Li-Neural Correlates tsa Khopolo ea Boitšoaro e Fosahetseng ho Batho ka bomong ba na le Mathata a ho bapala ka Inthanete: A Functional MRI Study (2018)

. 2018; 9: 330.

E hatisitsoe Inthaneteng 2018 Jul 25. doi:  10.3389 / fpsyt.2018.00330

PMCID: PMC6069451

PMID: 30090074

inahaneloang

Ka morao le sepheo: Phapang pakeng tsa tataiso e nepahetseng le tlhaiso-leseling e hlasimollang maikutlo a amanang le ho nyahama, 'me hangata batho ba nang le bothata ba lipapali tsa marang-rang (IGD) ba sebelisa lipapali e le sesebelisoa sa ho baleha maikutlo ao a fosahetseng. Morero oa thuto ena e ne e le ho lekola mokhoa oa ho itšehla thajana o ipapisitse le litšoantšo tsa boithati tsa 'nete le tse ntle le ho hlakisa melaetsa ea neural e ikhethileng bathong ba IGD.

Mekhoa: Banna ba leshome le metso e robong ba nang le IGD le 20 li-control (HCs) ba bile le ts'ebetso ea matla a matla a khoheli moo ba ileng ba etsa qeto ea hore na ba lumellana le maiketsetso a hlalosang boits'oaro ba bona ba nnete kapa bo loketseng ka lintlha tse 'ne tsa Likert Scale. Mehlala e 'meli t- Tlhahlobo mabapi le ho ikarola ho ile ha etsoa bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea neuroimaging mme tlhahlobo ea amanang e entsoe pakeng tsa data ea boits'oaro le liketso tsa tikoloho.

Results: Sehlopha sa IGD se ile sa lekola boits'oaro ba bona bo nepahetseng le ho itšepa ha bona hantle ho feta sehlopha sa HC. Menahano ea sebele e ne e amahanngoa le khotsofalo le litlhoko tsa kelello ho fapana le tataiso e ntle ea tataiso. Ts'ebetso ea Brain ka parietal lobule e tlase e ile ea fokotseha haholo ho batho ba nang le IGD ba amanang le li-HC ka lehlakoreng le fapaneng la ho iphekola. Ntle le moo, tšebetso ea neural nakong ea ho itlhahlobisisa mohopolo oa 'nete e bontšitse phapang ea bohlokoa ea sehlopha.

fihlela qeto ena: Liphetho tsena li fana ka bopaki ba lipale ba ho itšupa ha batho ba IGD. Batho ka bomong ba nang le IGD ba ne ba e-na le sebopeho se setle le setšoantšo sa sebele sa boithati. Neurobiologically, ho se sebetse hantle kahara parietal lobule e tlase e amanang le taolo ea maikutlo le boitlhahlobo bo seng botle e fumanoe ho IGD. Ha ho nahanoa ka litšobotsi tsa IGD tse atisang ho ba bohlankana, bothata bona ba ho ikhopola bo lokela ho hlokomeloa le ho sebelisoa ka kalafo e loketseng.

Keywords: marang-rang a papali ea papali ea chelete, ho ikhalala, boits'oaro ba 'nete, tataiso e ntle ea tataiso, parietal lobule e tlase

Selelekela

Bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete (IGD) bo tšoauoa ka ho senyeha hoa ts'ebetso bophelong ba motho kapa ba sechaba ho tloha tšebeliso e fetelletseng ea papali ea marang-rang. Ke bokuli bo hlahang ka lebaka la phatlalatso ea inthanete (). Boemo bona bo na le matšoao a bohlokoa a tšoanang le mathata a tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi le bokhoba ba boitšoaro (, ). Leha ho le joalo, phapano lipakeng tsa lingoli tse ling tse lemalloang le lipapali tsa inthanete ke hore lipapali li bonolo ho li fihlella leha li le lilemong tse nyane (). Kahoo, ha ho makatse hore ebe IGD e hlaha haholo ho bacha (). O mong oa mesebetsi ea ntlafatso e lokelang ho etsoa lilemong tsa bocha ke ho theha boitsebahatso (). Hobane lipapali li fokotsa lithahasello tse ling bophelong ba letsatsi le leng le le leng, bacha ba amehileng ka lipapali ba ka fokotsoa ho fihlela sebopeho sa boitsebahatso le mesebetsi e meng ea ntšetso-pele ().

Khopolo ea ho itšila (SDT) e hlalosa hore litšoantšo tse litšila tse ts'oanang li ka baka tsitsipano e fapaneng ea maikutlo (). Khopolo ena e nka libaka tse tharo tsa boinotšing: motho oa 'nete, ea phethahetseng, le eo e leng oa hau. Khopolo-taba ea 'nete ke temoho ea litšoaneleho tsa motho, tataiso ea hae e loketseng ke setšoantšo sa litšoaneleho tseo motho a batlang ho ba le tsona,' me tataiso ea hae ke setšoantšo sa thepa eo motho e mong a lumelang hore motho o lokela ho ba le eona. Maikutlo a mabe a hlaha ha ho na le phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa libaka. Haholo-holo, ho se tšoane ho hoholo lipakeng tsa mohopolo oa 'nete le boitataiso bo nepahetseng ho amana le ho nyahama joalo ka boitšepo bo tlase kapa pherekano (-). Hobane lipapali tsa inthanete li ka sebelisoa e le mokhoa oa ho baleha maikutlo ana a fosahetseng, ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa kamano lipakeng tsa IGD le ho ikhetholla (-).

