Li-neurophysiological correlates tsa ho arabela ho fetola ho thibela bothata ba ho bapala Inthaneteng le boloetse bo feteletseng ba ho qobella ho etsa lintho: Mehopolo ea ho se ts'oane le ho qobella (2017)

Sci Rep. 2017 Jan 30; 7: 41742. Doi: 10.1038 / srep41742.

Kim M1, Lee TH2, Choi JS1,3, Kwak YB2, Hwang WJ2, Kim T2, Lee JY3,4, Lim JA3, Park M3, Kim YJ3, Kim SN1, Kim DJ5, Kwon JS1,2,4.

Lipuo tsa Scientific 7Nomoro ea sengoloa: 41742 (2017)

Doi: 10.1038 / srep41742

inahaneloang

Leha mathata a lipapali tsa marang-rang (IGD) le pherekano e fetelletseng (OCD) li emetse liphello tse fapaneng tsa maemo le lits'usumetso, mathata ana a mabeli a arolelana bofokoli bo tloaelehileng ba ts'ebetso ea kutlo mabapi le karabo ea karabelo. Leha ho le joalo, ho tšoana le ho se tšoane ka litšobotsi tsa methapo ea kutlo tse fetotsoeng karabo lipakeng tsa IGD le OCD ha li so ka li fuputsoa ka ho lekana. Ka kakaretso, bakuli ba 27 ba nang le IGD, bakuli ba 24 ba nang le OCD, le lithuto tsa bophelo bo botle ba 26 (HC) ba nkile karolo mosebetsing oa Go / NoGo ka lirekoto tsa electroencephalographic. Li-complexes tsa N2-P3 tse hlahelletseng nakong ea boemo ba Go le NoGo li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka thoko 'me tsa bapisoa pakeng tsa maemo le lihlopha. NoGo-N2 latency e sebakeng se bohareng sa elektrone e ile ea liehisoa sehlopheng sa IGD se bapisoa le sehlopha sa HC mme sa ikamahanya hantle le ho teba ha bokhoba ba papali ea inthanete le ho se ts'oenyehe. Ha ho na amplitude ea NoGo-N2 setsing sa pele sa li-electrode e ne e le nyane ho bakuli ba OCD ho feta ho bakuli ba IGD. Liphumano tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore nako e telele ea NoGo-N2 latency e ka sebetsa e le letšoao la tšusumetso ea mekhoa ho IGD mme ea fokotsoa ke NoGo-N2 amplitude e kanna ea ba karohano ea methapo ea kutlo lipakeng tsa OCD ho tloha IGD mabapi le ho qobelloa. Re fana ka tlaleho ea pele ea karohano ea methapo ea kutlo ea IGP le OCD, eo e ka bang moemeli oa lihlahisoa bakeng sa ho potlaka le ho qobelloa.

Selelekela

Ntle le nalane, mefuta ea lihlopha tsa mafu a mafu a kelello e behile mathata le mathata a teng maemong a mang a fapaneng.1. Matšoenyeho a mangata a susumetsang ke lits'oaetso tse lemalloang, tse kang ho ts'oaroa hoa marang-rang (PG) kapa ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa, tse bonts'ang boitšoaro bo behang kotsing bakeng sa ho ikholisa kapele joalo ka tšobotsi ea mantlha.2,3. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, bokuli bo fetelletseng (OCD) bo nkuoe e le mofuta oa bohlasoa o matla ka ho fetesisa hobane ho lumeloa hore likhothaletso ho OCD ke li-stereotypic, hangata ke li-dysteric, 'me li tsepamisitse maikutlo phephetsong e mpe.4,5. Ntle le sena, litlaleho tsa morao-rao li shebile ho tšoana pakeng tsa mathata a ho qobelloa le a qobelloang, joalo ka bofokoli ba karabelo ea karabelo, ho potoloha ha boko, le li-comorbidities, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore ho potlaka le ho qobelloa ke lintlha tsa orthogonal tseo motho ka mong a kenyang letsoho, ho isa maemong a fapaneng, maemong a fapaneng a kelello.6,7. Ho tloha ntlheng ena ea pono, American Psychiatric Association e fane ka sehlopha se secha sa bonohe-se qobelloang le se amanang le mathata (OCRD) karolong ea Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ea Mathata a kelello, 5th khatiso (DSM-5), moo ho ts'oanang ho ts'oanang ho fapaneng le liphapang tsa mathata a nang le khatello le ho qobelloa ho ka bapisoang le ho feta ho tsoa lipatlisisong tse fapaneng6.

Bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete (IGD) bo khetholloa e le tšibollo ea boitšoaro, bo khetholloang ka ho se khone ho laola ts'ebeliso ea papali ea marang-rang ho sa tsotelloe ts'ebetsong e tšoanang, le papali ea chelete ho PG8,9. Ka tumello ea inthanete le kholo e potlakileng indastering ea lipapali tsa lipapali, batho ba nang le IGD ba eketsehile ka palo mme ba bontšitse litšekamelo tse lebisang ho li-comorbidities tse fapaneng tsa kelello.10,11,12,13. Ho bonts'a thahasello ea kliniki e hlahang ho IGD, karolo ea 3 ea DSM-5 (Mehato e Potlakileng le Mehlala) e kenyelelitse boemo bona, hammoho le lethathamo la lintlha tsa tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo ho khothaletsa lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang14. Ho susumetsa le ho se atlehe ha taolo ea thibelo ho IGD ho khothalelitsoe ho sebelisa mekhoa e fapaneng, e kang boits'oaro, mekhoa ea elektroniki le tšebeliso ea methapo ea kutlo.15,16,17. Ho sitisoe karabo e sa senyeheng ho boetse ho tlalehiloe ho OCD, ho latela ts'ebetso ea matšoao a matla le ho hloka taolo ea holimo le tlase.18,19. Liphoso tsa ho thibela karabo li ka bakoa ke likarabo tse fapaneng tsa neural, ho latela tšusumetso kapa ho qobelloa, ho khothaletso e arolelanoeng ea ho etsa ketso e itseng20,21. Kahoo, ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa (neurobiological correlate (s)) tsa liphetoho tse fetotsoeng tse arohaneng ho IGD le OCD ho ka ba molemo ho utloisiseng karolo ea ho kenella le ho qobelloa ha mafu a kelello.

