Tlhalosong ena, ke bua ka pampiri ea haufinyane ea Király et al. (2018), e fanang ka tlhahlobo e hlophisehileng ea maano a hajoale le a ka bang teng a sebetsanang le mathata a lipapali mme a fana ka maikutlo a hore mekhoa ea hajoale e kenyelletsa (a) ho fokotsa ho fumaneha ha papali ea video, (b) ho fokotsa kotsi le kotsi, le (c) ho tšehetsa libapali. Tlhaloso ena e sebelisa lintlha tse 'maloa tse hlahisitsoeng ke Király et al. (2018) ho sebetsana le bothata ba maemo a leano ka ho tšohla (a) tikoloho ea setso le (b) sebapali le tikoloho ea papali ho (c) theha nyeoe ea thibelo ea ho fokotsa kotsi le kotsi le ho fana ka ts'ehetso ho libapali le malapa.
Tlhalosong ena, ke bua ka pampiri ea haufinyane ea Király et al. (2018), e fanang ka tlhaiso-leseling e hlophisehileng le e felletseng ea maano a hajoale le a nang le bokhoni a sebetsanang le lipapali tse nang le mathata mme e fana ka maikutlo a hore melaoana e fumanehang hajoale e teng linaheng tsa Asia, ho kenyeletsoa Rephabliki ea Korea le People's Republic of China. Ho fumanoe kakaretso ea lipampiri tse 12, ho fella ka hore bangoli ba khetholle mekhoa e fumanehang ka tsela e latelang: tse (a) lekanyetsang ho fumaneha ha lipapali, (b) ho fokotsa kotsi le kotsi, le (c) ho fana ka ts'ehetso ho bapalami. Ka kakaretso, Király et al. (2018) o ile a pheha khang ea hore ho latela bopaki bo bokelletsoeng, leano la hajoale le melao ea tsamaiso e amohetsoeng e ne e sa sebetse hantle mme e sa hlahlojoe ka nepo; ka hona, ba ile ba kopa mekhoa e meng ea ho kopanya ho ntlafatsa maano a hona joale. Tlhaloso ena e sebelisa lintlha tse 'maloa tse hlahisitsoeng ke Király et al. (2018ho sebetsana le taba ea leano le taolo ka ho tšohla (a) tikoloho ea setso le (b) sebapali le tikoloho ea papali ho (c) theha nyeoe ea thibelo ea ho fokotsa kotsi le kotsi le ho fana ka ts'ehetso ho bapalami le malapa.
Maano le Leano
Maemo le melaoana ea tsamaiso eo papali e ntseng e etsahala ho eona e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho holiseng monyetla oa ho hlahisa mathata ka lebaka la papali e fetelletseng. Karolong ena, ke tla sheba tikoloho ea setso, sebapali le tikoloho ea papali.
Ho fanoe ka maano a 'maloa a fumanehang hajoale a teng Rephabliking ea Korea, Király et al. (2018Hlalosa tikoloho ea setso le setso naheng eo: 'maraka oa lipapali tsa inthanete o etsa 19% ea mmaraka oa lipapali tsa lefats'e ho Rephabliki ea Korea Boroa, athe' maraka oa lipapali tsa mehala o etsa 14%, e ka nkoang e le likarolo tse kholo. Kamora 1995 Moralo oa Molao oa Khothaletso ea Tlhahisoleseling (Lekala la Tlhahisoleseling le Khokahano, 1995), e neng e ikemiselitse ho khothaletsa indasteri ea tlhaiso-leseling le puisano, ho kenella ka lebelo le holimo la inthanete e se e le ntho e tloaelehileng Rephabliking ea Korea ka 90% ea Makorea a nkile monyetla oa ho kena Inthaneteng ka lebelo le leholo ka 2015. Ho feta moo, ho ka fumaneha WiFi e lebelo haholo mahala lipalangoang tsa sechaba le literateng le meahong ea sechaba, ho fapana le linaha tse ling tse ngata (joalo ka UK), moo lebelo la inthanete le batlang le le tlase mme litheko tsa khokelo li ntse li le holimo haholo (Tšireletseho ea Terene le Maemo a Rail, 2016). Meaho ea marang-rang le theknoloji