Li-corrosion tsa Neurobiological Inthaneteng ea ho bapala lipapali: Ho hlahlojoa ha Litokomane tsa Ts'ebetso (2018)

. 2018; 9: 166.

E hatisitsoe Inthaneteng 2018 May 8. doi:  10.3389 / fpsyt.2018.00166

PMCID: PMC5952034

PMID: 29867599

inahaneloang

Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) ke mathata a kelello a ka bang teng hona joale a kenyellelitsoeng karolong ea boraro ea khatiso ea morao-rao (ea bohlano) ea Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Dis shida (DSM-5) e le boemo bo hlokang hore lipatlisiso tse ling li kenyelletsoe ho bukana ea sehlooho. Leha maiteko a lipatlisiso sebakeng seo a eketsehile, ho na le ngangisano e tsoelang pele mabapi le mekhoa ea ho e sebelisa le boemo ba boemo joalo ka ho ameha ka bophelo ba kelello. Sebakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea tlhahlobo ea matšoao a lefu lena, Setsi sa Naha sa Bophelo ba kelello se khothaletsa tšebeliso ea Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) e ka ts'ehetsang ho khetholla mafu a kelello a ipapisitseng le litekanyetso tsa boits'oaro bo bonts'ang mehato ea methapo hobane ho talingoa likotsi tsa kelello. mathata a tlhaho a kenyelletsang lipotoloho tsa boko tse hlahisang likarolo tse ikhethang tsa kelello, maikutlo le boits'oaro. Ka lebaka leo, IGD e lokela ho aroloa ho ts'ebetso ea eona ea methapo ea kutlo, hammoho le boiphihlelo ba eona bo tlase. Ka hona, sepheo sa pampiri ena ke ho sekaseka likhakanyo tsa neurobiological tse amehang ho IGD ho latela motheo oa lingoliloeng tsa hona joale. Ka kakaretso, lithuto tsa 853 mabapi le likhakanyo tsa methapo ea kutlo li fumanoe ho ProQuest (lithutong tse latelang tsa setsebi: ProQuest Psychology Journals, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, Appped Social Sciences Index le Abstracts, le ERIC) le ka MEDLINE, ka ts'ebeliso ea mekhoa ea ho kenyelletsa e hlahisang ho lekola lithuto tsa 27 ka kakaretso, u sebelisa mekhoa ea fMRI, rsfMRI, VBM, PET, le EEG. Liphetho li bonts'a phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa taolo e phetseng hantle le batho ba nang le IGD. Boithuto bo kenyellelitsoeng bo fana ka maikutlo a hore ha ho bapisoa le taolo e phetseng hantle, batho ba lemaletseng papali ba na le ts'ebetso e fokolang ea ho araba le ho laola maikutlo, ts'ebetso ea taolo e sebetsang le taolo ea kelello, ho se tsebe ho sebetsa le ho etsa liqeto, ho fokotsa ts'ebetso ea pono le ho ngola, le bofokoli. tsamaisong ea bona ea moputso ea neuronal, e ts'oanang le e fumanoang ho batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi. Sena se fana ka maikutlo a ho lemalla lithethefatsi tse amanang le lithethefatsi le bokhoba ba boitšoaro ka tsela e tšoanang. Patlisiso ea nako e tlang e lokela ho shebisisa ho pheta liphumano tse tlalehiloeng maemong a fapaneng a setso, ho ts'ehetsa motheo oa neurobiological oa ho khetholla IGD le mathata a amanang le ona.

Keywords: Ts'ebetso ea Lipapatso tsa Inthanete, IGD, fMRI, rsfMRI, VBM, PET, EEG, tlhahlobo

Mehopolo ea bohlokoa

Ts'ebetso ea Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) e sebetsang mehato e fetola tšebetso ea methapo ea kutlo ka lihoksi tsa oksijene ea mali (BOLD) bokong, ha phallo ea mali libakeng tsa kelello tse "sebetsang" e eketseha ho tsamaisa glucose e ngata, ha o ntse o tsamaisa limolek'hule tse eketsehileng tsa hemoglobin.

Ho Khatholla State Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rsfMRI) ke subtype ea fMRI e lekanyang maemo a oksijene ea mali (BOLD) ho lekola ts'ebetso ea boko ha taba e ntse e le maemong a phomolo (ke hore, e sa etsa mosebetsi o itseng). Morero ke ho etsa lipatlisiso hore na ho na le phapang mesebetsing ea boko ho batho ba nang le maemo a itseng ha ba bapisoa le taolo e phetseng hantle.

Vphodel-based morphometry (VBM) e thusa ho tsebahatsa liphetoho tse potelletseng bokong ntle le tlhoko ea tsebo ea pele. Sena ke sa bohlokoa haholo ha tšebeliso ea videogame e fanoa e ka ama ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea boko ka litsela tse fapaneng tse ka hlahisang liphetoho maemong a boitšoaro le a kelello.

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) e lekanya ts'ebetso ea metabolic bokong ka ho bona mahlaseli a gamma a kentsoeng ka har'a ntho ea tracer, e hlahisoang ke tlhahlobo ea khomphutha.

Lithuto tse sebelisoang Electroencephalography (EEG) ba hiriloe ho fumana ts'ebetso ea methapo ea kutlo ho tsoa libakeng tse ka tlase tsa cortical (ka pele, ka morao, ka ho le letona le ka ho le letšehali) bokong ba motho ka ho sebelisa lielektrode tse hoketsoeng hloohong. Ho sebelisoa mokhoa ona, ho fetoha hoa motlakase (ke hore, phallo ea hajoale e hlahisoang ke nyakallo ea li-neuronal synapses) e lekantsoe lipakeng tsa li-electrode.

Selelekela

Mathata a Papali ea Inthanete (IGD) ke mathata a kelello a ka bang teng hona joale a kenyellelitsoeng karolong ea boraro ea khatiso ea morao-rao (ea bohlano) ea Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Dis shida (DSM-5) e le boemo bo hlokang hore lipatlisiso tse ling li kenyeletsoe bukeng ea sehlooho (). Leha maiteko a lipatlisiso sebakeng seo a eketsehile, ho na le ngangisano e tsoelang pele mabapi le mekhoa ea ho e sebelisa le boemo ba boemo joalo ka ho ameha ka bophelo ba kelello [mohlala, (, )].

Likhang tse mabapi le tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng ea IGD ho DSM-5 li ameha taba ea khopolo-taba, theoretical, le litaba tsa ts'ebetso tse hlahisitsoeng ke litsebi tse ngata lefapheng lena. Taba ea pele, ho boletsoe hore sebopeho sa bokhoba ba lithibelo se beha litheko hobane ho e-na le ho ba tšenyo ea maikutlo, papali ea mathata e ka ba sephetho sa ho sebetsana ka tsela e fosahetseng le ho batla ho khotsofatsa litlhoko tsa pele tse sa hlonepheng (). Leha ho le joalo, lipatlisiso () e boetse e bonts'a hore ho se sebetse hantle ho kopitsa ts'ebeliso e mpe ea tahi le marang-rang ha ho lokele hore e be tse khetholohileng ka bobeli, empa hore ea pele e bolela esale pele, mme ka hona e ka fana ka maikutlo a hore papali ea papali ke mokhoa oa ho itlhalosa, 'me e ts'oanang le litlatsetso tse ling (). Taba ea bobeli, ho phehisanoe khang ea hore haeba IGD e ka baka mathata a mang a kelello e ke ke ea nkuoa e le temallo ea 'nete (). Leha ho le joalo, ho ea ka pono ea bongaka, ho hlakile hore comorbidity ke ntho e tloaelehileng, eseng mokhelo, 'me sena ha se felle feela tšebelisong ea inthanete le papali (, ), empa hape le bakeng sa psychopathology e 'ngoe () ho kenyelletsa le lithethefatsi tse ling (). Taba ea boraro, lipatlisiso tsa nakong e fetileng mabapi le IGD li 'nile tsa nyatsoa ka lebaka la meeli ea tsona, ka ho re lipatlisiso tse ngata sebakeng seo li entsoe ka batho ba sa sebeliseng kliniki ba sebelisang mehato ea psychometric (ka hona, likhato tsa subjective) (). Leha ho le joalo, ho na le lipalo tse ntseng li eketseha tsa lithuto tse hlahlobang bakuli ba batlang kalafo ba nang le IGD [mohlala, (-)]. Ho feta moo, meeli ea lipatlisiso lefapheng la bacha la IGD e fokotsa kutloisiso ea rona le ho fumana lintho ka kakaretso, ka hona ho bohlokoa haholo ho tsoela pele ho etsa lipatlisiso ka taba ena ho tloha ka pono ea bongaka le ho sebelisa mekhoa e ka nkoang e le sepheo se hlakileng, joalo ka Ho lekola boteng ba methapo ea kutlo ea IGD.