Karolo ea N2 le P3 tse amanang le liketsahalo (ERP) tse amanang le liketsahalo tsa Go / NoGo li thathamisitsoe e le lingoloa tsa methapo ea kutlo ea methapo ea kutlo22. Bathong ba phetseng hantle, ho thibela karabelo moqoqong oa NoGo ho hlahisa N2-P3 e kholo ho feta ha e arabela ts'usumetso ea Go, e bonts'ang hore NoGo-N2 le -P3 li bonts'a ts'ebetso ea taolo ea thibelo23. Patlisiso e fetileng e khothalelitse hore NoGo-N2 e bonts'a mohato oa pele oa taolo ea thibelo kapa koluoa24,25,26. Karolo e ngoe ea ERP, NoGo-P3, e kanna ea emela karolo ea morao ea ts'ebetso ea inhibitory kahara likarolo tsohle tsa kutloisiso le tsa makoloi27,28. Mabapi le likarolo tsohle tsa NoGo-N2 le -P3 lithutong tse phetseng hantle, ho khothalelitsoe amplitude e le lets'oao la thibelo e atlehileng kapa boiteko bo potlakileng bo hlokahalang ho thibela karabelo, 'me ho nahanoe hore tšebeliso ea morao-rao e le ho bonts'a phetoho ea morao-rao.22,29.

Leha ho bile le lithuto tse 'maloa mabapi le thibelo ea karabo ho IGD u sebelisa paradigm ea Go / NoGo, liphetho ha lia ka tsa lumellana lithutong tsohle. Lithuto tse peli li khothalelitse hore li-amplople tsa marang-rang tsa NoGo-N2 tse sebelisang marang-rang tse ngata li fokotsoe, mohlomong ka lebaka la phello ea ho nka lehlakore ha sephetho se amanang le sona. Leha ho le joalo, kaha ha ho litlatsetso tse ileng tsa bonoa pakeng tsa amplitude ea NoGo-N2 le mokhoa o mong le o mong oa ho potlaka ho lithutong tsena, matšoao a ho susumetsoa ha tšobotsi lithutong tsa IGD ha hoa ka ha tsejoa17,30. Ho fapana le hoo, liphuputso tse ling tse peli li tlalehiloe ho eketseha ha litefiso tsa NoGo-N2 ho libapali tse fetelletseng kapa basebelisi ba li-smartphone mme ba toloka sephetho e le phello e matlafatsang ea ho se atlehe ha karabelo ea karabo31,32. Ho se lumellane hona ho kanna ha bakoa ke ho fapana ha mathata a mosebetsi hara lithuto, tse tsejoang hore li na le tšusumetso ntlheng ea phetoho ea amplitude ea NoGo-N2 (ke hore, e ntlafalitsoeng kapa e fokotsehile)33. Mabapi le NoGo-P3, ke thuto feela ea Dong et al a. e tlaleha phapang ea bohlokoa ea sehlopha ho ammplit ea NoGo-P3 le latency17. Boithuto ba ErP bo fetileng ho bakuli ba OCD ba sebelisang mesebetsi ea Go / NoGo kapa Stop Signal Tasks (SST) bo ile ba lekola kamano lipakeng tsa thibelo ea karabelo le ho qobelloa. Kim et al a. e bonts'itse hore litefiso tsa NoGo-N2 libakeng tsa fronto-bohareng li fokotsoe 'me li ne li amana hampe le matšoao a boima18. Phuputsong e 'ngoe, Hermann et al a. e bontšitse hore bakuli ba OCD ba fokotse tšebetso ea ka pele nakong ea boemo ba NoGo, le hore ho anya kantle ho marang-rang ho ne ho tsamaellana hampe le lintlha tsa Yale-Brown tse mamellang maemo (Y-BOCS)34. Johannes et al a., ka lehlakoreng le leng, o fumane hore amplitude ea Stop-N2 e eketsehile ho bakuli ba OCD nakong ea ts'ebetso ea SST35. Ntle le moo, Lei et al a. tlaleha hore ho eketseha ha boemo ba Stop-N2 e ne e le tšobotsi e akaretsang ho bakuli ba OCD ho sa natsoe matšoao le ho se lumellane le ho teba ha matšoao a OC36.

Leha ho na le tjantjello e ntseng e hola ea ho tsebahatsa mekhoa ea ho hlaseloa ha pathophysiological le neurobiological ea IGD le OCD mabapi le ts'usumetso ea maikutlo le ts'usumetso, ha ho thuto ho fihlela joale e bapisitseng ka kotlolloho (s) ea neurophysiological correlate (s) ea karabo ea karabo ho IGD khahlanong le OCD. Ho feta moo, lithuto tse kenyelletsang lithuto tsa IGD li tlalehiloe liphetho tse sa lumellaneng, tse ka bang ka lebaka la phapang ea ho rarahana ha mesebetsi har'a lithuto; ho feta moo, ha ho setšoantšo sa bohlokoa sa neurophysiological sa ts'usumetso e fumanoeng17,30,31,32. Phuputsong ea morao-rao, re fuputse ho tšoana le ho se tšoane ho karabo ea IGD le OCD nakong ea ts'ebetso ea mosebetsi oa Go / NoGo. Re lekantse likarolo tsa boits'oaro le tsa methapo ea kutlo ho thibelo ea karabo 'me re sebelisitse mesebetsi ea boima bo lekanang sehlopheng ka seng ho laola sephetho se ka bang le mathata a mesebetsi karabong ea ERP. Re qalile ka ho bua ka maikutlo a hore batho ba nang le IGD le bakuli ba nang le OCD ba tla bonts'a bofokoli bo tšoanang ba karabo ea karabo, joalo ka ha bo bontšoa ke ts'ebetso ea boits'oaro. Taba ea bobeli, re ne re lebelletse hore ho hloleha taolong ea inhibitory, ho IGD kapa OCD, ho amana le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa methapo pakeng tsa mafu a amanang le ho qobelloa le ho qobelloa.