SDT e sebelisitsoe ho hlalosa mafu a kelello a mangata ho kenyeletsa le mathata a ho lemalla. Boithuto bo bontša hore ba hlekefetsang lithethefatsi ba bonts'a boemo bo phahameng ba ho ikhalemela () le hore khatello ea mantlha e amanang le ho itšila e bolela esale pele tšebeliso ea joala (). Har'a mathata a ho lemalla, ho itšehla thajana kapa ho ikhala ho IGD ho ka ba bohlokoa le ho feta ha matšoao a amanang le IGD a hlaha a sa le monyane. Basebelisi ba lipapali ba ka ferekana mabapi le boitsebahatso ba bona kaha ba lula ba pepesoa li-avatars tse tšoanang le mohopolo oa bona o motle (-). Leha ho na le matšoenyeho mabapi le pherekano ea boitsebahatso, ha ho tsejoe hore na ka mefuta efe e ikhethileng ea litšoantšo tse amanang le litšoantšo tse ikhethileng.

Ho senyeha ha boitaolo ke e 'ngoe ea li-psychopathologies tse kholo tsa bokhoba ba tahi (). Bokhoni ba ho itaola bo amana le hore na litlhoko tsa mantlha tsa kelello li khotsofatsoa hantle hakae (, ). Litlhoko tsena tsa mantlha tsa kelello, tse nang le boipuso, boiphihlelo, le kamano, ke lintho tsa bohlokoa tse amang kholo le ho hokahana (-). Haeba tsena li sa khotsofalle ho tloha bonyenyaneng, batho ka bomong ba ka thatafalloa ho ba le setšoantšo se tsitsitseng. Hoa tsebahala hore batho ba sa khotsofatsoeng ke litlhoko tsa mantlha tsa kelello ba sebelisa li-network tsa media (), hammoho le lipapali tsa inthanete (). Leha ho na le kamano pakeng tsa litlhoko tsa mantlha tsa kelello le setšoantšo sa hae, kamano pakeng tsa tsena tse peli ha e so hlakisoe.

Khopolo ea ho ikarola e ithutoa ka mokhoa o shebelletseng ka ho itlaleha ho ts'ehetsa mohopolo, 'me ha ho tsejoe hanyane ka li-neural correlates tsa ho itoantša. Phuputso e le 'ngoe e fana ka maikutlo a hore ho se lumellane ho ne ho amahanngoa le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea moputso ho kenyeletsoa le striatum, e ka amanang le takatso ea boithati bo loketseng (). Mabapi le ts'ebetso ea ho itšireletsa, e leng motheo oa ho ikhetholla, ho ameha moriana oa pele oa kalafo ea moriana (MPFC) (, ). Hape, tlhahlobo ea meta e bontšitse hore batho ka bomong ba nang le IGD ba na le bothata ba ho ikoetlisa pele ho nako bo amanang le bothata ba bona ba ho itaola (). Ka lebaka la bohlokoa ba ho its'oara lilemong tsa bocha, ho etsa lipatlisiso ka botebo ba maikutlo a ho itšireletsa ho IGD ho ne ho tla bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho utloisisa psychopathology le ho theha maano a kalafo a lefu lena.

Morero oa thuto ena e ne e le ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa amanang le neural tse ka tlasa boithati ba batho ba nang le IGD mabapi le khotsofalo ea bona ka litlhoko tsa mantlha tsa kelello. Re ithutile mosebetsi oa ho itlhokomela bakeng sa fMRI ho lekola maikutlo a ho itšila ho thehiloe ho litšoantšo tsa nnete le tse ntle tsa boithati. Ha re nahana ka lipatlisiso tsa nakong e fetileng hore lipapali li sebelisetsoa ho qoba maikutlo a fosahetseng a bakoang ke ho itšoaea liphoso, re ile ra nahana hore batho ba nang le IGD ba ne ba tla itšepa. Hape, batho ba nang le IGD bao khafetsa ba neng ba pepesetsoa li-avatars tsa papali tse neng li le haufi le litoro tsa bona tse ntle, ba ne ba ka senyeha menahanong ea bona ea boits'oaro le tataiso e ntle ea tataiso. Neurobiologically, re ile ra nahana hore batho ba nang le IGD ba tla bonts'a ho se sebetse ka har'a striatum le MPFC, tse amanang le ho ikhetholla.

