Bothata ba ho sebelisa Inthanete e le bothata bo nang le mefuta e mengata ea lilemo: Bopaki ba lipatlisiso tse peli tsa maqephe (2018)

Ho lemalla Behav. 2018 Feb 12; 81: 157-166. doi: 10.1016 / j.addbeh.2018.02.017.

Ioannidis K1, Treder MS2, Chamberlain SR1, Kiraly F3, Redden SA4, Stein DJ5, Lochner C6, Grant JE7.

inahaneloang

MOSEBETSI LE LINAKO:

Tšebeliso e nang le mathata ea inthanete (PIU; eo ho seng joalo e tsejoang ka hore ke Tlhekefetso ea Inthanete) ke bothata bo ntseng bo hola lichabeng tsa sejoale-joale. Ho na le tsebo e fokolang ea phapang ea palo ea batho le mesebetsi e ikhethileng ea inthanete e amanang le PIU le kutloisiso e lekanyelitsoeng ea hore na PIU e lokela ho nahanoa joang. Morero oa rona e ne e le ho supa mesebetsi e ikhethileng ea inthanete e amanang le PIU le ho lekola karolo ea tekanyetso ea lilemo le bong mekhatlong eo.

LITLHAHISO:

Re ile ra hira bankakarolo ba 1749 ba lilemo li 18 le kaholimo ka lipapatso tsa bophatlalatsi phuputsong e thehiloeng marang-rang libakeng tse peli, le leng Amerika, le le leng Afrika Boroa; re sebelisitse khatello ea Lasso bakeng sa tlhahlobo.

LIKOTSO:

Mesebetsi e ikhethileng ea inthanete e ne e amahanngoa le lintlha tse ngata tse nang le mathata a ts'ebeliso ea inthanete, ho kenyeletsoa ho palama maqhubu ka kakaretso (lasso β: 2.1), lipapali tsa inthanete (β: 0.6), mabenkeleng a marang-rang (β: 1.4), ts'ebeliso ea libaka tsa fantisi tsa inthanete (β: 0.027), sechaba marang-rang (β: 0.46) le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng (β: 1.0). Lilemo li lekanyelitse kamano lipakeng tsa PIU le lipapali tsa papali (β: 0.33), papali ea chelete inthaneteng (β: 0.15), ts'ebeliso ea libaka tsa fantisi (β: 0.35) le media media (β: 0.35), le botsofali bo amanang le maemo a holimo. maemo a PIU. Ho ne ho na le bopaki bo sa tsejoeng ba bong le bong × mesebetsi ea inthanete e amanang le mathata a ts'ebeliso ea inthanete. Boloetse ba khatello ea maikutlo (ADHD) le khatello ea maikutlo ea sechaba li ne li amahanngoa le lipalo tse phahameng tsa PIU ho bankakarolo ba banyane (lilemo ≤ 25, β: 0.35 le 0.65 ka ho latellana), athe boloetse bo akaretsang ba ho tšoenyeha (GAD) le boloetse bo feteletseng ba ho qhekella (OCD) li ne li le teng e amanang le lintlha tse phahameng tsa PIU ho bankakarolo ba baholo (lilemo> 55, β: 6.4 le 4.3 ka ho latellana).

CONCLUSIONS:

Mefuta e mengata ea boits'oaro ba inthanete (mohlala, ho reka, litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, ho palama ka tloaelo) ho na le kamano e matla le tšebeliso e mpe ea marang-rang ho bapala ho bapala ho tšehetsa mokhoa oa ho hlahloba bothata ba ho sebelisa marang-rang e le mathata a mangata. Ho feta moo, mesebetsi ea Inthanete le mafu a kelello a amanang le bothata ba marang-rang a marang-rang a fapana le lilemo, ka lebaka la bophelo bo botle ba sechaba.