Results

Demographic, litšobotsi tsa kliniki, le datha tsa boits'oaro tsa Go-NoGo

Ha rea ​​fumana phapang ea bohlokoa ho sehlopha sa thobalano, ho fana, IQ, kapa thuto (Lethathamo 1). Lintlha ho IAT (F2,72 = 24.702, p <0.001), BIS-11 (F2,72 = 4.209, p = 0.019), BDI (F2,72 = 11.557, p <0.001), le BAI (F2,72 = 10.507, p = 0.001) li ne li fapane haholo har'a lihlopha. Barupeluoa ba nang le IGD ba bontšitse lintlha tse holimo ho IAT, bakuli ba OCD ba ne ba le lipakeng, 'me lihlooho tsa taolo ea bophelo bo botle (HC) li bonts'a lintlha tse tlase haholo (IGD vs. HC, p <0.001, IGD vs. OCD, p <0.001, OCD vs. HC, leq = 0.028). Ts'oaetso, joalo ka ha e ngotsoe ke lintlha tsa BIS-11, e ne e phahame sehlopheng sa IGD ho feta sehlopheng sa HC (p = 0.019). Leha ho le joalo, liphapang lipakeng tsa BIS-11 li ne li se bohlokoa lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsa HC le OCD (p = 0.106), kapa lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsa IGD le OCD (p = 0.826). Litaba ka bobeli tsa IGD le OCD li bonts'itse matšoao a tebileng a khatello ea maikutlo le matšoenyeho, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ke BDI (IGD vs. HC, p = 0.006, OCD vs. HC, p <0.001) le BAI (IGD vs. HC, p = 0.020, OCD vs HC, p <0.001), ho feta li-HC.

Lethathamo la 1: Litemoso tsa batho, litsobotsi tsa kliniki, le boitšoaro ba Go / NoGo.

Tafole e boholo bo felletseng

Li-RTs tekong ea Go li ne li sa fapana haholo hara lihlopha. Leha sehlopha sa IGD se ile sa arabela ka potlako ho feta, mme sehlopha sa OCD butle butle, ho feta lihlopha tse ling tse peli, ha ho khethollo ea bohlokoa ea lipalo e ileng ea bonoa. Leha ho le joalo, ER tekong ea NoGo (liphoso tsa khomishene) e fapane haholo hara lihlopha (F = 4.242, p = 0.018); li-HC li bonts'itse ER e tlase ho feta barupeluoa ba IGD (p = 0.031) le OCD (p = 0.044).

Litla-morao tsa ERP le latitude

Setšoantšo sa 1 e bonts'a li-waveform tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa ERP libakeng tsa li-electrode tsa Fz, Cz, le Pz. Ho bile le litlamorao tsa bohlokoa tsa boemo ba inhibitory (Go / NoGo) ho N2 amplitude (F1,74 = 59.594, p <0.001) le latency (F1,74 = 6.902, p = 0.010), le bophahamong ba P3 (F1,74 = 48.469, p <0.001) le latency (F1,74 = 4.229, p = 0.043). Ho ne ho se na sehlopha sa bohlokoa ka tšitiso ea tšebelisano ea maemo a thibelo ho bophahamo ba N2 (F1,74 = 2.628, p = 0.079) kapa latency (F1,74 = 2.071, p = 0.133), kapa ho P3 amplitude (F1,74 = 0.030, p = 0.971) kapa latency (F1,74 = 0.681, p = 0.509). Ho joalo, lihlopha tsohle tse tharo li bonts'itse kholo ea N2 le P3 amplitudes, le N2 le P3 latency tse telele ho NoGo ho feta litekong tsa Go. Mehato e phetoang ANOVA e nang le sebaka sa elektrode (li-electrode tse tšeletseng tse bohareng ba li-electrode tsa N2 le li-electrode tsa centro-parietal tse tšeletseng bakeng sa P3) joalo ka ha e le karolo ea sehlooho le sehlopha (IGD / OCD / HC) e le sesosa sa lipakeng tsa lithuto tse senolang phello ea bohlokoa ea sehlopha ho NoGo-N2 latency (F2,74 = 3.880, e sa nepisoang p = 0.025). Kamora ho sebelisa khalemelo ea Bonferroni bakeng sa li-ANOVA tse ngata tse phetoang khafetsa, phello e kholo ea sehlopha ho NoGo-latency e bonts'itse bohlokoa ba boemo ba boemo bo bonts'ang phello ea lipakeng (e lokisitsoe p = 0.100). Ho bile le phello e kholo sebakeng sa elektrode ho NoGo-N2 latency (F5,70 = 17.652, p <0.001) le molumo oa NoGo-N2 (F5,70 = 16.364, p <0.001). A post hoc Teko ea Bonferroni e bonts'itse hore NoGo-N2 latency e ne e leletsoa ka nako e telele lithutong tsa IGD (p = 0.025) ha e bapisoa le ea HCs, athe ha ho na phapang pakeng tsa lihlopha tsa IGD le OCD (p = 1.000) kapa lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsa OCD le HC (p = 0.191). Ha ho na phello ea bohlokoa ea sehlopha e boneng ho a mang a mang a mang (Go-N2 amplitude, F2,74 = 0.152, p = 0.859, latency ea Go-N2, F2,74 = 1.860, p = 0.163, bophahamo ba Go-P3, F2,74 = 0.134, p = 0.875, Go-P3 latency, F2,74 = 3.880, p = 0.025, bophahamo ba NoGo-N2, F2,74 = 2.111, p = 0.128, bophahamo ba NoGo-P3, F2,74 = 0.057, p = 0.945, NoGo-P3 latency, F2,74 = 1.927, leq = 0.153). Lethathamo 2 e akaretsa mekhoa (li-deviations tse tloaelehileng) tsa Go- and NoGo-N2 amplitudes le latitude sebakeng se seng le se seng sa li-electrode, le sephetho sa papiso. Bakuli ba nang le OCD ba bontsitse li-amplopes tsa NoGo-N2 tse fokotsehileng ho F2 ha li bapisoa le batho ba nang le IGD, kamora khalemelo ea Bonferroni (e sa nepahalang p = 0.006, lokisa p = 0.036). Ho ne ho se na phapang ea sehlopha ho ammplitting ea NoGo-N2 ho F2 pakeng tsa lihlopha tsa IGD le HC (p = 0.469) kapa pakeng tsa lihlopha tsa OCD le HC (p = 0.123). Lethathamo 3 e hlahisa mekhoa (li-deviations tse tloaelehileng) tsa Go- and NoGo-P3 amplitudes le latitude sebakeng se seng le se seng sa li-electrode, le sephetho sa papiso. Ha ho bapisoa le li-HCs, bakuli ba OCD ba bonts'a lits'oants'o tse telele tsa Go-P3 setsing sa elektrone ea C1 (e sa nepahalang p = 0.024, e hlophisitsoe p = 0.144), ha lithuto tse nang le IGD li bonts'a nako e telele ea Go-P3 ho P1 (p = 0.028 e sa nepahalang, ho lokisoa p = 0.168) le li-latitude tsa NoGo-P3 ho Cz (uncorrected p = 0.029, fixated p = 0.174). Leha ho le joalo, liphapang tsena tsa lipalo ha li a ka tsa phela kamora khalemelo ea Bonferroni.