mekhoa

barupeluoa ba

Ka kakaretso, batho ba 19 ba nang le IGD (ho bolela lilemo ± ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng: 23.3 ± 2.4) le 20 e tsamaeang le maemo a lilemo tsa taolo e phetseng hantle (HCs) (e bolela lilemo tsa ± ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng: 23.4 ± 1.2) ba nkile karolo phuputsong ena. Nahana ka lefu la seoa la IGD (-), bankakarolo ba banna ho lipapali tsa bona tsa 20 s tse bapalang marang-rang ho feta beke ea 30 ha ba hapuoe ka papatso ea marang-rang. Ka nako eo, barupeluoa ba kopaneng le DSM-5 ea mekhoa e khothalletsoang ea IGD () tlhahlobisong ea mafu a kelello li ile tsa ngolisoa. Barupeluoa ba nang le IGD ba neng ba e-na le nalane ea khatello ea maikutlo kapa khatello ea maikutlo a ho fokola ka hloko e kentsoe tlhokomelong ea maemo a fapaneng a comorbid (). Ha ho nahanoa hore likarolo tsa IGD ha li e-so ithutoe ka botlalo, leha ho le joalo, barupeluoa ba neng ba tšoeroe ke lefu la kelello le ntseng le tsoela pele ntle le IGD kapa ba nang le bothata bo bong ba tlatsetso ba ne ba qheletsoe ka thoko. Barupeluoa bohle ba ne ba tsamaea ka letsoho le letona () hape o ne a se na bokuli le kalafo ea methapo. Boithuto bona bo amohetsoe ke Institutional Review Board of Yonsei University Gangnam Severance Hospital mme e entsoe ho latela Phatlalatso ea Helsinki. Ho ile ha fumanoa tumello e ngotsoeng ho tsoa ho bohle ba neng ba nkile karolo pele thuto e qala.

Tekanyo ea tekolo

Ho lekola boteng le botebo ba ho itšetleha ha marang-rang, ho ile ha sebelisoa tlhahlobo ea litheko tsa inthanete (). IAT ke sekala sa ntho ea 20 se nang le lintlha tsa 5-point, ho tloha 1 (ka seoelo haholo) ho 5 (khafetsa haholo). Lipalo tse phahameng ho feta 50 li bonts'a ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete. Barupeluoa ba ile ba laeloa ho lekola tšebeliso ea bona ea inthanete, haholo-holo motheong oa tšebeliso ea papali ea inthanete. Boemo ba khotsofalo ea litlhoko tsa kelello bo ile ba hlahlojoa ke Basic Psychological Needs Scale (BPNS) (, ). Sena se ne se kenyelletsa lintho tsa 21 tse nang le sekhahla sa 7-point Likert (1: ho hang ha se nnete ho 7: ke 'nete haholo). Likolo tse phahameng li ne li bolela boemo bo phahameng ba tlhoko ea maikutlo.

Mosebetsi oa boitšoaro

Barupeluoa ba ile ba etsa mosebetsi oa boithati nakong ea ho lekola fMRI. Mosebetsi o ile oa botsa maikutlo a barupeluoa ka se nepahetseng le se nepahetseng. Polelo e hlalosang seo ke leng sona (mohlala, ke motho ea inyenyefatsang) le motho ea ipabolang (mohlala, ke batla ho ba motho ea inyenyefatsang) e hlahisitsoe skrineng mme bankakarolo ba arabela kamoo polelo e itlhalositseng hantle ka teng ka ho toboketsa konopo e le 'ngoe (1 : hanana haholo le 4: lumela ka matla). Kakaretso ea litlatsetso tse 48 (24 tse ntle le tse 24 tse fosahetseng) li sebelisitsoe lipolelong tsena. Mosebetsi o ne o e-na le li-block tse 8 bakeng sa boemo bo bong le bo bong (motho oa 'nete le ea ikemetseng). Sebaka se nkileng 32 s mme nako ea phomolo ea 16 e behiloe lipakeng tsa li-block. Sebakeng ka seng, lipolelo tse 6 tse fapaneng (lipolelo tse 3 tse nang le sephetho se nepahetseng le lipolelo tse 3 tse nang le sephetho se fosahetseng) li ile tsa hlahisoa bakeng sa li-3 ka 'ngoe ka sekhahla sa li-inter-stimulus se pakeng tsa 0.5 le 3.5 s. Ho latellana ha li-block le liteko tsa liteko ho ne ho entsoe ka maiketsetso.

Ho hapa litšoantšo

Lintlha tsa MRI li fumanoe ho scan ninemanga ea 3 Tesla (Magnetom Verio, Nokia Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Jeremane). Litšoantšo tse sebetsang li ile tsa bokelloa li sebelisoa ka tatellano ea gradient echo planar imaging (echo nako = 30 ms, nako ea ho pheta = 2,000 ms, Flip angle = 90 °, silice thick = 3 mm, palo ea slices = 30, le boholo ba matrix 64 × 64). Likarolo tse tharo li ile tsa lahloa pele ho nkuoa hoa litšoantšo ho qala. Litšoantšo tsa sebopeho li ile tsa bokelloa hape ka tatellano ea 3D e senyehileng (grho nako = 2.46 ms, nako ea ho pheta-pheta = 1,900 ms, flip angle = 9 °, leqhetsoana la sephiri = 1 mm, palo ea lisakha = 176, le boholo ba matrix = 256 × 256).

