tlalehiloe liphapang pakeng tsa basebelisi ba banna le basali mehopolo ea kelello le tšebeliso ea li-smartphone tse qobelloang. Lee et al. (2014) o fumane hore ho na le litšobotsi tse tharo tsa kelello (tlhoko ea ho tšoaroa, sebaka sa taolo, 'me likamano tsa setjhaba matšoenyeho) a fapana pakeng tsa basebelisi ba li-smartphone tsa banna le basali.
Joalokaha ho hlokometsoe pejana, ha ho bapisoa le ba batona, basali ba rata ho ferekanya maikutlo le maikutlo a botho, ka hona ba anaanela ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea sesebelisoa, haholoholo libaka tsa marang-rang tsa marang-rang (Bianchi le Phillips, 2005; De-Sola Gutiérrez et al. 2016; Geser, 2006; Lenhart et al. 2010). Ho feta moo, basali ba tloaetse ho sebelisa li-Smartphones ka mabaka a kopaneng, athe ba batona ba rata merero ea botsitso (Lenhart et al. 2010). Kahoo, basali ba ka ba le boteng bo tebileng ba ho kenella (kapa ho monya ntho e itseng) le SNS ho feta banna?
Ha a ntse a Agarwal le Karahanna's (2000) Boithuto ba ho monya botle ba kelello bo fumanoeng ka inthanete ha bo fumane liphapang ho ea ka bong, thuto ea bona e ile ea etsoa lefatšeng la pele ho SNS. Haeba, joalo ka ha ho nahanoa pejana, basebelisi ba basali ba tla ba le litlamorao tse phahameng tsa SNS ho feta banna ka lebaka la boitlamo ba bona ba phapanyetsano ea botho le ea maikutlo eo li-Smartphones li e lumellang le ts'ebetso ea bona ea sechaba, ka hona re ka hlahisa hore basebelisi ba basali ba tla ba le maemo a maholo a ho amoheloa ka mokhoa o hlakileng ho feta basebelisi ba banna.
Mabapi le lilemo le thuto, ha ho na bopaki ba ho fana ka maikutlo a hore ntlha eo e bapala karolo ea maemo a ho amoheloa hoa kelello a fumanoang ke basebelisi. Ka hona re ke ke ra lebella hore ho se be le phapang ea ho amohela batho ka kelello ka lilemo kapa thuto.
Ha re nahana ka se kaholimo, re fana ka maikutlo a matla:
H6a
Tšusumetso ea ho ruruha ea kelello e tla ba matla ho basali ho feta banna ha u sebelisa SNS.
H6b
Litlamorao tsa ho monya hoa kelello ha u sebelisa SNS li ke ke tsa fapana ka lilemo.
H6c
Matla a ho amoheloa ke kelello ha o sebelisa SNS a ke ke a fapana ka phallo ea thuto.
2.6. Ho kenella ka kelello le bokhoba ba mosebelisi
Letoto la rona la ho qetela la li-hypotheses le amana le li-smartphone tsa mosebelisi le tšebeliso ea SNS le maemo a ho amoheloa ka kelello. Joalokaha ho hlokometsoe, re ne re ka lebella hore basebelisi ba nang le maemo a phahameng a smartphone le ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeletso ea SNS, kapa bokhoba, ba tla bonts'a maemo a phahameng a CA. Sena se ka hlalosa lebaka la sena ba bang boiphihlelo ba basebelisi boemo bo tebileng ba ho nka karolo, ho kenella le ho tsotella ha ho sebetsanoa le maemo a kopaneng le khomphutha ha basebelisi ba bang ba sa etse joalo. Ka hona tekanyo e phahameng ea CA e tsamaisa bokhoba le ho khothaletsa boits'oaro bo nang le mathata hara basebelisi ba bang, mme o sebetsa joalo ka mofuta oa ho khopamisa. Kahoo, re bontša:
H7
Basebelisi ba lemalloang ke smartphone ba tla ba le maemo a phahameng a CA.
H8
Basebelisi ba lemaletseng SNS ba tla ba le maemo a phahameng a CA.
3. Mokhoa oa ho etsa lipatlisiso
3.1. Moralo oa lipatlisiso
The moralo oa lipatlisiso amohela ho kenyelletsa sampole e bonolo ea karolo e le 'ngoe e sebelisang a ho iketsetsa tlaleho tlhahlobo. Boithuto bo sebelisitse likala ho tsoa lipatlisisong tse fetileng ho lekanya liemahale tsa thuto, leha li ne li fetoloa le ho atolosoa molemong oa thuto - likopo tsa marang-rang tsa sechaba smartphone. Tekanyo ea ho koenya e fetotsoe ho tloha Agarwal le Karahanna (2000) mme e akaretsa lintlha tse hlano: ho ikarola ka nakoana ("Ho sitoa ho ngolisa nako ea nako ha u ntse u sebelisana '), qoelisoa ka botebo ("Boiphihlelo ba ho kopanela ka botlalo moo litlhoko tse ling tsa tlhokomelo li hahelosoang"), natefeloa ke thabo ("Likarolo tse khahlisang tsa tšebelisano"), ho laola boemo ("Maikutlo a mosebelisi a ho ba molaoli oa tšebelisano"), le bohelehele ("Boholo ba boiphihlelo bo tsosa tjantjello ea kutlo le kutloisiso ea motho"). Mantsoe a lipotso tsa ho amohela mohopolo a tsepamisitse maikutlo ho tsepamiso ea maikutlo ea "ho sebelisa liwebsaeteng tseo batho ba etsang metsoalle ho tsona Lisebelisoa tse mabapi le smartphone ea ka ”. Mehato ea ho lemalla smartphone 'me bokhoba ba lits'ebeletso tsa marang-rang li fetotsoe ho tloha Charlton le Danforth (2007). Tekanyo ea e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ne e tšoana le litaba tsa eona empa e ne e fapane ho latela “le-smartphone” ea ka kapa "liwebsaete tsa ho etsa metsoalle". Lintho tse hlano li kenyellelitsoe ho tsoa Charlton le Danforth (2007), e tlatselitsoe ka lintho tse ling tse peli ho lekana moelelo oa thuto "Ke ikutloa eka ke lahliloe kantle ho [liwebsaete tsa marang-rang tsa marang-rang / smartphone ea ka]" le "Ke khelosoa habonolo ke [li-network tsa liwebosaete / smartphone ea ka]." Lintho li ne li lekantsoe ka lintlha tse supileng Sekala sa likert ho tloha 1 = Ho se lumellane ho matla ho 7 = Ho lumellana ka matla, moo 4 = Ha ho lumellane ebile ha ho lumellane. Likala tse sebelisitsoeng tlhahlobisong li fanoa ka ho sehlomathiso. Tlhahisoleseling ea demographic le ea morao-rao e ile ea bokelloa bakeng sa bong, lilemo, boemo bo holimo haholo ba katleho ea thuto, ts'ebeliso ea SNS ea letsatsi le letsatsi, le tšebeliso ea li-smartphone tsa letsatsi le letsatsi.