Setšoantšo sa 1: Liphetoho tse amanang le liketsahalo tse amanang le liketsahalo tse kholo tse amanang le liketsahalo tsa Go / NoGo ho pholletsa le lihlopha tsena tse tharo libakeng tsa li-electrode tsa Fz, Cz le Pz.

Setšoantšo sa 1

Setšoantšo se felletseng

Lethathamo la 2: Ho bapisoa ha litefiso tsa Go / Nogo-N2 le li latitude ho tsoa lihlopha tse tharo.

Tafole e boholo bo felletseng

Lethathamo la 3: Papiso ea litefiso tsa Go / Nogo-P3 li-latitude le latitude ho tsoa lihlopha tse tharo.

Tafole e boholo bo felletseng

Tlhahlobo ea likamano

Tlhahlobo ea amanang le pearson ea Pearson e etselitsoe NoGo-N2 latency ho Cz, NoGo-N2 latency ho C2, lintlha tsa IAT, lintlha tsa BIS-11 sehlopheng sa IGD; bakeng sa nalane ea NoGo-N2 ho F2, lintlha tsa Y-BOCS ka kakaretso, lintlha tsa ho phahama le lintlha tse qobelloang sehlopheng sa OCD. Kamano ea bohlokoa pakeng tsa NoGo-N2 latency ho Cz le lintlha tsa IAT (r = 0.452, p = 0.018) le lintlha tsa BIS-11 (r = 0.393, p = 0.043) li fumanoe sehlopheng sa IGD (Feie. 2). NoGo-N2 latency ho C2 e tsamaellane le lintlha tsa IAT (r = 0.057, p = 0.777) kapa BIS-11 lintlha (r = 0.170, p = 0.398) sehlopheng sa IGD. Sehlopheng sa OCD, ha ho kamano e bohlokoa e fumanoeng pakeng tsa amplitude ea NoGo-N2 ho F2 le Y-BOCS kakaretso (r = −0.192, p = 0.370), lintlha tsa ho tsitsa (r = −0.252, p = 0.235), kapa lintlha tsa ho qobelloa (r = −0.091, p = 0.674).

Setšoantšo sa 2: Correlation ea NoGo-N2 latency setsing sa li-electrode tsa Cz e nang le lintlha tse ngata phetolelong ea Korea ea Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT) le Barratt Impulsiveness Scale version 11 (BIS-11) ho batho ba nang le bothata ba lipapali tsa marang-rang.

Setšoantšo sa 2

Setšoantšo se felletseng

Puisano

Ho tsebo ea rona, hona ke phuputso ea pele e tlalehiloeng ea li-transpates tse fapaneng tsa methapo ea kutlo ea IGP le OCD. Ha hypothesized, IGD le barupeluoa ba OCD ba bonts'itse li-ER tse eketsehang maemong a NoGo (liphoso tsa khomishene), tse bonts'a hore lihlopha tsa IGD le OCD li bonts'itse mathata a karabo ea maemo a boitšoaro. Mabapi le lipatlisiso tsa methapo ea kutlo, lihlopha tsohle tse tharo li bonts'itse li-amplople tse kholo tsa N2-P3 le li-latitude tsa N2-P3 tse telele ho NoGo ho feta boemo ba Go. Ho liehisoa ha NoGo-N2 latency sebakeng se bohareng ho fumanoe sehlopheng sa IGD se bapisoa le li-HC tse nang le sepheo se bohareng, 'me sa ikamahanya hantle le taolo e mpe ea papali ea inthanete le litheko tse potlakileng. Amplitude ea NoGo-N2 sebakeng sa pele e ile ea fokotsoa ho bakuli ba OCD le batho ba IGD; leha ho le joalo, khokahano pakeng tsa maqhubu a NoGo-N2 sebakeng sa pele le ho tsitsipana ha matšoao ho ne ho sa bohlokoa.

E lumellana le lithuto tsa pejana, lithuto tsa IGD li bonts'itse maemo a phahameng haholo a ho ts'oaroa, joalo ka ha ho tlalehiloe ke lintlha tsa BIS-11, hara lihlopha37,38. Latency ea N2-P3 tataisong ea NoGo e nkoa e le tlhoko ea kelello e hlokoang ho lekola likarabo le ho thibela likarabo ka katleho29. Benikos et al a. tlalehiloe hore nalane ea NoGo-N2 e ntlafalitsoe ka boima ba mesebetsi le boikitlaetso bo potlakileng ba ho thibela likarabo33. Ho boetse ho bontšitsoe hore maemo a kelello a kelello a nang le ts'usumetso e phahameng, joalo ka ho haelloa ke tlhokomelo le khatello ea maikutlo, ho senyeha ha botho ba moeli, le psychopathy, ponts'o e fetotsoeng NoGo N2-P339,40,41. Phuputsong ea hona joale, amplitude ea NoGo-N2 e ne e le kholo ho batho ba IGD ho feta ho bakuli ba OCD, a fana ka tlhahiso ea hore leha ho e-na le bofokoli ba taolo ea taolo ea ho thibela pelehi, ho na le phapang lipapaling tsa methapo ea kutlo le ho qobella lipakeng tsa batho bana ba babeli. Ntle le moo, NoGo-N2 latency ho batho ba IGD e ile ea lieha ho bapisoa le eo ho lithuto tsa HC, ho bonts'a hore lithuto tsa IGD li ne li thatafalloa ke karabelo ea ho araba mohato oa pele, ka hona li hloka lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa tlhahlobo-leseling. Ntle le moo, ho teba ha IGD le ho ts'oaroa ho amana hantle le NoGo-N2 latency setsing sa bohareng, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore ho hloleha ha taolo ea taolo lithutong tsa IGD ho kanna ha amana le tlhokahalo e matla ea tlhahlobo ea karabelo, ka lebaka la ho ts'oaroa ho hoholo.

