Boiteko ba lipapali le thibelo bakeng sa papali e lokela ho nahana ka pono e pharaletseng. Tlhaloso ka: Leano la karabo ho sebelisoa papali ea lipapali tsa video: Tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng ea mehato ea morao-rao le menyetla ea nakong e tlang (Király et al., 2018)

J Behav Addict. 2018 Aug 16: 1-5. doi: 10.1556 / 2006.7.2018.64. [

Petry NM1, Zajac K1, Ginley M1, Lemmens J2, Rumpf HJ3, Ko CH4, Rehbein F5.

inahaneloang

Bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete bo hapa tlhokomelo ho pota lefatše. Boiteko bo bong bo lebisitsoe ho thibela mathata a lipapali ho tsoa kapa ho phehella, empa mekhoa e 'maloa e lekiloe ka matla. Ha ho na ts'ebetso e tsebahalang ea thibelo e teng. Ho lekola tšimo e pharaletseng ea lipatlisiso tsa thibelo ho lokela ho thusa lipatlisiso le mekhoa e metle ho ea pele ho rarolla mathata a hlahang ho papali e ngata.

LITLHAKISO: Bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete; thibelo; leano la sechaba

PMID: 30111170

DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.64Holimo ho Fomu

Bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete bo hapa tlhokomelo ho pota lefatše. Boiteko bo bong bo lebisitsoe ho thibela mathata a lipapali ho tsoa kapa ho phehella, empa mekhoa e 'maloa e lekiloe ka matla. Ha ho na ts'ebetso e tsebahalang ea thibelo e teng. Ho lekola tšimo e pharaletseng ea lipatlisiso tsa thibelo ho lokela ho thusa lipatlisiso le mekhoa e metle ho ea pele ho rarolla mathata a hlahang ho papali e ngata.

Keywords: Bothata ba ho bapala Inthanete, thibelo, morero oa sechaba

Ka ho kenyelletsoa ha bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete (IGD; Petry & O'Brien, 2013) khatisong ea bohlano ea Buka ea ho hlahloba le ea Statistical ea Mathata a kelello (Mokhatlo oa Mahlale oa Amerika, 2013), hammoho le tlhahiso e tšoanang ea ho tlisa mafu a lipapatso ho Classified International of Diseases - mofuta oa 11, thahasello mathateng a papali e eketsehile ho tsoa maikutlong a saense, a kliniki le a bophelo bo botle ba sechaba. Patlisiso le kutloisiso ea bongaka ka IGD, leha ho le joalo, e ntse e le methating ea eona ea pele (Petry, Rehbein, Ko, & O'Brien, 2015). Mehopolo e mengata e teng ka sebopeho le maemo a boemo le ho kopana ha matšoao. Leha ho le joalo, tlhaiso-leseling e hlahang ea kliniki, ea mafu a seoa le ea sechaba e bontša hore lipapali tse ngata haholo li ka ba le bothata ho bapalami ba fokolang (mohlala, Wittek et al., 2016), ka keketseho e phahameng lihlopheng tsa bacha (Rehbein, Kliem, Baier, Mößle, & Petry, 2015).

Király et al. (2018) Hlalosa boiteko bo entsoeng lefatšeng ka bophara ka sepheo sa ho fokotsa likotsi tse amanang le papali. Lipampiri tsa bona li hlophisa lingoliloeng tse fokolang sebakeng sena mme li lokela ho tlisa tlhokomeliso mabapi le mosebetsi oa thibelo.

Ho nkuoa ha lingoliloeng tse pharalletseng tsa lipatlisiso tsa thibelo ea bongaka, bophelo ba kelello le mathata a ho lemalla ho bohlokoa ho IGD. Tlhahlobo e pharalletseng ea litaba tsa bophelo bo botle ba sechaba e ka tsamaisa boiteko ba libaka tse hlahang mme e ka potlakisa kutloisiso ea mekhoa ea ho fokotsa mathata ka papali. Litaba tsa joala, koae, tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi, le papali ea chelete, mohlomong li bohlokoa ka ho khetheha. Bongata ba boitšoaro bona bo molaong, bo tšoanang le papali. Ntle le moo, boholo ba lintho tsena ha li sebelisoe, ho sebelisa nako le nako kapa ho nka karolo ha ho hlile ha ho fetole mathata, ka mokhoa o tšoanang ho bapala papali ka linako tse ling ha ho na bothata. Tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi le litloaelo tsa ho becha li tloaelehile ho bacha le ho batho ba baholo.Welte, Barnes, Tidwell, & Hoffman, 2011), joalo ka papali (Rehbein et al., 2015; Wittek et al., 2016).