3.2. Pokello ea tlhaiso-leseling
Phuputso ena e sebelisitsoe marang-rang ka Qualtrics, 'me ea abeloa baithuti ba ithutang kgwebo univesithing e tikolohong ea Mid-Atlantic ea United States ka Pherekhong 2015. Kakaretso ea likarabo tse nepahetseng tsa 140 e ile ea bokelloa. Mohlala e ne e le oa basali oa 68.6% le 31.4% e le e motona. Kakaretso ea 75% ea sampole e ne e le lilemo tsa 34 kapa ka tlase, athe 42.9% e ne e na le lengolo la likharata le 13.6% a Lengolo la thuto e phahameng ea masters.
Re hlahlobile ho tšepahala ha mehato re sebelisa Cronbach's Alpha; Sekala sa ho lemalla li-smartphone le ho lemalla li-network tsa marang-rang se ne se na le Alphas ea Cronbach ea 0.835 le 0.890 ka ho latellana, kaholimo ho monyako oa 0.7 o khothalelitsoeng ke Nunnally (2010). Alpha ea Cronbach bakeng sa tekanyo ea ho kenya letsoho e ne e le 0.909, ha tse ling tsa likaroloana tsa eona li ne li tloha ho 0.722 ho isa ho 0.949, tseo kaofela li nkoang li amoheleha. Ho nepahala hoa khethollo e ile ea boela ea hlahlojoa ka ho fapana ha theko ea inflation. Ha re ntse re lekola phapang ea inflation Factor (VIF) bakeng sa lintho tse fapaneng tse ithutoang thutong ea rona, re fumana hore boleng bohle ba VIF bo ka tlase ho 10, ho tloha 1.032 ho 1.404, ho bonts'a hore multicollinearity ha se bothata (Moriri, Mnyama, Babin, & Anderson, 2014). Mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa leeme o ile oa hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa tlhahlobo e le 'ngoe ea Harman. Ntlha ea pele e hlalositse 35% feela ea phapang ea sampole mme ka hona mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa leeme o ne o sa bonahale o le teng.
Bakeng sa ho lekola maemo a tlhatlhobo bakeng sa ANOVA e sebelisitsoeng ho etsa liteko H7 'me H8, re thehile lihlopha tse tharo tsa bokhoba ba ho sebelisa mokhoa o tšoanang le oa Morahan-Martin le Schumacher (2000). Lihlopheng tsa rona tsa bokhoba ba litekanyetso li ile tsa hlahlojoa ho latela palo ea matšoao a "sebetsang" ho tsoa lenaneng la lintho tse supileng. Hore letšoao le "sebetse", karabelo ea likert ea Likert e lokela ho fetisa ntlha ea bohareng, 4 (Charlton le Danforth, 2007; Morahan-Martin & Schumacher, 2000). Lihlopha tsena tse tharo tsa bokhoba e ne e le: ha ho temallo (ha ho na matšoao), ho lemalla ho fokolang (matšoao a le 'ngoe kapa a mabeli) le tšenyo e phahameng (matšoao a mararo kapa ho feta).
Boholo ba tlhahlobo ea lintlha e ne e tšoaretsoe ho SPSS 22. Khopolo-taba mokhoa oa ho etsa liteko o sebelisitse mekhoa e mengata ea lipalo: liteko tsa-t, tlhahlobo ea phapang (ANOVA), boikoetliso le tlhahlobo ea Sobel e baliloeng o sebelisa mokhoa oa Baron le Kenny (1986).
4. Liphetho
4.1. Ho lemalla Smartphone le ho lemalla ho SNS
Letoto la rona la pele la liteko le ile la batla ho tseba phapang lipakeng tsa lekhoba la mosebelisi ho smartphone le bokhoba ba ho SNS ka mehlala ea lipara tBohareng lipakeng tsa kakaretso ea bokhoba ba lithethefatsi tsa smartphone le bokhoba ba SNS (bona Lethathamo 2). Liphetho li bonts'a hore ho na le phapang ea bohlokoa lipakeng tsa mefuta ena e 'meli ea tahi, ka phapang e bolelang ea 3.44 le t-boleng ba 7.303 (p <.001, Msmartphone_messy = 25.43, MSNS_ddiction = 21.99). Kahoo H1 - ho lemalla li-smartphone ho tla ba kholo ho feta ho lemalla SNS - e tšehelitsoe.
E ka fetoha | E bolelang | SD | SE | Bolela Phapang | SD (Phapang) | SE (Phapang) | t | df | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tebello ea Smartphone | 25.43 | 9.19 | 0.78 | 3.44 | 5.57 | 0.47 | 7.303 | 139 | <.001 |
Sebelisa SNS | 21.99 | 9.75 | 0.82 |
4.2. Matla a tlisoang ke ho lemalla bokhoba ba kelello
E le ho hlahloba tšusumetso ea ho lemalla ho hlaphoheloa kelellong (CA) ka mefuta e 'meli ea bokhoba ba tahi, re ile ra sebetsa habeli mehlala ea regression: e mong ea hlahlojoang matla a bokhoba ba ho lemalla li-smartphone le e mong a lekola matla a bokhoba ba SNS. Liphetho li bonts'itsoe Lethathamo 3. Joalokaha re bona, tšebeliso ea tšebeliso ea SNS e susumetsoa haholo ke ts'ebeliso ea tšebeliso ea li-smartphone, e nang le li-coefficients tse kholo le boleng bo phahameng ba F (boleng ba tšebeliso ea SNS: R2 = 0.254; F = 47.061; p <.001; = 0.746, p <.001; tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi: R2 = 0.240; F = 43.444, le <.001; β = 0.683, le <.001).
Ikemetseng e fapaneng | β | SE | (Std.) | boleng | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1. DV: Ts'ebeliso ea SNS R2 = 0.254 (F = 47.061, p <.001, dfho laola = 1, dfmasala = 138, dfkakaretso = 139) | Tlhokomeliso ea kelello | .746 | .109 | .504 | 6.860 | <.001 |
Model 2. DV: Tebeliso ea Smartphone R2 = 0.240 (F = 43.444, p <.001, dfho laola = 1, dfmasala = 138, dfkakaretso = 139) | Tlhokomeliso ea kelello | .683 | .103 | .490 | 6.599 | <.001 |
Ho lekola hore na phapang ea boleng ba beta e bohlokoa haholo ka lipalo re sebelisa tlhahlobo ea Paternoster, Brame, Mazerolle, le Piquero (1998) le foromo e latelang:
Sephetho ke Z = 1.766, e bohlokoa maemong a 5%, e tiisa hore CA e na le ho feta tšusumetso e kholo ho lemalla SNS ho fapana le ho lemalla smartphone. Ka hona, H2 - tšusumetso e tobileng ea ho inkela ho lemalla bokhoba ba tahi e tla ba kholo ho SNS ho feta li-smartphones - ea tšehetsoa.
