Hase ho Bapala: Mathata a Gaming Lefapheng la Machaba la Maloetse (ICD-11). (2019)

J Adolesc Bophelo. 2019 Jan;64(1):5-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.10.010.

King DL1, Potenza MN2.

PMID: 30579437

DOI:10.1016 / j.jadohealth.2018.10.010

Bacha ke ba bang ba bareki ba chesehang ka ho fetesisa ba boithabiso ba dijithale ba inthaneteng, haholo lipapali tsa video le mesebetsi e amanang le inthanete (mohlala, phatlalatso e pharalletseng, mananeo a seea-le-moeeng a eSports). Lintlha tsa lipatlisiso tsa lefats'e li bonts'a hore bacha ba bangata ba tlaleha ts'ebeliso ea lipapali tsa selemong se fetileng ho lisebelisoa tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa lik'homphieutha tsa motho ka mong, lilaptop, khokotso, hape, ha theknoloji e se e rarahane haholoanyane, li-smartphones [1, 2, 3]. Lefatšeng ka bophara, karolelano ea lipapali tsa lipapali har'a bacha e eketsehile lilemong tse mashome a mararo tse fetileng, haholoholo hara banna. The Moloko M2 ho ithuta United States, ho etsa mohlala, ho tlaleha hore karolelano ea tšebeliso ea lipapali tsa letsatsi le letsatsi har'a batho ka bomong, lilemo tse 8-18, e eketsehile ho tloha 24 ho isa ho 73 metsotso pakeng tsa 2004 le 2009 [4]. Lintlha tsa morao-rao tsa Australia li bonts'a hore banna ba lilemo tse 15-24 ba bapala lipapali tsa karolelano ea 155 min / day [5] le hore 4.1% ea banna ba lilemo tse 11-17 ba bapala lipapali tsa lihora tsa 9 kapa ho feta ka nako ea beke e tloaelehileng [6]. Ho bana ba bangata le lilemong tsa bocha, lipapali li ka fetoloa ka potlako ho tloha ho tloaelo ea ho itlosa bolutu ka mokhoa oo ho leng thata ho ipeha, ho fokotsa kapa ho tsoa, ​​leha e le ka nakoana. Ho ata ho hoholo le tšebeliso e mpe ea lipapali tsa video har'a bacha li ka hlahisoa ke maikutlo a hore ha ho na sehlahisoa se seng sa boithabiso se fumanehang se fanang ka boikoetliso bo tlase / bo theko e tlase ba ketso le nyakallo, tsoelo-pele le katleho, khokahano ea sechaba, le ho iponahatsa.

Le hoja bacha ba bangata ba bapala lipapali ka mokhoa o itekanetseng, hase kamehla lipapali li “thabisang” kapa e le boithabiso bo se nang kotsi. Lilemo tse mashome tsa lipatlisiso li bonts'itse hore bacha ba bang ba kenang boits'oarong ba papali bo sa khaotseng, ka boithatelo kapa ka tsela e ngoe, ba ka ba le litlamorao tse mpe ho isa ho tse mpe ho bophelo bo botle ba kelello [1, 7, 8]. Maemong a feteletseng, libapali li ka ikutloa li sa khone ho laola kapa ho emisa papali ea bona ntle le tšusumetso ea kantle kapa ho kenella. Boitšoaro bo fetelletseng ba papali bo ka ba le litlamorao tse mpe, haholoholo ha li tšoarelloa nako e telele (mohlala, ho feta likhoeli tse 12), ho kenyeletsoa ho tlohela sekolo, likhohlano tsa malapa, bophelo bo botle ba kelello le ho itšehla thajana. Ha e lemoha liketsahalo tsena le tlhoko ea ho beha likotsi tsa bophelo bo botle molemong oa ho hlahisa likarabelo tsa bophelo bo botle ba sechaba, Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo (WHO) [9] o kenyelelitse "Lipapali tse kotsi" (QE22) le "Boloetse ba papali" (6C51) ntlafatsong ea eona ea moraorao ea Machaba. Kemiso ea Maloetse (ICD-11).