Tlhahlobo ea tlhaiso-leseling ea boitšoaro

"Chelete ea positivity" e ile ea baloa joalo ka karolelano ea likarabo tsa 48 ka boemo bo bonts'a boemo bo nepahetseng ba 'nete le boits'oaro bo loketseng. Likolo tse phahameng li bontšitse hore barupeluoa ba ne ba e-na le boiponahatso bo nepahetseng. Hape, "lintlha tsa ho itšoaea liphoso" li entsoe ka ho theola lintlha tsa bokhabane tsa motho ea itlhommeng pele ho seo a leng sona. Ts'ebetso ea phapang (ANOVA) e ile ea etsoa ho lekola sephetho sa mantlha le tšebelisano ea sehlopha (HC vs. IGD) le boemo (boits'oaro bo ikhethileng) ho litekanyetso tsa positivity. Ntle le moo, ikemetse t-teko e ne e sebelisetsoa papiso ea sehlopha ea lipalo tse amanang le boithati (lintlha tsa positivity le likhaohano tsa boiphihlelo), mme tlhahlobo ea Pearson ea khokahano e entsoe lipakeng tsa lintlha tsena le lintlha tsa BPNS sehlopheng ka seng. SPSS (ver. 23; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) e sebelisitsoe mme a p-value <0.05 e ne e nkuoa e le bohlokoa.

Tlhahlobo ea data

Ho ntšetsa pele le ho sekaseka data ea fMRI ho entsoe ka Statistical Parametric Mapping, mofuta 12 (Lefapha la Wellcome of Cognitive Neurology, University College London). Litšoantšo tsa fMRI li ile tsa khalemeloa liphapang tsa nako ea ho reka. Ebe, lits'oants'o tsa hlooho li ile tsa lokisoa ho latela qeto ea setšoantšo sa pele. Litšoantšo tsa ts'ebetso li ne li ngolisitsoe ka mokhoa o hlakileng litšoantšong tsa sebopeho. Litšoantšo tsa sebopeho li ne li etselitsoe maemo a tloaelehileng maemong, 'me lipalo tsa phetoho li ile tsa sebelisoa litšoantšong tse sebetsang. Litšoantšo tsena li ile tsa ntlafatsoa ka kernel ea Gaussian ea 6 mm ka botlalo ka halofo e phahameng.

Bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea motho ka mong, maemo a sebele a ikhethileng le a loketseng a ts'ebetso ea karabo ea "canodyical hemodynamic" a sebelisoa e le li-regressors tsa phaello mme likarolo tsa motsamao oa 6 li kenyellelitsoe e le li-regressors tsa batho ba se nang thahasello mofuteng oa kakaretso. Litšoantšo tse tharo tse fapaneng tsa mantlha li entsoe: boits'oaro, boits'oaro bo nepahetseng, le ho itšola (ho itlhomme hantle-boeona). Mohlala o le mong t-Teko ea ho bapisa lipakeng tsa boits'oaro bo nepahetseng le bo loketseng e entsoe sehlopheng ka seng. Ho ile ha sebelisoa tlhahlobo e felletseng ea 'nete bakeng sa phapang ea ho sebelisana lipakeng tsa sehlopha le boemo, le mehlala e meng e' meli t-Test e entsoe ka litšoantšo tse fapaneng tsa boithati. Liphetho li nkuoe e le tsa bohlokoa monyako oa khalemelo p <0.05, e neng e tsamaelana le phoso ea bohlale ba lelapa e lokisitseng bohlokoa boemong ba sehlaku se nang le monyako o hlakileng oa sehlopha p <0.005. Bakeng sa post-hoc tshekatsheko, lihlotšoana kaofela li supiloe mehlala e 'meli t-Test li ne li hlalosoa e le libaka tsa thahasello (ROI) mme ts'ebetso ea bona ea lebatooa e ntšitsoe ka mofuta oa MarsBaR 0.44. Ho sebelisa SPSS, tlhahlobo ea Pearson ea khokahanyo e ile ea etsoa lipakeng tsa mesebetsi ea methapo-kutlo ka phapano e ngoe le e ngoe ea boits'oaro (lintlha tsa BPNS le phapang ea boitaolo). Hape, mesebetsi ea lebatooa bakeng sa maemo a nnete a boithati e bapisoa le ho ikemela tLiteko. Liphetho li nkuoe e le tsa bohlokoa ho p <0.05.

Results

Litšobotsi tsa Kliniki le karabelo ea boitšoaro mosebetsing oa boitlhahlobo

Litšoaneleho tsa palo ea batho le tsa bongaka li hlahisoa ho Lethathamo Lethathamo1.1. Scores of IAT (IGD: 73.0 ± 9.7, HC: 24.9 ± 6.1, t = 18.4, p <0.01) le BPNS (IGD: 78.4 ± 13.1, HC: 89.4 ± 12.3, t = -2.7, p = 0.01) li ne li fapane haholo lipakeng tsa batho ba nang le IGD le HCs.

