Bohlokoa le Lintho tsa Addictive Internet Sebelisa bana ba lilemong tsa bocha Wuhan, Chaena: Likamano tsa Batsoali ba Amanang le Nako le ho se Tsitsisehe-Pherekano (2013)

PLoS One. 2013 Apr 15; 8 (4): e61782. Hatisa 2013.

Wu X, Chen X, Han J, Meng H, Luo J, Nydegger L, Wu H.

mohloli o moholo

Lefapha la Bophelo la Bana le Bacha le Bophelo ba Bo-ntate le Bacha, Univesithi ea Huazhong ea Saense le Theknoloji, Wuhan, Hubei, China.

inahaneloang

TLHOKOMELISO:

Phuputso ena e ile ea hlahloba ho ata ha ho lemalla Internet sebelisa le ho sekaseka karolo ea kamano ea batsoali ho ama sena boitshwaro ja har'a mehlala ea bacha ba Wuhan, China.

LITLHAHISO:

Baithuti (n = 1,101) ba ile ba khethoa ka mokhoa o sa khetholloheng likolong tse 'ne, ho kenyelletsa le bashanyana ba 638 le banana ba 463 ba nang le lilemo tse mpe tsa 13.8 (standard deviation = 1.2). lemalla Internet tšebeliso, kamano ea botsoali, hyperacaction-impulsivity e ne e lekantsoe ka lisebelisoa tse netefalitsoeng. Sekhahla sa prevalence, ANOVA le mokhoa o mongata oa ho ikatisa o ile oa sebelisoa ho sekaseka boemo ba Internet lemalla ntho le kamano ea eona le kamano ea botsoali, hyperactivity-impulsivity, hammoho le tšebelisano ea kamano ea botsoali le lilemo tsa tatellano ea liketsahalo le khatello ea maikutlo.

LIKOTSO:

Tekanyo e atileng ea Internet lemalla ntho e ne e le 13.5% (16.5% bakeng sa bashanyana le 9.5% bakeng sa banana, p<0.01). Bapisoa le bao e seng-ho lemalla basebedisi, ho lemalla Internet basebelisi ba ne ba fuoe lintlha tse tlase haholo likamanong tsa botsoali le boemo bo phahameng haholo ho khatello ea maikutlo. Tlhahlobo ea ts'ebelisano e bonts'itse hore kamano e ntle ea botsoali e ne e amahanngoa le phokotso e eketsehileng kotsing ea ho lemalla Internet sebelisa bakeng sa baithuti ba banyenyane ho feta bakeng sa baithuti ba baholo, mme o na le kotsi e fetang ea Internet lemalla ntho har'a ba phahameng ho feta har'a baithuti ba tlase ba khatello ea maikutlo.

CONCLUSIONS:

Se fumaneng thuto ena se bontša hore mocha ho lemalla Internet ts'ebeliso ke ts'okelo e kholo ea bophelo bo botle ba sechaba Chaena. Mehato ea thibelo e lebisitseng kamanong ea batsoali e tlameha ho nahana ka lilemo tsa bocha le tšekamelo ea ho se ts'oenyehe.

Tlhaloso: Wu X, Chen X, Han J, Meng H, Luo J, et al. (2013) Prevalence le lintlha tsa tšebeliso ea marang-rang tse kenelletseng har'a batho ba lilemong tsa bocha Wuhan, China: Litšebelisano tsa Kamano ea Batsoali le Age le Hyperacaction-Impulsivity. PloS ONE 8 (4): e61782. Doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0061782

mohlophisi: Marianna Mazza, Univesithi ea K'hatholike ea Sacred Heart ea Roma, Italy

Re amohetse: Novemba 23, 2012; E amohetse: Ka March 13, 2013; E phatlalalitsoe: April 15, 2013

Copyright: © 2013 Wu et al. Ena ke sengolo se bulehileng se fihletsoeng tlasa tumellano ea Lichelete ea Tlhahiso ea Tlas'a Tlhahiso, e lumellang tšebeliso e sa thibeloang, phetiso, le tlhahiso hape ka mofuta o mong le o mong, ha feela mongoli oa mantlha le mohloli ba ngoliloe.

Lithuso: Boithuto bona bo tšehelitsoe ka karolo e 'ngoe ke Lenaneo la Naha la R&D la Theknoloji (Moputso #: 2007BAI17B03). Bafani ba lichelete ba ne ba sena karolo ho moralo oa boithuto, pokello ea lintlha le tlhahlobo, qeto ea ho e phatlalatsa kapa ho hlophisa sengoloa. Ha ho chelete e eketsehileng ea kantle e fumanoeng bakeng sa boithuto bona.

Lithahasello tse tsitsitseng: Bangoli ba boletse hore ho na le lithahasello tsa tlhōlisano tse teng.