e kenya letsoho haholo ho boits'oaro le maikutlo a batho mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea mahlale. Chaena, bokhoba ba inthanete bo khethiloe e le bokuli ba kelello ka 2008, athe Europe, Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo (WHO) o kenyelelitse Mathata a Papali ea Lipapali joalo ka ha ho hlahlojoa semolao lilemo tse 10 hamorao, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore ho na le ho se lumellane ka hore na mathata a amanang le ona a hlaha joang libakeng tse fapaneng. Ntle le moo, linaheng tse ling tsa Asia, bokhoba ba marang-rang le papali ea papali li nkuoa e le ts'okelo e tebileng ea bophelo bo botle ba sechaba, athe boemo bo bonahala bo le bobe haholo lehlakoreng la ba itlhokomelang linaheng tsa Bophirimela, ho kenyeletsoa le UK. Mohlala, UK, Pampiri e Tala ea Mmuso oa Her Majness mabapi le Leano la Ts'ireletso ea Marang-rang (Mmuso oa HM, 2017) ha e so sebetsane le mathata afe kapa afe a amanang le bokhoba mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang. Ka hona, joalo ka karolo ea UK Council for Child Internet Safety Evidence Group (UKCCIS-EG), ke ile ka ngola karabo ea ho hlahisa bothata.
“EG (UK Council for Child Internet Safety Evidence Group) le eona e hlahisitse ngongoreho ka bothata ba lipapali mme hona ho bohlokoa haholo ha joale WHO e nkile qeto ea ho kenyelletsa Disorder ea Gaming ho ICD-11 e ncha. Taba ea mantlha mabapi le mokhoa oa ho sebelisa marang-rang ka polokeho le ka boikarabello ha e so sebetsoe ka nepo, e leng, hore na ts'ebeliso e fetelletseng ea inthanete e ka baka litlamorao tse kholo joang bophelong bo botle ba kelello, ho kenyeletsoa le bokhoba ba tahi. Haeba taba ena e ntse e rarolloa ke Lefapha la Bophelo la UK, re ka rata ho tseba hore na karabelo eo e tla nka sebopeho sefe. Ho fihlela joale, lithuto tse ngata li koahetse matšoao a tahi ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso e fetelletseng ea papali (mohlala, Kuss, Griffiths, & Pontes, 2017) le libaka tsa marang-rang (mohlala, Kuss le Griffiths, 2017Hape, le tšusumetso e mpe ea litsebiso tsa li-smartphone ho bophelo bo botle ba kelello le boiketlo ba batho (mohlala, Kanjo, Kuss, & Ang, 2017). Patlisiso ena e bonts'a hore ho na le bopaki bo matla bo bontšang hore ho ka ba le litlamorao tse kholo le tse kotsi tsa tšebeliso e fetelletseng ea mahlale le marang-rang ho bophelo ba kelello ba batho ka bomong, ho kenyeletsoa matšoao a khatello ea maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha le ho lemalla lithethefatsi. Mokhatlo oa American Psychiatric Association o nkile qeto ea ho kenyelletsa 'Internet Gaming Disorder' phetolelong ea morao-rao ea bukana ea bona ea ho hlahloba (DSM-5; Mokhatlo oa Mahlale oa Amerika, 2013) joalo ka boemo bo hlokang hore lipatlisiso tse ling li kenngoe bukeng ea mantlha. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, WHO joale e bua ka ho kenyelletsoa ha 'Gaming Disorder' bukeng e tlang ea tlhahlobo ea mafu, ICD-11, e tla phatlalatsoa ka 2018. Phitlhelelo ea mahlale le bongaka le bohlokoa ba taba ea ts'ebeliso e fetelletseng ea inthanete li lokeloa ho hlahlojoa ka hloko le ho feta sepheo sa lipatlisiso. ”