4.3. Lintlha le palo ea batho
Ha joale re fetohela likarolong tsa palo ea batho ba lemalloang ke li-smartphone. Bakeng sa ho etsa liteko tsa phapang ho latela bong, thuto le lilemo, re sebelisa ANOVA ho lekola liphapang lipakeng tsa lihlopha bakeng sa mefuta e khuts'oane ea tahi ea li-smartphones le SNS. Bakeng sa ho lekola bokhoba ba sehlopha sa lilemo ho ne ho hlokahala hore batho ba baholo ba khutlele sehlopheng se le seng bakeng sa lilemo tse 35 + ka lebaka la tlhaiso-leseling e sa lekaneng. Ka hona re ne re e-na le lihlopha tsa lilemo tse tharo: 18-24 lilemo, 25-34 lilemo le 35 + lilemo. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, fihlella thuto e ile ea qaptjoa hape ka lihlopha tse tharo ka lebaka la tlhaiso-leseling e sa lekaneng: Sekolo se phahameng Graduate kapa ka tlase, lengolo la likharata kapa Ho lekana, hape Lengolo la thuto e phahameng ea masters kapa E lekanang.
Liteko tsa ANOVA tsa bokhoba ba ts'ebeletso ea SNS ha li hlahise liphapang tsa bohlokoa ho latela lilemo (F = 1.368; p = .258), bong (F = 0.327, p = .568) kapa phallo ea thuto (F = 1.488, p = .229). Ka hona, H3 - Tebello ea litšebeletso tsa SNS e tla fapana ka: (a) bong; (b) lilemo; le (c) thuto - e lahliloe.
Mabapi le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa smartphone le lintlha tsa demographic, liteko tsa ANOVA li fumana phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa lihlopha bakeng sa phihlello ea thuto (F = 3.098, p = .048). Teko ea post-hoc e sebelisang ts'ebetso ea Bonferroni e fumane hore sehlopha se tlase ka ho fetisisa sa thuto, Sekolo se Phahameng sa Koetliso kapa Ka tlase, se na le tahi e phahameng haholo ho feta Bachelor's Degree kapa Equivalent (phapang = 4.093, MSekolo se phahameng = 27.462, MBachelors = 23.333, p = .042). Ha ho phapang e kholo e senotsoeng ho latela bong (F = 0.102, p = .750) kapa lilemo (F = 1.008, p = .368). Kahoo, H4 - temallo ea li-smartphone e tla fapana ka: (a) bong; (b) lilemo; le (c) thuto - e amoheloa ka mokhoa o itseng, ka bopaki ba phapang ea tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa smartphone bakeng sa thuto.
4.4. Tšusumetso ea ho amoheloa hoa kelello ka bokhoba ba lithethefatsi tsa smartphone
Kameho e kopanyang ea ho lemalla SNS kamanong e lipakeng tsa ho amoheloa ke kelello le ho lemalla li-smartphone e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa liteko tsa Sobel (Baron le Kenny, 1986; Sobel, 1986). Liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ena li bonts'oa Lethathamo 4, e bontšang hore ho monya kutloisiso ho hlile ho sebetsoa ka ho lemalla SNS (Z = 6.865, SE = 0.063, p <.001). Sena se bonts'a hore ho kenella mohopolong ho matlafatsoa ke ho lemalla SNS mme ho fetisetsoa bokhobeng ba smartphone. Kahoo, H5 - tšusumetso ea ho inkela ho lemalla bokhoba ba lithethefatsi tsa smartphone e tla ananeloa ka ho lemalla ho SNS - e tšehelitsoe.
Kamano e lekiloe | a | SEa | b | SEb | Sobel | SE | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ho Utloisisa Mohopolo → SNS Sebelisa Ho Lemalla → Tlatsetso ea Fono | 0.573 | 0.072 | 0.760 | 0.056 | 6.865 | 0.063 | <.001 |
Hlokomela: Tsela ea: Ho Utloisisa Boitsebiso → SNS Sebelisa Tebeliso; tsela ea b: SNS Sebelisa Joala → Ho Sebelisoa ha Fono.
4.5. Tšusumetso ea ho amoheloa ka kelello ke bong, lilemo le thuto
Liteko tsa rona tse latelang li ile tsa sheba CA le liphapang basebelisi ba nang le boiphihlelo ka bong, lilemo le thuto. Mabapi le bong, re fumana hore basali ba na le maemo a maholo ho feta a banna ha ba sebelisa SNS (MCA_Male = 4.517; MCA_Female = 4.925; bona Lethathamo 5a). Ho nka tekano ea ho fapana, sampole e ikemetseng t-Tlhahlobo ea ho fapana ha CA lipakeng tsa ba batona le ba batšehali e fumanoe e bohlokoa (e bolela phapang = 0.408; t = 2.421; p = .017). Leha ho le joalo, liteko tse ling tse entsoeng ke sethoana sa CA li fumane hore phapang ena e tsamaisoa ke ho ikarola nakong, ntho feela ea CA e bonts'ang phapang e kholo bakeng sa bong, ka phapang e kholo ea 0.735 (t = 2687; p = .008; bona Lethathamo 5b). Kahoo, H6a - phello ea ho monya kelello e tla ba matla ho basali ho feta banna ha u sebelisa SNS - e ts'ehelitsoe.