Selelekela

Khōlo e Hlohlelletsang ea Netizens le Ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang e eketsang

Palo ea batho ba sebelisang marang-rang kapa netizens naheng ea China ho bile le kholo e potlakileng lilemong tse mashome a mabeli tse fetileng. Lintlha tsa boithuto le lirekoto tsa tekheniki tse tsoang Setsing sa Tlhahisoleseling sa China Internet Network (CNNIC) li bonts'a hore palo eohle ea likhakanyo tsa China e eketsehile ho tloha ho 0.62 milione ho 1997 ho isa ho 126 milione ho 2006, le ho 513 milione ka December, 2011 [1], [2]. Ho li-netizens tsena, ho feta halofo (56.5%) kapa limilione tse 300 ke bacha ba Machaena ba ka tlase ho lilemo tsa 30. Bareki bana ba banyenyane ba qeta lihora tse ngata tsa 18.7 ka beke inthaneteng [2]. Palo e kholo ea barekisi ba banyenyane ba Chaena le tšebeliso e phahameng ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang li bontša ho potlaka ho hlahloba tšebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang, haholo-holo tšebeliso ea marang-rang har'a bacha le ho fuputsa mabaka a susumetsang a ts'ebetso ea ts'ireletso ea ts'ireletso.

Bokhoba ba marang-rang, bo tsejoang hape e le tšebeliso ea inthanete kapa tšebeliso e mpe ea tahi, bo ile ba qala ho lemohuoa e le bothata ba bophelo bo botle United States bohareng ba 1990 [3], [4]. Dr. Goldberg, ngaka ea mafu a kelello ea New York, ho lumeloa hore ke eena motho oa pele oa tlhahiso ea polelo Boloetse ba ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete ho ipapisitsoe le maemo a tsoang bukeng ea Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder – IV (DSM-IV) [5]. Har'a litlhaloso tse 'maloa tsa bokhoba ba marang-rang, mosebetsi oa Young ke oa bohlokoa ka ho khetheha. O hlalositse lekhoba la marang-rang e le bothata bo laolang tšusumetso e sa amaneng le joala bo ts'oanang le matšoao a ho becha. Ho tataisa lipatlisiso tsa bokhoba ba marang-rang, o thehile tekanyo, Teko ea Bacha ba Inthanete [6], e sebelisitsoeng haholo lithutong tsa lipatlisiso tse tlalehiloeng [7], [8].

Phatlalatso e Phahameng ea Ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang e kenelletseng Chaena

Lintlha tse tsoang liphuputsong tse 'maloa li bonts'a hore keketseho ea keketseho ea inthanete har'a ma China a mangata e tsoa ho 8-10% e nang le banna ba bangata ho feta basali ke basebelisi ba marang-rang ba lemaletseng [9]-[12]. Litefiso li tšoana le tse tlalehiloeng bakeng sa bacha Hong Kong, Taiwan [13], le Korea [14]. Bopaki bo fetolang bo tsoang mehloling e fapaneng bo bontša hore bacha ba sebelisang marang-rang ka ho qhekella ba kotsing e kholo ea ho ba le mathata a mangata a mabe a bophelo, boits'oaro le bophelo bo botle, ho kenyelletsa khatello ea maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha, bolutu [15]-[19], ho se sebetse hantle sekolong, ho se hlophise bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi le likamano tse mpe tsa botho [15], [18]-[22]. Phuputso e 'ngoe e tlalehile kamano e matla pakeng tsa ts'ebeliso e mpe ea tšebeliso ea inthanete le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi har'a bacha ba China [9]. Ho bohlokoa haholo bophelong bo botle ba sechaba ho sireletsa bacha ts'ebelisong e mpe ea inthanete ho qoba litlamorao tse mpe.

Kamano e Mpe ea Batsoali Ha e sa Tsietse Kotsi

Ho utloisisa ts'ebeliso e ntle ea inthanete le ho sireletsa ka mokhoa o atlehileng haholoanyane ts'ebeliso ea mathata a marang-rang, bafuputsi ba fumane lintlha tse 'maloa tsa kotsi, ho kenyelletsa motho ka mong (mohlala, lilemo, bong), psychosocial (mohlala, khatello ea maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha, ho itsebahatsa) , le likarolo tsa lelapa [21]-[23]. Har'a lintho tse ngata, kamano ea batsoali e ka ba ea bohlokoa haholo [14], [24], [25]. Lipatlisiso tse fumanoeng mehloling e fapaneng li bontša hore kamano ea batsoali e futsanehileng e kanna ea ba le karolo ea bohlokoa ho tsebeng hore na ngoana ea lilemong tsa bocha ea sebelisang inthanete o tla fetela ho mosebelisi ea lemaletseng marang-rang joang [26]-[29]. Ho hloka tlhokomelo ea motsoali [29]-[33], likhohlano tse eketsehileng tsa motsoali le ngoana [26]-[28], [34], le maikutlo a ho lahloa ke motsoali le kotlo [26], [27], [35] khafetsa li amahanngoa le kotsi e eketsehileng ea tšebeliso e mpe ea tšebeliso ea inthanete. Ho haelloa ke tlhokomelo le tlhokomelo ea botsoali ho ka etsa hore bacha ba kene marang-rang bakeng sa tšehetso ea maikutlo le ea sechaba [26], [36]; ha bacha ba nang le mathata a kelello ka lebaka la tšebeliso e telele ea inthanete, le bona ba ka ea inthaneteng bakeng sa thuso, ba etsa potoloho e mpe. [37].