Bahlalosi ba bang ba hlalositse hore lihlopha tsa lipapali tsa ICD-11 li hlahisitsoe ke WHO ho arabela "khatello ea lipolotiki" e hlahisoang ke linaha tse ling tsa Asia [10]. Le ha ka nako e 'ngoe maikutlo ana a' nile a ntšetsoa pele mecheng ea litaba, 'me barutehi bao ba hlahisang maikutlo a hanyetsanang ka boloetse ba lipapali ba ICD-11 ba fumana phatlalatso ho tsoa indastering ea lipapali tsa lefatše [11], khang ea hore "boloetse ba papali" e hlahisitsoe ho latela khatello ea lipolotiki ha e na 'nete [10]. Joalokaha ho tlalehiloe Saunders et al. [12] le Rumpf et al. [13] (ke hore, lipampiri tse peli tse hlophisitsoeng ke lihlopha tsa bafuputsi le baoki ba bileng teng libokeng tsa WHO mme ba kentse letsoho nts'etsopele ea ICD-11), likarolo tsa ICD-11 li ile tsa ntlafatsoa ke ts'ebetso ea boeletsi ho feta lilemo tse 'maloa tse neng li kenyelletsa tlhahlobo e tebileng ea mahlale le bopaki ba bongaka. Likopano tsa litsebi tsa WHO-tse kenyelletsang litsebi tse 66 tse tsoang linaheng tse 25 le ho tšoareloa Tokyo, Japane (2014), Seoul, Korea Boroa (2015), Hong Kong, China (2016), le Istanbul, Turkey (2017) - li fane ka mabaka le mabaka bakeng sa khothaletso ea ho kenyelletsa boloetse ba papali ho ICD-11 [9]. Ts'ehetso ea boloetse ba papali e ne e ipapisitse le bopaki bo fanoeng ke litsebi tse tsoang ho mafu a kelello, psychology ea bongaka, bongaka ba kahare, tloaelo ea lelapa, thuto ea bana, lefu la mafu, lefu la methapo, bophelo bo botle ba sechaba le libaka tse ling [14].

Ka kananelo ea semmuso ea boloetse ba papali, ho ts'epuoa hore mosebetsi o mong oa bohlokoa sehloohong sena o tla ts'ehetsoa habonolo, ho kenyeletsoa le chelete e ngata bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa mafu a seoa, methapo ea pelo le ho kenella, ho fihlela litlhoko tsa batho ba hlokang thuso bakeng sa papali. mathata a amanang le [15, 16]. Puisano e hlokolosi ea lihlopha tse amanang le papali e tla tsoelapele hara ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi le libakeng tse ling tsa boithuto, le maemong a likopano tse ling tsa WHO. Ho tloha ha ho theoa likopano tsa WHO ka 2014 (tse ileng tsa emoloa ka sepheo sa ho nahanisisa "se boleloang ke bophelo bo botle ba sechaba ka ts'ebeliso e fetelletseng ea marang-rang, likhomphutha, li-smartphone le lisebelisoa tse tšoanang" eseng feela papali ea video), mananeo a likopano a na le e nolofalletsa puisano ea liphuputso tsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele e pharalletseng (mohlala, boqapi ba indasteri, litaba tsa leano le phano ea litšebeletso) ho fana ka kutloisiso e ncha le ho nahanisisa ka bohlokoa ba ICD-11 [17, 18]. Sehlooho se seng se lokelang ho nahanoa hape, mohlala, ke ho kopana ha lipapali le papali ea chelete [19, 20], e leng ketsahalo e pharaletseng e akaretsang lihlahisoa tsa papali ea papali ea chelete (papali ea papali ea chelete]. Lipapali tsa eSports) le lipapatso (mohlala, lipapatso tse phallelang tsa papali ea chelete ea letlalo) tse ka hohelang haholo-holo bacha [21]. Ho kopana hape ho kenyelletsa ho etsa chelete ea mefuta e meng e sa reroang ea lipapali tsa papali (mohlala, "loot boxes") [22, 23] tse sa tsoa khetha ho ba papali ea chelete e seng molaong libakeng tse 'maloa (Belgium le Netherlands). Ho tlola lipakeng tsa papali le mekhoa e meng e ka lemalloang (mohlala, ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro inthaneteng) le tsona li lokela ho tsejoa [24], haholoholo ka lebaka la ho ata ha litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro (ho kenyeletsoa le bacha), ts'ebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​le ho kenyeletsoa ha khatello ea maikutlo ea thobalano. (6C72) ho ICD-11 [25].

