Australas Psychiatry. 2017 Jan 1: 1039856216684714. doi: 10.1177 / 1039856216684714.
inahaneloang
LIPOTSO:
Patlisiso e lekantsoe ho maikutlo a lingaka tsa kelello ka likhopolo tsa Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) le Mathata a Ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang (PIU). Re ne re ikemiselitse ho lekola ho bala le ho ngola ka bophelo bo botle har'a lingaka tsa mafu a kelello ho IGD / PIU.
LITLHAHISO:
Tlhahlobo ea ho itlhahisa e ile ea tsamaisoa marang-rang ho litho tsa Royal Australia le New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) (n = 289).
LIKOTSO:
Bongata (93.7%) bo ne bo tseba likhopolo tsa IGD / PIU. Bongata (78.86%) bo ne bo nahana hore ho ka khonahala hore o 'lemaletse' litaba tsa inthanete tseo e seng tsa papali, 'me 76.12% ba nahana hore lithethefatsi tse seng tsa papali li ka kenyelletsoa lits'ebetsong tsa maemo a holimo. Ba mashome a mane a metso e robeli (35.6%) ba ne ba nahana hore IGD mohlomong e atile mesebetsing ea bona. Ke 22 feela (16.3%) ba utloileng ba na le ts'epo ea ho tsamaisa IGD. Lingaka tsa mafu a kelello tsa bana li ne li le monyetla oa ho hlahloba khafetsa bakeng sa IGD (11/45 vs. 7/95; Teko ea Batšoasi ba Litlhapi χ2= 7.95, df = 1, p <0.01) mme ba na le monyetla oa ho hlahisa matšoao a itseng a bokhoba (16/45 vs. 9/95; Teko ea Batšoasi ba litlhapi act2= 14.16, df = 1, p <0.001).
CONCLUSIONS:
Re khothaletsa ho amohela mantsoe a sebelisoang ho fapana le PIU / IGD a tsamaellanang le litaba tsa thepa ho sa tsotelehe phihlello ea phihlello. Lisebelisoa tse hlahlobang / protocol li hlokahala ho thusa ho tseba hore na o tsebahala joang le hore na a reretse eng. Litšitiso tsa ho hlahlobisisa li tla hloka ho rarolloa ka bobeli lithutong tsa lipatlisiso le lits'ebeletso.
Young1 e sebelisitse 'Internet Addiction Disorder' pele ho hlalosa bakuli ba nang le mathata mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea likhomphutha le phihlello ea inthanete. Mantsoe a mang a kenyelletsa Ts'ebeliso ea Mathata ea Marang-rang (PIU)2 le Ts'oaetso ea Lipapatso tsa Inthanete (IGD).3 PIU e bua ka mathata a amanang le inthanete ka har'a moralo o pharaletseng oa ho lemalla ntle le litaba.2 IGD e kentsoe ho DSM 53 e le boemo ba ho tsoela pele ho ithuta. Ho ata ha PIU / IGD ho fapane haholo empa ho bonahala e le bothata bo boholo sechabeng.4
'Nako e Fetelletseng ea Screen Screen' ke conceptualisation e 'ngoe e tlalehiloeng e kenyang mathata a bohlokoa' meleng le kelellong.5 Lipatlisiso tsa lingaka tsa mafu a kelello mabapi le mathata a amanang le marang-rang li na le moeli. Thorens et al.6 e hlahlobe 94 ho tsoa ho litsebi tsa kelello tsa 98 tse eang sebokeng. Ba tlaetse lihlopha tse tharo: ba sa lumelang, balumeli ba nosology le balumeli ba nosology / kalafo. Le ha balumeli ba nalology / kalafo ba tiisitse ho fumaneha ha kalafo e sebetsang (haholo-holo ea kelello), balumeli ba nosology ba ne ba sa tiisehe mabapi le kalafo. Ba phethile ka hore mohopolo oa bokhoba ba marang-rang o amoheloa ka ho hlaka e le 'nete ea kliniki ke litsebi tsa kelello tsa Switzerland empa liteko tsa kalafo le kalafo li lula li sa tloaeleha. Boithuto ba pejana7 e fuputse litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello ba 35. Ba hlokometse mefuta ea lithethefatsi tse thehiloeng marang-rang tse kang ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi tsa cybersexual, tšebeliso ea likamano tsa botona le botšehali (tse tšoanang le litaba tsa sechaba sa mehleng ena), litheko tse ling tsa cyber, mohlala . Boholo ba batho ba arabileng (90%) ba ne ba nahana hore tšebeliso e mpe ea marang-rang e ka fetoha bothata bo boholo ba nako e tlang.