Age le Hyperacaction-impulsivity Ho fetolela Kameho ea Batsoali

Nako ea bocha e emela nako ea ho holisa 'mele le kelello ka potlako [12]. Kameho ea kamano ea batsoali ho tsoelo-pele e fapana bakeng sa bacha lilemong tse fapaneng [38], [39]. Matla a kamano pakeng tsa batsoali le bana a fokotseha ka lilemo [40], [41]. Ka lebaka leo, tšusumetso ea kamano ea botsoali ts'ebelisong e lemaletseng ea Marang-rang e ka fapana bakeng sa bacha lilemong tse fapaneng. Nts'etsopele, tšehetso e eketsehileng ea botsoali ea hlokahala bakeng sa bacha lilemong ho feta ho bacha ba holileng ho hola le ho hola [42]. Ho sa le joalo, ntle le tšusumetso ea botsoali, kamano e ntle lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete le nako ea tatellano ea liketsahalo e se e bonoe har'a bacha. [33], [43]. Ho feta moo, liphuputso tse mabapi le boitšoaro bo bong bo seng kotsi li senotse hore litlamorao tsa ts'ireletso ea batsoali mabapi le bosholu le boits'oaro ba mathata li matla ho bacha lilemong ho feta lilemong tsa bocha [44]-[49]. Liphumano tsena tsa lipatlisiso li fana ka maikutlo a hore tšusumetso ea kamano ea batsoali ho ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete ho bacha e ka fetoloa le lilemo tsa bacha. Re kholoa hore kotsi ea kamano e mpe ea botsoali ea tšebeliso e mpe ea inthanete e kholo bakeng sa bacha lilemong ho feta ho bacha ba baholo. Ho utloisisa kamano ea batsoali le lilemo tsa mocha ho bohlokoa haholo ho thibela bokhoba ba marang-rang; leha ho le joalo, ha ho na thuto e tlalehiloeng e ileng ea hlahloba tšebelisano ena har'a bacha ba Machaena.

Ntle le lilemo tsa bocha, maemo a amanang le khatello ea maikutlo a phahameng ka ho fetesisa a ka ntlafatsa phello ea kamano ea motsoali tšebelisong e mpe ea inthanete. Joaloka subtype ea Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), khatello ea maikutlo ke ntho e ipehang kotsing bakeng sa boits'oaro bo bongata bo kenyelletsang ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete har'a bacha. [7], [43], [50]-[55]. Ho bonolo ho lemoha bana ba maiketsetso le ba susumetsang maikutlo empa ho thata ho ba hlokomoloha. Hangata ba ba le maemo a phahameng a ho se tsotelle ho sebelisaneng ha motsoali le ngoana [56]-[58]. Bo-'mè ba bana ba nang le khatello e matla ka tloaelo ba ne ba le bobe le ho feta nakong ea papali 'me ba ne ba sa arabele hantle lipuisanong tse neng li qaliloe ke ngoana [58], ha bacha ba nang le khatello ea maikutlo le ba sa tsitsang hangata ba ba le mathata le batsoali [59], [60]. Ka lebaka leo, mocha ea nang le khatello ea maikutlo o ka ba kotsing e kholo ea ho fihlella le ho sebelisa Marang-rang ka ho phehella, ho lebisang kotsing e kholo ea ts'ebeliso e mpe. Ka hona, ho na le monyetla oa hore tšusumetso ea kamano ea botsoali ts'ebelisong e sebelisang inthanete e ka fapana bakeng sa bacha ba nang le maemo a fapaneng a khatello ea maikutlo. Ho utloisisa mokhoa ona ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho kenella ho lebisitsoeng, empa ha ho na lipatlisiso tse tlalehiloeng tse ileng tsa hlahloba bothata bona har'a bacha ba China.

Morero oa thuto ena

Phuputso e teng hona joale e batlile ho lekola litheolelo tsa tšebeliso e mpe ea tšebeliso ea inthanete har'a bacha ba China, ho lekola kamano ea kamano ea botsoali le bokhoba ba marang-rang, le ho lekola karolo ea lilemo tsa tatellano le khatello ea maikutlo ho fetoleng kopano pakeng tsa kamano ea motsoali le inthanete e lemaletseng. sebelisa. Liphetho tsa thuto ena li tla ntšetsa pele kutloisiso ea rona ea tšebeliso ea inthanete e lemaletseng le ho fana ka datha tse ncha tse tšehetsang boits'ebetso ho sireletsa bana tšebeliso e mpe ea inthanete.