Sebakeng sa ho lekola IGD subjentially ka ho its'etleha ka mekhoa ea diag-nostic e thehiloeng ho expriential sign exp expriility, National Institute of Mental Health () e buella ts'ebeliso ea Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) e ka tšehetsang ho khetholla mafu a kelello a ipapisitseng le likarolo tsa boitšoaro bo bonoang le methapo ea kutlo hobane likotsi tsa kelello li nkuoa e le mathata a tlhaho a kenyelletsang lipotoloho tsa boko tse amang likarolo tse itseng tsa boitsebišo, maikutlo le boitšoaro. Ka lebaka leo, IGD e lokela ho thathamisoa ho ts'ebetso ea eona ea methapo ea kutlo le boiphihlelo ba eona bo tlase. Ka hona, sepheo sa pampiri ena ke ho hlahloba likarolo tsa methapo ea methapo ho IGD ho latela motheo oa lingoliloeng tse teng hona joale.

mekhoa

Mekhoa ea kenyelletso e sebelisitsoeng bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea hona joale e ne e le: (i) ho hlahloba mekhoa ea methapo ho IGD, (ii) lithuto tsa maiketsetso, (iii) sebelisa mekhoa ea neuroimaging, (iv) e phatlalalitsoeng koranteng e hlahlojoang ke lithaka, (v) e ngotsoeng ka Senyesemane, le (vi) e phatlalalitsoe ho tloha 2012 joalo ka ha litlhahlobo tse fetileng li bua ka nako ea nako pele). Setsi sa polokelo ea ProQuest se ile sa batloa, ho kenyelletsa le lethathamo la lintlha tse latelang: Appped Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA), ERIC, ProQuest Psychology Magazine, PsycARTICLES, le PsycINFO, ka patlisiso e 'ngoe e entsoeng ho MEDLINE. Patlo e kenyelelitse mefuta e tloahelehileng ea mekhoa ea neuroimaging e sebelisitsoeng liphuputsong tsa IGD [ke hore, elektrroencephalogram (EEG), positron emission tomography (PET), single-Photon emission computer tomography (SPECT), imaging e sebetsang ea matla a matla a sefahleho (fMRI) imaging (sMRI), infusion-tensor imaging (DTI)] jwalokaha ho tlalehiloe tlhahlobisong e hlophisitsoeng e fetileng [ke hore, ()], e lebisang ho leano le latelang la ho batla: (patholog* KAPA bothata* KAPA lemallo* KAPE ho qobelloang OR ho itšetleha* KAPA ho hloka taolo*) LE (video kapa k'homphieutha KAPA marang-rang) sebapali* LE (neuroimaging OR eeg OR phoofolo ea lapeng OR pono kapa fmri OR smri OR dti). Sehlooho se seng le se seng sa thuto le tse sa hlakileng li ile tsa hlahlojoa hore li tšoanelehe. Litemana tse felletseng tsa lithuto tsohle tse ka bang bohlokoa li ile tsa nkuoa hape tsa hlahlojoa hape bakeng sa ho tšoaneleha.

Results

Kakaretso ea lithuto tsa 853 (ProQuest n = 745; LITABA n = 108) li ile tsa khetholloa qalong, ka lipatlisiso tse entsoeng ho webosaeteng ea ProQuest tse hlahisang liphetho tse latelang: Makasine ea ProQuest Psychology n = 524; LIEKETSENG LIEKETSE n EA-115; BOPHELO n = 106; Sebelisoa sa Index ea Saense ea Sechaba le Lipalo n = 0; le ERIC n = 0. Lipampiri tsohle tsa 853 li ile tsa hlahlojoa lihlooho le litlolo tsa bona, tsa baka hore ho kenyelletsoe ka ntle ho lipampiri tsa 820 tse neng li se na thuso bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea hona joale, li siea lithuto tsa 33 tse neng li tšoaneleha bakeng sa tlhahlobo e eketsehileng. Ho tsena, lipampiri tse tšeletseng li ile tsa tlameha ho qheleloa ka thoko hobane e ne e le tse qopitsoang (n = 2), ha ea ka ea hlahloba IGD (n = 1), kapa lipampiri tsa tlhahlobo (n = 3). Phuputso e felletseng ea 27 e ile ea nkuoa e tšoaneleha bakeng sa tlhahlobo e eketsehileng ha ba ntse ba kopana le litekanyetso tsa ho kenyeletsoa. Ts'ebetso ea khetho e qaqisitsoe chate ea phallo ho Setšoantšo Figure11.

 

Faele e kantle e nang le setšoantšo, papiso, joalo-joalo Lebitso la ntho ke fpsyt-09-00166-g0001.jpg

Tšebeliso ea lipale tsa mokhoa oa khetho ea lithuto.

Setšoantšo se sebetsang sa matla a khoheli (fMRI)

Ka fMRI, liphetoho maemong a oksijene ea mali (BOLD) bokong li lekantsoe hobane li bontša tšebetso ea methapo. Karolelano ea oxyhemoglobin (ke hore, hemoglobin e nang le oksijene maling) ho tloha ho deoxyhemoglobin (ke hore, hemoglobin e ntšitseng oksijene) bokong e lekantsoe ha phallo ea mali libakeng tsa boko "tse sebetsang" ha e ntse e tsamaisa oksijene e eketsehileng, ha e ntse e tsamaisa oksijene e eketsehileng Limolek'hule tsa hemoglobin. Ho lekanya tšebetso ena ea metabolic bokong ho lumella monahano o nepahetseng le o hlakileng haholoanyane oa boko bo amanang le MRI ea sebopeho. Ho feta moo, melemo ea fMRI e kenyelletsa lebelo la menahano ea bokong, ho rarolla libaka, 'me ha ho na kotsi ea bophelo bo botle ha ho bapisoa le litekanyetso tsa PET (). Ho fumanoe lithuto tse 'ne tse sebelisang fMRI thutong ea IGD (-). Lintlha tsa lithuto tsena li hlahisitsoe ho Lethathamo Lethathamo11 mona ka tlase.

Lethathamo 1

Lithuto tsa maiketsetso tsa "resonance imaging" tsa ts'ebetso ea matla a ts'ebetso ea Inthanete ea Lipapatso tsa Inthanete (IGD).

MongolisampoleMereroLiphello
Ding et al. ()N = Bacha ba 34 ba hiriloe setsing sa bophelo bo botle ba kelello China (50 e motona; lilemo tse bolelang = 16.4, SD = Lilemo tse 3.2)Ho lekola hore na likarolo tse nyane tsa tšusumetso ea tšobotsi li hokahane le libaka tsa boko tse amanang le thibelo ea tšusumetso e sa sebetseng ho batho ba nang le IGDPFC e kentse letsoho ho poteng modulating impulivity. Ts'ebetso e mpe ea PFC e amanang le ho ts'oaroa ho hoholo ho bacha ba nang le IGD, mme e ka kenya letsoho ts'ebetsong ea IGD
Letsatsi et al. ()N = Bacha ba 39 le batho ba baholo ba nang le IGD ba hiriloeng setsi sa bophelo bo botle ba kelello, le taolo e phetseng hantle Chaena (83% e motona; lilemo tse bolelang = 20.5, SD = Lilemo tse 3.55)Ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa hore na li-imagt kurtosis imaging (DKI) li ka sebelisoa ho fumana liphetoho litabeng tsa bohlooho (GM) ho batho ba nang le IGDDKI e khona ho bona phapang e poteletseng ho GM microstructure lipakeng tsa IGD le batho ba phetseng hantle. Moetso oa DKI o ka fana ka li-biomarkers tse nahanang tsa ho hlahloba boima ba IGD.
Dieter et al. ()N = Batho ba baholo ba 32 ba nang le IGD ba koetliselitsoeng setsing sa bophelo bo botle ba kelello, le taolo e ntle Jeremane (91% e motona; ho bolela lilemo = 26.7, SD = Lilemo tse 6.3)Ho lekanya likamano tsa kelello le tsa neurobiological tsa kamano lipakeng tsa avatar le mehopolo ea boithati le botle ho batho ba nang le IGDBapapali ba nang le bothata ba khetholla haholo ka li-avatar tsa bona ho feta batho ba sa ferekaneng. Avatar e ka nka sebaka sa boithati bo loketseng ba libapali ha ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi e ntse e qala.
Luijten et al. ()N = Libapali tsa banna tsa 34 tsa Netherlands (li bolela lilemo = 20.8, SD = Lilemo tse 3.1)Ho lekola bofokoli ba taolo ea kelello ho batho ba nang le IGD (mohlala, taolo ea thibelo, ts'ebetso ea liphoso, taolo ea tlhokomelo)Fokotsa taolo ea inhibitory, empa ho lokisa liphoso le taolo ea tlhokomelo e tloaelehileng.
 

Ha ho kopanngoa hammoho, lithuto tsa fMRI tse sebelisang mehlala ea bocha Chaena li fumanoe li na le IGD (, ) o khothalelitse hore ho na le liphapang lipakeng tsa batho bana ha ba bapisoa le taolo e phetseng hantle mabapi le lefu la bona la methapo. Ka ho toba, bacha le IGD ile a fumanoa ho ba le mosebetsi e phahameng ka ho ba phahameng medial tse tobileng gyrus, letona anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), le letona phahameng 'me ka bohareng tse tobileng gyrus, le letšehali tlaasana parietal lobule, le letšehali precentral gyrus, le precuneus setse le cuneus, e bonts'a karabo e mpe le ho feta ea ts'ebetso ea mokokotlo oa mokokotlo oa mokokotlo (PFC) () fuoa lipatlisiso tse fetileng joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe hore netweke e ka pele ea letsoho e ikarabella bakeng sa thibelo (). Ho ne ho na le ts'ebetso e fokolang ho "gyri" ea naha e bohareng le e tlase e ikarabellang bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea pono (joalo ka sefahleho), le tokelo ea parietal lobule (e ikarabellang bakeng sa maikutlo a sebaka), e fana ka maikutlo a fokotsehile ts'ebetso ea pono le ho utloahala (). Phuputso e 'ngoe ea fMRI e kenyelletsoeng tlhahlobisong ena e kenyelelitse libapali tsa banna naheng ea Netherlands () mme a sebelisa mesebetsi ea Go-NoGo le Stroop ho lekola ho se ts'oenyehe le taolo ea thibelo, ho fumana hore libapali tsa lipapali tsa video li na le tšebetso e tlase ea boko ka lehlakoreng le letšehali le ka tlase le ka pele, paroetal lobe e tlase ha e bapisoa le taolo e sa tloaelehang ea lipapali, e bontšang hore bapalami ba mathata ba na le taolo e tlase ea thibelo [e ts'oanang le liphetho mabapi le ts'oaetso ea thibelo ea thibelo e boletsoeng phuputsong ea Ding et al.)], ha ho na phapang e fumanoang taolong ea tlhokomelo le ho lokisa liphoso.