Ha ho na lipatlisiso tsa Australia tse ileng tsa lekola tsebo ea bophelo bo botle ea lingaka tsa mafu a kelello ka maikutlo a PIU kapa IGD. Maemong ana thuto ea bophelo bo botle ke tsebo, maikutlo le litumelo mabapi le bothata ba bophelo bo botle bo thusang ho amohela le taolo.8 Morero oa thuto ea hona joale e ne e le ho hohela maikutlo le liphihlelo tsa litsebi tsa kelello tsa Australia le New Zealand.
Method
Tlhahlobo ea inthaneteng e hlahisitsoe ho sebelisoa Survey Monkey. Lingaka tsohle tsa mafu a kelello tse thathamisitsoeng le RANZCP (n= 5400) ba ne ba tšoaneleha.
Kakaretso ea likarabo tsa 289 e amohetse (5.3% ea ba tšoanelehang). Lintlha tsa demographic li hlahisoa ho Lethathamo 1.
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Tlhahlobo e kenyelelitse lipotso tsa 42 ka khetho ea ho tsoa kamora lipotso tsa 20 motheong oa skip logic. Karolo ea pele ea phuputso e ne e bua ka maikutlo mabapi le mohopolo oa IGD / PIU, e neng e sebetsa mohlaleng kaofela. Karolo ea bobeli e fuputse boiphihlelo ba bongaka ba mafu a kelello. Lipotso li hlahisitsoe ho latela boiphihlelo ba bongaka, lipatlisiso tsa lingoliloeng le lipatlisiso tse peli tse fetileng.6,7
Lintlha li ile tsa hlahlojoa bakeng sa phetiso e tloaelehileng. Lintlha tse hlalosang li ile tsa baloa. Liteko tsa Chi-mraba li sebelisitsoe bakeng sa liphapang tse pakeng tsa sehlopha sa li-variants tsa lihlopha tse sebelisang SPSS v20.
Tlhahlobo e amohetsoe ke Komiti ea Amerika ea Litereke tsa Boipheliso le Litaba tsa Bophelo ba Setereke sa South West le RANZCP ea Patlisiso. Ho ile ha fumanoa tumello e ngotsoeng e tsoang ho bohle ba neng ba nkile karolo. Lintlha tse mabapi le pampiri ena li tla bolokoa tlasa tokomane e sirelelitsoeng ka password khomphuteng ea mongoli oa pele 'me e ka fumaneha ka kopo.
Results
Bongata ba litsebi tsa mafu a kelello (93.70%) bo ne bo utloile ka IGD / PIU. Lethathamo 2 lintlha tsa maikutlo a litsebi tsa kelello ho IGD le PIU.