mekhoa

Moralo oa ho Ithuta le Barupeluoa

Tumello e ngotsoeng e tsoang ho motsoali le tumello e ngotsoeng e tsoang ho motsoali e fumanoe ho tsoa ho bohle ba nkang karolo pele ba qeta tlhahlobo. Protocol eo ea ho ithuta e ile ea hlahlojoa le ho netefatsoa ke Komiti ea Setso ea Tongji Medical College, Univesithing ea Mahlale le Theknoloji ea Huazhong. Lintlha tse sebelisitsoeng bakeng sa tlhahlobo ena li bokelitsoe ho 2009. Barupeluoa ba ile ba hloaea ho tsoa likolong tse bohareng tsa sechaba Wuhan, motse-moholo oa provense o bohareng ba China o nang le baahi ba fetang limilione tse robeli 2009 [61], [62]. Baithuti ba ile ba khethoa ka mokhoa o sa ts'oaneng ba sebelisa mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa methapo ea methapo e le methati mehatong e 'meli. Mohato oa pele e ne e le ho khetha likolo tse 'ne tse bohareng tse bohareng tse nang le lintlha tse latelang: boholo ba sekolo, bo fumanehang libakeng tse fapaneng tsa Wuhan, tse emelang maemo a fapaneng a thuto, le ho ikemisetsa ho nka karolo. Mohato oa bobeli e ne e le ho khetha ka boomo liithuti ka tlelase, 'me baithuti ba sehlopha se khethiloeng ka letsatsi la tlhahlobo ba ile ba memeloa ho nka karolo. Baithuti bohle (n = 1,344) litlelaseng tse sampole tsa 28 tse tsoang likolong tse 'ne tse khethiloeng li ile tsa memeloa, mme 1,299 ea lumela ho nka karolo (sekhahla sa karabelo = 96.7%). Har'a barupeluoa bana, 1,200 e fane ka lintlha tsa bohlokoa, bao 1,101 (91.7%) ba tlalehileng hore ba na le monyetla oa ho kena inthaneteng.

Baithuti ba supileng ba tsoang sekolong sa Tongji Medical College ba ile ba koetlisetsoa ho etsa tlhahlobo. Ho bokella data ho phethellelitsoe ka har'a tlelase. Babokelli ba data ba koetlisitsoeng ba ile ba abela bana ba neng ba nkile karolo lipotso tsa tlhahlobo le ho ba laela hore ba phethe tlhahlobo ba sa tsebe. Matichere, batsamaisi ba sekolo le basebetsi ba ile ba koptjoa hore ba tsamaee ha baithuti ba ntse ba phethela bukana ea lipotso. Potso ena e ne e e-na le lintlha tse 'ne (1) tsa demographic, (2) boleng ba Life Scale bakeng sa Bana le Bacha [63], (3) Potso le Matla a Marang-rang (SDQ, Kid Kid) [64], le (4) Ts'ebeliso ea inthanete. Ho nkile metsotso e ka bang 20-25 ho baithuti ba bangata ho phethela tlhahlobo.

Mehato

Tlatsetso ea inthanete.

Teko ea Inthanete ea Keketso ea Inthanete, mofuta oa Sechaena (YIAT-C) e ne e sebelisoa ho lekola ho lemalla ha inthanete. YIAT-C e nkiloe phetolelong ea eona ea Senyesemane bakeng sa basebelisi ba Marang-rang ba China [8]. Joalo ka tekanyo ea mantlha, e ne e na le lintho tsa 20 tse lekolang makhetlo a 20 mefuta e fapaneng ea boits'oaro ba tlhekefetso ea marang-rang (1 = "ho hang" le 5 = "kamehla"). Mohlala o tloaelehileng ke oa "Ke hangata hakae u lekang ho fokotsa nako eo u e sebelisang marang-rang empa u sa atlehe?" Lipotso tsa 20 YIAT-C li ile tsa kenngoa lenaneng la lipotso tsa tlhahlobo ea pokello ea data. Lintlha tse tsoang lithutong tse tlalehiloeng li bontša ho ts'epahala hoa YIAT lipuong tse ling ntle le Senyesemane (Cronbach alpha ≥0.90) [65], [66]. Tlhahlobo ea psychometric ea data ea rona e bonts'a hore Cronbach alpha e fapana ho tloha 0.90 ho 0.91 bakeng sa li-subgroups tse fapaneng ka bong, sehlopha le lilemo. Bokhoba ba marang-rang bo ile ba hlahlojoa ka ho akaretsa lintlha tsa YIAT-C (bophara ba 20 ho 100, M = 36) le lintlha ≥50 li ne li thathamisitsoe e le lekhoba la marang-rang [65].

Kamano ea Batsoali.