Lekala la bokhoba ba ho lemalla le sentse le sokola ho theha mekhoa ea thibelo e sebetsang (Ennett, Tobler, Ringwalt, & Flewelling, 1994) hape, ke kamora phuputso e mashome a lilemo feela, e sibollotseng maano a nang le litlamorao tse tlase mabapi le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi (Toumbourou et al., 2007). Kahoo, ha ho makatse hore maano a sebetsang a thibelo ha a eo bakeng sa IGD, boemo bo sa thehoang kapa bo utloisisoang haholo. Ho lekola liteko tsa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi le mathata a papali ea chelete, hammoho le mehato ea thibelo ka bophara, ho ka tataisa boiteko ba kamoso ba thibelo ea lipapali. Le ha lekhetho le leng le sebelisoa hape (mohlala, thibelo e akaretsang, e khethang le e bontšitsoeng), tlhahlobo ena e sebelisa lipallo tsa nalane tsa thibelo ea mathomo, ea bobeli le ea thuto e phahameng. Ho sa tsotelehe mareo, kakaretso ena e ka thusa ho lekola hore na boiphihlelo bo bong bo ka sebetsa joang lebaleng la IGD.

Thibelo ea mantlha e ikemiselitse ho thibela mathata kapa maloetse pele a bonahala. Ka tloaelo, boiteko ba mantlha ba thibelo bo amana le ho fokotsa kapa ho tlosa likotsi maemong a kotsi kapa boits'oarong. Mehlala e kenyelletsa melao - le ts'ebetsong ea melao - ho thibela kapa ho laola ts'ebeliso ea lihlahisoa tse kotsi (mohlala, asbestos le pente e etellang pele) kapa ho laela polokeho le boits'oaro ba bophelo bo botle (mohlala, ts'ebeliso ea mabanta a litulo le lihelmet) le thuto ka bophelo bo botle le bo bolokehileng litloaelo (mohlala, ho ja hantle, ho ikoetlisa khafetsa, le ho se tsube). Liente ke mohlala o mong oa boiteko ba mantlha ba thibelo bo reretsoeng ho fokotsa maselese, makhopho le mafu a mang a tšoaetsanoang. Mebuso e etsa melao ea boiteko ba mantlha ba ho thibela ho kenya tšebetsong hohle, 'me ka mokhoa o akaretsang, empa melaoana e joalo e etsahala feela kamora hore data e thehe mekhatlo pakeng tsa selelekela (mohlala, chefo ea tikoloho, ts'oaetso, le likotsi) le litlamorao tse mpe (mohlala, boemo ba mafu le menyetla ea tšenyo ea boko).

Boiteko ba mantlha ba thibelo bo fuoeng 'muso le ho bo qobella ke (kapa bonyane bo ka ngangisana e lokela ho ba) e sebetsang. Ts'ebeliso e hlokahalang ea mabanta a litulo likoloing e fokotse ka mokhoa o hlakileng kotsi e amanang le kotsi le lefu la motho (Williams le Lund, 1986), le molao o phahamisang lilemo tsa molao tsa ts'ebeliso ea joala ho tloha 18 ho isa lilemong tsa 21 ho la US (moo bacha ba lilemong tse ka tlase ho 14-16 ba tsofetseng) ba bakileng likotsi tsa likotsi tsa makoloi tse amanang le joala.Du Mouchel, Williams, & Zador, 1987). Ho enta hoo e ka bang ho felisitse maloetse a tloaelehileng a bana.

Tabeng ea ho lemalla kapa mafu a kelello, ha ho na liente tse teng. Bakeng sa boiteko ba thuto le papatso e khahlano le tšebeliso (mohlala, "Boko ba hau ke ba lithethefatsi"), ha ho tsejoe hakaalo ka katleho. Letšolo le atileng la thuto ea tšebeliso e mpe ea tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi naheng ea Amerika ke eseng E thusa ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi (Ennett et al., 1994). Leha ho le joalo, mefuta ena ea liphutuho tsa thuto le tsa papatso ha e bake likotsi leha e le life tse tsebahalang, 'me lipapatso tsa papatso le tse khahlanong le tšebeliso e mpe li etsahala le ha ho se na tlhahisoleseling mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea bona. Mekhatlo ea 'muso le mekhatlo ea litsebi, e kang ea Lekala la Bophelo le Boiketlo ba batho ba Taiwan le American Academy of Pediatrics naheng ea Amerika, mohlala, fana ka tataiso le lisebelisoa tsa thuto mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea elektroniki le lipapali.