LINKOTSO: Ho lemalla boitšoaro; Bokhoba ba inthanete; Mathata a ho bapala Inthaneteng; Lasso; Ho ithuta ka mochini; Tšebeliso e thata ea inthanete

PMID: 29459201

DOI: 10.1016 / j.addbeh.2018.02.017

                            1

Selelekela

Tšebeliso e nang le bothata ba inthanete (PIU; e seng e tsejoa e le Tlhekefetso ea Marang-rang), ke bothata ba bophelo ba sechaba sechabeng sa sejoale-joale lefatšeng ka bophara. Lefu la seoa la PIU le ntse le sa hlaka (

; ) ka likhakanyo tse ngata tse tlalehiloeng tsa ho ata ha lintlha (1% ho isa ho 36.7%), tse bonts'ang eseng feela phapang ea baahi empa le mefuta e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo le litlhaloso tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebetso ea boits'oaro ba PIU. DSM-5 e totobalitse bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete e le boemo ba ho tsoela pele ho ithuta (), haholo ntle le mesebetsi e meng e thehiloeng marang-rang joalo ka papali ea chelete le ts'ebeliso ea litaba tsa sechaba, leha ho na le bopaki bo bokelletseng ba hore ts'ebeliso e thata ea inthanete ke bothata bo bongata bo fetang papali ea inthanete (; ;). Boitšoaro bo fapaneng bo fapaneng ba marang-rang bo 'nile ba hlalosoa e le bo ka sitisang tšebetso e tloaelehileng ha bo etsoa ka mokhoa o fetelletseng, ho kenyelletsa papali ea inthanete le lipapali tsa lipapali tsa batho ba bapalang lipapali tsa inthanete (;;;;;;), inthaneteng (;), mabenkeleng a marang-rang (; ;), ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro (;;), ho lekola khafetsa lengolo tsoibila, ho romellana melaetsa hanghang (;;) le tšebeliso e fetelletseng ea litaba tsa sechaba (;). Boitšoaro bo fumanehang marang-rang bo ka baka ho ameha ka bophelo bo botle ba 'mele (;) kapa ba rala motheo oa liketso tsa botlokotsebe (). Litšobotsi tse susumetsang le tse tlamang li ka ts'ehetsa boits'oaro bo thata ba marang-rang (;;;;;), ha mesebetsi e ikhethileng ea inthanete e hokahantsoe le mathata a kelello; mohlala, ho reka inthaneteng ho hokahantsoe le khatello ea maikutlo le ho bokella (

).

Bacha le baithuti ba nkuoa ba le tlokotsing ea PIU (

; ; ; ; ), Empa batho ba lilemong tse bohareng le ba baholo ha ba so fuputsoe ka botlalo. Bocha bo 'nile ba amahanngoa le ho reka ka mathata marang-rang (;). Leha ho le joalo, ho bile le lithuto tse 'maloa tse supang mathata a marang-rang a inthanete, ho kenyeletsoa mabenkeleng a mangata a marang-rang, bathong ba baholo (

). Ka kakaretso, nalane ea tlhaho ea ts'ebeliso e nang le mathata ea inthanete e ntse e sa tsejoe mme ho kanna ha ba le liphapang tse amanang le lilemo ho PIU ka kakaretso, kapa maemong a fapaneng a nang le mathata a inthaneteng.