Kamano ea botsoali e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa bukana ea kamano ea batsoali ea boleng ba bophelo bakeng sa bana le bacha (QLSCA) [63]. Subscale ena e na le lintho tse 'ne, tse tharo tse lekolang tšebelisano ea motsoali le ngoana le e' ngoe e lekolang khotsofalo eo ho nahanoang hore ke ea bana ea kamano ea motsoali. Lintho tse tharo tse hlahlobang tšebelisano ea motsoali le ngoana ke: (1) “Batsoali ba hau ba qeta nako e kae le uena?” (2) “U nahana hore batsoali ba hao ba u utloisisa hangata hakae?” Le (3) bophelo, u ikemiselitse hakae ho bolella batsoali ba hau? ”(Likhetho tsa karabo: 1 =" Ha ho mohla "le 4 =" Kamehla "). Potso e lekanyang khotsofalo ea kamano ea motsoali ke: "Le khotsofetse hakae ke kamano e teng pakeng tsa hau le batsoali ba hau?" (1 = "ho hang ha e khotsofatse" le 4 = "kamehla e khotsofatsa"). Cronbach alpha ea subs subsale ena e ne e le 0.77, 'me lintlha tse bitsitsoeng li ile tsa qaptjoa bakeng sa tlhahlobo e le hore lintlha tse phahameng li ile tsa supa khotsofalo e kholo ea likamano tsa motsoali le ngoana.

Hyperacaction-Impulsivity.

Hyperactivity-impulsivity e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa lipotso tsa Thuso le Mathata (Lintho tsa 5) [64], [67]. Re khethile tekanyo ena hobane lintlha tsa lithuto tse phatlalalitsoeng li bonts'a hore lintlha tsa SDQ li ne li tsamaellana haholo le khatello ea maikutlo, matšoenyeho le ADHD [68]. Lintho tse hlano tse hlahlobang hyperacaction-impulsivity ke: (1) "Ha ke phomole, 'me ke nka nako e telele hore ke theole moea." (2) "Ke ferekana habonolo,' me ke thatafalloa ho tsepamisa mohopolo." (3) Ke lula ke hlonepha kapa hona ho tiisa. ”(4)" Ke nahana pele ke etsa lintho. "Le (5)" Ke phethela mosebetsi oo ke o etsang. Ho tsepamisitsoe maikutlo ho lokile. ”Lintho li ile tsa hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa lenane la 3-point le 0 =" Ha ke lumellane ", 1 =" Ha u na bonnete / ha u tsebe ", le 2 =" Lumellana. " e nkiloe ho SDQ ea mantlha (Goodman, 1997), 'me e bonts'itse ts'epahalo le bonnete bo loketseng hara bacha ba China [64], [67]. Likolo tsa Sum li ile tsa kopitsoa kamora hore lintho tse peli tse boletsoeng ka ho hlaka (4 le 5) li hlophisoe bocha hoo lintlha tse phahameng li bonts'itseng kholo e kholo le ho hloka matla.

Mekhoa e fapaneng ea palo ea batho.

Lilemo (lilemong), thobalano (monna le mosali), sehlopha sa sekolo se ne se kenyellelitsoe ho hlalosa mohlala.

Tlhahlobo ea Litekanyetso

Tlhatlhobo ea Bivariate (T-test t-Student le ANOVA bakeng sa mefuta e tsoelang pele le chi-mraba bakeng sa mekhahlelo ea mekhahlelo) e sebelisitsoe ho lekola kamano pakeng tsa mabaka a kotsi le litekanyetso tsa bokhoba ba marang-rang, hammoho le tšebelisano ea kamano ea botsoali le botsofaling le khatello ea maikutlo . Ho lekola tšebelisano ea lilemo le kamano ea botsoali, barupeluoa ba ne ba arotsoe ka baroetsana le bacha ba baholo ba nang le lilemo tsa 14 e le ntlha ea bohlokoa; ho lekola tšebelisano-hloko ea khatello ea maikutlo mabapi le kamano ea motsoali, phapang ena e ile ea qhekelloa ho sebelisoa 90th percentile ha sebaka sa cutoff se fihla [69]. Liphetho tse tsoang tlhahlobisong ea bivariate li ile tsa netefatsoa hape ka ho sebelisa mekhoa e mengata ea ho ikamahanya le maemo ho kenyelletsa li-covariate tsa lilemo le bong. Phoso ea mofuta oa I e behiloe ho p<0.05 level (two-tailed) liphuputsong tsa lipalo tsa liteko tsa hypothesis. Patlisiso ea lipalo-palo e ile ea etsoa ho sebelisoa software SPSS mofuta oa 18.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics).

Results

Litšobotsi tsa Sebopeho sa Thuto

Lintlha tsa barupeluoa ba 1,101 (bashanyana ba 638 le banana ba 463) tse nang le phihlello ea Marang-rang li kentsoe mme li tlalehiloe ka 91.7% ea sampole kaofela. Liphetho ho Lethathamo 1 supa hore hara sampole, halofo e ne e le lilemo tse 13 le tse nyane tse nang le lilemo tsa 12.8 (SD = 1.2). Moetso oa YIAT-C e ne e le 36.0 (SD = 11.9) bakeng sa sampole e felletseng, mme bashanyana ba fumane lintlha tse phahameng haholo ho feta banana (t = 5.1, p<0.001). Ho ne ho se na phapang e kholo ea bong kamanong e nahanoang ea botsoali (t = 0.5, p = 0.623) le likotsi tsa hyperactivity-impulsivity (t = -1.6, p = 0.109).