Lethathamo 1

Litšobotsi tsa palo ea batho le tsa bongaka tsa batho ba nang le bothata ba lipapali tsa marang-rang (IGD) le taolo e phetseng hantle (HC).

 IGD (n = 19)HC (n = 20)tp
Lilemo (lilemo)23.3 (2.4)23.4 (1.2)-0.20.6
Lilemo tsa thuto15.0 (2.5)15.4 (1.5).-0.60.5
Bohlale quotient113.3 (15.6)108.7 (8.5)1.10.3
Teko ea bokhoba ba marang-rang73.0 (9.7)24.9 (6.1)18.4
Litlhoko tsa mantlha tsa kelello78.4 (13.1)89.4 (12.3)-2.70.01
 

Lintlha li fanoa joalo ka mokhoa o bolelang (ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng).

Figure Figure11 e bonts'a sephetho sa mosebetsi oa ho ikhopolo. Litlamorao tse kholo tsa sehlopha (F = 16.7, p <0.001) le boemo (F = 69.4, p <0.001) li ile tsa bonoa, empa ha ho na tšusumetso e kholo ea tšebelisano-'moho le sehlopha e fumanoeng. Lintlha tse ntle tsa boits'oaro (t = −4.6 p <0.01) le motho oa 'nete (t = -2.2, p = 0.03) li ne li le tlase haholo sehlopheng sa IGD ho feta sehlopheng sa HC. Leha ho le joalo, ho ne ho se na phapano ea sehlopha mananeng a ikhethileng (t = -0.18, p = 0.9). Hape, lintlha tse tlisoang ke botle ba boitšoaro bo botle li ne li phahame ho feta tsa batho ba sebele ka lihlopha tsena ka bobeli (IGD: t = 7.9, p <0.01; HC: t = 6.4, p <0.01).

Faele e kantle e nang le setšoantšo, papiso, joalo-joalo Lebitso la ntho ke fpsyt-09-00330-g0001.jpg

Likarabo tsa boitšoaro mabapi le mosebetsi oa boitoro. Batho ba bangata ba nang le bothata ba papali ea boleng bo phahameng ba ne ba le tlaase haholo ho batho ba nang le bothata ba lipapali tsa marang-rang ho feta ho li-control tsa HC tse phetseng hantle. Boemo ba ho itšola (bongata ba bokhoni ba ho itšepa) bo ne bo sa fapana haholo pakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli. *p <0.05, **p <0.01.

Lintlha tsa IAT li ne li amahanngoa hampe le lintlha tsa BPNS ho batho ba nang le IGD (r = -0.52, p = 0.02). Likarolo tse iphetetsang li ne li hokahane hampe le lintlha tsa BPNS (IGD: r = -0.8, p <0.01; HC: r = -0.5, p = 0.01), 'me lintlha tsena tsa BPNS li ne li boetse li kopantsoe le lintlha tsa bokantle ba boithati ka lihlopha tsena ka bobeli (IGD: r = 0.7, p <0.01; HC: r = 0.6, p <0.01). Ho ne ho se likamano tsa bohlokoa lipalo-palo lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa BPNS le lintlha tse ntle tsa boits'oaro bo botle (IGD: r = -0.1, p = 0.5; HC: r = 0.4, p = 0.1).

Karabelo ea Neural mosebetsing oa ho inahana

Figure Figure22 e hlahisa likarolo tsa boko tse amanang le boitlhahlobo sehlopheng ka seng. Ts'ebetso e phahameng haholo maemong a boithatelo a bapisoang le boemo bo nepahetseng ba boiketlo e bonoe ho MPFC (li-MNI lihokela: 6, 54, 14, nomoro ea voxel 1,000, z = 4.5, pFWE <0.01) ho li-HC le ho MPFC e nepahetseng (MNI e hokahanya: 4, 12, 60, nomoro ea voxel 492, z = 4.0, pFWE <0.01) ho batho ba nang le IGD. Boemong bo botle ba boithati ha bo bapisoa le boemo ba 'nete, li-HC li bonts'itse ts'ebetso e phahameng haholo ho calcarine cortex (MNI e hokahanya: -10, -86, 2, voxel nomoro ea 457, z = 3.9, pFWE = 0.01), athe batho ba nang le IGD ha baa ka ba hlahisa litholoana tsa bohlokoa.

 

Faele e kantle e nang le setšoantšo, papiso, joalo-joalo Lebitso la ntho ke fpsyt-09-00330-g0002.jpg

Libaka tsa methapo e bonts'a phapang ea bohlokoa ha ho bapisoa boits'oaro bo itlhommeng pele sehlopheng ka seng. Ho eketsa tšebetso ha u bapisoa le tsela eo u neng u le ka eona ka boeona ho ile ha fumanoa koranteng e ka pele ea methapo ea mantlha ka har'a taolo e phetseng hantle le tsela e nepahetseng ea ho etsa lintho pele ho batho ba nang le bothata ba papali ea marang-rang, athe ts'ebetso e ne e eketseha ka boinotšing ha e bapisoa le ea 'nete. ka letsohong le letšehali la "cal" "cortex maemong a phetseng hantle.