E ka fetoha | bong | N | E bolelang | SD | SE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CA | Male | 44 | 4.517 | 0.861 | 0.130 |
Female | 96 | 4.925 | 0.953 | 0.097 | |
FI | Male | 44 | 4.046 | 0.825 | 0.124 |
Female | 96 | 4.413 | 1.123 | 0.115 | |
TD | Male | 44 | 4.859 | 1.567 | 0.236 |
Female | 96 | 5.594 | 1.472 | 0.150 | |
CU | Male | 44 | 4.466 | 1.464 | 0.221 |
Female | 96 | 4.625 | 1.496 | 0.153 | |
CO | Male | 44 | 4.432 | 1.039 | 0.157 |
Female | 96 | 4.646 | 1.130 | 0.115 | |
HE | Male | 44 | 4.790 | 1.054 | 0.159 |
Female | 96 | 5.159 | 1.222 | 0.125 |
Teko ea Levene ea Tekano ea Mefuta-futa | t-Test bakeng sa Tekano ea Mekhoa | |||||||
F | Sig. | T | df | Sig. (2-tailed) | Bolela Phapang | Std. Phapang Phoso | ||
CA | Ho nahanoa hore phapang e lekanang | .027 | .870 | -2.421 | 138 | .017 | -.40795 | .16849 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phapang e lekanang ha e nahanoe | -2.515 | 91.786 | .014 | -.40795 | .16220 | |||
FI | Ho nahanoa hore phapang e lekanang | 3.048 | .083 | -1.940 | 138 | .054 | -.36705 | .18918 |
Phapang e lekanang ha e nahanoe | -2.170 | 110.830 | .032 | -.36705 | .16911 | |||
TD | Ho nahanoa hore phapang e lekanang | 1.919 | .168 | -2.687 | 138 | .008 | -.73466 | .27346 |
Phapang e lekanang ha e nahanoe | -2.624 | 78.928 | .010 | -.73466 | .27999 | |||
CU | Ho nahanoa hore phapang e lekanang | .000 | .991 | -.588 | 138 | .557 | -.15909 | .27052 |
Phapang e lekanang ha e nahanoe | -.593 | 85.141 | .555 | -.15909 | .26839 | |||
CO | Ho nahanoa hore phapang e lekanang | .913 | .341 | -1.066 | 138 | .288 | -.21402 | .20072 |
Phapang e lekanang ha e nahanoe | -1.100 | 90.264 | .274 | -.21402 | .19452 | |||
HE | Ho nahanoa hore phapang e lekanang | 1.238 | .268 | -1.730 | 138 | .086 | -.36908 | .21334 |
Phapang e lekanang ha e nahanoe | -1.828 | 95.834 | .071 | -.36908 | .20194 |
Bakeng sa ho lekola ho kenella hoa kutloisiso ke sehlopha sa lilemo ho ne ho hlokahala hore batho ba baholo ba khutlele sehlopheng se le seng bakeng sa lilemo tse 35 + ka lebaka la tlhaiso-leseling e sa lekaneng (joalo ka ha ho boletsoe kaholimo). Ka hona re ne re e-na le lihlopha tsa lilemo tse tharo: 18-24 lilemo, 25-34 lilemo le 35 + lilemo. Ho nahanoa ka phapang e lekanang bakeng sa liteko tsa ANOVA. Liteko tsa ANOVA li senotse palo e fokolang ea liphapang tse kholo lipakeng tsa lilemo, e leng bakeng sa bohelehele le Taolo (F = 4.444, p = .013; le F = 5.008, p = .008 ka ho latellana). Liteko tsa Post-hoc tse sebelisang ts'ebetso ea Bonferroni li fumane hore bakeng sa Thahasello, sehlopha sa lilemo tse 18-24 se seholo haholo ho feta sehlopha sa lilemo tse 25-34 (phapang e bolelang = 0.800, p = .016). Bakeng sa Taolo, sehlopha sa lilemo tsa 35 + se fumanoe se na le maemo a maholo haholo ho feta sehlopha sa lilemo tse 25-34 (phapang e bolelang = 0.731, p = .006). Ho ne ho se na phapang e ngoe ea bohlokoa ho data. Kahoo, re fumana seo H6b - litlamorao tsa ho amoheloa hoa kelello ha u sebelisa SNS li ke ke tsa fapana ka lilemo - li ts'ehetsoe ka mokhoa o fokolang.
Liteko tsa ANOVA ho netefatsa phapang ea ho kenngoa hoa kelello ho latela ho fihlella ha thuto ha li na litholoana tsa bohlokoa. Ka hona, H6c - litlamorao tsa ho amoheloa hoa kelello ha u sebelisa SNS li ke ke tsa fapana ka ho fumana thuto - oa tšehetsoa.
4.6. Ho kenella ka kelello le bokhoba ba mosebelisi
Letoto la rona la ho qetela la liteko le hlahloba kamano lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba lithethefatsi le boholo ba CA bo fumanoeng ke basebelisi ba li-smartphones le SNS. Bakeng sa ho etsa liteko tsena re thehile lihlopha tsa basebelisi tse nang le ts'oaetso e phahameng, e tlase ebile e se nang lithethefatsi, joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe karolong ea mokhoa oa mekhoa.
Teko ea rona ea pele ea ANOVA e ile ea hlahloba ho se tšoane ha CA le ho lemalla li-smartphone (bona Lethathamo 6), Ho fumana hore CA e fapane haholo le sehlopha bakeng sa maemo a ho lemalla li-smartphone (F = 19.572, p <.001). Le ha karoloana ea taolo ea CA e ne e se bohlokoa (F = 2.359, p = .98), likarolo tsohle tse ling tsa CA li ne li le bohlokoa, litlamorao tse kholo e le tsa ho sotha nako (F = 35.229, p <.001), e lateloang ke ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho qoelisoa (F = 7.514, p = .001), bohelehele (F = 5.255, p = .006), le thabo e phahameng (F = 4.484, p = .009). Ka kakaretso, basebelisi ho tlaleha maemo a phahameng a bokhoba ba smartphone a tlalehiloe maemo a phahameng a CA ho feta basebelisi ba tlalehang litheko tse tlase, ha basebelisi ba nang le litekanyetso tse tlase tsa smartphone ba tlaleha maemo a phahameng a CA ho feta basebelisi ba se nang boemo ba bokhoba ba smartphone. Kahoo H7 - basebelisi ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea tumello ea smartphone ba tla ba le maemo a phahameng a ho amoha batho ba nang le kelello - baa tšehetsoa.
bath | 1. Bokhoba bo phahameng (n = 67) | 2. Bokhoba bo tlase (n = 47) | 3. Ha ho temallo (n = 26) | P (F-boleng) | ANOVA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tlhokomeliso ea kelello | 5.15 | 4.76 | 3.94 | <.001 (19.572) | 1> 2**, 1> 3***, 2> 3*b |
Ho Imeloa Kelellong | 4.58 | 4.24 | 3.69 | .001 (7.514) | 1> 3**a |
Control | 4.77 | 4.48 | 4.26 | .098 (2.359) | E senang.b |
Ho Khetholoa ha Nako | 6.06 | 5.33 | 3.62 | <.001 (35.229) | 1> 2**, 1> 3***, 2> 3**b |
bohelehele | 4.87 | 4.60 | 3.79 | .006 (5.255) | 1> 3**a |
A natefeloa ke thabo | 5.23 | 5.08 | 4.43 | .009 (4.854) | 1> 3*b |
Hlokomela: a Bonferroni; b Tam2 ea Tamhane e sebelisitsoe ka lebaka la ho heteroscedasticity; ***p <.001; **p <.01; *p <.05; dfbetweengroups = 2, dfLithane = 137, dfkakaretso = 139.
Ka mor'a moo, re ile ra lekola liphapang tsa CA le maemo a basebelisi a bokhoba ba SNS (bona Lethathamo 7). Re fumana hore CA e fapane haholo le sehlopha sa lithethefatsi (p <.001). Basebedisi ba tlalehang maemo a phahameng a ho lemalla SNS ba tlalehile maemo a phahameng a CA ho feta basebelisi ba nang le maemo a tlase a ho lemalla SNS le basebelisi ba se nang maemo a SNS. Hape, karoloana ea taolo ea CA e ne e se bohlokoa, hape le subcomponent Curiosity. Ha re fuoa liphetho tsena, H8 - basebelisi ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebetso ea SNS ba tla ba le maemo a phahameng a ho amoha motho kelello - ea ts'ehetsoa.
bath | 1. Bokhoba bo phahameng (n = 53) | 2. Bokhoba bo tlase (n = 37) | 3. Ha ho temallo (n = 50) | P (F-boleng) | ANOVA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tlhokomeliso ea kelello | 5.25 | 4.82 | 4.35 | <.001 (13.902) | 1> 2*, 1> 3***b |
Ho Imeloa Kelellong | 4.72 | 4.25 | 3.94 | .001 (7.871) | 1> 3***a |
Control | 4.85 | 4.40 | 4.45 | .092 (2.425) | E senang.a |
Ho Khetholoa ha Nako | 6.14 | 5.55 | 4.50 | <.001 (18.777) | 1> 2**, 1> 3***b |
bohelehele | 4.91 | 4.58 | 4.26 | .080 (2.571) | E senang.a |
A natefeloa ke thabo | 5.38 | 5.18 | 4.63 | .004 (5.827) | 1> 3***a |
Hlokomela: a Bonferroni; b Tam2 ea Tamhane e sebelisitsoe ka lebaka la ho heteroscedasticity; ***p <.001; **p <.01; *p <.05 dfbetweengroups = 2, dfLithane = 137, dfkakaretso = 139.