ponahalo e nyane
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Tafole 1. Litšobotsi tsa Mohlala oa ho Ithuta.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0061782.t001

Bokapele ba Ts'ebeliso e Ntle ea Inthanete

Lethathamo 2 e akaretsa sekhahla sa litekanyetso tsa ho ata ha tšebeliso ea inthanete. Ka kakaretso, 149 (13.5%, 95% CI: 11.5, 15.5%) ba arabelitsoeng ba ne ba khethiloe e le basebelisi ba marang-rang ba lemaletseng. Teko ea chi-mraba e bonts'itse hore litekanyetso tsa ho ata ha tsona li ne li phahame haholo bakeng sa banna ho feta tsa basali (16.5% vs. 9.5%, p<0.01) ebile e phahame haholo bakeng sa bacha ba holileng ho feta bacha ba lilemong tsa bocha (15.7% vs. 11.5%, p<0.05). Ho bile le tloaelo e ntseng e eketseha ea sekhahla sa ts'oaetso ea ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete le limaraka tsa sekolo (p<0.05 ho tsoa tekong ea Cochran Armitage).

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Tafole 2. Bokapele ba tšebeliso ea marang-rang a kenang har'a batho ba lilemong tsa bocha ba nang le phihlello ea Marang-rang, 2009, Wuhan, China (N = 1101).

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0061782.t002

Mokhatlo oa Kamano ea Batsoali le Hyperacaction-Impulsivity le Tlhahiso ea Inthanete

Liphetho ho Lethathamo 3 bonts'a hore basebelisi ba marang-rang ba lemaletseng marang-rang ba fumane lintlha tse tlase haholo kamanong ea motsoali ha ba bapisoa le basebelisi bao eseng ba tlatsetso bakeng sa sampole e felletseng.t = 2.11, p<0.05), bakeng sa batho ba arabileng basali (t = 2.56, p = 0.01), bakeng sa ba arabetseng bonyane (t = 2.48, p = 0.01), le bakeng sa ba arabelang ho sehlopha sa borobong (t = 2.00, p

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Tafole 3. Phapang Kamanong ea Batsoali le Hyperacaction-Impulsivity pakeng tsa Basebelisi ba Inthanete ba Tlatsetso le Ba sa Tlatseheng, Baithuti ba Sekolo se Bohareng, 2009, Wuhan, China.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0061782.t003

Ha ho bapisoa le basebelisi ba sa keneleng bokhoba, basebelisi ba marang-rang ba lemaletseng ba fumane lintlha tse phahameng haholo lenaneong lena la thuto eo u ka e etsang molemong oa sampole le bakeng sa sehlotšoana ka bong, lilemo le sehlopha sa sekolo. Mohlala, hara ba arabetseng ba batona, basebelisi ba lemaletseng ba fumane lintlha tse kholo ho feta basebelisi ba sa lemalloang linthong tse amanang le khatello ea maikutlo (5.19 vs. 3.36, p<0.01). Ho bile le liphapang tse tšoanang bakeng sa baithuti ba lilemo li 13 kapa tlase le baithuti ba sehlopheng sa bosupa.

Liphetho ho tsoa ho tlhaiso-leseling ea methapo ea methapo ho Lethathamo 4 e bonts'itse kamano ea botsoali (b = -0.07, p <0.05) le khatello ea maikutlo (b = 1.95, p <0.01) e ne e le likhakanyo tsa bohlokoa tsa lintlha tsa YIAT-C kamora ho laola lilemo, le bong ha tšebelisano e sa nkuoe. Ke).

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Tafole 4. Lintlha tse amanang le Tšebeliso ea Inthanete e Tlatsehang har'a Bacha ba Wuhan, China.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0061782.t004

Liphetoho tsa Phetoho ea Nako ea Bacha ho Kamano ea Batsoali

Mohlala II o fella ka Lethathamo 4 bontša hore kamano ea botsoali e ne e sebelisane hampe le lilemo (b = -0.02, p <0.01) mme e sebelisane hantle le ho se ts'oenyehe-bosholu (b = 0.04, p <0.01) kamora ho laola lilemo, bong le phello e ka sehloohong ea mefuta ena e 'meli. Setšoantšo sa 1 'me Setšoantšo sa 2 hlahisa litlamorao tse peli tse sebetsanang.

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Setšoantšo sa 1. Tšebelisano ea lilemo le kamano ea botsoali bothateng ba bokhoba ba marang-rang.

In Setšoantšo sa 1, mohala o tsoelang pele oa putsoa ke oa 13 le o monyane, 'me mohala o mofubelu o qhekellang ke oa 14 le ho feta.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0061782.g001

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Setšoantšo sa 2. Tšebelisano ea hyperacaction-impulsivity le kamano ea motsoali ho Tebeliso ea Inthanete.