Boiteko ba UKCCIS-EG ba ho phahamisa tlhokomeliso ho tsoa ponong ea mmuso bo tsamaellana le Király et al.'s (2018) e supa hore “Mehato ea leano e lokela ho sebelisoa le ho hlahlojoa sebakeng sa heno”Ka ha ba hlalositse ka ho hlaka mefuta e fapaneng ea tšusumetso ea mmuso e ka amang mefuta ea maano le melaoana e ka kenngoang ts'ebetsong linaheng tse fapaneng. Ba supa hore liketso tsa leano tse thibelang ho kenella ha batho ka bomong lipapaling tsa dijithale, tse seng li hlahile linaheng tsa Asia, li kanna tsa se amohelehe linaheng tsa Bophirimela, hobane li ka nkuoa e le tlhaselo ea tokoloho ea sechaba. Ha ho nahanoa ka liphapang tse kholo mekhoeng e amanang le ts'ebeliso ea mahlale le mekhoa, sebopeho sa lipolotiki, le tšusumetso ea mmuso ho phatlalla le linaha le libaka tsa lefats'e ho pota lefatše, ho nahanoa mabapi le leano la sechaba, taolo le thibelo ea mahlale a mathata le ts'ebeliso ea lipapali ho hlokahala semelo sa moetlo o fapaneng oo ba etsahalang ho ona (Kuss, 2013). Maano le matsapa a hlahellang a sebetsa maemong a setso a le mang a kanna a se sebetse maemong a mang ka lebaka la kamohelo ea sechaba le likhaohano tse boletsoeng kaholimo ho setso le litloaelo tsa mmuso le tšusumetso ea mmuso.
Papali le tikoloho ea papali
Király et al. (2018) hape hlahisa taba ea hore tharollo ea "boholo bo lekanang" ha e ea nepahala ha ho nahanoa ka libapali tse nang le tšusumetso e fapaneng le ho bapala lipapali tse nang le litšobotsi tse fapaneng tsa sebopeho. Ntle le moo, lipatlisiso li bontšitse hore boits'oaro bo ts'oanang (joalo ka ho bapala lipapali nako e telele haholo, mohlala, 14 hr ka letsatsi) ha ho lebise liphellong tse ts'oanang ho bapalami (Griffiths, 2010). Nako e sebelisitsoeng ha e lekane joalo ka ha ho beoa moeli o senang bothata lipapaling tse nang le mathata (Király, Tóth, Urbán, Demetrovics, & Maraz, 2017). Lintlha tse ling li bohlokoa haholo ho bolela esale pele matšoao a tahi, e leng sepheo sa papali ea papali (Kuss, Louws, le Wiers, 2012) le boholo ba theknoloji e sebelisitsoeng ho sebetsana le khatello ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea bophelo (Kuss, Dunn, et al., 2017). Maemo a sebapali ke ntlha ea bohlokoa e ka thusang ho arola papali e fetelletseng ho tsoa bokhobeng ba lipapali, 'me tikoloho ea papali e ka fumana bohlokoa ho bapalami, ho latela maemo a bona a bophelo le lipapali tseo ba li ratang. Ntle le moo, maemo a setso sa papali a bohlokoa ebile a hloka ho tsotelloa kaha a kenyelletsa sebapali sechabeng se nang le litumelo le litloaelo tse arolelanoang, tse kenyang letsoho boitšoarong ba lipapali le maikutlo a amanang le tsona (Kuss, 2013).
Maemong a ho fokotsa likotsi le likotsi le ho thibela mathata a amanang le lipapali ho etsahala pele, Király et al. (2018) fana ka maikutlo a hore ho etsa litlhokomeliso litemoso lipapaling ho latela nako eo libapali li e qetang lipapaling (mohlala, lihora tse 25 kapa ho feta tsa beke le beke tse sebelisitsoeng papaling) e bonahala e le tharollo e ntle ka hona mekhoa e thibetsoeng e ka ba e loketseng. Leano lena le lumella ho shebana le boits'oaro ba mathata ka kotloloho ntle le ho ama boithabiso ba libapali bo se nang bothata ba ketsahalo ea boithabiso e phetseng hantle (Billieux, Schimmenti, Khazaal, Maurage, & Heeren, 2015).