Boithuto ba pejana bo boletse hore boits'oaro bo pheta-phetoang ho OCD bo potlaka ho feta ho potlaka, hobane bakuli ba OCD ba bonts'a bokhoni bo bolokehileng ba ho lieha moputso, ho fapana le bakuli ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi.42,43. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, re fumane ho se ts'oenyehe ho tlase ho bakuli ba OCD le lithuto tsa IGD. Ho feta moo, bakuli ba OCD ba bonts'itse maqhubu a manyane a NoGo-N2 sebakeng sa pele ho feta batho ba IGD, ho bonts'a hore nalane ea NoGo-N2 ho OCD e ka bonts'a ho se sebetse kahare ho (libaka) tse ka pele tse sitisang boitšoaro18. Ho latela lipatlisiso tsa mohloli oa lithuto tsa nakong e fetileng, karolo ea NoGo-N2 e tsoa ho medial orbitof Pambal and cingulate cortices22,44. Libaka tsena ho tlalehiloe hore ke tsona melaetsa ea tumellano ea ho arabela karabong thutong e sebelisang monahano o sebetsang oa matla a matla a matla a khoheli21. Ho bakuli ba OCD, libaka tse ho potoloho ea methapo ea kutlo ea cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loop e tsejoang ho tsamaisana le motor le thibelo ea karabelo li hlahisitsoe e le litlatsetso tsa neural tsa matšoao a bonoang ka thata.45,46. Ho nka liphumano tsena hammoho, ho holisoa ha NoGo-N2 ho sethala sa pele ho sehlopha sa rona sa bakuli ba OCD ho ka supa ho hloka taolo ho mela ea methapo ea kutlo ea methapo, e kopantsoeng le libaka tse ka pele tsa cortical.

Ho fapana le sephetho se tlalehiloeng ke lithuto tse fetileng, ha rea ​​fumana phapang e kholo phapusing ea NoGo-N2 pakeng tsa bakuli ba OCD le lithuto tsa HC18,34,35,36,47. Lingoliloeng tsa nakong e fetileng ka NoGo- kapa Stop-N2 ho bakuli ba OCD li tlalehiloe ka thoko ho N2 amplitude (e eketsehile kapa e fokotsehile) mabapi le moralo oa ho ithuta. Lithuto tse tlalehileng tse nyane tsa NoGo-N2 ho bakuli ba OCD ho feta ho li-HCs li sebelisitse mosebetsi oa Go / NoGo ntle le paradigm e sa tloaelehang mme li fetoletse liphetho tsa tsona e le sesupo sa karabo e sitisang karabelo18,34. Lithuto tse tlalehileng e kholo ea Stop-N2 ho bakuli ba OCD, ka lehlakoreng le leng, e sebelisitse mosebetsi oa Go / NoGo ka "paradigmm" e rarahaneng kapa SST mme ea fana ka tlhahiso ea hore tlhoko e eketsehileng ea tlhokomeliso ea ho etsa karabo e sitisang NoGo- kapa Stop-N235,36,47. Ho 'nile ha fanoa ka tlhahiso ea hore NoGo- kapa Stop-N2 e bonts'a sebaka se tšoanang sa boemo bo holimo le sebaka se lekantsoeng sa mohloli oa tšebeliso e amanang le phoso, mme NoGo- kapa Stop-N2 e fumanoe e le kholo ka tlasa maemo a phahameng a likhohlano.47. Ka hona, karolo ea NoGo- kapa Stop-N2 e kanna ea ameha maemong ao ho tsona qhoebeshano e arabelang. Mosebetsi oa Go / NoGo o sebelisitsoeng thutong ea morao-rao o ne o kenyelletsa paradigm e bonolo ea oddball e sa kenyellelitsoeng lithutong tse fetileng tse tlalehileng e fokotsitse NoGo-N2 ho bakuli ba OCD18,34 hape, ho feta moo, e tsamaisana le boemo ba likhohlano bo fokolang ha bo bapisoa le SST e sebelisitsoeng Lei et al a. boithuto, bo tlalehileng ho eketseha ha boemo ba Stop-N236. Ka hona, boemo ba likhohlano bo mahareng bo hlahisoang ke mosebetsi oa Go / NoGo thutong ena e kanna ea ba bo phahamisang bohareng ba NoGo-N2 ho bakuli ba OCD bao le bona ba ka bakang phapang lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsa OCD le HC.

Thutong ena, barupeluoa ba IGD le OCD ka bobeli ba bontšitse bofokoli ba boits'oaro ho thibelo ea karabo, joalo ka ha ho hlahlojoa ke ER e eketsehileng nakong ea mosebetsi oa Go / NoGo. Leha ho le joalo, karabelo ea neural ea ho thibela likarabo tsa boitšoaro ho susumetso ea NoGo e ne e fapane lipakeng tsa lihlopha, e fana ka maikutlo a fapaneng a amanang le methapo ea kutlo ea kutlo. Leha ho hloleha taolo ea thibelo ho ka hlaha ka ho tsilatsila ka bobeli le ka ho qobelloa, ts'ebetso ea ts'usumetso e amana le tloaelo ea ho etsa lintho ka tšusumetso, athe ho qobella ho amana le bothata ho felisa liketso7,48. Ka ho khetheha, re fumane hore amplitude ea NoGo-N2 sebakeng sa pele e ne e eketsehile sehlopheng sa IGD, athe sehlopha sa OCD se bontšitse ho fokotseha ho lekana ha amplitude ea NoGo-N2 nakong ea ts'ebetso ea mosebetsi o tšoanang oa Go / NoGo. Boithuto ba ErP bo fetileng bo sebelisang mesebetsi ea Go / NoGo e tlaleha liphetho tse sa lumellaneng mabapi le tataiso (e ntlafalitsoeng kapa e fokotsoe) ea nalane ea NoGo-N2, mohlomong ka lebaka la phello e kopaneng ea boiteko bo ikhethileng le phapang e teng maemong a thata pakeng tsa lipalo tse fapaneng tsa Go / NoGo29,33,49. Kahoo, ho fumana ha rona phapang ea sehlopha ho ammopp ea NoGo-N2 lipakeng tsa IGD le OCD ho ka bonts'a likarabo tse fapaneng tsa neural, tse kopantsoeng ke liphapang tsa sehlopha boitekong ba subjective bo hlokahalang bakeng sa taolo ea inhibitory nakong ea ts'ebetso e tšoanang ea Go / NoGo.