Lipapatso le liteko tsa mantlha tsa thibelo ea thuto li hlasela sehlopha se seholo sa batho. Kahoo, ho thata ho theha bokhoni ba bona ba ho fokotsa likotsi ka maemo a tlase a tlase. Mohlala, ho fokotsa ts'oaetso ea ts'oaetso ea papali ea chelete, boemo bo hlahang ho 0.4% ea baahi feela (Petry, Stinson, & Grant, 2005), e hloka ho ithutoa ha likete tse 'maloa tsa batho. Ka lilemo tse mashome, lebala la papali ea papali ea chelete le lekile ho supa liteko tse atlehang tsa thibelo, empa ngangisano e pheella ka katleho le katleho, 'me ha ho e' ngoe e sebelisoang haholo (Ginley, Whelan, Pfund, Peter, & Meyers, 2017).

Ha ho fanoa ka moelelo ona, ha ho makatse hore liteko tse matla tsa thibelo ea mantlha tsa IGD, bothata bo bocha bo nang le tekanyo ea ho ba teng ha 1% (Petry, Zajac, & Ginley, 2018), lula o sa tsejoe. Boiteko ba thuto le tlhokomeliso, joalo ka litekanyetso tsa litekanyetso lipapaling le taolong ea botsoali, li kanna tsa nkuoa e le mefuta ea thibelo ea mantlha. Mebuso ha e lumelle ka molao litsamaiso tsa tlhokomeliso kapa litekanyetso linaheng tse ngata (haeba e se tsona tsohle), 'me e mong a ka pheha khang ea hore ha ea lokela hobane datha mabapi le ts'ebetso ea bona le katleho ea bona ea fokola. Ntle le moo, boiteko bo joalo bo ka ba ha bo na thuso kaha batho, haholo-holo bana, ba ka hoheloa ke lipapali tse ngotsoeng bakeng sa bamameli ba baholo kapa ba baholo feela. Tšebeliso ea taolo ea botsoali ea ho fokotsa mathata a papali e kanna ea sitisoa, hobane haholo-holo ke boikarabelo ho batsoali ho sebelisa litsamaiso tsena. Ka bomalimabe, batsoali bao mohlomong ba hlokang ho thibela mathata a lipapali ho bana ba bona ba ka ba monyetleng oa ho tloaelana le ho sebelisa lits'ebetso tsena (Carlson et al., 2010;; bona hape Moditjhaba, ka ho hatisa).

Ho sheba lingoliloeng tsa thibelo ea mantlha ka botlalo ho ka fana ka leseli mabapi le mehato e latelang lipatlisisong tsa mantlha tsa thibelo bakeng sa papali. Litlhahlobo tsa ho kenella ha thibelo ea mantlha li etsoa hantle ka mokhoa o hlakileng lihlopheng tse ka tlase tse ka hlahisang mathata. Bakeng sa lipapali, tsena li kenyeletsa bacha ba banna ba kotsing e kholo (Petry et al., 2015; Rehbein et al., 2015) le ba nang le maemo a kotsi a bophelo bo botle ba kelello, joalo ka tlhokomeliso ea deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), khatello ea maikutlo le matšoenyeho (Desai, Krishnan-Sarin, Cavallo, & Potenza, 2010; Molichaba et al., 2011; Petry et al., 2018; van Rooij et al., 2014). Maiteko a mantlha a thibelo a ikemiselitseng ho batsoali ba bana ba joalo a ka supa hore na mekhoa e teng kapa e mecha e fokotsa ho qala ha likotsi ho bana ba kotsing e kholo. Ho fapana le hoo, ho tsamaisa boiteko ho libapali tsohle tsa lipapali ho ka hlahisa litlamorao tse fokolang, kaha ke karolo e nyane feela e tla tsoelapele ho ba le mathata (Müller et al., 2015; Rehbein et al., 2015; van Rooij, Schoenmakers, Vermulst, van den Eijnden, & van de Mheen, 2011; Wittek et al., 2016). Ho lebella ho kenella ha thibelo ea mantlha ho bapalisi ba seng ba ntse ba e-na le mathata a maholo (kapa batsoali ba bona) ho ka se be molemo, hobane batho bana ba kanna ba hloka kalafo e matla haholoanyane. Ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi le lingoloa tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello li bontša ka ho hlaka hore mekhoa e hlakileng e ea hlokahala bakeng sa ho etsa liphetoho bathong ba seng ba hlahisitse mathata a bohlokoa a amanang le ba nang le mathata a fokolang (Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la US, 2016).