PIU e nkuoa e na le pherekano ea banna (

; ) mme e atile haholo hara bacha ba batona ba Asia, empa basali le bona ba ka ba tlokotsing (;). Boemong ba bongaka, lithuto tse ngata tsa PIU li kenyellelitse bankakarolo ba banna feela () mme ha ho hlake hore na mohlomong basali ba litleleniki tsa basali ba ne ba sa ngolisoa. Ho na le bopaki bo bong bo tsoang liphuputsong tsa ho shebella hore banna le basali ba fapana ka tsela eo ba sebetsang ka eona tikolohong ea inthanete ho latela mesebetsi eo ba e khethang le litlamorao tsa bona tse mpe (;). Ts'ebeliso e fetelletseng ea puisano le media oa sechaba e amana le bong ba basali ho baithuti ba banyenyane (;;;; S). Bong ba basali le bona bo fumanoe e le selelekela sa ho reka ka mathata marang-rang (), empa ho tlalehiloe se fapaneng (;). Ho bapala inthaneteng ho amahanngoa le bong ba banna (), empa papali ea papali ea papali ea papali ea batho ba bangata e tlalehiloe ho banna le basali (). Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse fumanehang marang-rang hammoho le papali ea chelete ea inthaneteng ho tlalehiloe hore e atile khafetsa har'a banna ba baholo (), leha ho le joalo, ho bile le phehisano ea hore karolo ea ho matlafatsa moputso, ho bona hore na ho sebetsa joang hape le ho lakatsa ho etsa thobalano inthaneteng ho tšoana le ho banna le basali (). Li-platform tsa mecha ea litaba tsa sechaba tse nang le menyetla e lemalloang, joalo ka libaka tsa marang-rang tse kang Facebook, li sebelisoa ke banna le basali mme ho bile le phehisano ea hore basali ba ka ba kotsing haholo (). Ka kakaretso, ho kanna ha ba le liphapang tse ikhethileng tsa bong bakeng sa likarolo tsa PIU; Ntle le moo, e kanna ea ba hang ha litšobotsi / pherekano ea bongaka le ea boits'oaro e nkuoa, banna le basali ba ameha ka mokhoa o ts'oanang (;;

  

).

Ka kakaretso, ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang e nang le mathata ho kenyelletsa mefuta e fapaneng e fapaneng ea boits'oaro ba inthanete e hloka lipatlisiso tse matla ho feta tse tla hlakisa hore na ke mesebetsi efe e lokelang ho nkuoa e le bothata kapa e sa sebetse kapa ka kakaretso e tlatsetsang ketsahalong e hlalosoang e le PIU. Mokhoa oo lilemo le bong bo lekanyetsang kamano lipakeng tsa mesebetsi e meng ea inthanete le PIU e seng e sa ithutoa, e leng ho hlokang hore ho tsotelloe haholoanyane.

Morero oa rona e ne e le ho supa mesebetsi e amanang le inthanete e amanang le PIU le hore na ho na le likamano le lilemo kapa bong tse lekanyang likamano tseo.

 

 

  

2

Lintho tse bonahalang le mekhoa

 

 

  

2.1

Ho beha le mehato

Lintlha tse ling mabapi le maemo le mehato ea thuto ena le tsona li hlalositsoe phatlalatsong ea rona e fetileng ea PIU (

 

 

). Ho tlaleha mekhoa ea thuto ena ho latela tataiso ea STROBE (

). Boithuto ba hajoale bo entsoe ho tloha ka Pherekhong 2014-Hlakola 2015. Batho ba lilemo li 18 ho ea holimo ba ile ba hiroa libakeng tse peli: Chicago (USA) le Stellenbosch (Afrika Boroa) ba sebelisa lipapatso tsa marang-rang (ba lilemo li 29 [18-77]; banna ba 1119 [ 64%]; 1285 ea Caucasian [73%]). Lipapatso li kopile batho ka bomong ho nka karolo phuputsong ea inthanete mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea inthanete. Barupeluoa ba phethile phuputso eo ba sa tsejoe ba sebelisa software ea Survey Monkey. Phuputso e rometsoe ka Craigslist kahoo ke barupeluoa ba tsoang libakeng tse ikhethang feela ba neng ba lebisitsoe. Phuputso e ile ea ananeloa ke liboto tsa litsi tsa tlhahlobo setsing ka seng sa lipatlisiso. Barupeluoa ha baa ka ba fumana puseletso bakeng sa ho nka karolo empa ba ngolisitsoe ho lothari e sa reroang moo meputso e mehlano e neng e fumaneha ka moputso o mong le o mong o lekantsoeng pakeng tsa $ 50 le $ 200 USA le meputso e meraro lipakeng tsa ZAR250 le ZAR750 Afrika Boroa.