Ho feta moo, monahano o fapaneng oa kurtosis (litekanyetso tsa ho lekanya metsi bokong ho lekola li-Microphact) le morphometry o thehiloeng ho voxel o bonts'itse hore bacha ba nang le IGD ba ne ba e-na le likarolo tse tlase tsa "kurtosis" ka lintlha tse fapaneng tsa lefutso, athe bongata ba bona bo ne bo le maemong a fapaneng a GM. Gyri ea parahippocampal e ne e phahame, hape e le tlase ho "gyrus" ea bona ea pele. Ho ipapisitsoe le phapang e fumanoeng ho metric e hlalositsoeng e bolela "mett" ea motlakase lipakeng tsa batho ba lemaletseng lipapali tsa inthanete le taolo e phetseng hantle le likarolo tsa kelello tse hlalositsoeng kaholimo.), ho bonahala ho na le phapang e kholo ka sebopeho sa "micost" sebopeho lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena, se supang pathophysiology e itseng ea IGD (). [Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e qaqileng ea lihokahanyo tsa tlhōrō ea MNI ea voxel le sehlopha sa tlhahlobo ea thuto ena, ka kopo sheba kakaretso e fanoeng mabapi le liphetoho tsa MK, liphapang tsa kuralosis ea axial le radial pakeng tsa tšebeliso ea papali ea papali ea inthanete le lihlopha tsa taolo (Sun et al ., maq. 48ff.)].

Phuputso ea ho qetela ea fMRI e sebelisa libapali tsa batho ba baholo tsa Lipapali tsa Maqhubu a Laolo ea Lipapali tsa Massively Multiplayer Online (MMORPGs) le IGD Jeremane () e bonts'itse hore ba tsebahatsa ka "avatar" ea bona ea papali (ke hore, sebopeho sa bona), e lebisang ts'ebetsong ea libaka tsa boko tse amanang le boits'oaro le boits'oaro bo amanang le boits'oaro, e leng, boiketsetso bo ka lehlakoreng le letšehali, bo fana ka tlhahiso ea boitsebahatso ba avatar e kanna ea ba phello ea ho lefella matšoenyeho a sechaba, a lebisang ho nts'etsopele ea IGD.

Ho khutlisa monahano oa matla a matla a naha a ho khutlisa (rsfMRI)

rsfMRI ke sehlotshwana sa fMRI se lekanyang maemo a oksijene ea mali (BOLD) ho lekola ts'ebetso ea boko ha taba e ntse e le maemong a phomolo (ke hore, e sa etsa mosebetsi o itseng). Morero ke ho etsa lipatlisiso hore na ho na le phapang mesebetsing ea boko ho batho ba nang le maemo a itseng ha ba bapisoa le taolo e ntle (). Thutong ea hajoale, lithuto tse supileng tse sebelisitsoeng ho feta tsa rsMRI ho ithuta IGD li kenyellelitsoe (-). Lintlha tsa ho ithuta li fanoa Tafoleng Lethathamo22.

Lethathamo 2

Ho khutlisetsa lithuto tsa matla a lipapatso tsa 'mala oa naha (rsfMRI) tsa likotsi tsa lipapali tsa Inthanete (IGD).

MongolisampoleMereroLiphello
Xing et al. ()N = Bacha ba 34 ba Chaena (61% e motona; lilemo tse bolelang = 19.1, SD = Lilemo tse 0.7)Ho lekola likamano lipakeng tsa marang-rang a masapo le taolo ea kelello ho bacha le IGDNetweke ea leihlo le letona le amanang le ts'ebetso ea botsamaisi e sa sebetseng. Phapang ea khokahano ea moralo lipakeng tsa bacha ba nang le IGD le taolo e phetseng hantle.
Yuan et al. ()N = Bacha ba 87 le baholo ba bacha Chaena (75% e motona; ho bolela lilemo = 19, SD = 1.4 lilemo, mefuta = 15-23)Ho lekola phapang lipapaling tsa li-striatum volume le li-network tsa resting state functional (RSFC) lipakeng tsa batho ba nang le IGD le taolo e phetseng hantlePhapang ho bophahamo ba striatum le li-circuits tsa frontostriatal lipakeng tsa batho ba nang le IGD le taolo e phetseng hantle. Khaello ea taolo ea kelello ho IGD e hokahantsoeng le matla a fokotsoeng a preostriatal RSFC.
Yuan et al. ()N = Bakhanni ba banna ba bacha ba 33 le bao e seng libapali tsa Jeremane (ho bolela lilemo = 25.5, SD = 4.2, mefuta = 18-34)Ho lekola hore na Lefatše la Warcraft le na le mekhoa e meng e sa nepahalang ea moputsoBopaki ba khaello ea tsamaiso ea moputso ho libapali tsa marang-rang khafetsa, ho kenyelletsa le ts'ebetso e matla e fokotsehileng ea neural nakong ea tebello ea meputso e menyenyane le e kholo ea chelete ho ventral striatum
Lin et al. (); Lin et al. ()N = Bacha ba banna ba 52 ba Chaena (ho bolela lilemo = 22.2, SD = Lilemo tse 3.1)Ho lekola tšebetso e sa tloaelehang ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ho IGD ka ho feto-fetoha ha maqhubu a tlase (fALFF) maemong a fapaneng a maqhubuBatho ka bomong ba nang le IGD ba ne ba e-na le litekanyetso tse tlase tsa FALFF maemong a holimo a boloi ba nakoana le boleng bo phahameng ba FALFF ho ​​cerebellum
Wang et al. ()N = Bacha ba 41 ba Chaena (ho bolela lilemo = 16.9, SD = Lilemo tsa 2.7; mefuta = 14-17)Ho lekola likamano tse sebetsang tsa boemo ba phomolo ba methapo ea methapo ea batho ba nang le IGD ba sebelisang khokahano ea li-voxel-mirrored Homotopic (VMHC)Batho ba nang le IGD ba ne ba fokotsehile VMHC lipakeng tsa karolo ea orbital ea letsoho le letšehali le phahameng, bohareng le bo tlase.
 

Ha ho kopanngoa hammoho, lithuto tsa rsfMRI tse khethiloeng tlhahlobisong ea hona joale li bontša batho ba nang le IGD ba le taolo ea kelello e senyehileng [) - (, , )], le bofokoli tsamaisong ea meputso ea bona ea ventral striatum (). Taolo ea kelello ho batho ba IGD e ile ea hlahlojoa e sebelisa mofuta oa polelo ea Stroop, ea fokotseha anisotropy (FA) marang-rang a nepahetseng a saense, e bonts'ang khatello ea methapo ea fiber, bophara ba axonal le myelination ka taba e tšoeu (WM), e ka hlalosang bothata ho taolo marang-rang a ho se sebetse ka kotloloho ho batho ba nang le IGD e ka amanang le taolo e hlokofatsang ea kelello (). Tekanyetso e fokolisitsoeng ea WM kahara bokapele bo ka tlase bo ka pele, insula, amygdala le cingate ea anterior e bontšitsoe ho batho ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea taolo ea lipapali tsa inthanete mabapi le taolo e phetseng hantle, e bonts'ang bokhoni ba ho etsa liqeto, boitšoaro le taolo ea maikutlo sehlopheng sa IGA (). Ntle le sena, ho bontšitsoe hore batho ba nang le IGD ba fokotsehile ho eketseha ha khatello ea methapo e tlase (ho lekanya ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea kelello ea lehae e amanang le mathata a kelello) ho "cerebellum" le boleng bo eketsehang ho "gyrus" e phahameng ea "temple". sebetsa, mohopolo oa ho sebetsa le ho etsa liqeto lithutong tsa IGD tse amanang le taolo e phetseng hantle, empa le tšebetso e eketsehileng ea boko e ka amanang le tšebelisano e matla ea methapo ea kutlo ho IGD (). Patlisiso e boetse e bontšitse bophahamo bo eketsehang ba li-caudate le li-nucleus tse nepahetseng tsa letsoho (ho tsamaisa boiphihlelo ba mehopolo bokong ba motho) le ho fokotsa matla a ho phomotsa ts'ebetso ea mmuso ho PFC, e tlamelletsoeng ho fokotseha taolo ea kelello, e ts'oanang le tsena tse fumanehang ho thepa- mathata a amanang le ona (). Ho feta moo, patlisiso e fumane hore batho ba nang le IGD ba fokotsehile khokahano ea maqhubu a maqhubu a maqhubu a maqhubu a maqhubu (ho lekanya khokahano lipakeng tsa methapo ea methapo ea kelello) lipakeng tsa gyrus ea kapele le e ka pele, e totobatsang puisano pakeng tsa kelello le bokong ba batho ba IGD ba amanang. ho taolo e phetseng hantle, ho nka liqeto tse matla, ho lakatsa le liphoso tse thibelang (). Ho feta moo, ho fumanoe hore batho ba tloaetseng ho bapala li-MMORPG tse kang World of Warcraft ba na le karabelo e tlase ea 'mele boitsebisong ba' mele ha ba lebelletse meputso ea chelete ka ketsahalo ea "cyral striatum" e fapaneng ka mesebetsi e thehiloeng hammoho le boemo ba phomolo ba mmuso ho hloka tsebo e lekaneng ea ho putsa batho ba ikemiselitseng ho bapala papali e ngata (ho ena le ho haella ha tsamaiso ea moputso ka lebaka la papali e ngata) ().