Khabareng, mekhoa e sebelisoang haholo ea thibelo e ka ba molemo. Ho felisoa ha bokhoni ba ho bapala lipapali tsa marang-rang nakong ea sekolo kapa lihora tsa ho robala kapa linako tse fetang nako e itseng ho fihlela ho ka paka ho fokotsa likhahla tsa mathata a papali. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la tlhaiso-leseling e tiileng, bahanyetsi ba mefuta ena ea litaelo ba ka khona, 'me mohlomong ba tla ngangisana khahlanong le bona.

Thibelo ea bobeli e fokotsa sekhahla sa lefu kapa kotsi e seng e etsahetse. E kenyelletsa boiteko ba ho fumana le ho phekola maloetse kapa likotsi kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang ho emisa kapa ho holofatsa butle-butle, maano a ho thibela mathata ho hopola hape, le mananeo a khutlisetsang batho maemong a bona a pele kapa a kotsi. Mehlala e kenyelletsa tlhaiso-leseling ho fumana maloetse maemong a pele (mohlala, mammograms ho fumana mofets'e oa matsoele) le mehato ea ho thibela mafu kapa likotsi tse ling (mohlala, aspirin ea tekanyetso e tlase ea stroke).

Ka ho hlakileng, boiteko ba bobeli ba thibelo bo ka sebetsa ebile bo bitsa chelete e ngata, ha li-insurerense le merero ea bophelo bo botle ba sechaba e koahelang litšenyehelo tsa bona. Leha ho le joalo, ho rala le ho sekaseka liteko tsa thibelo ea bobeli ho hloka kutloisiso e tiileng ea mabaka a kotsi le tsela ea boemo hammoho le tumellano ea mokhoa oa ho lekola boemo ka ts'epahalo le ka nepo. Patlisiso e thathamisitse maemo a kotsi bakeng sa mathata a papali (Molichaba et al., 2011; Lemmens, Valkenburg, & Peter, 2011; Petry et al., 2018; Rehbein & Baier, 2013), empa tlhahlobo ea eona ea bongaka le thupelo li lula li le thata (Petry et al., 2014, 2018). Ts'ebeliso e ngata ea inthanete ka sebopeho leha e le sefe kapa bakeng sa mesebetsi e mengata e atisa ho ferekanngoa le lipapali tse ngata kapa tse thata, ho sa tsotellehe bopaki bo ntseng bo hola ba liphapang tsa bona (Király et al., 2014; Montag et al., 2015; Rehbein & Mößle, 2013; Siomos, Dafouli, Braimiotis, Mouzas, le Angelopoulos, 2008; van Rooij, Schoenmakers, van de Eijnden, le van de Mheen, 2010). Ho lekola likotsi tse nang le likarolo tse ngata ho eketseha ho eketsa heterogeneity, ho etsa hore ho bona liphetoho ho be thata le ho feta. Ho feta moo, bonyane lintlha tse ling li fana ka maikutlo a hore mathata a papali a itlhahisa ho batho ba nang le mathata (Molichaba et al., 2011; Rothmund, Klimmt, & Gollwitzer, 2016; Scharkow, Festl, & Quandt, 2014; Thege, Woodin, Hodgins, & Williams, 2015; van Rooij et al., 2011). Ka hona, ho theha melemo ea liteko tsa bobeli tsa thibelo ho tla ba boima le ho feta, hobane ts'ebetso efe kapa efe e tla hloka ho bonts'a ntlafatso ea ho tšehetsa matšoao kapele le / kapa nako e telele ho feta litefiso tsa tlhabollo ea tlhaho.

Boiteko bo teng ba thibelo bo kenyelletsa liteko tsa ho koala lipapali le mokhathala, tse ka nkoang e le boiteko ba mantlha ba thibelo, haeba li ama bapalami bohle, kapa thibelo ea bobeli ho nka hore tšusumetso ea bona e sebetsa ka kotloloho ho ba seng ba qalile ho hlahisa mathata a amanang le papali. Ke lithuto tse fokolang feela tse lekotseng boiteko ka matla, 'me li hloka mahlale a maholo le a tsoetseng pele. Ho lekanyetsa thekiso ea lintho tse lemalloang, kapa papali ea chelete, ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ho hloka boiteko bo matla le ho beha leihlo khafetsa (mohlala, mabenkele le likasino).