Boithuto bona bo ne bo na le meeli e mengata. Taba ea mantlha, leha re ile ra hira bakuli ba OCD ba nang le matšoao a qobelloang, NoGo-N2 amplitudes setsing se ka pele ha ea ka ea hokahana haholo le lintlha tse ngata ho Y-BOCS. Kahoo, ntle le ho sebelisa moelelo o ts'oanang, ha ho hlake hore na bophahamo ba NoGo-N2 bo fokotsehileng sebakeng sa pele ho bakuli ba OCD ka kotloloho bo emela khokahano ea methapo ea kutlo ea ho qobelloa. Taba ea bobeli, bakuli ba bangata ba IGD thutong ea rona ba ne ba sa batle kalafo mme bokhoba ba bona bo ne bo le tlase haholo (ho bolela lintlha tsa IAT <60) ha li bapisoa le tsa bankakarolo lithutong tse fetileng. Ntle le moo, bakuli ba OCD thutong ena ba ne ba fapane hanyane ka hanyane, ka hona boemo ba bona ba meriana le li-comorbidities li ne li ke ke tsa laoloa bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea li-ERP. Li-heterogeneity tseo li kanna tsa fokotsa phapang ea ERP har'a lihlopha tse tharo; leha ho le joalo, leha ho na le ho se lumellane, liphetho li ts'ehetsa khopolo-taba, ha feela ho na le tlhaloso e hlokolosi. Taba ea boraro, phapang ea sehlopha ea NoGo-N2 latency e bonts'itse phello e bohareng kamora ho sebelisa khalemelo bakeng sa papiso e mengata, 'me khalemelo bakeng sa liteko tse ngata ha ea etsoa bakeng sa litlhahlobo tsa khokahano. Ka hona, tlhokomeliso e lokela ho ba tlamo ea ho toloka sephetho sa thuto ea hajoale likamanong le katleho ea bongaka.

Re ne re batla ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa melaetsa e fapaneng ea karapo ea methapo ea kutlo ea IGD le OCD, re sebelisa paradigm ea Go / NoGo mabapi le ho ts'oaroa le ho qobelloa. Lintlha tsa Boitšoaro li bonts'itse hore bakuli ba IGD le OCD ka bobeli ba ne ba thatafalloa ke ho araba. Liphetho tsa ERP li bonts'itse hore batho ka bomong ba nang le IGD ba na le tlhokahalo e kholo ea taolo ea kelello maemong a pele a thibelo ea karabelo, ho latela ho teba ha tlhekefetso le tekanyo ea khatello. Ho bakuli ba nang le OCD, e kanna eaba liphoso tsa karabelo ea karabelo li bonts'a ho se sebetse ka pele ho cortex, e neng e amana le taolo ea thibelo ea boitšoaro e tlamang. Ho nkuoa hammoho, ho lieha ho lieha hoa NoGo-N2 e kanna ea ba tšusumetso ea tšusumetso ea mekhoa ho bakuli ba IGD, mme ho fokotsoa ha NoGo-N2 amplitude e ka sebetsa e le karohano ea methapo ea kutlo ho OCD le IGD ka kopanelo le ho qobelloa. Boithuto ba nako e tlang bo nang le disampole tse ngata tse sa sebetseng hantle, le paramente ea Go / NoGo e lokiselitsoeng hamolemo ho bapisoa ka kotloloho ea IGD le OCD, lia hlokahala ho holisa le ho netefatsa liphetho tsa lipatlisiso tsa morao tjena.

mekhoa

Barupeluoa le tlhatlhobo ea Clinical

Ka kakaretso, lithuto tsa 27 tse nang le IGD, bakuli ba 24 ba nang le OCD, le lithuto tsa 26 HC ba kentse letsoho thutong ena. Lithuto tsa IGD li ile tsa hiroa ho tsoa tleliniking ea bakuli ba kulang ea SGG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, hammoho le ka papatso. Lihlooho tsa HC li ile tsa hiroa ka papatso ea inthanete. Bakuli ba OCD ba ile ba hiroa setsing sa kokelo ea bakuli ba OCD sepetleleng sa Seoul National University (SNUH). Lihlooho tsohle tse nang le IGD li nkile karolo lipapaling tsa inthanete bakeng sa> 4 h / letsatsi mme e ne e le meriana-naïve. Ngaka ea mafu a kelello e nang le boiphihlelo e ile ea etsa lipuisano ho netefatsa tlhahlobo ea IGD le OCD e sebelisa litekanyetso tsa DSM-5. Ha re nahana ka sepheo sa ho ithuta, sa ho batlisisa ho se tsotelle le ho qobelloa, ke bakuli feela ba nang le OCD ba nang le matšoao a qobelloang ba kenyellelitsoeng. Bakuli ba supileng ba OCD e ne e le meriana-naïve, ba leshome ba ne ba se na meriana> khoeli e le 'ngoe pele ba kena thutong, mme ba supileng ba ile ba fuoa meriana ka nako ea liteko. Bakuli ba supileng ba OCD ba nkileng meriana ba ne ba nka serotonin reuptake inhibitors, 'me mokuli a le mong o ile a fuoa tefo e nyane ea olanzapine (1 mg) e le mothusi. Boima ba OCD bo ile ba hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa Y-BOCS50. Lihlooho tsa HC li ile tsa bapala lipapali tsa inthanete bakeng sa <2 h / letsatsi mme ha ba tlaleha lefu le fetileng kapa la hajoale la kelello. Ho bankakarolo bohle, Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT)51 le Scale ea Barratt Impulsiveness (BIS-11)52 li ne li sebelisetsoa ho lekola ho teba ha bokhoba ba papali ea marang-rang le boemo ba ho se ts'oanelehe. Matšoao a sithabetsang le a ho tšoenyeha a ile a hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)53 le Beck Anxcare Inventory (BAI)54. Intelligence quotient (IQ) e ile ea lekanyetsoa ho sebelisoa mofuta o khutsufalitsoeng oa Korea-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Mekhoa ea ho khetholla e kenyelletsa tlhatlhobo ea bophelo bohle ea ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi kapa ts'epahalo, lefu la methapo, kotsi e kholo ea hlooho e tsamaeang le tahlehelo ea kelello, bokuli bofe kapa bofe ba bongaka bo nang le sequelae e nang le tsebo, ho holofala ha maikutlo le bokooa ba kelello (IQ <70).