Vphodel-based morphometry (VBM)

VBM ke mokhoa o sebetsang bakeng sa ho utloisisa IGD kaha e thusa ho supa liphetoho tse potelletseng bokong ntle le tlhoko ea tsebo ea pele (). Sena ke sa bohlokoa haholo ha tšebeliso ea videogame e fanoa e ka ama ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea boko ka mekhoa e fapaneng e ka bakang liphetoho maemong a boitšoaro le a kelello (). Karolo ena e tla bontša ka bokhutšoanyane tse ling tsa lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse fumanoeng lithutong tsa IGD tse sebelisang VBM, 'me tlhaiso-leseling e ngata e fanoa ho Lethathamo Lethathamo33.

Lethathamo 3

Lithuto tsa Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) tsa Diseteke tsa Lipapali tsa Inthanete (IGD).

MongolisampoleMereroLiphello
Lee et al. ()N = Bacha ba 61 le batho ba baholo ba Korea Boroa (100% e motona; ho bolela lilemo = 23.5, SD = Lilemo tsa 2.7, lilemo = 18-28 lilemoHo khetholla liphetoho tse tsamaisanang le IGD le ho hlahloba mathata a taolo e kholo ka ho lekola ho se ts'oenyeheLithuto tsa IGD li bonts'itse bonyata bo nyane ba GM libakeng tsa boko tse amanang le taolo e phahameng. Bophahamo ba molumo oa GM kahare ea cortate cortex le sebaka se tlatselletsang sa motlakase li ne li le bobebe ho amanang le ho qobelloa.
Du et al. ()N = Bacha ba 52 le baholo ba bacha Chaena (100% e motona; ho bolela lilemo = 17, SD = Lilemo tse 3)Ho etsa lipatlisiso ka mekhoa e meng e ka fetoloang e ka fetoloang ho bocha ba IGD bacha ho bapisoa le taolo e phetseng hantleBatho ba IGD ba hlahisitsoeng ke ho se sebetse hantle libakeng tse fapaneng tsa boko ba amehang ketsong ea boitšoaro, tlhokomelo le maikutlo
Ko et al. ()N = Bacha ba 60 le bacha ba baholo ba Taiwan (100% e motona; e bolelang lilemo = = 23.6, SD = Lilemo tse 2.5)Ho lekola letsoalo la GM le khokahano e sebetsang (FC) ho batho ba nang le IGDBatho ba IGD ba bontšitse letsoalo le fetotsoeng la GM holim'a amygdala. Tlhahlobo e tsoetseng pele ea amygdala e bontsitse FC e holofetseng ho ea pele
Jin et al. ()N = 46 batho ba baholo ba baholo Chaena (65% e motona; lilemo tse bolelang = 19.1, SD = 1.1 selemoHo hlahloba likarolo tse sa tloaelehang tsa ho phomola hoa libaka tsa libaka tsa pele ho batho ba nang le IGDBatho ba IGD ba bonts'itse bohlokoa bo fokotsehileng ba bophahamo ba GM sebakeng sa preortal cortex (PFC) ho kenyelletsa libaka tsa dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), orbitof Pambal cortex (OFC), sebaka sa anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), le sebaka se nepahetseng sa tlatsetso sa motor (SMA).
Weng et al. ()N = Bacha ba 34 ba Chaena (82% basali; ba lilemo li = 16.3, SD = Lilemo tse 3.0)Ho etsa lipatlisiso ka phapang ea morphology ea boko lipakeng tsa lithuto tsa IGD le taolo e phetseng hantle, le ho hlahloba mochine o ka khonehang oa IGDBatho ba IGD ba bontšitse atrophy ea bohlokoa ea GM ka ho le letona la OFC, ts'ebetso ea naha le naha, le SMA e nepahetseng. Ka kakaretso, litlolo tsa micostructure tsa GM le tšoeu (WM) li fumanoe lithutong tsa IGD
Wang et al. ()N = Bacha ba 56 ba Chaena (67% e motona; lilemo tse bolelang = 18.8, SD = 1.3 selemoHo etsa lipatlisiso ka ts'ebetso ea taolo ea kelello le liphetoho tse ka bang teng tsa molumo oa GM ho batho ba IGDBophahamo ba GM ba bilioneal ACC, precuneus, SMA, parietal cortex e phahameng, e tlohetse DLPFC, insula e setseng, le "cerebellum" ea lefatše e theohile ho batho ba IGD ha ho bapisoa le taolo e phetseng hantle.
Lin et al. ()N = 71 batho ba baholo ba baholo Chaena (100% e motona; lilemo tse bolelang = 22.2, SD = Lilemo tse 3.1)Ho lekola haeba IGD e kenya letsoho phetohong ea likhoerekhoere ka ho hlahloba liphetoho tsa methapo ea GM le WM ho batho ba IGDBatho ba IGD ba bonts'itse letsoalo le tlase la GM le WM libakeng tse 'maloa tsa boko tse kenyelletsoeng ho etsa liqeto, ho thibela boitšoaro le taolo ea maikutlo
 

Lee et al. () e sebelisitse VBM ho fuputsa setsoalle lipakeng tsa tlhekefetso ea GM le ho qhekella ho IGD, mme ea fumana hore lithuto tsa IGD li bonts'a bonyenyane ba GM maemong a boko libakeng tse amanang le taolo e kholo, joalo ka ACC le sebaka sa makoloi se tlatsetsang (SMA). Ho boetse ho fumanoe hore libuka tsa GM ho ACC le SMA li ne li sa tsamaellane hantle le ho ts'oaroa, le hore lithuto tsa IGD li bonts'itse bonyenyane ba GM leboteng la pele le pele la parietal le nang le polokelo ea motlakase ea morao-rao e tsamaeang le parietal e tlase ha e bapisoa le taolo e phetseng hantle. . Lee et al. () hape e fumane hore libuka tsa GM ka har'a polasi e tsoang ka morao ea motlakase li ne li sa tsamaellane hantle le tšebeliso ea li-videogames bophelo bohle. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, liphuputso tse ling hape li bonts'itse likhokahanyo lipakeng tsa GM le ho se ts'oenyehe ho batho ba IGD. Haholo-holo, Du et al. () e fumane hore batho ba IGD ba leng teng ba na le maemo a phahameng a ho hloka matla a amanang le bophahamo ba GM ba bonyane dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), insula ea machabeng le orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), amygdala e nepahetseng le e fokotsehileng ka ho le letšehali la fusiform gyrus. Ha li kopantsoe hammoho, liphumano tsena li bonts'a tlhekefetso ea GM libakeng tse amanang le taolo e kholo li ka tlatsetsa ho phahama ho hoholo ho banna ba baholo ba banna ba nang le IGD, le hore ho se sebetse hantle ha libaka tsena tsa boko tse kenyelletsang boits'ebetsong ba boitšoaro, ho tsepamisa maikutlo le taolo ea maikutlo ho ka tlatsetsa ho hatelletseng mathata a taolo ho bacha. le IGD ().

Patlisiso e ngoe hape e bonts'itse hore letsoalo la GM la amygdala le kopaneng le fokotsehile le tšebelisano lipakeng tsa PFC / insula le amygdala li eketsehile ho batho ba IGD, e leng se bontšang khatello ea maikutlo (). Ntle le moo, likhokahano tse fetotsoeng lipakeng tsa ho kenella le bophahamo ba GM ho DMPFC, OFC, insula, amygdala le fusform ho bacha ba IGD li bonts'a hore ho nyekeloa kelellong marangrang a boko ho kenyelletsoa boits'ebetsong ba boitšoaro, ho tsepamisa maikutlo le maikutlo a maikutlo ho ka tlatsetsa maemong a phahameng a ho hloka matla ho bacha ba hlahisang mocha. le IGD.

Patlisiso ea VBM e thusitse ho tseba libaka tse ikhethang tsa boko le liphetoho tsa GM ho IGD. Jin et al. () e fumane hore bacha ba IGD ba bonts'itse ho fokotseha ha molumo oa GM libakeng tse ka pele ho kenyelletsa PFC ea naha, OFC, ACC, SMA e nepahetseng le cerebellum kamora ho laola litlamorao tsa lilemo le bong. Liphumano tsena li tsamaellana le liphuputso tse fetileng tse fanang ka maikutlo a hore bofokoli ba GM ho OFC bo ka hlaha ho batho ba IGD (), ho nka karolo ha libaka tse 'maloa tsa PFC le lipotoloho tse amanang le li-PFC nakong ea IGD,' me IGD e ka arolelana mekhoa e tšoanang ea neural le ts'ehetso ea lintho maemong a potoloho.