Boiteko ba bobeli ba ts'ireletso bo sebetsang maemong a mang bo kenyelletsa ho hlahloba le ho nka khato ka bokhutšoanyane, tse kang tsa ho becha, tšebeliso ea joala le mathata a ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi (Madras le al., 2009; Baahelani le al., 2015). Teko ea mekhoa ena e sebetsa hantle haholo lihlopheng tse kotsing e kholo, joalo ka bacha kapa batho ba baholo ba nang le mathata a kelello a hlahang khafetsa le ba bang, empa ha ho hlile ho thoe ke matšoao a IGD ka botlalo. Ke boiteko bo fokolang haholo bo ntseng bo tsoela pele molemong oa ho fokotsa mathata a lipapali tsa pele ho lipapali (Morena, Delfabbro, Doh, et al., 2017).

Thibelo ea thuto e phahameng e fokotsa khahlanong le litlamorao tse mpe tsa bokuli kapa ho tsoa likotsi tse tsoelang pele. Ho kena lipakeng tsa tlhabollo le lihlopha tsa tšehetso ke mehlala ea liteko tse matla tsa thibelo ea maemo a phahameng a bophelo bo botle, tse kang mofetše, stroke, le lefu la tsoekere. Li-Angency tsa Alcoholics le lihlopha tse ling tsa mehato ea 12 li ka nkuoa e le litšebelisano tsa thibelo ea maemo a phahameng, ka lihlopha tse tšoanang tsa papali ea chelete esita le papali. Ke batho ba fokolang ba fumanang mananeo a thibelo ea thuto e phahameng, mme bao, ka litlhaloso, ba se ba bile le mathata a maholo.

Thibelo ea thuto e phahameng e fapana le kalafo, e bolelang lits'ebetso tse etselitsoeng ho khutlisa kapa ho nyenyefatsa maemo kapa maloetse, haholo ho ba batlang thuso ka mafolofolo. Joaloka Király et al. (2018) le litlhahlobo tse ling (Morena, Delfabbro, Griffiths, & Gradisar, 2011; Zajac, Ginley, Chang, & Petry, 2017) hlokomela, litlhahlobo tsa kalafo ea IGD li sa tsoa qala. Ha ho kalafo ea meriana kapa ea kelello bakeng sa IGD e nang le bopaki bo matla ba ho sebetsa hantle (King et al., 2011; Morena, Delfabbro, Wu, et al., 2017; Zajac et al., 2017), le boleng ba meralo ea ho ithuta bo lula bo sa loka. Ka mokhoa o nepahetseng, kalafo hammoho le boiteko ba ho thibela lefatše bo tla tataisoa ke 'mele le tlhaiso-leseling e mabapi le sebopeho sa boemo le li-comorbidities le mathata a tsona.

Qetellong, kalafo e sebetsang le maano a thibelo a mantlha, a mahareng le a phahameng a ka ba teng bakeng sa IGD. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho na monyetla oa hore indasteri ea lipapali e tla (kapa e lokela) ho ba le seabo ho nts'etsopele kapa ho lekola liteko tse joalo. Leha ba ka fuoe taelo ea ho ba tšehetsa ka lichelete ka melao ea 'muso kapa maano a lekhetho, karohano ea lichelete le lipatlisiso li bonahala li le bohlale. Lilemo tse mashome tsa boiphihlelo ka nicotine, koae le indasteri ea papali ea chelete ea papali ea chelete li lokela ho thella khahlanong le ts'ehetso ea indasteri bakeng sa lipatlisiso. Indasteri e ruang ka kotloloho ts'ebeliso ea lihlahisoa tse nang le litlamorao tse mpe li na le likhohlano tsa tlhaho tsa ts'usumetso ea ho susumetsa liteko tse matla tsa thibelo le kalafo. Re khothaletsa baetsi ba melao, baoki le bafuputsi (ho kenyeletsoa mafu a seoa, litsebi tsa maano a litsebi, litsebi tsa maano a sechaba, joalo-joalo) maemong a fapaneng (ho kenyeletsa tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi le boits'oaro bo bobebe, ADHD, mathata a mang a tloaelehileng a bongoana, le maemo a bophelo bo botle ba kelello) ho alima bona boiphihlelo ba ho loants'a mathata a papali le IGD molokong ona oa bacha le ba baholo.

Menehelo ea bangoli

Moralo oa pele oa pampiri ena o hlophisitsoe ke NMP. Bangoli bohle ba kentse letsoho ka har'a pampiri le / kapa ba fana ka maikutlo ho eona 'me ba amohetse mofuta oa ho qetela oa buka e ngotsoeng ka letsoho.

Khohlano ea thahasello

Ha ho likhohlano tsa lithahasello tse tlalehiloeng ke mongoli ofe kapa ofe.

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