Phuputso e entsoeng marang-rang e ne e na le lipotso mabapi le lilemo tsa motho ka mong, bong, morabe, boemo ba kamano, maikutlo a tsa thobalano le semelo sa thuto, hammoho le mehato e fapaneng ea mesebetsi e ikhethileng ea inthanete. Re lekantse mesebetsi e mengata e fapaneng ea inthanete ho kenyelletsa 1) ho palama maqhubu ka kakaretso 2) kakaretso ea lipapali tsa inthanete 3) Lipapali tse bapalang karolo ea inthanete (RPG) 4) Lits'enyehelo tsa nako / lipapali tsa boiphihlelo (ke hore, Lisebelisoa tsa iPod / iPad / selefounu, Tetris, Mabenyane) 5 Liketso tse ngata tse fumanehang marang-rang (ke hore Call of Duty, Gears of War) 6) Ho reka marang-rang 7) Liwebosaete tsa fantisi (ke hore, Ebay) 8) Ho becha ka marang-rang 9) Liwebosaete tsa marang-rang 10) Lipapali tsa inthanete (ke hore, lipapali tsa litoro, ESPN) 11) Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa / thobalano inthaneteng 12) Ho etsa melaetsa / ho ngolla mabitso (ke hore, AIM, Skype) le 13) Ho phallela livideo / media (ke hore YouTube, Hulu). Phuputso e boetse e kenyelelitse mehato ea bongaka: Teko ea Tlhekefetso ea Inthanete (IAT) (

) ho fana ka tekanyo e itseng ea ts'ebeliso e mpe ea marang-rang; khetha li-module tsa Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) () ho khetholla bothata ba khatello ea maikutlo sechabeng (SAD), lefu la ho tšoenyeha ka kakaretso (GAD) le boloetse bo feteletseng ba ho qobella batho (OCD); lenane la tlhahlobo ea matšoao a batho ba baholo ba ADHD (ASRS-v1.1) () ho khetholla matšoao a khatello ea maikutlo (ADHD); Padua Inventory (PI) () ho khetholla litšekamelo tse fetelletsang tsa ho qobella batho ho etsa lintho ka mokhoa o fetelletseng; le Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) ho lekanya botho bo sa tsitsang (

). Lipalo-palo tse hlalosang mefuta eohle li khutsufalitsoe ebile li arotsoe ke lilemo ho Tlatsetso Lethathamo la S1a.

IAT e na le lipotso tse 20 tse lekolang likarolo tsa PIU. Lintlha tse fumanehang ho IAT ho tloha ho 20 ho isa ho 100 ha 20-49 e bontša tšebeliso e bonolo ea Marang-rang, 50-79 ts'ebeliso e itekanetseng ea inthanete, le 80-100 e bonts'a ts'ebeliso e matla ea inthanete. PI e na le lintho tse 39 tse lekolang boits'oaro bo tloaelehileng ba ho se tsotelle le ho qobella. BIS-11 ke lipotso tsa lipotso tse itlhahisang tse sebelisitsoeng ho fumana maemo a ho se ts'oenyehe.

Re sebelisitse Analysis ea likarolo tse kholo (PCA) ho supa hore na likarolo tse 'maloa tsa mesebetsi ea inthanete li tla khona ho ikarabella bakeng sa karolo e kholo ea phapang. Leha ho le joalo, tlhahlobo ena e bonts'itse hore re hloka likarolo tse 11 ho tse 13 ho fihlela 90% ea phapang e bonts'ang hore karolo e kholo ea mefuta ea mesebetsi ea inthanete e kenya letsoho ka mokhoa o ikhethileng phapang. Ka hona re nkile qeto ea ho sebelisa phapang e ngoe le e ngoe ka thoko ho tlhahlobo ea rona.