Bohle ba nkileng karolo ba ile ba utloisisa ka botlalo mokhoa oa ho ithuta mme ba fana ka tumello e ngotsoeng e nang le tsebo. Phuputso e entsoe ho latela Phatlalatso ea Helsinki. Boto ea lithupelo ea setheo sa SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center le SNUH li amohetse thuto.

Rekota ea Go / Nogo Task le EEG

Barupeluoa ba ne ba lutse hantle ka kamoreng e bobebe e sirelelitsoeng ka motlakase, ~ 60 cm hole le paki eo ho eona ho ileng ha hlahisoa letoto la li-300-ms tse bonoang ka tšohanyetso, "S" le "O". Baithuto ba ne ba laetsoe ho araba ka konopo ea konopo ho hlohlelletsa khafetsa "S" (E ea tekong, 71.4%, 428 / 600) le hore ba se arabe ka tsusumetso e tlisoang ke "O" (Teko ea NoGo, 28.6%, 172 / 600). Nako ea liteko e ne e le 1,500 ms. Likhatiso tse tsoelang pele tsa li-electroencephalogram (EEG) li entsoe ka Neuroscan 128-Channel Synamps le 128-Channel Quick-Cap, e thehiloeng tsamaisong ea machaba ea 10-20 e fetotsoeng (Componseics, Charlotte, NC, USA). Li-elektrone libakeng tsa mastoid li sebelisitsoe e le li-electrodes tsa poleiti mme li-electrode tsa lefats'e li behiloe lipakeng tsa libaka tsa li-electrode tsa FPz le Fz. EEG e ngotsoe ka tekanyo ea sampole ea 1,000-Hz ka sethala sa inthanete sa 0.05 ho 100 Hz. Lisebelisoa tsa mahlo tse tsamaeang le mahlo li ne li beiloe leihlo ka ho rekota li-electro-oculogram (vertical and vertical electro-oculogram (EOG)) li sebelisa li-electrode ka tlase, le kanteng ea ka leqeleng. Khanyetso libakeng tsohle tsa li-electrode e ne e le ka tlase ho 5 kΩ.

Tlhahlobo ea ERP

Ts'ebetso ea marang-rang ea data ea ERP e entsoe ho sebelisoa software ea Curry (ver. 7; Composedics, Charlotte, NC, USA). Lisebelisoa tsa mahlo tse tsamaeang le mahlo li ile tsa fokotsoa ho sebelisoa algorithm ea maqhubu a bokhutšoaane, e emelang tšebetso ea leihlo ka leihlo e ipapisitse le letšoao le emeng la EOG55. Monyako o sebelisitsoeng bakeng sa pontso ea EOG e emeng e ne e le 200 μV. Nako le nako ea 200 ms pele le 500 ms ka mor'a ho sibolla monyako li sebelisitsoe bakeng sa regression. Likhatiso tse tsoelang pele tsa EEG li ile tsa khutlisoa hape ho rekota e tloaelehileng, bandpass e tlhotliloeng lipakeng tsa 0.1 Hz le 30 Hz, e qaptjoa ho 100 ms pre-activus le 900 ms post-activus, le basement-lokisa ha ho sebelisoa matla a pakeng a tsusumetso ea nako e nyane ea pele. Mekalo e nang le maqhubu a EEG e fetang ± 75 μV e ile ea qheleloa ka thoko. Habohlokoa le ho feta, tlhahlobo ea phapang (ANOVA) e senotse hore palo ea linako tse setseng kamora ts'ebetso ea maano a maiketsetso e ne e sa fapana hara lihlopha tse tharo (Go, F2,76 = 0.508, p = 0.604; NoGo, F2,76 = 1.355, p = 0.264). Se boleloang (ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng) ha palo ea linako tse setseng maemong a Go e ne e le 343.8 (67.9) ho li-HC, 327.9 (82.0) sehlopheng sa IGD, le 347.3 (71.4) sehlopheng sa OCD. Litekanyetso tse tsamaellanang le maemo a NoGo e ne e le 132.9 (28.6) ho li-HC, 118.9 (34.8) sehlopheng sa IGD, le 121.0 (35.4) sehlopheng sa OCD. Linako li ile tsa aroloa ka thoko bakeng sa boemo ka bong (Go vs. NoGo). Ho sebelisitsoe mokhoa oa ho fumana tlhoro ea sehlohlolong ho tseba li-amplitudes le latency tsa sehlohlolong sa Go- le NoGo-N2, tse ileng tsa hlalosoa e le li-amplopes tse bonts'ang phoso e mpe ka ho fetesisa lipakeng tsa 130 ms le 280 ms post-stimulus qala ka pele (F1, Fz, F2 ) le libaka tse bohareng tsa (C1, Cz, C2). Methati ea bophahamo le li-latency tsa Go- le NoGo-P3 li hlalositsoe e le tse bontšang phapang e ntle ka ho fetisisa lipakeng tsa 250 ms le 450 ms post-stimulus qala bohareng (C1, Cz, C2) le parietal (P1, Pz, P2) eleketrode libaka. Mananeo le lifensetere tsa nako ea tlhalo li kentsoe tlhahlobisong ho latela litlaleho tsa pejana mabapi le libaka tsa li-amplitudes tse hlaheletseng tsa N2 le P3 (ho latela sebaka sa kanale le nako)29,56.