Lethathamo 8 e fana ka kakaretso ea sephetho sa tlhahlobo ea hypothesis. Joalokaha re bona, ho litekanyetso tse leshome tse lekiloeng, liphetho tsa thuto ea rona li fana ka tšehetso ho tse supileng tsa tsona (H1, H2, H5, H6a, H6c, H7 'me H8). Re boetse re fumana tšehetso e sa lekanyetsoang ea litemana tse ling tse peli (H4 'me H6b); haholo-holo, bokhoba ba li-smartphone bo fumanoe bo fapana ka thuto (e ts'ehetsa H4b), ka bokhoba ba ba arabelitsoeng sekolong se phahameng ho feta ba nang le li-degree tsa bachelor, ha ho amoheloa ha kutloisiso ho SNS ho fumanoe ho fapane lipakeng tsa lilemo tsa bohelehele le taolo. Khopolo-taba e le 'ngoe ha e tšehetsoe ke data ea rona (H3).
Likhopolo-taba | Phello |
---|---|
H1: Ho lemalla li-smartphone ho tla ba kholo ho feta ho lemalla SNS. | tšehetsoa |
H2: Tšusumetso e tobileng ea ho inkela ho lemalla bokhoba ba lithethefatsi e tla ba kholo ho SNS ho feta li-smartphones. | tšehetsoa |
H3: Tebello ea litšebeletso tsa SNS e tla fapana ka: (a) bong; (b) lilemo; le (c) thuto. | Ha e tšehetsoe |
H4: Tebello ea li-smartphone e tla fapana ka: (a) bong; (b) lilemo; le (c) thuto. | E tšehelitsoe hanyane |
H5: Tšusumetso ea ho kenella ho lemalloang ka ho lemalla lithethefatsi tsa smartphone e tla kopanngoa le bokhoba ba SNS. | tšehetsoa |
H6a: Tšusumetso ea ho ruruha ea kelello e tla ba matla ho basali ho feta banna ha u sebelisa SNS. | tšehetsoa |
H6b: Tšusumetso ea ho monya kelello ha u sebelisa SNS e ke ke ea fapana ka lilemo. | E tšehelitsoe hanyane |
H6cPhello ea ho amoheloa ke kelello ha u sebelisa SNS e ke ke ea fapana ka phallo ea thuto. | tšehetsoa |
H7: Basebelisi ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea smartphone ba tla ba le maemo a phahameng a ho amoha batho kelello. | tšehetsoa |
H8Basebelisi ba lemaletseng SNS ba tla ba le manollo e phahameng ea kelello. | tšehetsoa |
5. Lipatlisiso le lipuisano
Pampiri ea hajoale e fana ka bopaki bo matla bo amanang le bokhoba ba smartphone khahlanong le bokhoba ba ho liwebsaeteng tseo batho ba etsang metsoalle ho tsona sesebelisoa. Ha ho ntse ho na le melapo e amanang ka ho hlaka mabapi le ho lemalla sesebelisoa sa li-smartphone le ho lemalla libaka tsa liwebsaete tsa metsoalle tsena ha li kopantsoe ka botlalo, leha ho le joalo, taba eo ho buuoang ka eona lithutong tsa morao-rao (De-Sola Gutiérrez et al. 2016; Jeong et al. 2016; Pearson & Hussain, 2015). Ha ho na thuto ea morao-rao, leha ho le joalo, e khetholle pakeng tsa ho lemalla li-smartphones le ho lemalla lintho tseo ba li sebelisang, kapa ho seng joalo ba lekile ho hokahanya maikutlo ana a mabeli. Re fumana hore tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi ho li-smartphones e kholo ho feta ho lemalla ho SNS; ke ka hona, hona joale ho nang le ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea sesebelisoa ka kakaretso ho feta ts'ebeletso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e fanoeng ho eona.
Ha re ntse re fumana hore bokhoba ba ts'ebeletso ea SNS ha bo fapana ka bong, lilemo kapa thuto, re fumana hore bokhoba ba li-smartphone bo fapana ka thuto. Ka ho khetheha re fumana hore basebelisi ba nang le boemo bo tlase haholo ba fihlella thuto e bontšitse maemo a phahameng ka ho fetisisa a ho lemalla li-smartphone. Hobaneng ha basebelisi ba li-smartphone ba nang le maemo a tlase a thuto ba tlameha ho ba le maemo a phahameng a bokhoba ha bo hlake ka ho felletseng; mohlomong sehlopha sena se na le bokhoni bo fokotsehileng ba ho itaola tšebeliso ea bona e qobelloang ea li-smartphone.
Liphumano tsena li hatisa bohlokoa ba kutloisiso e hlakileng haholoanyane ea ho lemalla li-smartphone lithutong tsa nakong e tlang le ho bua ka tšebeliso ea mathata a li-smartphone, haholo hobane ho hlakile hore ho na le liphapang tse hlakileng lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba lithethefatsi. ho li-smartphones ha li bapisoa le bokhoba ba ho lemalla on li-smartphones. Joalo Emanuel (2015) o re: "re lemaletse tlhahisoleseling, boithabiso le khokahano ea botho [eo smartphone e e hlahisang", empa tšebeliso e nang le mathata e hlakile e tla amana le mosebetsi o etsoang. Ha li-smartphones li ntse li thatafala le ho feta - le ho hlaka mesebetsi eo ba ka e etsang hona joale le nakong e tlang - re hloka ho utloisisa liphapang tsa mofuta oa tlhekefetso lipakeng tsa li-smartphones le SNS (hammoho le mesebetsi e meng e mengata e ntseng e etsoa).
Potso e loketseng ho botsa ke hore na ho lemalla li-smartphone le mofuta oa SNS ho joang? Litla-morao tsa boitšoaro (joalo ka bokhoba ba li-smartphone) tse amanang le tšebeliso e feteletseng kapa ho itšetleha ka ts'ebeliso ke mathata a sebelisoang ke ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi (mohlala, lithethefatsi, joala, koae), kapa taba ea li-smartphones, 'ntho' ke eona likamano tsa sechaba le lits'ebeletso tsa boithabiso tseo ba fanang ka tsona. Sechabeng, batho ba bangata ba hohela boithabisong bo sa feleng le ho boloka likamano tsa sechaba, 'me ka mokhoa o hlakileng, lifono ke lisebelisoa tse tsebahalang haholo ho fihlela sena. Le ha ho le joalo ka mehala ea selefouno “… e fetotse mekhoa ea sechaba le ho fetola tsela eo re etsang ka eona kgwebo … Ka ho makatsang re na le pono e nyane ka phello ea bona maphelong a rona [maphelo] ”(Katz & Akhus, 2002). Sena se makatsa ha ho fanoa ka litlaleho tse ntseng li eketseha tsa ba arabileng ba reng ba sebelisa smartphone ho e qoba litšebelisano tsa kahisano, kapa ho seng joalo ba sebelisa sesebelisoa sa bona ho tikoloho setjhabeng (Belardi, 2012; Merlo, Lejoe, & Bibbey, 2013). Khokahano e boetse e fetohile mokhanni oa sehlooho oa boits'oaro ba sechaba fetoha; ka tekanyo e fetelletseng, leha ho le joalo, ho tlala ka melaetsa, mangolo, mangolo-tsoibila le liapdeite ho ka etsa hore re nyenyefatse ba re potileng, re ba nke e le mekhatlo ea dijithale (Turkle, 2017).