Ke lintlha feela tse tsoang ho bankakarolo ba phethileng phuputso eohle ea marang-rang, ho kenyeletsoa le mehato ea ts'ebetso ea inthanete, e kenyellelitsoeng litlhahlobong. Sampole ea mantlha e ne e kenyelletsa batho ba 2551. Batho ba 63 ba khethiloe ka lebaka la ho haelloa ke lintlha tsa IAT. Batho ba bang ba 18 ba ile ba qheleloa ka thoko bakeng sa ho tlaleha bong ba transgender le 459 bakeng sa ho haelloa ke mefuta ea bohlokoa ea ho lepa mohlala mohlala PI kapa BIS lipotso tsa lipotso. Batho ba bahlano ba ile ba qheleloa ka thoko bakeng sa lilemo tsa ho tlaleha <ba lilemo li 18. Batho ba bang ba 257 ba ile ba qheleloa ka thoko ka lebaka la mehato e haellang ea ts'ebetso ea inthanete. Seteishene sa ho qetela se kenyelelitse batho ba 1749 ba nang le lintlha tse felletseng mefuteng eohle. Mohato ona oa ho qetela oa ts'ebetso ea ho khetholla o baka phapang ea mohlala lipakeng tsa thuto ea hajoale le

. Seteishene sena sa ho qetela se kenyelelitse batho ba 1063 ba tsoang sebakeng sa Stellenbosch le batho ba 686 ba tsoang sebakeng sa Chicago. Palo e lekantsoeng ea PIU e ne e le ~ 8.5% ho sebelisoa khaolo ea IAT ea 50 kapa kaholimo. Ha re bapisa libaka tse peli tsa sebaka sa boithuto, saete ea Stellenbosch e ne e na le bankakarolo ba banyane [bolele (moeli) 24.3 (18-76) vs 36.3 (18-77), ANOVA F <0.05, η 2 : 0.20], palo e tlase ea bong ba banna [58% vs 73%, χ 2 <0.05, φ : 0.15], karolo e phahameng ea maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate le batho ba bong bo fapaneng [91% vs 84%, χ 2 <0.05, φ : 0.10], litefiso tse phahameng tsa ADHD [50% vs 41% χ 2 <0.05, φ : 0.9], litefiso tse tlase tsa mabenkele a marang-rang [bolele (bolele) 0.48 (0-5) vs 1.27 (0-5), ANOVA F <0.05, η 2 : 0.18] le lintlha tse tlase tse tlase tsa IAT [li bolela (sebaka) 30.3 (20-94) vs 35.9 (20-85), ANOVA F <0.05, η 2 : 0.06]. Papiso e qaqileng e hlahisoa Lethathamong la Tlatsetso S1b. Ts'ebetso ea ho hira le ho khetholla e hlahisoa ka mokhoa o hlakileng ho Feie. 1 . Lintho tsohle tse tsoelang pele (ke hore, lintlha tsa BIS) li ne li hlophisitsoe ho eketsa ho toloka ha li-coefficients tsa mohlala. Mekhoa ea ho noha e sebelisitse lintlha tsa IAT joalo ka lipalo-palo (Range 20-94, Mean 32.48). Litlhahlobo tsohle li entsoe ho R Studio mofuta oa 3.1.2. Meetso ea Lasso Generalized Linear e ile ea etsoa ho sebelisoa sephutheloana sa "glmnet" (Package glmnet version 2.0-5 (

)). Lintlha tse ling mabapi le ts'ebetso ea tlhahlobo li ka fumanoa ho Supplement (sehlomathiso sa mokhoa).

  

 

 

 

 

 

  

Feie. 1
  

Setšoantšo sa phallo ea khiro. Setšoantšo sa phallo se hlalosang ho hira le ho qheleloa ka thoko ho litlhahlobo tsa mantlha le tsa sehlotšoana; IAT: Teko ea bokhoba ba inthanete; PI: Padua Inventory-Revised; BIS - Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11; CHI - Chicago; SA - Afrika Boroa (Stellenbosch). (Bakeng sa tlhaloso ea litšupiso tsa 'mala tšōmong ena,' mali o fetisetsoa ho mofuta oa webo oa sengoloa sena.)