In Setšoantšo sa 2, mohala o tsoellang o moputsoa ke oa khatello e tlase ea khatello, 'me mohala o mofubelu o qhekellang ke bakeng sa khatello e phahameng ea maikutlo.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0061782.g002

 

Puisano le Liphetho

Ts'ebeliso e sebelisang inthanete ke phephetso ea bophelo bo botle ba sechaba mme bothata bona bo potlakile China. Ho na le palo e ntseng e eketseha ea li-netizens Chaena, tseo hajoale li fetang limilione tse 500. Thutong ena, re tlalehile litholoana ho tsoa phuputsong eo re e entseng mabapi le tšebeliso ea Inthanete e lemalloang le lintlha tse bang le tšusumetso Wuhan, China. Se fumaneng thuto ena se eketsa data e ncha ho rona ho utloisisa karolo ea kamano ea batsoali le tšebelisano ea eona le lilemo le tšusumetso e matla ho amang monyetla oa bokhoba ba marang-rang ba lilemong tsa bocha.

Phatlalatso e phahameng ea bokhoba ba marang-rang

Liphumano tse tsoang tlhahlobisong ea rona li bonts'itse hore 13.5% ea baithuti ba mahareng ba China ba nang le monyetla oa ho kena inthaneteng ba lemaletse marang-rang. Tekanyetso ena e ne e phahame ho feta litefiso tse tlalehiloeng hajoale har'a baithuti ba sekolo se phahameng (6.4%) le baithuti ba koleche (12.2%) Chaena ba sebelisa tekanyo e tšoanang ea YIAT-C [8], [12], [70]. Se fumaneng lithuto tsa rona se fana ka maikutlo a hore bacha ba limilione tse makholo ba bacha ba Machaena joale ba lemaletse marang-rang. Liphello tse hlahisoang ke bophelo bo botle le sechaba li ka ba ngata haholo haeba ho sa nkuoe mehato e potlakileng le e matla ea ho thibela seoa sena. Se fumanoeng tlhahlobisong ea rona se bonts'itse hore bacha ba nang le bong ba batona le ba banyenyane ba kotsing e kholo ea ho lemalla ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi Inthaneteng. Ka hona, li na le kemiso e tlang pele bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea thibelo ea tšebeliso ea litheko tsa inthanete.

Bohlokoa Karolo ea Kamano ea Batsoali ho Tebello ea Marang-rang ea Bacha

Se fumanoeng ke thuto ena se tšehetsa maikutlo a rona a hore likamano tse mpe tsa botsoali li ne li amahanngoa le menyetla e eketsehileng ea ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete har'a bacha ba China. Ha ho bapisoa le basebelisi ba marang-rang ba sa sebeliseng lithethefatsi, basebelisi ba lithethefatsi ba fumane lintlha tse tlase haholo ho Scale sa Kamano ea Batsoali 'me ho bile le kamano e mpe lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa Sekolo sa Kamano ea Batsoali le lintlha tsa YIAT-C. Liphumano tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore menyetla ea ho lemalla lithethefatsi tsa inthanete e tla ba kholo ho barutoana bao hangata ba sa qete nako ba e qeta le batsoali ba bona, ba sa utloe hore batsoali ba bona baa ba utloisisa ebile ha ba bolelle batsoali ba bona mathata. Seo re se fumaneng thutong ea rona se matlafalitse qeto e tsoang lipatlisisong tse fetileng mabapi le kotsi ea kamano e mpe ea botsoali ea tšebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea inthanete har'a bacha. [26]-[28], [34] le ho holisa lintlha tse mabapi le tšebelisano ea motsoali le ngoana le puisano le boits'oaro bo botle ba bophelo ka kakaretso.

Tšebelisano 'moho Kamanong ea Batsoali le Lintho Tse Ling Tse Ntlafatsang

Phello e ikhethang thutong ea rona ke hore kamano pakeng tsa kamano ea botsoali le tšebeliso e mpe ea tšebeliso ea inthanete ha e bobebe empa e fapana ka mabaka a mantlha a bohlokoa a kenyelletsang, ho kenyeletsoa lilemo, bong le litšobotsi tse amanang le khatello ea maikutlo. Liphumano ho tsoa ho bohlahlobisisi ba rona, ho kenyelletsa tlhahlobo e bonolo ea papiso, ANOVA le maemo a mangata a morao-rao a bonts'a hore le ha bacha ba nang le kamano e ntle ea botsoali ba ne ba le menyetla ea ho ba lekhoba la marang-rang le kopaneng, kamano e fapana ka lilemo le maemo a khatello ea maikutlo. Kamano e mpe lipakeng tsa kamano ea botsoali le bokhoba ba marang-rang e ne e le matla ho liithuti tsa lilemo tsa 13 kapa e monyane ho baithuti ba lilemo li 14 le ba baholo. Kamano e ntle ea botsoali e ne e amahanngoa le kotsi e eketsehang ea ho lemalla lithethefatsi Inthaneteng har'a baithuti ba nang le maemo a phahameng a khatello ea maikutlo ho feta baithuti ba maemo a tlase.