Tlhahlobo ea statistical

Litšobotsi tsa palo ea batho le tsa bongaka tsa lithuto li ne li bapisoa har'a lihlopha tse sebelisang ANOVA e le 'ngoe, liteko tsa liteko tse ikemetseng, kapa tlhahlobo ea Welch haeba phapang e ne e sa lekane. A χ2 tlhahlobo kapa tlhahlobo e tobileng ea Fisher e sebelisitsoe bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea data ea mekhahlelo. Li-ANOVA li ile tsa etsetsoa liteko bakeng sa phapang ea sehlopha nakong ea karabelo (RT) litekong tsa Go, le sekhahla sa phoso (ER) litekong tsa NoGo. Liphetoho tsa inhibitory ho li-amplople tsa ERP le latency li ile tsa hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa mehato ea khafetsa ANOVA e nang le libaka tsa electrode (F1, Fz, F2, C1, Cz, C2 bakeng sa N2 / C1, Cz, C2, P1, Pz, P2) / NoGo) joalo ka lintho tse ka hare ho taba le sehlopha (IGD / OCD / HC) joalo ka lintlha-pakeng. Lipapiso tsa sehlopha tsa ERP amplitude le latency li ile tsa etsoa ho sebelisoa mehato e pheta-phetoang ANOVA e nang le sebaka sa electrode (li-electrode tse tšeletseng tsa Fronto-bohareng tsa N3, li-electrode tse tšeletseng tsa parietal bakeng sa P2) e le ntho e ka hare ho taba le sehlopha (IGD / OCD / HC) joalo ka ntho e pakeng tsa lithuto. A post hoc Teko ea Bonferroni e ne e sebelisetsoa ho leka liphapang tse peli. Khokahano ea Pearson e ne e sebelisetsoa ho lekola likamano lipakeng tsa bophahamo ba ERP le latency tse bonts'itseng phapang ea sehlopha, hammoho le lintlha tsa IAT, lintlha tsa BIS-11 sehlopheng sa IGD, le lintlha tsa Y-BOCS ka har'a sehlopha sa OCD. Bakeng sa litlhahlobo tsa khokahano, khalemelo bakeng sa liteko tse ngata ha ea ka ea sebelisoa, hobane litlhahlobo li ne li nkuoa e le ho hlahloba ka tlhaho. Software ea SPSS (ver. 22.0; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) e ne e sebelisetsoa tlhahlobo ea lipalo. Litekanyetso tsa P <0.05 li ne li nkuoa li bonts'a bohlokoa ba lipalo.

Tlhahisoleseling e 'Ngoe

Tsela ea ho qotsa sehlooho sena: Kim, M. et al a. Li-neurophilia tsa Neurophysiological tsa phetoho e fetotsoeng ea taolo papaling ea taolo ea lipapali tsa marang-rang le pherekano e bonts'ang maikutlo: Mehopolo ho tsoa bohlasoa le ho qobelloeng. Sci. Rep. 7, 41742; doi: 10.1038 / srep41742 (2017).

Sengoloa sa Mohatisi: Boemo ba Motsoako bo lula bo sa jele paate mabapi le litlaleho tsa molao ka limepi tse hatisitsoeng le mekhatlo ea lihlopha.

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  •  

56.   

o    

Khoasolla litšupiso

Liteboho

Mosebetsi ona o tšehelitsoe ke chelete e tsoang ho National Research Foundation ea Korea (Grant No. 2014M3C7A1062894).

Boitsebiso ba Mongoli

Litšebelisano

1.    Lefapha la Psychiatry, Seoul University University of Medicine, Seoul, Rephabliking ea Korea

Minah Kim

o, Jung-Seok Choi

o, Sung Nyun Kim

o & Jun Soo Kwon

2.    Lefapha la Brain le Setso sa Kelello, Seoul University University ea Saense ea Tlhaho, Seoul, Rephabliki ea Korea

o Tak Hyung Lee

o, Yoo Bin Kwak

o, Wu Jeong Hwang

o, Taekwan Kim

o & Jun Soo Kwon

3.    Lefapha la Psychiatry, Setsi sa Bongaka sa SMG-SNU Boramae, Seoul, Rephabliking ea Korea

Jung-Seok Choi

o, Ji Yoon Lee

o, Jae-A Lim

o, Serapa sa Minkyung

o & Yeon Jin Kim

4.    Lenaneo la litaba tsa thuto e fapa-fapaneng Neuroscience, Seoul University University of Science Science, Seoul, Rephabliking ea Korea

o Ji Yoon Lee

o & Jun Soo Kwon

5.    Lefapha la Psychiki, Sepetlele sa Seoul St. Mary, Univesithi ea K'hatholike ea Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Rephabliking ea Korea

O Dai Jin Kim

Menehelo

MK, JYL, JL le YJK ba ne ba ikarabella ho hira bakuli le ba nkang karolo ba laoleng bophelo bo botle, pokello ea tlhaiso-leseling ea batho ba bangata le ea bongaka. MK, THL, JC, MP, SNK, DJK le JSK ba kentse letsoho molemong oa ho ithuta le ho etsa lintho. THL, YBK, WJH, TK le MP ba bokelletse lintlha tse amanang le liketsahalo (ERPs) tse amanang le ketsahalo. MK o ile a etsa tlhahlobo ea tlhaiso-leseling mme a ngola morolo o ngotsoeng. JC, SNK, DJK le JSK ba tšehelitse toloko ea liphetho. JC, SNK, DJK le JSK ba laetse le ho tsamaisa ts'ebetso eohle ea thuto ena. Bangoli bohle ba sekasekne ka botebo litaba 'me ba amohetse mofuta oa ho qetela oa buka e ngotsoeng ka letsoho.

Lithahasello tse tsitsitseng

Bangoli ha ba phatlalatse lithahasello tsa lichelete.

Mongoli ea tšoanang

Ngollano ho Jung-Seok Choi.

Comments

Ka ho fana ka maikutlo o amohela ho latela tsa rona Terms 'me Tataiso ea Sechaba. Haeba u fumana ho na le ntho e hlekefetsang kapa e sa lumellaneng le lipehelo tsa rona kapa litataiso, ka kopo e tšoaee e sa nepahala.