 

 

 

 

 

  

2.2

Ho hlahloba likamano

Re hlahlobile likamano lipakeng tsa mefuta-futa ea data ea rona (bona Feie. 2 ). Mesebetsi eohle e fapaneng ea inthanete e ne e na le likamano tse fokolang tse fokolang le lintlha tsa IAT (Pearson Coration coefficient range 0.23-0.48). Likamano tse ntle tse itekanetseng lipakeng tsa mefuta-futa ea mesebetsi ea inthanete li fumanoe, ke hore, papali ea inthanete e felletseng le RPG (r = 0.57), lipapali tsa inthanete tse felletseng le lipapali tsa batho ba bangata (r = 0.55), mabenkeleng a marang-rang le ts'ebeliso ea libaka tsa fantisi (r = 0.55), ho palama maqhubu ka kakaretso le ho ea mabenkeleng (r = 0.44), ho palama maqhubu ka kakaretso le ho etsa metsoalle marang-rang (r = 0.44), ho palama le ho hasanya media ka kakaretso (r = 0.44). Ho ne ho e-na le likamano tse fokolang tse fokolang lipakeng tsa lipapali le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (r = 0.38), bong ba banna le lipapali (r = 0.30) kapa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (r = 0.39) kapa papali ea lipapali tsa batho ba bangata (r = 0.27). Ho ne ho na le likamano tse fokolang lipakeng tsa papali ea chelete ea inthanete le libapali tsa batho ba bangata (r = 0.41), RGP (r = 0.32), libaka tsa fantisi (r = 0.38), lipapali (r = 0.38) kapa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (r = 0.39). Ts'oaetso e ne e hokahane hantle le ho palama maqhubu ka kakaretso, ho reka marang-rang, ts'ebeliso ea libaka tsa fantisi, liwebosaete tsa phatlalatso, mecha ea litaba e phallelang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (0.2 ≤ r. 0.3). Ho ne ho boetse ho na le kamano e fokolang lipakeng tsa botsofali le mesebetsi ea mabenkele (r = 0.33) kapa ts'ebeliso ea libaka tsa fantisi (r = 0.22), le lipakeng tsa maikutlo a thobalano a sa nyalanang le batho ba bong bo fapaneng (r = 0.22). Likamano tse ling tsohle lipakeng tsa mesebetsi ea inthanete le lilemo, bong, boemo ba kamano, maikutlo a tsa thobalano, boemo ba thuto, morabe le maemo a ho se ts'oenyehe le ho qobelloa ho ba matla li ne li fokola haholo (−0.2 <r <0.2).

  

 

 

 

 

 

  

Feie. 2
  

Matrix ea phapano ea tlhatlhobo ea mefuta-futa. Likhokahano tsa Pearson lipakeng tsa mefuta eohle. Likamano tse ntle li bontšoa ka 'mala o motala o motala, likamano tse fosahetseng li khubelu. IAT. Kakaretso - Karolo ea Tlhekefetso ea Marang-rang; PADUA - PADUA Inventory lintlha; Lipalo tsa BIS - Barratt Impulsiveness Scale; RPG - Lipapali tsa ho bapala karolo ea inthaneteng. (Bakeng sa tlhaloso ea litšupiso tsa 'mala tšōmong ena,' mali o fetisetsoa ho mofuta oa webo oa sengoloa sena.)

 

 

 

 

 

  