Tlhahlobo e felletseng ea lintlha e bonts'itse hore phello e kholo ea sehlopha e bonoe ho MPFC e nepahetseng (li-MNI li hokela: 4, 14, 58, nomoro ea voxel 386, z = 4.5, pFWE <0.01) le caudate e nepahetseng (MNI e hokahanya: 10, 8, 16 nomoro ea voxel 301, z = 3.4, pFWE = 0.03), athe ho ne ho se na phello ea bohlokoa ea maemo le tšebelisano-ka-boemo ba tšebeliso ea sehlopha. Ho sebelisa mehlala e 'meli t-test mabapi le karohano e ikhethileng, parietal lobule e nepahetseng (IPL) e bonts'itse ts'ebetso e tlase haholo ho batho ba nang le IGD ho feta ho li-HCs (MNI e hokahanya 40, −50, 44, nomoro ea voxel 459, z = 4.1, pFWE = 0.01) (Setšoantšo (Figure3A) .3A). Ts'ebetso ea IPL ka lehlakoreng le fapaneng la ho ikhetholla e ne e tsamaellana hantle le lintlha tse ikhethollang (r = 0.6, p <0.01) ho li-HC, empa eseng ho batho ba nang le IGD (Setšoantšo (Figure3B) .3B). Ha ho khokahano e kholo pakeng tsa ts'ebetso ena ea tikoloho le lintlha tsa BPNS ka lihlopha tsena ka bobeli (IGD: r = -0.2, p = 0.3; HC: r = -0.1, p = 0.7). Ho sa le joalo, ts'ebetso ea IPL ka lehlakoreng le leng la phapang e ne e phahame haholo ho batho ba nang le IGD ho feta ho li-HCs (t = 2.7, p <0.01), athe ha ho phapang e kholo ea sehlopha e fumanoeng ka mokhoa o loketseng oa ho ipapisa (Setšoantšo (Figure3C3C).

 

Faele e kantle e nang le setšoantšo, papiso, joalo-joalo Lebitso la ntho ke fpsyt-09-00330-g0003.jpg

Likarabo tsa Neural nakong ea mosebetsi oa boitlhahlobo. Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe (A), batho ba nang le bothata ba lipapali tsa marang-rang (IGD) ba bontšitse ts'ebetso e tlase haholo ea parietal lobule (IPL) phapang e ikhethileng ho fapana le taolo e phetseng hantle (HC). Kamano pakeng tsa ts'ebetso ea IPL karohanong e ikhethileng le ditaelo tsa boits'oaro li bonts'oa (B). Ts'ebetso ea IPL maemong a itlhommeng pele le maemong a boithati sehlopheng ka seng e bonts'oa ka phanele (C). **p <0.01.

Puisano

Morero oa thuto ena e ne e le ho hlakisa likarolo tsa neural tsa maikutlo a fosahetseng a itlhommeng pele ka ho itšupa ho batho ba nang le IGD. Bathong ba nang le IGD, ho ile ha netefatsoa hore ba ne ba le leeme ka tsela e fosahetseng mabapi le boits'oaro ba bona ba ho itataisa le ho itataisa ka tsela e nepahetseng ho fapana le li-HC. Ke tšubuhlellano e tloaelehileng ea hore batho ba kenella liketsong tse fapaneng ho fokotsa ho itšoaea liphoso, 'me ka mokhoa o ts'oanang batho ba nang le IGD ba sebelisa lipapali e le mokhoa oa ho baleha maikutlo a fosahetseng a bakoang ke ho itšila (-). Boitšoaro bo fapaneng mohlaleng oa rona oa mamello bo ne bo tšoana le ba li-HC, leha ho ikhetholla ho ne ho le ho feta ho batho ba nang le IGD vs. HC lithutong tse ling tse 'maloa (, ). Ho na le menyetla e 'meli ea karohano ena. Taba ea pele, lithuto tsa pejana li ne li kenyelletsa barupeluoa ba banyenyane ho feta thuto ea rona. Ho bohlokoa ho nahana ka monyetla oa hore ho itšehla thajana ho na le monyetla o fokolang ho bacha ba tsofetseng ba kileng ba ba le boithuto bo bong ho feta ba neng ba e-na le lekhoba la marang-rang ho tloha lilemong tsa bocha. Taba ea bobeli, mokhoa oa ho lekola ho ikhala o sebelisitsoeng thutong ea rona e kanna ea se ka ea thella ho lekana phapang. Haeba barupeluoa ba ile ba botsoa ho hlahloba phapang lipakeng tsa maikutlo a sebele le a nepahetseng ba ikhethile (), kapa haeba sekhahla sa Likert se ne se atolositsoe joaloka lithutong tse fetileng (), phapang ea sehlopha sa ho ikhala e kanna ea ba e ikhethile. Maemong ana ka bobeli, ha ho bolele hore ho ne ho se na bothata ba ho ithetsa ho IGD. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore maikutlo le litataiso tsa 'ona tsa' nete le tataiso e ntle li ne li le khethollo hampe ho batho ba nang le IGD.