Patlisiso ea VBM e boetse e thathamisitse litlamorao tse ka bang kotsi tsa IGD taolong ea taolo ea kelello. Wang et al. () e tlaleha hore bophahamo ba GM ba bilioneal ACC, precuneus, SMA, parietal cortex e tlohileng ho PFC ea morao-rao, setlama se setseng, le "cerebellum" ea naha e fokotsehile haholo ho batho ba IGD. Boithuto bona bo fana ka maikutlo a hore phetoho ea bophahamo ba GM e amana le phetoho ea ts'ebetso ea taolo ea kelello ho bacha lilemong le IGD, e totobatsang litlamorao tse kholo tsa setšoantšo sa boko se hlahisoang ke IGD.

Patlisiso ea VBM ea pejana e tlalehile bonyata bo sa tloaelehang ba GM le WM ho IGD. Lin et al. () e fumane hore batho ba IGD ba bonts'itse letsoalo le tlase haholo la "GM" girus e ikhethileng e tlohelang letsohong le letšehali, ka letsohong le letšehali la cingrate gyrus, insula, precuneus e nepahetseng, le hippocampus e nepahetseng. Ho fumaneha hape hore batho ba IGD ba bonts'a letsoalo le tlase la WM kahara "gyl", insula, amygdala, le cterate ea ka ntle ho feta taolo e ntle.). Liphumano tsena lia kopana le tse tlalehiloeng lithutong tsa pejana moo lithuto tsa IGD li bonts'itsoeng ho hlahisa letsoalo le fokolang la GM [mohlala, (, )], 'me IGD e ka ama hampe lits'ebetso tse kenyelletsoeng ha ho etsoa liqeto, boitšoaro le maikutlo.

Ka kakaretso, lipatlisiso tsa VBM li bile le thuso ho bonts'a liphetoho tse ka bang teng sebopeho sa boko ba batho ba IGD. Likarolo tse ngata tsa boko tse fumanoeng li fetotsoe ho batho ba IGD li kile tsa hokahanngoa le mesebetsi e tlatselletsang ho ntlafatseng boits'oaro bo khothalletsang kapa bo khothalletsang (). Mohlala, ho fokotseha ha boholo ba OFC ho fumanoe ho batho ba nang le bothata ba tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi le litheko tsa boits'oaro, ho bolelang hore nts'etsopele ea IGD e ka kenyelletsa libaka tsa boko tse tšoanang le ba amehang maemong ana (, ). Leha lithuto tse ling li tlalehiloe li fumane liphetoho ho likarolong tse fapaneng tsa boko, liphapang tsena li thusa ho bonts'a mekhoa e fapaneng eo IGD e ka amang ts'ebetso ea boko ka kakaretso le liphetoho tse ka hlahisang maemong a boits'oaro le kelello.), le ho hlakisa ho rarahana ha ketsahalo ena. Ntle le moo, ha ho nahanoa hore lithuto tse ngata tsa VBM tse hlahlobiloeng li entsoe ka mehlala ea bocha le hore kelello ea bona e ntse e ntlafala, liphetho tse tlalehiloeng li kanna tsa se akaretse ho feta lilemo tsohle. Mokhoa o mong o ka laoloang bakeng sa sena e ka ba ho etsa lithuto tse ts'oanang mehlaleng ea bana le ea batho ba baholo ho bapisa seo ba se fumaneng.

Positron emission tomography (PET)

PET e sebelisitsoe ho bontša hore dopamine e ntšoa ka har'a striatum ea motho nakong ea papali ea videogame, le hore ho bapala li-videogames ho ka lebisa ho liphetoho tse kholo khemisteng ea boko e tšoanang le liphetoho tse tlisoang ke pharmacologically (). Lithuto tsa PET li khutsufatsoe ho Tafole Lethathamo4.4. Bopaki bo bongata bo ts'oants'itse ts'ebetso ea dopaminergic taolong ea mekhoa e metle ea boits'oaro le litheko tsa boits'oaro, joalo ka IGD (, ).

Lethathamo 4

Lithuto tsa Positron emission tomografics (PET) tsa Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD).

MongolisampoleMereroLiphello
Park et al. ()N = 20 ea batho ba baholo lilemong tsa Korea Boroa (100% e motona; lilemo tse bolelang = 24.7, SD = Lilemo tse 2.4)Ho etsa lipatlisiso ka phapang ea metabolism ea "glucose" ea "" glucose metabolism "phomolong ea naha ho batho ba IGDBatho ba IGD ba bonts'itse ho teba le ho teba ha IGD le ho se ts'oenyehe ho amanang. Batho ba IGD ba ne ba e-na le metabolism ea glucose ho orbitof Pambal cortex (OFC), striatum, le libaka tsa sensory tse kentsoeng taolong ea tšusumetso, ts'ebetsong ea moputso, le boemeli bo ikhethang ba boiphihlelo bo fetileng
Tian et al. ()N = Bacha ba 26 le baholo ba bacha Chaena (100% e motona; ho bolela lilemo = 23.5, SD = Lilemo tse 2.6)Ho hlahloba dopamine ea dopamine D2 (D2) / Serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) ts'ebetso ea li-receptor le metabolism ea glucose ho batho ba IGDBatho ba IGD ba bontsitse metabolism ea glucose e theohileng litsamaisong tsa pele, tsa nakoana le tsa methapo. Pheko e eketsehileng ea D2 li-receptors li fumanoe striatum 'me li amana le lilemo tsa IGD
 

ka 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET thuto e entsoeng ke Park et al. () o sebelisa sampole ea monna ea libapali tse robong tse phetseng hantle le libapali tsa 11 IGD, bangoli ba fumane ho le thata ho bapapali ba IGD ha ba bapisoa le taolo e phetseng hantle. Ntle le moo, datha ea ho nahana e bonts'itse libapali tsa IGD li ekelitse tsoekere ea glucose hantle gorus e bohareng kapa orbitofrontal, letheka le ka letsohong le letona, mme le fokotseha metabolism libakeng tse kahare tsa morao-rao tsa li-postcentral gyrus, le li-ligrital tse tsoang pele tsa semmuso ha li bapisoa le sehlopha sa taolo. . Ka bokhutšoanyane, liphuputso tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore IGD e ka arolelana mekhoa ea kelello le maqhubu ka mefuta e meng ea mathata a taolo a phelisang le liphihlelo tsa tlhekefetso tse amanang le tlhekefetso.

Patlisiso e tsoelang pele e sebelisang PET e se e entsoe molemong oa ho hlakisa mekhoa ea methapo ea kutlo ea IGD. Tian et al. () fuputso dopamine D2 (D2) / Serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) ts'ebetso ea li-receptor le metabolism ea glucose le hore na ho ne ho na le setsoalle pakeng tsa D2 receptor le glucose metabolism ka sampole ea 12 ea banna ba baholo ba lithethefatsi-naïve ba kopane le litekanyetso tsa IGD le 14 li-control tse phetseng hantle tse sebelisang PET le 11CN-methylspiperone ho lekola ho fumaneha ha D2/ 5-HT2A li-receptors le ka 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ho hlahloba metabolism ea "glucose" ea tikoloho, letšoao la ts'ebetso ea boko. Se fumanoeng se khothalelitse batho ba IGD ba hlahisitsoeng ba fokotsehile haholo tsoekere ea glucose lits'ebetsong tsa pele, tsa nakoana le tsa methapo. Ntle le moo, taolo ea D2 li-receptors li ile tsa bonoa setšoantšong mme li amana le nalane ea papali ea videogame e fetelletseng. Ho ea pele, maemo a tlase a D2 li-receptors striatum li ne li amana haholo le metabolism ea glucose e theohileng ho OFC. Ha li kopantsoe hammoho, liphetho tsena li fana ka tlhahiso D2/ 5-HT2A dysregation ea methapo ea methapo ea OFC e fana ka ts'ebetso ea tahlehelo ea taolo le boits'oaro bo hatellang ho batho ba IGD.

Leha ho na le khaello e akaretsang ea lithuto tsa PET ho IGD, mabapi le mekhoa ea ho nahana e sebelisitsoeng, fMRI e rateha ho PET hobane ha e hloke ho pepesa motho ka mong ho radiation (). Leha ho le joalo, melemo ea lithuto tsa PET e kanna ea kenyelletsa molemo oa eona oa ho netefatsa katleho ea pharmacotherapy le ho bolela sephetho sa kalafo ().

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Liphuputso tse sebelisang EEG li hiriloe ho fumana ts'ebetso ea methapo ea kutlo ho tsoa libakeng tse ka tlase tsa cortical (ka pele, ka morao, ka ho le letona le ka ho le letšehali) bokong ba motho bo sebelisang li-electrode tse hokahantsoeng le hlooho. Ho sebelisoa mokhoa ona, ho fetoha hoa motlakase (ke hore, phallo ea hajoale e hlahisoang ke nyakallo ea li-neuronal synapses) e lekantsoe lipakeng tsa lipara tsa li-electrode (). Haholo-holo likamano lipakeng tsa boko le boits'oaro ba motho li hlahlojoa ka likarabo tsa methapo ea kutlo ea methapo ea kutlo ho susumetsa (). Leha ho le joalo, ha ho bapisoa le mekhoa e meng ea neuroimaging (joalo ka fMRI) tharollo ea sebaka sa libaka libakeng tse subcortical e futsanehile. Ho fihlela 2013, lithuto tse ngata tse hatisitsoeng li sebelisa EEG [mohlala, (-)] ho lekantsoe banna ba baholo ba nang le bokhoba ba marang-rang ho fapana le IGD, le ha mehlala e sebelisitsoeng e ne e kenyelletsa libapali. Mabapi le lithuto tsa morao-rao tsa IGD tse sebelisang EEG, mefuta ea mantlha ea lithuto e na le lithuto tse hlahlojoang (i) papali e feteletseng le e lemalloang, (ii) papatso ea papali ea chelete le mathata a mang a comorbid, le (iii) papatso ea papali ea lipapali (miscellaneous). Lithuto tse kenyelelitsoeng li hlahisoa ho Lethathamo Lethathamo55.