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Tafole 2. Maikutlo le litumelo tsa lingaka tsa mafu a kelello mabapi le Lipapatso tsa Lipapatso tsa Marang-rang (IGD) le Ts'ebeliso e Mpe ea Marang-rang (PIU)
Kamora khetho ea ho tsoa, lingaka tsa kelello tsa 142 (58.2%) li ile tsa ntšetsa pele tlhahlobo. Litsebi tsa kelello tsa bana le bacha (9 / 142) ba ne ba le monyetleng oa ho tsoa tlhahlobong ho feta ba bang (133 / 142; Fishers Exact test χ2= 31.4, df = 1, p<0.001). Mashome a robeli a metso e mene (66.7%) a nkile IGD e atile haholo ho banna. Bongata (n= 74, 61.2%) o ne a nahana hore bakuli ba nang le IGD ba ka ba le mathata a ho becha haholo, mme ba lateloa ke marang-rang a batho ba bang (n= 40, 33.1%). Litšitiso tsa ho hlahlobisisa IGD ts'ebetsong e ne e kenyelletsa ho hloka tumelo ea mohopolo (n= 96, 71.6%), ho hloka nako (n= 76, 55.6%), kapa ho hloka ts'epo litlhahlobo (n= 71; 52.6%). Lethathamo 3 lintlha mekhoa / liphihlelo le IGD.
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Tafole 3. Boikoetliso ba litsebi tsa kelello le boiphihlelo ka Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD)
Ho ne ho e-na le mokhoa oa lipalo bakeng sa litsebi tsa kelello tsa bana le bacha ho ba le monyetla oa ho lumela hore IGD ke bothata ho lilemo tsohle (20 / 51 vs. 47 / 188 (χ2= 5.6, df = 2, p= 0.06)). Litsebi tsa kelello tsa bana li na le monyetla oa ho ts'ehetsa liteko tsa tloaelo bakeng sa IGD (29 / 50 vs. 68 / 186) (χ2= 8.6, df = 2, p<0.02), le litaba tsohle tsa media nakong ea tlhahlobo ea bongaka (45/50 vs. 110/186) (χ2= 16.7, df = 2, p<0.001). Leha ho le joalo, lingaka tsa mafu a kelello tsa bana li ne li sa khone ho lumela hore IGD ke bothata ba bophelo bo botle ba kelello (χ2= 4.2, df = 2, p= 0.12), bothata bo bohlokoa ho pholletsa le lilemo tsohle nakong e tlang (χ2= .16, df = 2, p= 0.92) mme e atile haholo ho bana le lilemong tsa bocha (χ2= .74, df = 2, p= 0.69). Ts'ebetsong ea bona, litsebi tsa mafu a kelello a bana le ba lilemong tsa bocha ba ne ba le monyetla oa ho hlahloba khafetsa bakeng sa IGD (11 / 45 vs. 7 / 95; Fishers Exact test χ2= 7.95, df = 1, p<0.01) mme ba na le monyetla oa ho botsa mabapi le matšoao a itseng a bokhoba ba tahi (16/45 vs. 9/95; Teko ea Batšoasi ba Litlhapi act2= 14.16, df = 1, p<0.001). Leha ho le joalo, lingaka tsa mafu a kelello tsa bana le ba bang ha lia ka tsa fapana ka boits'epo ba bona ba ho laola PIU / IGD (33/42 vs. 77/88 ba ne ba ikutloa ba sa itšepe ho laoleng IGD; Teko ea Batšoasi ba Hantle χ2= 1.741, df = 1, p= 0.15)
Boholo ba mafu a kelello (82.64%) ba lumetse hore lipapali tsa elektronike li bohlokoa bakeng sa thuto / kholo ea bana. Boholo bo ka bolela lipapali tse peli tseo ba li nkang li le bohlokoa, ha 40.98% e bonts'a hore ka linako tse ling ba khothaletsa bana ho bapala lipapali tse ling marang-rang.