Ts'ebeliso e tloaelehileng ea lisebelisoa tse kang li-smartphones e boetse e tsamaisoa ke 'tšabo ea ho lahleha' (Baral, 2017). Mekhoa e thehoa ka ts'ebetso ea ho matlafatsa thuto mabapi le boits'oaro bo itseng bo kileng ba re putsa; li-smartphones li thusa ho netefatsa hore basebelisi ba se ke ba fetoa ke liketsahalo kapa liapdeite, ka hona ba fokotsa likhatello tsa sechaba. Joalokaha Elliot Berkman - moprofesa oa thuto ea kelello Univesithing ea Oregon - a re, "li-smartphones e ka ba mokhoa oa ho pholoha ho boithati hobane ke fensetere ho linaha tse ngata ntle le tokelo e ka pele ho uena ”(Baral, 2017). Ho hatella ts'ebeliso ea tloaelo ea li-smartphones bakeng sa basebelisi ba bang ho ka baka ho tšoenyeha le ho se ts'oanehe. Maikutlo a basebelisi le ona a tla bapala karolo ea ts'ebetso ea ho lemalla, eo re tla e tšohla lintlha tse latelang.
Boithuto ba hona joale ke thuto ea pele e atileng ho totobatsa karolo ea maikutlo a basebelisi (e lekantsoeng ka boemo ba ho amoheloa hoa kelello)Agarwal le Karahanna, 2000)) ka ho lemalla tahi. Re fumana hore tšusumetso e tobileng ea CA mabapi le bokhoba ba tahi e kholo ho SNS ho feta li-smartphones, mohlomong ka lebaka la e 'ngoe ea liphetho tsa ho amoheloa ka mokhoa o hlokolosi - ho se khone ho itaola ka boits'oaro bo ka bang kotsi kapa ho senya mekhoa, haholoholo e susumetsoang ke tumello ea SNS. Ho feta moo, re fumana hore tšusumetso ea ho kenella ha motho kelellong ka bokhobeng ba li-smartphone e tsamaisoa ke bokhoba ba SNS. Ka mantsoe a mang, bokhoba ba SNS (joalo ka Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, joalo-joalo) e tla sebetsa e le mokhoa oa ho khothatsa kapa ho hohela bakeng sa ho lemalla sesebelisoa ka ho feteletseng le sutu ea ts'ebetso ea kelello monko. Ka hona, keketseho e potlakileng ea ho amoheloa ha smartphone le ts'ebeliso e lumellana le bohlokoa ho ata ha tsona ea SNS, moo SNS e sebelisang ho lemalla li-Apple.
Re fumana hore basebelisi ba nang le temallo ea smartphone le bona ba bonts'a maemo a phahameng a CA ho feta basebelisi ba nang le litekanyetso tse tlase kapa ba se nang lithethefatsi tsa smartphone. Ho feta moo, re boetse re fumana hore basebelisi ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea SNS ba na le maemo a phahameng a CA. Liphumano tsena li fana ka bopaki bo matla ba hore na ke hobaneng ha basebelisi ba bang ba lemalla le ha ba bang ba sa bonts'e tšebeliso e thata, leha ho hlokahala lipatlisiso tse ngata ho hlahloba bakhanni ba ho lemalla ha basebelisi lisebelisoa tsa li-smartphone le SNS.
Ho khutlela ho lintlha tsa demographic ea ho amoheloa ka mokhoa o hlakileng, qalong re fumana hore phello ea ho inkela lintho ka tsela ea kelello e matla ho basali ho feta banna ha u sebelisa SNS; karolo e ikhethileng ea nako ea CA e ile ea bonoa e tsamaisa sena, ho bontša hore basali ba na le monyetla oa ho ngolisa nako ea nako ha ba ntse ba sebelisa SNS ha ho bapisoa le ba batona. Sena se bonahala ha nako e bonahala e feta ka potlako, e lahleheloa ke nako, 'me e qeta nako e ngata lits'ebetsong tsa marang-rang ho feta kamoo ho neng ho reretsoe. Tabeng ea CA le lilemo, liphapang tse ling li ile tsa bonoa empa li ne li le nyane haholo kahoo ha ho supe liphetho tse hlakileng. Qetellong, phello ea CA ha u sebelisa SNS ha e fapana ka phallo ea thuto.
Ka kakaretso, pampiri ena e fana ka menehelo e meraro ea khopolo-taba. Qalong, re sebetsana le ngangisano ea 'sesebelisoa se bapisoang le litaba tsa smartphone', ka hona, re arabela mehala ea morao-rao ho etsa lipatlisiso ka ketsahalo ena (De-Sola Gutiérrez et al. 2016; Jeong et al. 2016; Pearson & Hussain, 2015). Ha ho thuto e fetileng e kileng ea bapisa mefuta e fapaneng ea dikahare ka botlalo, kapa, ho feta, phapang pakeng tsa ho lemalla sesebelisoa le papatso ea tšebeliso ea tšebeliso ea ketso e itseng; phapano ena e poteletseng e bohlokoa hobane e re thusa ho utloisisa hamolemo bokhoba ba li-smartphone (Jeong et al. 2016). Taba ea bobeli, re ile ra sekaseka liphapang tsa bong le ho lemalla li-smartphone ho kenyelletsa maikutlo a basebelisi. Taba ea boraro, thuto ea hona joale e fetisa kutloisiso ea rona ea ho fufuleloa ka kelello le maikutlo a basebelisi a amanang le bokhoba ba li-smartphone. Ka kopanelo, thuto ea hona joale e kenya letsoho lehlakoreng le lefifi la theknoloji ea mohala oa mohala le tšebeliso ea litheko tsa mosebelisi, le karolo ea maikutlo a basebelisi libakeng tse kopaneng le khomphutha.
Ha li kopantsoe hammoho, liphumano tsena li hatisa bohlokoa ba ho nahana ka phapang e ka bang teng pakeng tsa sesebelisoa leha e le sefe se nang le khomphutha sebetsa matla le lits'ebetso tsa eona kapa litaba tsa eona. Patlisiso ea nako e tlang mabapi le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa smartphone le tšebeliso e mpe ea li-smartphone ka hona e hloka ho ntlafatsoa le ho nahana ka liphapang tsena tse ka bang bohlokoa, haholoholo ka ho tseba lintho tsa mehleng ena lisebelisoa tsa khomphutha. E amanang le sena ke karolo ea maikutlo a basebelisi; mehopolo ea basebelisi ha u sebetsana le li-smartphones e ka fapana ho latela mosebetsi o ntseng o etsoa, ho bontša hore lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang li lokela ho nka sena ha ba etsa lipatlisiso ka likarolo tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebeliso ea li-smartphone.