Lethathamo 5

Lithuto tsa EEG tse hlahlobang bokhoba ba papali ea chelete / Tlokotsi ea Lipapali tsa Inthanete.

MongolisampoleMereroLiphello
Littel et al. ()Libapali tsa 25 tse feteletseng (li bolela lilemo tsa 20.52 lilemo; SD = 2.95) bapisoa le libapali tsa 27 tse seng tse fetelletseng (li bolela lilemo tsa 21.42 lilemo; SD = 2.59) ho The Netherlands (100% e motona)Ho fuputsa thibelo ea karabo le ho lokisa liphoso har'a libapali tse fetelletseng ha li bapisoa le libapali tse tloaelehileng tse sebelisang mokhoa oa Go / NoGo paradigmLibapali tse fetelletseng li ne li e-na le liphoso tse mpe ebile li bontšitse tšitiso e fokolang ha li bapisoa le taolo
Duven et al. ()Libapali tsa 14 tsa li-pathological (li bolela lilemo tsa 24.29 lilemo; SD = 5.84) bapisoa le libapali tse tloaelehileng tsa 13 (li bolela lilemo tsa 23.31; SD = 3.01) naheng ea Jeremane (100% e motona)Ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa hore na ho na le ts'usumetso e matla ea ho susumetsoa kapa ho mamelisoa ho bakuli ba IGD ha ho bapisoa le libapali tse tloaelehilengP300 e thathamisitsoeng ho bakuli ba IGD ho arabela meputso ha e bapisoa le taolo
Park et al. ()Bakuli ba 26 ba nang le banna ba IGD (banna ba 20; ba bolela lilemo tsa 23.04; SD = 4.15) ha e bapisoa le taolo e phetseng hantle ea 23 (banna ba 20; lilemo li bolela lilemo tsa 25.04; SD = 4.29) Korea BoroaHo hlahloba ts'ebetso ea tlhahisoleseling e sa sebetseng har'a batho ba nang le IGD ha e bapisoa le taoloBa nang le IGD ba bontšitse phokotso e kholo ho arabeleng lithane tse khelohileng libakeng tsa maqhubu a P300 libakeng tsa electrode tsa midline-parietal.
Kim et al. ()Bakuli ba 20 ba nang le IGD (ba bolela lilemo tsa 22.71 lilemo; SD = 5.47) ha e bapisoa le taolo e phetseng hantle ea 29 (bolela lilemo tsa 23.97; SD = 4.36) Korea Boroa (100% e motona)Ho fumana matšoao a bio a amanang le IGD ha a bapisoa le taoloBa nang le IGD ba bonts'itse ts'ebetso ea boemo ba EEG ea ho phomola setulong sa motheo (delta and theta lihlopha)
Kim et al. ()Bakuli ba 27 ba nang le banna ba IGD (banna ba 24; ba bolela lilemo tsa 26.5; SD = 6.1) ha e bapisoa le 24 e nang le Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (banna ba 19; bolele lilemo tsa 25.0; SD = 5.7), le taolo e phetseng hantle ea 26 (banna ba 18; lilemo li bolela lilemo tsa 24.7; SD = 4.7) Korea BoroaHo bapisa likhakanyo tsa methapo ea kutlo ea liphetoho tse fetotsoeng har'a batho ba nang le IGD le obsessive-compive disorder (OCD).Sehlopha sa IGD se bonts'itse latency ea NoGo-N2 e liehang ho saete ea electrode bohareng ha e bapisoa le lits'ebetso.
Son et al. ()Bakuli ba 34 ba nang le IGD (ba bolela lilemo tsa 22.71 lilemo; SD = 5.47) bapisoa le 17 e nang le bothata ba tšebeliso ea lino tse tahang (bolele lilemo tsa 29.71; SD = 4.88), le taolo e phetseng hantle ea 29 (e bolela lilemo tsa 23.88; SD = 4.66) Korea Boroa (100% e motona)Ho bapisa lits'ebeletso tsa QEEG tsa phomolo hara ba nang le IGD, Alcohol Use Disorder, le taolo e phetseng hantleSehlopha sa IGD se ne se e-na le matla a fokolang a beta ho feta lihlopha tse ling tse peli. Ha ho lits'oants'o tsa bohlokoa lipakeng tsa boima ba IGD le QEEG li fumanoe.
Park et al. ()Bacha ba 16 ba nang le IGD + ADHD (bolele lilemo tsa 14.6; SD = 1.9) bapisoa le bacha ba 15 ba nang le ADHD (bolele lilemo tsa 13.7; SD = 0.8), le taolo e phetseng hantle ea bacha ba 15 (e bolela lilemo tsa 14.4; SD = 1.7) Korea Boroa (100% e motona)Ho bapisa ba batona ba lilemong tsa bocha le ADHD le IGD, motho feela oa ADHD, le sehlopha sa taolo ea banna ba sebelisang QEEGHa ho bapisoa le sehlopha sa ADHD-feela, sehlopha sa IGD / ADHD se ne se na le matla a tlase a "delta" le matla a maholo a beta libakeng tse nakoana
Youh et al. ()Bakuli ba 14 ba nang le IGD le Major Depression Disorder (MDD; lilemo li bolela lilemo tsa 20.00; SD = 5.9) bapisoa le bakuli ba 15 ba nang le MDD (bolele lilemo tsa 20.3; SD = 5.5) Korea Boroa (100% e motona)Ho bapisa liphapang tsa neurobiological lipakeng tsa bakuli ba IGD + MDD le bakuli ba MDD ba sebelisang QEEGHa ho bapisoa le ba nang le MDD-feela, boleng bo kopaneng ba hemispheric bakeng sa sehlopha sa alpha pakeng tsa li-electrode tsa Fp1-Fp2 li ne li le tlase haholo ho ba nang le IGD + MDD
Peng et al. ()Bakuli ba 16 ba nang le banna ba IGD (banna ba 13; ba bolela lilemo tsa 20.75; SD = 0.36) ha e bapisoa le taolo e phetseng hantle ea 15 (banna ba 12; lilemo li bolela lilemo tsa 20.25; SD = 0.4) naheng ea China (100% e motona)Ho hlahloba tšebetso e sa tsejoeng ea ponahalo ea sefahleho har'a ba nang le IGD ha e bapisoa le taolo e sebelisang EEGBao ba bontšitsoeng ba IGD ba fokotsehile setsi sa karolo ea ERP N170 ha ba araba mantsoe a sa jeleng paate ha ba bapisoa le mantsoe a thabo a maemong a polelo a monate-a sa nke lehlakore
 

Papali e feteletseng le e lemalloang

Thutong ea pele ho kenyelletsa sampole e boletsoeng e le libapali ho fapana le bokhoba ba marang-rang, Littel et al. () fuputsa karabo ea karabo le ho lokisa liphoso. Li-ERP tsa libapali tsa 25 tse feteletseng li bapisoa le sehlopha sa taolo se sebelisang paradigm ea Go / NoGo. Ha ho bapisoa le sehlopha sa taolo, libapali tse feteletseng li ne li sa sebetse liphoso tse ngata (joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ke litefiso tse fokolisitsoeng tsa li-fronto-central ERN kamora liteko tse fosahetseng mosebetsing oa Go / NoGo). Ho feta moo, libapali tse fetelletseng li bonts'itse thibelo e fokolang mehatong ea boits'oaro le ea ho itlaleha, 'me litlamorao li ne li ts'oana le tse nang le mathata a taolo le tšusumetso ea thepa. Bangoli ba boletse hore ts'ebetso e fosahetseng ea ho e lokisa, ho ts'oaroa ke tšusumetso, le ho fokotsa ts'ebetso ea karabelo ea boits'oaro e ka ba tlasa IGD.

Phuputso e entsoeng ke Duven et al. () ho hlahloba hore na ho ntlafatsoa ho susumetsang ha maikutlo kapa litlamorao ho teng ho bakuli ba IGD. Bakuli ba IGD (n = 14) le sehlopha sa taolo se ile sa bapala videogame nakong ea ho rekota ha ERPs ho hlahloba ts'ebetso ea moputso. Liphumano li bonts'itse P300 e fumanehang bakeng sa bakuli ba IGD mabapi le meputso ha e bapisoa le taolo. Ho boetse ho tlalehiloe hore hara bakuli ba IGD, latency ea N100 e ne e le telele ebile boemo ba amplitude ba N100 bo eketsehile. Bangoli ba phethile ka hore ha ba bapala videogames, litlamorao tsa ho mamella li teng ho bakuli ba IGD.

Park et al. () e sebelisitse EEG ho hlahloba ts'ebetso ea tlhahisoleseling e sa sebetseng har'a batho ba nang le IGD. Ka ho khetheha, ba ile ba etsa lipatlisiso ka karohano karolong ea P300 ea ERP ha barupeluoa ba etsa mosebetsi o makatsang oa ho bala. Ha ho bapisoa le lits'ebetso, ba nang le IGD ba bonts'itse phokotso e kholo ea ho araba lithane tse khelohileng libakeng tsa amplople tsa P300 libakeng tsa methapo ea methapo ea li-electrode tsa midline. Bangoli ba boetse ba tlaleha khokahano e mpe pakeng tsa ho teba ha IGD le ho eketseha ha P300. Ho ile ha etsoa qeto ea hore amplople ea P300 e fokotsehileng e kanna ea ba letšoao la neurobiological bakeng sa IGD.