Neurobiologically, phapang e nang le moelelo e fumanoe pakeng tsa batho ba nang le IGD le HCs. Mohlala, "cortex" ea "calcarine" e ne e ntlafalitsoe haholo ha li-HC li lekola mohopolo oa 'nete ha o bapisoa le mohopolo oa sebele. Calortine cortex e kenelletse ts'ebetsong ea litšoantšo tsa kelello le ha u shebile ho hong ho itseng (). Ts'ebetsong e kenyelletsang ea ts'ebetso, sebaka sena se sebetsa joaloka borokho bo thusang ho fihlella ka ho hlaka ha ho butsoa. Ho nahanisisa mohopolo o loketseng e tla ba ts'ebetso e hlakileng ho feta ho nahana ka mohopolo oa sebele mme sephetho se ka utloisisoa ka kutloisiso eo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, MPFC e ne e hlahisoa haholo lihlopheng ka bobeli ha barupeluoa ba ne ba itlhahloba ho feta ha ba ne ba lekola tataiso ea bona. Fuoa karolo ea MPFC ts'ebetsong ea boits'oara (, ), ho ka kenyelletsoa hore mosebetsi oa rona o ne o loketse ho lekola setšoantšo sa hae. Ntle le moo, ho bile le phapang ea sehlopha sa MPFC le ho hlonama ho sa tsotelehe maemo a mabeli a boithati. Libaka tsena li tsejoa li theha mokhoa oa moputso mme li fetoloa ka mokhoa o sebetsang ho batho ba nang le IGD (). Ts'usumetso ea Aberrant ho MPFC e utloisisitsoe ho tloha molemong oa ho itaola, taolo ea ts'ebetso, le ts'ebetso ea moputso e leng bothata ho IGD (). Hyperactivation ka hara caudate e amana le karabelo e tloahelehileng ea ho arabela ho IGD ().

Khetho ea mantlha ea boithuto ba rona ke hore batho ba nang le IGD ba bonts'itse ts'ebetso ea IPL e sa sebetseng mabapi le ho ikhetholla. Leha phello ea tšebelisano-ka-boemo le sehlopha e sa ka ea fumanoa, batho ba nang le IGD ba bontsitse tšebetso e fokotsehang ho IPL ka lehlakoreng le leng la ho ikhetholla. Ha ts'ebetso ea IPL e ntse e eketseha ho li-HCs, boemo ba ho ikarola le bona bo ile ba eketseha. Ho nka karolo ea sebaka sena e le molaoli oa maikutlo a mabe (), ho sithabela ha maikutlo ho ka amana le ts'ebetso ea IPL ho li-HC. Bakeng sa batho ba nang le IGD, mofuta ona oa ts'ireletso o kanna oa se sebetse. Monyetla o mong oa phapang ea neural mabapi le ho ikhetholla e ka ba ka lebaka la ts'ebetso e eketsehang ha ho hlahlojoa mohopolo ho batho ba nang le IGD. IPL e amahantsoe le valence e mpe kapa moferefere (, ). Ntle le moo, ts'ebetso ea IPL e fokotsehile haholo, ha o sebetsana le mantsoe a seng monate a amanang le ona (). Thutong ea rona, leha ho le joalo, karabelo ena e tloaelehileng ea ho fokotsa ts'ebetso ea IPL ha e sebetsana le mantsoe a fosahetseng ha ea ka ea hlaha ho batho ba nang le IGD. Moelelong ona, mathata a boits'oaro ba 'nete ho e-na le tataiso e ntle ea tataiso a lokela ho nkoa a le bohlokoa haholo ho batho ba nang le IGD.

Phuputso e fetileng e telele e bontšitse kamano ea ho iphetetsa; batho ba neng ba e-na le lintlha tse tlase tsa BPNS ba ne ba le menyetla ea ho ba batho ba nang le IGD, 'me lintlha tsa BPNS li ile tsa theohela tlase ho batho ba nang le IGD (). Re boetse re netefalitse hore batho ba nang le IGD ha ba khotsofalle hanyane ka litlhoko tsa bona tsa kelello, mme boemo ba ho se khotsofale bo ne bo amana le ho teba ha bokhoba ba papali ea papali. Ntle le moo, re fumane hore barupeluoa ba nang le lintlha tse tlase tsa BPNS ba ne ba e-na le mathata ka boits'oaro ba bona. Barupeluoa ba nang le lintlha tse tlase tsa BPNS ba kentse maemo a bona a phahametseng 'me ba lekantse mohopolo oa bona le ho feta. Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ho se khotsofatsoe ke litlhoko tsa kelello ho ne ho amana haholo le maikutlo a fosahetseng ho fapana le ho itataisa. Hobane lipapali tsa lipapali li lebisa mohopolo o khopameng oa batho, batho ba nang le IGD ba lokela ho qoba pono e ntle ea hore lipapali li tla ba nolofalletsa ho fihlella boiphihlelo, boipuso le likamano tse sa fihlelleng bophelong ba nnete.