6. Liphello
Joalo Rudi Volti (1995) e hlokometse "ho se khone ho utloisisa theknoloji le ho utloisisa litlamorao ho sechaba sa rona 'me ke e' ngoe ea mathata a kholo haholo, kapa a poteletseng haholo a lilemo tse bileng le tšusumetso e matla ho phetoho ea mahlale. ”Ho makatsa ha smartphone mahlale a morao-rao ke hore e na le bokhoni ba ho lokolla basebelisi ka nako e tšoanang mme e boetse e ba theola, e leng ho ka bakang mekhoa e mebe ea basebelisi esita le ho lemalla. Kahoo, ho ka bonahala ho le bohlokoa ho utloisisa phello eo theknoloji ea smartphone e nang le eona ho basebelisi le sechabeng, haholo-holo lehlakore le lefifi la mahlale. Boithuto bona bo phahamisa 'mele oa mosebetsi oa theknoloji le bokhoba ba li-smartphone maemong a mangata. Liphetho tsa thuto e teng hona joale li bonts'a hore ho na le phapang e khōlō lipakeng tsa ho lemalla lisebelisoa tsa smartphone le SNS mabapi le bokhoba ba mosebelisi; ho lemalla lisebelisoa tsa smartphone ho ho feta ho lemalla SNS (t = 7.303, p <.001), bokhoba ba smartphone bo fapana ka fihlella thuto (F = 3.098, p = .048), ha ts'ebeliso ea SNS e sa fapana ka bong, lilemo, kapa thuto. Liphetho tsena li hatisa bohlokoa ba ho se lekanyetse lipatlisiso boithutong ba boits'oaro ba basebelisi ka sesebelisoa ka bo sona, empa hape le ho lefa ts'ebeliso ea eona le mesebetsi e ikhethileng e etsoang. Re boetse re fumana liphapang tsa bohlokoa mehopolong ea basebelisi; basebelisi ba lemaletseng li-smartphone le SNS ba ba le boiphihlelo bo phahameng ba ho kenella (19.592 = 001, p <.13.902; le F = 001, p 2.421, p = .017), litlamorao tsa ho kenella hoa ts'ebeliso ea kelello li kholo ho SNS ho feta li-smartphone (Z = 1.766, p = .039), mme litlamorao tsa ho kenella ha kutloisiso litlamong tsa li-smartphone li buelloa ke ho lemalla SNS (Z = 6.865, P <.001).
6.1. Litlamorao
Boithuto bona bo etsa liphallelo tse ngata mohopolo, leano le litloaelo. Ha lithuto tse ngata li se li hlahlobile likarolo tsa bokhoba ba smartphone (bona, ka mohlala, Bian & Leung, 2015; Rosen et al. 2013; van Deursen et al. 2015) ke ba 'maloa ba arohaneng lipakeng tsa lisebelisoa le lits'ebetso bakeng sa ho utloisisa hamolemo tšebeliso ea li-smartphone. Ho sa le joalo, ha lipatlisiso tsa pejana li se li hlahlobile litšobotsi tsa botho le tšebeliso ea li-smartphone tse qobelloang (Lee et al. 2014; Wang et al. 2015), maikutlo a basebelisi a fetotsoe. Re lekantsoe ka ho amoheloa ka mokhoa o hlokisang kelello, re fumana hore basebelisi ba lemaletseng li-Smartphones ba ba le tebeletso e tebileng ea ho kenya letsoho le ho nka karolo - se ka hlalosoang e le 'kheleke ea kelello'. Ka hona, ho latela tsebo eohle ea rona, thuto ena ke eona ea pele morero oa lipatlisiso ho taka phapang lipakeng tsa lisebelisoa le lits'ebetso molemong oa tšebeliso ea mathata a li-smartphone, le maikutlo a mosebelisi.
Tse 'maloa litlamorao tsa leano e ka hoheloa. Qalong, re tlameha ho bonts'a tlhokomeliso ha re hlalosa ketsahalo e le 'tlatsetso', haholo ts'ebeliso ea li-smartphone, eo ehlileng e ka bang lebaka la litaba tse pharalletseng (mohlala. ho laola maikutlo mathata). Sena se itse, leha ho le joalo, tšebeliso ea li-smartphone tse ngata li ka lebisa ho tloheng sechabeng le ho senyeha likamano tsa batho. E tšoanang le lipuisano tse amanang le eona ho potoloha Inthaneteng e lemalla le molaoana oa eona (Barnes & Pressey, 2014), taolo ea ts'ebeliso ea li-smartphone e na le mathata ebile e le taba ea ngangisano ea morao-rao mecheng ea litaba, le ha e sa lefelloe ke thuto ea hona joale. Eng kapa eng eo ho ka thoe ke ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea theknoloji e kholo ka ho feteletseng - ho its'etleha, ts'ebeliso e matla le tloaelo, kapa tšebeliso - ke taba eo ho amehiloeng haholo ho eona. linaha tse tsoetseng pele, tšebeliso e fanoang haholo ke li-smartphone e batla e le taolo e felletseng. Ha lisebelisoa le sethala li ntse li eketseha, li na le matla a ho khothatsa tšebeliso ea mosebelisi le ho kenya letsoho, eo, e ka fella ka ts'ebeliso e feteletseng. Ho feta moo, lipatlisiso li bontšitse hore tšebeliso ea li-smartphone tse qobelloang e ka baka 'technostress' (Lee et al. 2014) - ho se khone ho sebetsana le tse ncha mahlale a likomporo (Brod, 1984), le basebelisi ba nang le maikutlo a ho tšoenyeha ka lebaka la puisano le boitsebiso bo fetoloa (Ragu-Nathan, Tarafdar, Ragu-Nathan, & Tu, 2008).
Liphetho tsa thuto ea hona joale le tsona li na le ho na le moelelo o sebetsang. Lifono li fetohile karolo ea bohlokoahali ea bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi ho batho ba bangata, athe theknoloji ena e fa bokhoni ba ho kenya letsoho ho eona liwebsaeteng tseo batho ba etsang metsoalle ho tsona, boithabiso, le lipakane tsa thuto, e ka boela ea fella ka ts'ebeliso e matla le ts'ebeliso e qobelloang, 'me qetellong khatello ea kelello bakeng sa basebelisi ba bang (James le Drennan, 2005; Lee et al. 2014). Indasteri e fana ka maikutlo a lisebelisoa tse ka tsamaisang maemo a holimolimo a tlhahlobo ea kelello e hlasimolohileng, litlaleho tsa litaba li belaela hore na li-smartphones li hlile li lokela ho fana ka litemoso tsa bophelo bo botle, le lipelaelo tsa tšebeliso e mpe ea li-smartphone hara bacha.Lipilisi, 2017; Siddique, 2015). Kopo e 'ngoe e sebetsang ea ho ts'ehetsa batho ba sebelisang bothata ba tšebeliso ea li-smartphone e ka ba thuto app e cellular e tlalehang ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ho mosebelisi oa eona, e lokelang ho thusa ka boitlhompho.