Phuputso e 'ngoe e sebelisang EEG ho leka le ho fumana matšoao a bio e amanang le IGD ke e ileng ea etsoa ke Kim et al. (). Boithuto bo bapisitse bakuli ba 20 IGD ba nang le taolo e phetseng hantle nakong ea likhoeli tsa 6. Re sebelisa EEG ea ho phomola, barupeluoa ba ile ba hlahlojoa pele ho kalafo le ka mor'a eona. Ba nang le IGD ba bonts'itse mesebetsi ea EEG ea ho phomola setulong sa mantlha (li-delta le theta lihlopha). Kamora kalafo ea likhoeli tsa 6, ts'ebetso ea band ea delta e ile ea ntlafatsoa le ho hokahanngoa haholo le phokotso ea matšoao a IGD. Ho ile ha boela ha tlalehoa hore ts'ebetso e phahameng ka ho fetesisa ea theta e ile ea bolela esale pele ntlafatso e kholo ea matšoao a ho lemalla a IGD kamora kalafo. Bangoli ba pheha khang ea hore tšebetso e eketsehang ea butle-butle e emetse letšoao la methapo ea kutlo ho ba nang le IGD.

Bokhoba ba papali ea chelete le mafu a mang a comorbid

Kim et al. () bapisa likhakanyo tsa methapo ea kutlo ea liphetoho tse fetotsoeng har'a batho ba nang le IGD le obsessive-activive disorder (OCD). Kakaretso ea bakuli ba 27 IGD, bakuli ba 24 OCD, le 26 li-taolo tse phetseng hantle li nkile karolo mosebetsing oa Go / NoGo ha li ntse li le tlas'a EEG. Lihlopheng tsena li ne li bapisoa le li-complexes tsa N2-P3 nakong ea mosebetsi oa Go le NoGo. Sehlopha sa IGD se bonts'itse latency ea NoGo-N2 e liehang ho saete ea electrode bohareng ha e bapisoa le lits'ebetso. Bakuli ba OCD ba ne ba e-na le amplitude e nyane ea NoGo-N2 setsing sa pele sa li-electrode ho feta ba nang le IGD. Bangoli ba phethile ka hore nako e telele ea NoGo-N2 latency e kanna ea ba letšoao la tšusumetso ea mekhoa ho IGD le hore ho fokotsoa ha NoGo-N2 amplitude e kanna ea ba phapang pakeng tsa OCD ho IGD mabapi le ho qobelloa.

Son et al. () bapisa lits'ebeletso tsa QEEG tsa ho phomola hara ba nang le IGD (n = 34), bokuli ba tšebeliso ea joala (AUD; n = 17), le li-control tse phetseng hantle (n = 25). Liphetho li bonts'itse hore sehlopha sa IGD se ne se na le matla a fokolang a beta ho feta lihlopha tse ling tse peli. Sehlopha sa AUD se ne se e-na le matla a phahameng haholo ho feta lihlopha tse ling tse peli. Ha ho lits'oants'o tsa bohlokoa lipakeng tsa boima ba IGD le QEEG li fumanoe. Bangoli ba khothalelitse hore matla a beta a tlase e kanna ea ba letšoao la IGD le hore IGD e ne e arohane ka tsela e fapaneng le AUD.

Thutong e entsoeng ke Park et al. (), bangoli ba hlokometse hore IGD hangata e khothatsoa ka ho fokola ka lebaka la phokotso ea kelello (ADHD). Ba sebelisa li-electroencephalogram tse ngata (QEEG) ba bapisitse lihlopha tse tharo tsa bacha: banna ba nang le ADHD le IGD (n = 16), ADHD-monna feela (n = 15), le sehlopha sa taolo (n = 15). Har'a tse ling tsa liphumano, liphetho li bonts'itse ha ho bapisoa le sehlopha sa ADHD-feela, sehlopha sa (i) IGD / ADHD se ne se na le matla a tlase a "delta" le matla a kopaneng a beta libakeng tsa nakoana, (ii) litekanyetso tsa khokahano ea intra-hemispheric bakeng sa lihlopha pakeng tsa P4 –E2 li-electrodes (ke hore, delta, theta, alpha, le lihlopha tsa beta) li ne li phahame ho sehlopha sa IGD / ADHD, le (iii) litekanyetso tsa khokahano ea methapo ea methapo bakeng sa sehlopha sa theta pakeng tsa Fz-Cz le T4-T6 li-electrode li ne li phahame ho IGD / Sehlopha sa ADHD. Bangoli ba phethile ka hore bacha ba ADHD ba bonahala ba tsoela pele ho bapala livideo tsa inthanete ho ntlafatsa tsebo ea tlhokomelo ba sa tsebe. Ba boetse ba re "ts'ebetso e pheta-pheto ea moputso oa boko le lits'ebetso tsa ho hopola nakong ea papali e tsoelang pele e ka baka keketseho ea khokahano ea methapo kahare ho likarolo tsa parieto-occipital le tsa nakoana bakeng sa sehlopha sa ADHD / IGD ” (leq. 514).

Youh et al. () e hlokometse hore IGD e kopane le lefu le leholo la khatello ea maikutlo (MDD). Phuputsong e sebelisang QEEG, ba bapisitse liphapang tsa neurobiological lipakeng tsa MDD ntle le comorbidity (MDD-feela; n = 15) le MDD comorbid e nang le IGD (MDD + IGD; n = 14). Li-coherences tsa EEG li ile tsa lekanngoa li sebelisa Sesebelisoa sa EEG sa 21-chate mme se kopantsoe ho lekola li-synchrony lipakeng tsa maqhubu a alpha le beta pakeng tsa li-site tsa li-electrode tsa 12. Liphetho li bonts'itse ha li bapisoa le tse nang le boleng ba khokahano ea MDD-feela (i) pakeng tsa li-alpha pakeng tsa li-electrode tsa Fp1-Fp2 li ne li le tlase haholo ho ba nang le IGD, (ii) intra-hemispatic boleng ba khokahano ea alpha band pakeng tsa P3 –E1 li-electrodes li ne li phahame ho ba nang le IGD, le (iii) litekanyetso tsa ho momahana tsa methapo ea methapo bakeng sa sehlopha sa beta pakeng tsa F8-T4, T6-O2, le li-electrodes tsa P4-O2 li ne li phahame ho ba nang le IGD. Bangoli ba phethile ka hore lipapali tsa marang-rang tse fetelletseng li ka lebisa ho ho eketseha ha likhokahanyo tsa intra-hemisphere libakeng tsa fronto-temporo-parieto-occipital.

Papatso ea papali ea chelete (e fapakaneng)

E 'ngoe ea lithuto tse sa tloaelehang ho feta ho hlahloba IGD ka EEG ke thuto e entsoeng ke Peng et al. () ea ileng a hlahloba tšebetso e sa bonahaleng ea sefahleho har'a ba nang le IGD. Bangoli ba re "IGD e tšoauoa ka litšitiso puisanong ea sechaba le ho qoba ho ikamahanya le sechaba. Ho lokisa sefahleho ke motheo oa puisano sechabeng ” (leq. 1). Ka lebaka leo, ba ile ba fuputsa hore na ba nang le IGD ba etsa sefahleho joang. Ho hlahloba liphapang lipakeng tsa ts'ebetso ea sefahleho e hlahisitsoeng ka mokhoa o sa reroang (o thabile, o sa nke lehlakore, o hloname) le ERPs, tse nang le IGD (n = 16) le lits'ebetso li nkile karolo mosebetsing oa masking o ka morao. Liphumano li bonts'itse ba nang le IGD ba ne ba lieha ho feta taolo ha ba arabela maemong a bohloko le a ho se nke lehlakore maemong a utloisang bohloko. Liphetho tsa ERP li bonts'a ba nang le IGD e bonts'itsoeng "ho fokotsehile hoa likarolo tsa ERP N170 (letšoao la ts'ebetso ea sefahleho sa pele) ho araba mantsoe a se nke lehlakore ha ho bapisoa le mantsoe a thabo a maemong a hlakileng a ho se nke lehlakore, a ka bang teng ka lebaka la litebello tsa bona tsa litaba tse ntle tsa maikutlo " (leq. 1). Ts'ebetso e bonts'itse maqhubu a tšoanang a N170 ha a araba lipolelo tse soabisang le tse sa nke lehlakore moelelong oa polelo e utloisang bohloko, le lipuo tse monate le tse sa nke lehlakore maemong a polelo a thabisang-a sa nke lehlakore. Bangoli ba phethile hore ba nang le IGD ba na le mekhabiso e fapaneng ea sefahleho e sa tsebeng letho ho bapisoa le taolo e tloaelehileng.

Ho hlahloba lithuto tse leshome tsa EEG ka kakaretso, ha ho tšoane hofe ho lithutong tsohle tsa 10 ntle le hore kaofela li na le mehlala e menyenyane ea sampole mme kaofela ba fumane phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa ba nang le IGD le lihlopha tsa taolo mabapi le li-variable (s) tse shebiloeng. Lithuto tse peli tse tlalehiloeng tse nang le IGD li ne li na le thibelo e tlase ho bapisoa le taolo (, ) empa ntle le sena, ha ho na lithuto tse ling tse bapisoang le mefuta e ts'oanang hoo ho ka phethoang ho tsoa lithutong tsa EEG.