Ho fapana le mesebetsi ea pejana e neng e etselitsoe ho lekola sebaka se pakeng tsa boits'oaro bo nepahetseng le botho bo nepahetseng, mosebetsi ona o ne o etselitsoe ho itlhahloba hore na o ne a le mong le hore na o ne a le joang. Ka lebaka la phapang ea moralo oa ho ithuta, ha ho ts'ebetso e ka bonoang lithutong mabapi le boiphetetso. Ntle le moo, patlisiso e fetileng e khothalelitse hore ho itšepa ho khothaletsa takatso ea sephetho se setle le ho kenya tšebetsong tsamaiso ea moputso (). Leha ho le joalo, batho ka bomong ba nang le IGD ba ne ba e-na le maikutlo a fosahetseng a boits'oaro ba bona le ho se sebetse hantle ts'ebetsong mohopolo oa 'nete. Ka hona, libaka tse amanang le boithati tse amanang le rona li ka bonoa ho fapana le mokhoa oa moputso.

Ho lokela ho nahanoa meeli e 'maloa thutong ena. Bothata bo boholo e ne e le hore thuto ena e bile le khethollo bakeng sa mabaka a latelang. Taba ea mantlha, ho khetholla li-amanang tsa neural tse amanang le IGD ka ho khetheha, re ne re sa kenyeletse bakuli ba neng ba ena le li-comorbidities tse ling. Taba ea bobeli, ke barupeluoa ba banna feela ba neng ba kenyellelitsoe phuputsong ena, 'me ka hona, ho lekantsoe feela ho akaretsa sephetho ho batho ba nang le IGD lilemong tsa bocha kapa boroetsana. Taba ea boraro, ho thata ho khetholla hore na boithati bo sothehileng e ne e le sesosa sa papali e feteletseng kapa litlamorao tsa ho bapala lipapali tse ngata haholo, ka lebaka la sebopeho sa tlhahlobo-leseling. Taba ea bone, ho lokela ho hlokomeloe hore mosebetsi oa fMRI ha oa ka oa itlhahloba empa o ile oa o lekola ka ho sheba phapang lipakeng tsa boits'oaro bo itlhommeng pele.

Leha ho na le moo ho haelloang teng, thuto ea rona e na le moelelo oa hore liphetho li supa ho se sebetse bokong bo amanang le IGD. Batho ka bomong ba nang le IGD ba ka ba le mathata a taolo ea maikutlo kapa ho itlhahloba ka mokhoa o ka tlisoang ke ho se sebetse ho IPL. Ka boitsoaro, batho ba nang le IGD ba ne ba na le maikutlo a mabe ka boits'oaro le tlhaiso e ntle ea boits'oaro, leha boitšepo ba bona bo ne bo se kholo hakana. Tataiso e ntle ea boits'oaro e nepahetseng ho IGD e ka ba nyahamisa hore ba se ke ba ba le lipheo kapa tse ba susumetsang hore ba atlehe nakong e tlang. Ho lokela ho lebisoa tlhokomelo e khethehileng ho khopamisa mohopolo oa 'nete o seng o sa fumanoe feela ka boits'oaro empa hape le ka kutloisiso ea kutlo, ha o utloisisa pherekano kapa o beha maano a kalafo. Ho nahanisisa ka likarolo tsa tikoloho ea libapali tsa inthanete moo basebelisi ba ka bang le likarolo le boits'oaro bo bocha (), batho ba nang le IGD ba lokela ho ela hloko ho ba le setšoantšo se litšila.

Menehelo ea Mongoli

Bangoli bohle ba thathamisitsoeng ba entse tlatsetso e kholo, e tobileng le e nang le kelello mosebetsing, 'me ba e amohetse bakeng sa ho hatisoa.

Khohlano ea polelo ea thahasello

Bangoli ba phatlalatsa hore lipatlisiso li entsoe kamora ho se be le kamano efe kapa efe ea khoebo kapa ea lichelete e ka nkuoang e le khohlano e ka bang teng lipapatsong. SK ea tlhahlobisiso le Editing e tsamaisang e phatlalalitse kamano ea bona e kopaneng nakong ea tekolo.

lumela hore baa fokola

Bangoli ba rata ho leboha Dr. Kang Joon Yoon le litsebi tsa mahlale a radiologic Sang Il Kim le Ji-Sung Seong ba tsoang Sepetleleng sa St. Peter bakeng sa tšehetso ea bona ea bohlokoa ea tekheniki.

Mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe

Lithuso. Phuputso ena e ne e tšehelitsoe ke Lenaneo la Patlisiso ea Boko ka National Research Foundation ea Korea (NRF) e tšehelitsoeng ke Lefapha la Saense, ICT le Moralo oa Bokamoso (NRF-2015M3C7A1065053).

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