Ho feta moo, Király et al. (2018fana ka maikutlo a hore boits'oaro bo ka amoheloa ho pholletsa le indasteri ea lipapali, e le hore taolo e hlophisitsoeng ka hloko le liteko tsa batsoali le melaetsa ea temoso e ka kenyelletsoang lipalo tsa papali ka boiketsetsoVan Rooij, Meerkerk, Schoenmakers, Griffiths, le van de Mheen, 2010). Litekanyo tsa hajoale tse loketseng lilemo tse ipapisitseng le pefo le litaba tsa thobalano li fanoa ke sisteme ea Pan European Game Information Europe le Setsi sa Boikhathollo sa Software Software ho la Amerika Leboea. Lintlha tse ling mabapi le litšoaneleho tse lemalloang tsa lipapali tsena li ka lekoa nakong e tlang ho utloisisa hore na mokhoa o joalo o tla ba le tšusumetso e kae ho khothalletseng khetho e ntle ea ho reka lipapali mabapi le ho sireletsa bophelo ba kelello le boiketlo ba libapali.
Phuputso e fetileng e bontšitse hore mekhoa ea thibelo e lokela ho beoa pele ho feta mekhoa ea kalafo hang ha mathata a bakoang ke ts'ebeliso e fetelletseng ea inthanete le papali e bontšitsoe (Turel, Mouttapa, & Donato, 2015). Mokhoa ona o bone ts'ehetso, ka molulasetulo oa Setsi sa Naha sa Bophelo le Tlhompho ea Tlhokomelo a bolela thibelo e betere ho feta kalafo (NTLE, 2015). Ho thibela mathata hore a se ke a hlaha ke (a) theko e tlase ho tsoa ponong ea lichelete tsa sechaba, (b) e fokotsa ho kula ha bakuli, (c) e eketsa boleng ba bophelo le boiketlo, (d) e eketsa tlhahiso ea basebetsi, mme (e) e fokotsa tiriso ya ditirelo tsa tlhokomelo ya boitekanelo (O'Connell, Sekepe le Warner, 2009), tseo kaofela e leng mabaka a matla molemong oa hore na hobaneng mokhoa oa thibelo ho Mathata a Papali ea Inthanete e khetha ho phekola lefu lena ha le se le hlahile.
Ho ipapisitsoe le lingoliloeng tse fumanehang tsa machabeng tsa thibelo le leano, King et al. (2017) o fumane hore mekhoa ea thibelo e shebiloeng e bonahala e ts'episa, mme ho lemoha Mathata a Gaming e le bothata bo hlophisitsoeng [bo fihletsoeng ke tlhophiso e ntlafalitsoeng ea WHO ea mafu (ICD-11) e phatlalalitsoeng ka 2018] e ts'ehetsa nts'etsopele ea merero e lebisitsoeng. Mekhoa e tlang ea thibelo e ka una molemo mefuteng e ipakileng e atlehile linaheng tse kang Rephabliki ea Korea, ha e ntse e fetoloa ho latela maemo a setso le linaha tseo merero eo e ntseng e sebelisoa ho tsona. Ho phahamisa tlhokomeliso ho lokela ho khothaletsoa, ha re ntse re sireletsa basebelisi ba inthanete le ho tšehetsa batho ka bomong le malapa ho etsa liqeto tse nang le tsebo.
Re lebelletse bokamoso, re na le boikarabello re le sehlopha re le bo-ramahlale, lingaka, batsoali, matichere, mebuso, mekhatlo e ikemetseng le bahlahisi ba lipapali ho tsebisa batho ka litlamorao tsa theknoloji e sebelisoang hampe le ho sireletsa batho ho ba le mathata ka lebaka la marang-rang a bona a feteletseng. tšebeliso ea lipapali. Re hloka ho netefatsa hore ka kopanelo re theha moralo oa lipatlisiso le tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle ho nolofalletsa mekhoa e bolokang litšenyehelo le e lebisitsoeng ho ts'ebetsong, e ts'ehetsoeng ke maano a mmuso le mekhoa ea taolo e sa fokotseng thabo ea lipapali tsa dijithale mme e hlompha motho ka mong le moetlo oa setso seo lipapali li etsahalang ho sona
DJK o kentse letsoho ho ngola sengoloa sena
Sengoli ha se na likhohlano tsa lithahasello.
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