Maemo a bophelo bo botle a amanang le boits'oaro bo ipapisitseng le theknoloji ea dijithale, joalo ka papali ea inthanete, a kanna a fetoha ha nako e ntse e feta hobane mesebetsi ena e na le litlhoko tsa libapali tse ncha hape e fana ka boiphihlelo bo bocha ho basebelisi. Kaha lipapali tsa inthaneteng hangata li kopana le lintho tse ling tikolohong e arolelanoeng ea marang-rang (mohlala, ho bapala ha u ntse u shebelletse litaba tse amanang le lipapali, litaba tsa sechaba, li-podcast, papatso ea inthanete le eSports), ho na le tlhoko ea ho netefatsa hore litlhaloso tsa bongaka, ho li hlahloba le mehato e lula e lumellane le mesebetsi e atisang ho etsoa mme e ka baka mathata ho basebelisi. Leha ho kanna ha amoheloa sechabeng hore bacha ba tla phela bophelo ba dijithale ka mehla, inthaneteng, ho na le bopaki bo lekaneng ho ts'ehetsa mohopolo oa hore ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lipapali tsa video le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa elektroniki lia etsahala, mme papali eo e kanna ea bonahala e le lefu le lemalloang, haholo-holo har'a bacha. Bopaki bona ha boa lokela ho hlokomolohuoa ho ntšetsa pele maikutlo a hore ts'ebeliso eohle ea media ea dijithale, ntle le khethollo, e ntlafatsa maphelo a batho. Lits'ebetso tse nepahetseng li ea hlokahala maemong a pholisi, thibelo le kalafo ho pholletsa le matla ohle ho sireletsa bophelo bo botle ba sechaba, haholoholo mabapi le ho netefatsa kholo e sireletsehileng le e phetseng hantle ho tloha bongoaneng, ho tloha lilemong tsa bocha le ho ba motho e moholo.

Lithuso tsa lichelete

Mosebetsi ona o fumane tšehetso ea lichelete ho tsoa ho Tjhelete ea Mofuputsi oa Tlhahlobo ea Discovery Early Career Reseward Award (DECRA) DEFNUMX e tšehelitsoeng ke Lekhotla la Patlisiso la Australia (ARC). MNP e ile ea tšehetsoa ke Setsi sa Tlhokomelo ea Lipapali tsa Gambali ho tsoa Setsing sa Naha sa Lipapali Tse Ikarabellang, Lekhotla la Connecticut ka Mathata a Papali ea Chelete le Lefapha la Connecticut la Bophelo bo Botle ba Kelello le Litšebeletso tsa Tlatsetso.

References
Fam, JY Ho ba teng ha bothata ba lipapali tsa marang-rang ho bacha: Tlhahlobo ea meta ‐ mashome a mararo a lilemo. Scand J Psychol. 2018; 59: 524-531.

Sefapano | E phatlalalitsoe | Scopus (1) | Google Scholar

Patlisiso ea SuperData. Kakaretso ea mmaraka - lipapali tsa dijithale tsa 2017 le selemo sa litaba sa puisano se hlahlojoang. E fumaneha ho: https://www.superdataresearch.com/market-data/market-brief-year-in-review. E fihletsoe ka la 1 Loetse 2018 ..