6.2. Meeli le lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang
Phuputso ena e na le meeli e 'maloa. Mabapi le bonnete ba kahare, lipatlisiso li thehiloe ho barupeluoa ' litlaleho tsa boithati, e ka bang kotsing ea ho se tšoane ha mekhoa e tloaelehileng. Sena se itse, litlaleho tsa hau e kanna ea ba mochini o nepahetseng ka ho fetesisa oa ho lekola litšoaneleho tsa batho ka bomong tsa kelello, kaha lithuto li behiloe hantle ho fana ka leseli litumelong tsa bona ho feta bashebelli ba kantle. Mathata a amanang le phapang ea mekhoa e tloaelehileng, leha ho le joalo, a ka feteletsoa (Spector, 2006). Taba ea bobeli, mabapi bonnete ba ka ntle, thuto e ipapisitse le likarolo tse fapaneng tlhahlobo, e tsamaisitsoeng ho sampole ea baithuti ba Amerika, e ka kenang ho sitisa likamano tsa palo ea batho thutong. Patlisiso ea nako e tlang e ka sebelisa ho nka nako meralo ea lipatlisiso le lipampiri tse pharaletseng molemong oa ho pheta liphetho tsa thuto ea joale. Bakeng sa ho etsa joalo, lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng li lokela ho shebana le lits'ebeletso tse ikhethang mme li batle sampole e fapaneng le ho feta moemeli ea baahi ba SNS. Taba ea boraro, ha likaroloana tse peli li hlahisitse litholoana tse senang kamano mabapi le kamano ea motho ea lemalloang le litlatsetso tse peli, re ka qala ho belaela hore na mokhoa o teng oa tlhaiso-leseling o teng ka mokhoa o teng bakeng sa lithuto tsa ho lemalla lits'ebeletso tsa marang-rang, le kamoo ho kenella ka teng liwebosaete li ka fapana ka ho qoelisoa ka mokhoa o mong o ka bang teng boits'oaro bo lematsang. Ntlafatso ea boemo ntlafatso ho sena moelelo oa fana mokhoa o mong o ka bang teng bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea kahare.
Ho na le pharalla e kholo ea lipatlisiso tsa kamoso mabapi le ho lemalla li-smartphone le lits'ebetso tsa tsona le karolo e lefifi ea mahlale ka kakaretso, haholoholo hara litho tsa sechaba tse tlokotsing ho kenyeletsoa bacha le ba tsoang lilemong tsa bocha. Potso e le 'ngoe e hlokang tlhokomelo e eketsehileng ke hore na ts'ebeliso e atolositsoeng ea li-smartphone e hlile e eketsa ho lemalla ha marang-rang. Ho feta moo, likarolo tse ling tsa ts'ebeliso e thata ea li-smartphone (mohlala, tse bitsoang li-zombies tsa li-smartphone), li ntse li lokela ho hlahlojoa ka botlalo. Re tlameha ho fetela pele ho tsoa lipatlisisong tsa temallo ea 'lefats'e' ho sesebelisoa ho ea ho lithuto tse sa hlakang tse khethollang pakeng tsa sesebelisoa le ts'ebeliso ea sona le litlhekefetso tsa basebelisi, hammoho le kutlwisiso ea maikutlo a basebelisi a ts'ebeliso ea mahlale. Kamora nako, ha ho fanoa ka bongata ba lisebelisoa tsa li-smartphone ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa se makatsang sa mahlale ka bobeli boemong ba ona ba ho lokolla le ho hlola.
Sehlomathiso. Lintho tsa Boithuto
Tlhokomeliso ea kelello
Boitšoaro ba nakoana
|
Ho Imeloa Kelellong
|
A natefeloa ke thabo
|
Control
|
bohelehele
|
Tlatsetso ho Sesebelisoa
- •
Ka linako tse ling ke hlokomoloha lintho tsa bohlokoa ka lebaka la thahasello ea ka ho 'na smartphone.
- •
My bophelo ba setjhaba ka linako tse ling e utloile bohloko ka lebaka la ka ha ke buisana le smartphone ea ka.
- •
Ho sebelisa smartphone ea ka ka linako tse ling ho ne ho sitisa mesebetsi e meng.
- •
Ha ke sa sebelise smartphone ea ka, hangata ke ikutloa ke ferekane.
- •
Ke entse liteko tse sa atleheng tsa ho fokotsa nako ea ho sebelisa smartphone ea ka.
- •
Ho re ke hlatse liwebsaeteng tseo batho ba etsang metsoalle ho tsona lisebelisoa.
- •
Ke rata ho khelosoa habonolo ke liwebsaete tseo batho ba etsang metsoalle ho tsona.
Tlatsetso ho App
- •
Ka linako tse ling ke hlokomoloha lintho tsa bohlokoa ka lebaka la thahasello ea ka ea ho etsa liwebsaete tseo batho ba etsang metsoalle ho tsona.
- •
Bophelo ba ka sechabeng bo 'nile ba e-ba le mathata ka lebaka la ka ho sebelisana le liwebsaete tseo batho ba etsang metsoalle ho tsona.
- •
Ho sebelisa liwebsaete tseo batho ba etsang metsoalle ho tsona ka linako tse ling li ne li sitisa mesebetsi e meng.
- •
Ha ke sa sebelise li-network tsa marang-rang, hangata ke ikutloa ke ferekane.
- •
Ke entse liteko tse sa atleheng tsa ho fokotsa nako eo ke kenang lipapatsong tsa marang-rang tsa marang-rang.
- •
Ke ikutloa ke lahliloe kantle le smartphone ea ka.
- •
Ke rata ho khelosoa habonolo ke smartphone.
References
- Agarwal le Karahanna, 2000
- R. Agarwal, E. KarahannaNako e fofa ha o ntse o ithabisa: Ho amohela mohopolo le litumelo mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea mahlale a tlhahisoleselingMIS Quarterly, 24 (4) (2000), maq. 665-694
- Ajzen, 1985
- I. AjzenHo tloha merero ho ea liketsong: Khopolo ea boitšoaro bo reriloengJ. Kuhl, J. Beckmann (Eds.), Ts'ebetso ea taolo: Ho tloha tlhokomelong ea boitšoaro, Springer-Verlag, New York (1985), maq. 11-39
- Ajzen, 1991
- I. AjzenKhopolo ea boitšoaro bo reriloengMekgwa ya Tshebetso ya Mokgatlo le Diketso tsa Batho, 50 (2) (1991), maq. 179-211
Mokhatlo oa Mahlale oa Amerika, 2013
De-Sola Gutiérrez et al., 2016
Lehenbauer-Baum le Fohringer, 2015
Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary, 1995
Morahan-Martin le Schumacher, 2000
Sanchez Martinez le Otero, 2009