Puisano
Boholo ba ba arabileng ba 289 ba ne ba tseba mohopolo le boholo ba IGD / PIU. Hoo e ka bang karolo ea bohlano ea lingaka tsa mafu a kelello phuputsong ena e bontšitse hore mathata a papali ea papali ha a bonahatse ho hang. Ho tloaelehile hore bana ba qabane le batsoali ba bona mabapi le papali ea chelete, e le taba ea botsoali. Tsena li ne li tla tsamaellana le ba sa lumeleng tumelo ea Thorens et al.6
Ka bobeli PIU le IGD li na le mefokolo ea bohlokoa litlhalosong le moelelong oa bona. PIU e hlalosa mathata a nang le ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang ntle le litaba. Sena se hanana le concMedia ea DSM ea hona joale ea IGD, moo ho nang le pherekano ho bonahala e nahanela litaba le lipapatso le mathata a ts'ebeliso e mpe. Polelo ea IGD e kenyelletsa litaba tsa (libapali) empa eseng litaba tse ling tse ka bang thata, mohlala, marang-rang a mangata a batho ba bangata. Ho feta mona, ho a ferekanya hobane ho ka kenyelletsa lipapali tsa elektroniki tse seng marang-rang. Mohlomong hona ho hlalosa hore na hobaneng litsebi tsa mafu a kelello thutong ena li ile tsa lumela hore PIU ke karolo e ntle ea tlhahlobo ea lefutso ho feta IGD.
Ho feta halofo ea litsebi tsa mafu a kelello li lumellana le polelo ea hore 'conceptually, a drug drug / methapo ea papali ea papali ea methapo ea maoto e loketse haholo ho utloisisa IGD'. Leha ho le joalo, mathata a nang le tšebeliso ea bokhoba ba tai a kenyeletsa ho sebetsa ha mekhoa ea bokhoba ho IGD,9 IGD e le mochine oa ho sebetsana le mathata,10 bohlokoa ba mehopolo ea phallo, khotsofalo le pherekano e le tlatsetso ho tšebeliso e mpe ea lipapali10 le ho fuputsoa ka botlalo ka moelelo oa marang-rang a sechaba.11 Le ha nako ea tšebetso ea inthanete e hlile e ama bophelo bo botle ba 'mele,4 ts'ebeliso ea eona e le mokhoa oa IGD e nyatsitsoe.9 Papali e sebelisitsoe ho phekola litaba tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello le nts'etsopele ea boikemisetso bo botle.12 Mohlomong hona ho hlalosa hore na hobaneng karolo ea bohlano ea ba arabileng patlisisong ena ba sa lumellane le mohopolo oa mokhoa oa ho lemalla lithethefatsi.
Joalo ka ba bang,6,7,9 boholo ba litsebi tsa mafu a kelello phuputsong ena li hlokometse hore ho ka etsahala hore o lemaletse litaba tse seng tsa papali. Sena se ts'ehetsa mabaka a hore 'bokhoba ba marang-rang' bo lokela ho nkeloa sebaka ke mantsoe a lebisang ho boits'oaro bo ikhethang ho sa tsotelehe hore na tsena li etsoa inthaneteng kapa ntle le inthanete. Ebile PIU kapa IGD ha e nke lipapali tsa elektroniki tse seng marang-rang. Taba e tloaelehileng ke ho ba teng ha skrini. Ka hona, re fana ka maikutlo a hore sehlopha se pharaletseng se bitsoang 'Screen Use Disorder' se thehiloe litsamaisong tsa bokamoso tsa sehlopha. Polelo ena e tla bonoa e lekana le 'Substance Use Disorder' e le polelo e fetelletseng e bolelang boitšoaro bo ikhethang ho sa tsotelehe hore na tsena li etsoa inthaneteng kapa ntle le inthanete. Re fana ka maikutlo a hore karohano e ngoe hape e lokela ho ba boitšoaro bo itseng, ho etsa mohlala, Ts'ebeliso ea Sesebelisoa sa Screen: Ts'ebeliso ea Litaaso, kapa Ts'ebeliso ea Sesebelisoa sa Screen: Marang-rang a sechaba, jj.7,9 Rea hlokomela hore sena se ne se ke ke sa sebetsana le bofokoli bo bong ba mohopolo oa mofuta oa tšibeliso joalo ka holimo.