Google Setsebi

Ofisi ea Mokhomishenara oa eSafety. Sebaka sa lipapali-Bacha le lipapali tsa marang-rang Australia, 2018. Canberra, Mmuso oa Australia, 2018. E fumaneha ho: https://www.esafety.gov.au/about-the-office/research-library/youth-online-gaming. E fihletsoe ka September 1, 2018 ..

Google Setsebi

Lekhotla la Puisano la Australia le Media (ACMA). Commonwealth ea Australia. Mekhoa ea ts'ebeliso ea media ke bana le bacha. Litsebiso tse tsoang ho Kaiser Foundation's Generation M2 2009 (USA) le liphetho tse tsoang ho Media le tlhaiso-leseling ea ACMA ho malapa a Australia 2007. E fumaneha ho: https://www.acma.gov.au/theACMA/trends-in-media-use-by -banyana-le-batjha. E fihletsoe ka la 1 Loetse 2018 ..

Google Setsebi

Brand JE, Todhunter S., Jervis J .. Digital Australia 2018 (DA18). E fumaneha ho: http://www.igea.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Digital-Australia-2018-DA18-Final-1.pdf. E fihletsoe ka September 1, 2018 ..

Google Setsebi

Lawrence, D., Johnson, S., Hafekost, J. et al, Bophelo bo botle ba kelello ba bana le bacha: Tlaleho ea tlhahlobo ea bobeli ea bana ba Australia le ea bocha bophelo bo botle ba kelello le bophelo bo botle. Lefapha la Bophelo, Canberra; 2015 (E fumaneha ho)
https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/9DA8CA21306FE6EDCA257E2700016945/%24File/child2.pdf
(E fihletsoe ka September 1, 2018).

Google Setsebi

Nako e telele, J., Liu, T., Liu, Y. et al, Prevalence le likhakanyo tsa lipapali tsa marang-rang tse nang le bothata: Tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng ea bopaki bo phatlalalitsoeng ka China. Curr Addict Rep. 2018; 5: 337-359.

Sefapano | Google Scholar

Mihara, S., Higuchi, S. Cross ‐ lithuto tsa lefutso tsa lipapali tsa nako e telele le tsa nako e telele: Tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng ea lingoliloeng. Psinchiatry Clin Neurosci. 2017; 71: 425-444.

Sefapano | E phatlalalitsoe | Scopus (21) | Google Scholar

Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo (WHO). Lipalo tsa lefu la ICD-11 le lipalo tsa moriana. Mathata a kelello, boits'oaro kapa li-neurodevelopmental. E fumaneha ho: https://icd.who.int/brgins11/lm/en. E fihletsoe ka September 1, 2018 ..

Google Setsebi

Sarkar S. 'Boloetse ba lipapali "bo khethollotsoe e le boemo ba bophelo bo botle ba kelello, empa na ho tsamaea pele ho nako? E fumaneha ho: https://web.archive.org/web/20180907012957/https://www.polygon.com/2018/6/19/17475632/video-game-addiction-gaming-disorder-who-icd-11 . E fihletsoe ka September 1, 2018 ..

Google Setsebi

King, DL, indasteri ea karabelo ea indasteri ea lipapali. Fana ka maikutlo mabapi le polelo ea indasteri ea lipapali tsa lefatše mabapi le boloetse ba lipapali ba ICD-11: Leano la khoebo ea ho se tsotelle likotsi le ho nyenyefatsa boikarabello ba sechaba?. Bokhoba. 2018;
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14388
.

Sefapano | Scopus (2) | Google Scholar

Saunders, J., Hao, W., Nako e telele, J. et al, bothata ba Lipapali: Ho hlalosoa ha eona e le boemo bo tebileng ba ho hlahloba, ho laola le ho thibela. J Behav Moemeli. 2017; 6: 271-279.

Sefapano | E phatlalalitsoe | Scopus (26) | Google Scholar

Rumpf, H., Achab, S., Billieux, J. et al, Ho kenyelletsa bothata ba lipapali ho ICD-11: Tlhokahalo ea ho etsa joalo ho tsoa ponong ea bongaka le ea sechaba. J Behav Moemeli. 2018;
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.59
.