Lits'oants'o tsa Ts'ebetso ea Thibelo

Se fumanoeng sa kamano e mpe lipakeng tsa kamano ea botsoali le bokhoba ba marang-rang se bontša karolo e ka bang teng ea ho ntšetsapele kamano e ntle ea botsoali ho feliseng ts'ebeliso ea seoa ea inthanete har'a bacha ba China. Kharikhulamo e sebetsang ea thibelo ea thibelo e lokela ho kenyelletsa litaba tsa ho khothaletsa puisano ea motsoali le ngoana, e khothaletse batsoali ho qeta nako le bana ba bona ba lilemong tsa bocha, le ho ba ruta ho utloisisa litlhoko tsa bana ba bona ba lilemong tsa bocha, ho kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea inthanete. Boithuto bo tlalehiloeng, ho kenyeletsoa liteko tse laoloang ka mokhoa o ikemetseng li fana ka maikutlo a ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea inthanete e kenelletsang ka ts'ebetso ea boits'oaro le tlhabollo. [71]-[73].

Ntle le ho shebana le bacha ka kakaretso, tlhokomelo e eketsehileng e lokela ho lefshoa ho li-subgroups tse ngata tse kotsing e kholo ha ba ntse ba etsa tlhahiso ea ho ntlafatsa malebela a botsoali bakeng sa thibelo ea ts'ebeliso ea lits'ila tsa inthanete. Liphumano tsa phuputso ena li bolela hore bacha ba banna ba China ba lilemong tsa bona tsa morao-rao tse nang le ts'oaetso ea khatello ea maikutlo ba ka 'na ba se ke ba arabela haholo ntlafatsong ea kamano ea motsoali mabapi le thibelo ea ts'ebeliso ea tahi ea inthanete. Maemong ana, ho ka hlokahala liketso tse eketsehileng ho sebetsana le litaba tsa nts'etsopele tse amanang le lilemo le litaba tse amanang le khatello ea maikutlo.

Ho na le meeli e 'maloa thutong ena. Taba ea mantlha, tlhaiso-leseling e sebelisitsoeng thutong ena ke karolo ea tlhaho. Ka hona, tšusumetso ea ho ba le kamano ea botsoali le bokhobeng ba marang-rang ha e lokeloe ntle le netefatso ea nako e telele. La bobeli, bokhoba ba marang-rang bo ne bo sa khethoa ke lingaka tse netefalitsoeng. YIAT e bonts'a haholo litekanyetso tsa DSM-IV 'tsa bokhoba, litlamorao li ka fapana haeba ho sebelisitsoe mekhoa e meng e kang International Statistical Classization of Maloetse le Mathata a amanang le Bophelo bo Botle. Taba ea boraro, re sebelisitse tlhahiso-leseling e itlalehang tlalehong ea bacha feela. Leeme la tlhaiso-leseling le ne le ke ke la hlahlojoa ntle le tlhaiso-leseling e tsoang mehloling e meng, joalo ka litlaleho tse tsoang ho batsoali le bafani ba bang (mohlala, bahlokomeli, matichere le baoki). Qetellong, data e ile ea bokelloa ho tsoa toropong e le 'ngoe Chaena. Le ha phapang e ne e nkuoa ka khetho ea sekolo kahare ho toropo, tlhokomeliso e ea eletsoa haeba liphetho tsa thuto ena li ka akaretsoa ho baithuti ba libakeng tse ling tsa China.

Leha ho na le moo ho haelloang teng, lipatlisiso tsa phuputso ena li fane ka datha ea ho utloisisa bohlokoa ba kamano ea motsoali le tšebelisano ea hae le mabaka a makatsang a lilemo le khatello ea maikutlo mabapi le tšebeliso ea ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete. Lintlha tse joalo li bohlokoa bakeng sa baetsi ba liqeto tsa bophelo bo botle ba sechaba le bo-rasaense ba boitšoaro ba bophelo bo botle ho rala le ho rala mananeo a kenelletseng ho laola seoa sa ho lemalla ha inthanete Chaena. Ho hlokomela bacha ba seng ba lemaletse Inthanete, ho hlokahala liphuputso tse ling ho lekanya ts'ehetso ea hau le lintlha tse ling tse nang le tšusumetso tse sebelisang lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo tse loketseng ts'ebeliso ea bongaka.

 

lumela hore baa fokola

Re rata ho leboha baithuti ba fumaneng mangolo ka boitelo ba bona ba boitelo ba ho phethela pokello ea data bakeng sa morero. Thanks hape e ea likolo tse nne le baithuti bohle ba nkileng karolo lipatlisisong.

 

Menehelo ea Mongoli

O tsebisitse liteko le ho li hlophisa: XW JH HM HW. O entse liteko: XW JH HM JL. Hlahloba data: XW XC. Li-reagents tse kentsoeng / lisebelisoa / lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo: JL HM. Ngola pampiri: XW XC LN.

 

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