Bongata ba litsebi tsa mafu a kelello li botsa hore na ho na le nako e kae ea skrineng le ho ba teng ha skrine ka phapusing; leha ho le joalo, li-screen tse fokolang tsa kelello tsa IGD. Sena se kanna sa bonts'a phapang ea ts'ebetso, moo lingaka tsa mafu a kelello li kanang tsa tseba EST haholo ho fapana le IGD. Joalo ka lipatlisiso tse fetileng,6 Lingaka tsa mafu a kelello phuputsong ena li tseba mohopolo ona, ha li hloke leseli bakeng sa pherekano mme ba na le ts'epo ea ho e laola. Thutong ena PIU e fumanoe e le bothata bo boholo ho banna. Phuputso ea morao tjena13 e bonts'a hore le ha litjeo tsa papali li phahame ho banna, boitšoaro ba marang-rang ba mathata bo ne bo atile haholo ho basali. Sena se tiisa tumelo ea hore banana ha ba hlile ha ba bapale skrineng empa ba ameha ka ho tšoanang ke mathata a amanang le ona. Mohlomong banana ba kotsing ea ho qeta nako websaeteng eo batho ba etsang metsoalle ho eona kapa mesebetsing e meng e thehiloeng skrineng. Baahi bana ha ba na monyetla oa ho tšoaroa ke mohopolo oa IGD.
Ho tsebo ea rona ena ke tlaleho ea pele ea maikutlo le litumelo tsa kelello ho ts'ebeliso ea bongaka ea likhopolo tsa IGD / PIU. Karabelo ka kakaretso e ne e le 5.3% ea ba tšoanelehang. Sekhahla se seholo sa tlhahlobo ke hore e ke ke ea hlalosoa e le moemeli oa litsebi tsa kelello tsa Australia. Leha ho le joalo, karabelo e phahameng e tsoang ho lefapha la bana le bacha (29.4%) e bonts'a e ka ba moemeli oa litsebi tsena tsa mafu a kelello.
Nahanisisa
Tlhahlobo ena e na le moelelo bakeng sa mohopolo oa IGD / PIU le ts'ebetso ea litsebi tsa kelello tse sebetsanang le litaba tsena. Le ha PIU / IGD e bonahala e le mathata a bohlokoa sechabeng, sebaka sa bona litsamaisong tse ikhethang se ntse se sa hlaka. Re khothaletsa ho amohela mantsoe a mang a lumellanang le litaba tsa ona ntle le hore na phihlello ke efe. Litsebi tsa kelello li bonahala li tseba nako ea nako ea skrini e sebelisoang ka bobeli mabapi le papali ka ho khetheha le dikahare tsohle ka kakaretso. Kholiseho har'a lingaka tsa mafu a kelello mabapi le ho laola IGD e ne e le tlase. Ena ke taba e lokelang ho ameha. Ha re nahana ka boholo ba bothata, sena se na le liphetho tse kholo tlhahisong ea lits'ebeletso. Re khothaletsa hore ho hlahisoe lisebelisoa tse hlahlobang / protocol ho thusa ho tsebeng lits'oants'o tsa tlhahlobo le lits'ebeletso tsa moralo. Linaha tse kang Singapore le Korea Boroa li na le litšebeletso tse ngata tse hlophiselitsoeng ka ho khetheha bakuli ba nang le IGD. Tsena li tla hloka ho phetoa Australia. Litšitiso tsa ho hlahlobisisa IGD li tla hloka ho rarolloa ka bobeli lithutong tsa lipatlisiso le lits'ebeletso.
Ho senola Bangoli ba tlaleha ho se lumellane ha lithahasello. Bangoli ke bona feela ba ikarabellang bakeng sa se ngotsoeng le ho ngoloa ha pampiri.
Sengoli sa lichelete Sengoli se sa fumana tšehetso ea lichelete bakeng sa ho etsa lipatlisiso, bongoli le / kapa phatlalatso ea sengoloa sena.
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