Sefapano | Scopus (4) | Google Scholar

Billieux, J., King, DL, Higuchi, S. et al, Ts'ebetso ea ho senyeha hoa ts'ebetso ho hlahlobisisa le ho fumana bothata ba lipapali. J Behav Moemeli. 2017; 6: 285-289.

Sefapano | E phatlalalitsoe | Scopus (18) | Google Scholar

Fineberg, NA, Demetrovics, Z., Stein, DJ et al, Manifesto bakeng sa European Research Network ts'ebeliso e mpe ea marang-rang. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2018;
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.08.004
.

Sefapano | E phatlalalitsoe | Scopus (1) | Google Scholar

King, DL, Delfabbro, PH Inthaneteng lipapali tsa lipapali: mohopolo, tlhahlobo, thibelo le kalafo. Elsevier Academic Press, Cambridge, MA; 2019: 294.

Google Setsebi

Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo (WHO). ho: Litlamorao tsa bophelo bo botle ba sechaba ka tšebeliso e feteletseng ea marang-rang, lik'homphieutha, li-smartphones le lisebelisoa tse tšoanang tsa elektroniki: Tlaleho ea Kopano, holo ea Kopano ea Motheo, Motheo oa Khothaletso ea Patlisiso ea Kankere, Setsi sa Patlisiso ea Kankere ea Sechaba, Tokyo, Japan, 27-29 August 2014. Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo,; 2015.

Google Setsebi

Potenza, MN, Higuchi, S., Brand, M. Bitsa lipatlisiso ho mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea litheko tsa boits'oaro. Tlhaho. 2018; 555: 30.

Sefapano | E phatlalalitsoe | Scopus (8) | Google Scholar

Hayer, T., Kalke, J., Meyer, G., Brosowski, T. Na liketso tse etselitsoeng ho becha li bolela esale pele papali ea chelete ka chelete ea 'nete nakong ea bocha? Liphetho tse fumanehang ho tsoa thutong e telele. J Gambl Stud. 2018; 34: 929-947.

Sefapano | E phatlalalitsoe | Scopus (3) | Google Scholar

Dussault, F., Brunelle, N., Kairouz, S. et al, Phetoho ho tloha ho bapala ka lipapali tse etselitsoeng ho becha ho becha ka chelete ea 'nete: Boithuto ba nako e telele bo lilemong tsa bocha. Int Gambl Stud. 2017; 17: 386-400.

Sefapano | Scopus (5) | Google Scholar

Macey, J., Hamari, J. Ho phenyekolla likamano lipakeng tsa papali ea video, li-esports tse hohelang le papali ea chelete. Comput Hum Behav. 2018; 80: 344-353.

Sefapano | Scopus (4) | Google Scholar

Drummond, A., Sauer, JD Liroboto tsa papali ea papali ea video li tsamaellana le ho becha kelellong. Nat Hum Behav. 2018; 2: 530-532.

Sefapano | Scopus (2) | Google Scholar

King, DL, Delfabbro, likarolo tsa pele tsa ho etsa chelete ka lipapali tsa video (mohlala, 'mabokose a thepa') le bokuli ba lipapali tsa inthanete. Ho lemalla. 2018;
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14286
.

Sefapano | Scopus (2) | Google Scholar

Castro-Calvo J., Ballester-Arnal R., Potenza MN, le al. Na "ho ithiba ho qobella" ho bapala ho lebisa ho ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa? Insight ho tloha ka April 2018 ho senyeha ha li-server tsa Fortnite. J Behav Lekhoba. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.78 ..

Google Setsebi

Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo (WHO). Lipalo tsa lefu la ICD-11 le lipalo tsa moriana. Mathata a kelello, boits'oaro kapa li-neurodevelopmental. E fumaneha ho: https://icd.who.int/dev11/lm/en#/httpanuel3aanuel2fanuel2fid.who.intanuel2ficdanuel2fentity%2f1630268048. E fihletsoe ka September 1, 2018 ..

Google Setsebi