Puisano

Patlisiso ea li-correlates tsa neurobiological ho IGD e bohlokoa haholo-holo ho latela tšehetso ea Setsi sa Naha sa Mental Health (NIMH) bakeng sa ho theha litekanyetso tsa taolo ea lipatlisiso tse ipapisitseng le mathata a kelello a lokelang ho aroloa mme a ka fana ka tharollo lipuisanong tse tsoelang pele lebaleng la IGD [ mohlala, ()]. IGD neuroimaging ke tšimo ea nascent e ntseng e tsoela pele ka lebelo le leholo, e ileng ea hlakisoa ke tlhahlobo ea hona joale. Ha ho kopanngoa hammoho, lithuto tsa fMRI le rsfMRI tse hlahisitsoeng li bonts'a ho bonahala ho na le phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa taolo e phetseng hantle le batho ba nang le IGD. Boithuto bo kenyellelitsoeng bo fana ka maikutlo a hore papali ea papali ea papali ea chelete e na le karabelo e mpe haholoanyane ea ho araba le ho laola maikutlo, ho hloka ts'ebetso ea PFC le taolo ea kelello, ts'ebetso e mpe ea ho sebetsa le ho etsa liqeto, ho fokotseha ts'ebetso ea pono le ho utloahala, le bofokoli tsamaisong ea bona ea moputso oa methapo. Lits'oaetso tsena li tšoana le tse fumanoang ho batho ba nang le lithethefatsi tse amanang le lithethefatsi, ba fana ka maikutlo a hore lithahasello tse amanang le lithethefatsi le litloaelo li arolelana mabaka a tloaelehileng a tlatsetso 'me e kanna ea ba karolo ea tlhekefetso ea ho lemalla., ). Mohlala, lipatlisiso maemong a tlhekefetso ea joala li fumane hore maqhubu a P300 a fokotsehile ho batho ba nang le kotsi ea liphatsa tsa lefutso bakeng sa joala (, ). Sena se ka fana ka tlhahiso ea hore liphumano tse tšoanang tse nang le li-amplople tsa P300 tse fokotsehileng ho batho ba nang le IGD li na le kotsi e phahameng ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ho nts'etsapele mathata a amanang le bokhoba. Ka lebaka leo, lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang li hloka ho lekola likotsi tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso bakeng sa ho nts'etsapele mathata a amanang le IGD ho netefatsa moelelo o joalo. Leha ho le joalo, lithutong tsa fMRI le rsfMRI, ha ho liphapang tse fumanoeng taolong ea tlhokomelo le liphoso pakeng tsa batho ba IGD le taolo e phetseng hantle. Ntle le moo, ho ile ha fumanoa tšebetso e eketsehileng ea boko ho batho ba lemaletseng papali e amanang le taolo e phetseng hantle, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore ho na le tšebelisano-'moto e tsamaeang le maikutlo ho IGD. Patlisiso ea morao-rao e bonts'a hore lipapali tsa kamehla li ka ba le melemo ea kalafo mme papali e ka sebelisoa ho ntlafatsa tsebo e fapaneng ea kelello le makoloi, mme e sebelisoa ka katleho koetlisong ea litsebi, joalo ka masole le lingaka tse buoang ().

Leha ho bile le liphallelo tse ngata tse fanoeng ke lithuto tsa neuroimaging mabapi le IGD, likheo tse 'maloa tse ka fokolisang boits'epo ba liphetho tsa lithuto tsena li hloka ho hlakisoa. Ha boholo ba lithuto tsena e le likarolo, ha ho khonehe ho netefatsa likamano pakeng tsa IGD le likarolo tse fetotsoeng bokong tse tlalehiloeng lithuto tsena kaofela, haholo lithuto tsa VBM. Patlisiso ea nako e tlang e lokela ho amohela meralo e meng ea lipatlisiso e thusang ho hlola mefokolo ena. Mohlala, lithuto tse tsoelang pele li hlokahala ho utloisisa likarolo tsa likarolo tse fetotsoeng tsa boko mochining oa IGD. Ntle le sena, lithuto tse ling li ka una molemo mefuteng e meholo ea sampole, kaha lithuto tse hlahlobiloeng haufinyane li ne li lekanyelitsoe ho palo ea barupeluoa ba kenyelelitsoeng. Bothata bo bong bo tsebahalang lithutong tsena ke tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo ea inthanete tse akaretsang ho lekola IGD [bona (), bakeng sa tlhahlobo mabapi le sehlooho]. Kamora nako, mathata a mang a maholo a kelello a ile a qheleloa ka thoko lithutong tse ngata tsa VBM, ka hona ho na le moeli o itseng mabapi le ho akaretsa liphetho ho li-IGD tse nang le mathata a mang a tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi kapa mafu a kelello.

Ntle le moo, EEG e sebelisoa hangata maemong a liteko ka lebaka la tlhaho ea eona e sa hlaseleng le e sa utloahaleng. Matla a mang a bohlokoa a lithuto tsa EEG ke hore kaofela ke liteko tse laoloang ka thata tsa laboratori tse ka bonts'ang likamano tsa causal lipakeng tsa lintho tse hlahlobiloeng. Ka kakaretso, liphumano tsa EEG li bonts'a hore ha ho bapisoa le lihlopha tsa taolo, batho ba lemaletseng lipapali, ba fokotse matla a P300 le ho eketseha ha P300 latency (ho bonts'a kabo ea tlhokomelo). Phapang ena e fana ka maikutlo a hore ba nang le IGD ba na le bothata ba ho tsepamisa maikutlo kapa ba sitoa ho beha tlhokomelo e lekaneng. Liphumano tsa lithuto tsena li boetse li bonahala li tšoana le lithuto tsa EEG tse hlahlobang litheko tse ling tsa setso, joalo ka joala le cocaine [mohlala, (-)]. Leha ho le joalo, bo bong ba bofokoli ba mantlha lipatlisisong tsa EEG ke hore ha e khone ho fana ka leseli lefe kapa lefe ka kotloloho lits'ebetsong tsa phetisetso ea boko ha ho lekola ts'ebetso ea boko.

Ha ho hlahlojoa li-electrophysiological correlates tsa ts'ebeliso e mpe ea Marang-rang, D'Hondt et al. () e hlokometse hore ts'ebeliso e mpe ea marang-rang e atisang ho kenyelletsa papali e amana haholo le phokotso ea taolo ea thibelo le keketseho ea ntlafatso ea lintlha tse ncha. Lingolo tsa EEG li bonts'a "hore liphuputso tse ngata li fumane hore bokhoni ba boitšoaro bo sa laoleheng (ho re, ho inhibition le ho lekola liphoso) bo amana le libaka tse ka pele tse sa sebetseng ho basebelisi ba marang-rang ba nang le mathata ”. (leq. 64). Ntle le moo, ba hlokometse hore lithuto tse ling tsa EEG sebakeng seo li bonts'a liphetoho molemong oa maikutlo a susumetsang maikutlo le a amanang le inthanete, a fana ka maikutlo a hore "li-system tse bonts'ang (tse holimo-tlase) le tse ikatisang / tse fumanehang (tse tlase-tlase), tse hlahisoang ke mehlala e momahaneng e le tsona tse ikemiselitseng ho etsa liqeto, ha li na botsitso har'a [basebelisi ba marang-rang ba nang le mathata ” (leq. 64). Ka kakaretso, lithuto tsa hona joale tsa EEG li lumellana le liqeto tsena hobane lithuto tsa EEG tse hlahlojoang karolong ena li bontša hore kelello ea ba nang le IGD e bonahala e sa sebetse hantle ts'ebetsong ea tlhahisoleseling le thibelo ea karabo ha e bapisoa le taolo. Ka lebaka leo, batho ba joalo ba na le taolo e tlase ea tšusumetso, ba sebelisa lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa tlhaiso-leseling ho phethela mesebetsi e itseng, 'me ho bonahala eka ha ba na taolo e phahameng ea taolo, hape ba bontša ho tšoana le litlolo tse ling tsa setso.).

Ka kakaretso, lithuto tse hlahisitsoeng li fana ka maikutlo a hore ho kanna ha ba le pathophysiology e itseng ea IGD, ho ts'ehetsa ts'ehetso ea NIMH ea ho sebelisa litekanyetso tsa RDoC bakeng sa ho fumana mafu a kelello (). Patlisiso ea nako e tlang e lokela ho shebisisa ho pheta liphumano tse tlalehiloeng maemong a fapaneng a setso, ho ts'ehetsa motheo oa neurobiological oa ho khetholla IGD le mathata a amanang le ona.

Menehelo ea Mongoli

DK e lekotse, e sekasekile le ho ngola likarolo tsa fMRI le rsfMRI mme e ngotse kenyelletso, mekhoa le puisano. MG e lekotse, e sekasekile le ho ngola karolo eo ho EEG mme e kentse letsoho ho e ngotsoeng ka botlalo. HP e lekotse, e hlahlobile le ho ngola likarolo ho VBM le PET mme e kentse letsoho ho eona.

Khohlano ea polelo ea thahasello

Bangoli ba bolela hore lipatlisiso li ne li etsoa ka ho se be le likamano leha e le life tsa khoebo kapa tsa lichelete tse ka nkoang e le khohlano e ka 'nang ea e-ba le thahasello.

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