2.3

Ho sebetsana le ho apara ho tlola

Bakeng sa mekhoa ea rona ea lipalo-palo re sebelisitse mefuta e kenyelletsang mefuta ea batho (lilemo, morabe, boemo ba thuto, bong, boemo ba kamano, maikutlo a thobalano), litšobotsi tsa bongaka (litlhahlobo tsa ADHD, GAD, Social Anxiety le OCD), litekanyo tsa boits'oaro tse tsejoang li amana le PIU (ho se tsotelle le ho qobelloa), mesebetsi ea inthanete le mantsoe a ho sebelisana lipakeng tsa mesebetsi ea inthanete × Lilemo kapa Bong; ea morao-rao ho ile ha etsoa qeto ea ho leka khopolo-taba ea hore lilemo kapa bong bo lekanyetsa kamano lipakeng tsa mesebetsi ea inthanete le lintlha tse ngata tse sebelisang marang-rang tse nang le mathata. Re kenyelelitse kakaretso ea mefuta-futa e 51 ea tse boletsoeng esale pele. Ka ho kenyelletsa mefuta e mengata ea mefuta-futa re ne re ikemiselitse ho etsa mohlala o nepahetseng haholoanyane mme ka nako e ts'oanang re ts'oara litšebelisano tse rarahaneng lipakeng tsa palo ea batho le ts'ebetso ea inthanete. Leha ho le joalo, bothata ba ho ba le mefuta e mengata ea ho tseba esale pele ke hore hona ho lebisa ho ho tlola ho feta ho tsamaeang le li-coefficients tse kholo. Ntle le moo, sampole ea tatellano ea linear e boetse e tloaetse ho feta, haholo-holo mefuteng e rarahaneng, mme e na le liphoso tsa mantlha mabapi le ho bolela lintho tse ncha. Ho na le bopaki bo pharalletseng ba ho theoha hoa mefuta e loketseng (

 

 

). Ho sebetsana le ho tšoaneleha ho tlola, re buile ka ho sebelisa mekhoa ea lipalo-palo e tsoang mefuteng ea (netefatso ea sefapano) ho fumana khakanyo ea phoso e akaretsang le ho noha ea mohlala (

 

 

). Re ile ra lekola mokhoa ona ho data ea rona ea hajoale ha re ne re sebelisa khakanyo e netefalitsoeng e sa sebetsoeng ea phoso e bakoang ke motso-mean-squared tumellanong le khetho ea morao-rao ea mefuta ho leka hore na mefuta e ntlafala ka ho eketsa mefuta e mengata ea li-subsets tsa likhakanyo tse ka bang teng tsa likhakanyo, mme re bone hore mefuta e fokolang (ke hore e nang le mefuta e ka bang lipakeng tsa 13 le 16) e ne e se tlase ho latela RMSE e netefalitsoeng ha e bapisoa le mefuta e rarahaneng (ho kenyeletsoa> mefuta e 16). Sena se bontšoa ka ho hlahloba Feie. 3 (ka holimo ka ho le letšehali).

  

 

 

 

 

 

  

Feie. 3
  

Merero ea litlhaloso bakeng sa liphoso tse netefalitsoeng ka sefapano le li-coefficients tsa Lasso. Merero ea litlhaloso bakeng sa liphoso tse netefalitsoeng ka sefapano le li-coefficients tsa Lasso (bankakarolo bohle n = 1749). Morero oa pele (kaholimo ka letsohong le letšehali) o bonts'a motso o netefalitsoeng ka sefapano o bolelang phoso e lekantsoeng (rmse.cv) joalo ka tšebetso ea mefuta e mengata e kenyellelitsoeng ho mofuta oa tatellano ea tatellano. Morero o bonts'a hore ho kenyelletsa mefuta e fetang ~ 16 ea mofuta ona ha ho hlile ha ho ntlafatse mohlala ho latela phokotso ea RMSE. Morero oa bobeli (ka holimo ka letsohong le letona) o bonts'a phoso e lekantsoeng ka makhetlo a 10 e le tšebetso ea (log) lambda (λ) bakeng sa mofuta o tloahelehileng oa lasso o sebelisa data e felletseng ka mantsoe a ho sebelisana. Linomoro tse kaholimo-limo tsa morero li bontša palo ea likhakanyo (mefuta-futa) ea mofuta oo e o sebelisang, ho tloha ho tse boletsoeng esale pele (kaholimo ho le letšehali) ho ea mefuteng e meng e fokolang (kaholimo ho le letona). Mosebetsi ona o thusa ntlafatso ea Lasso mabapi le ho khetha λ e ntle. Morero oa boraro (ka tlase ka letsohong le letšehali) o bonts'a likhakanyo tsa li-coefficients e le ts'ebetso ea log (λ) e bonts'ang ho fokotseha ha li-coefficients bakeng sa palo e kholo ea log (λ). Linomoro tse kaholimo-limo tsa morero li bontša palo ea likhakanyo (mefuta-futa) ea mofuta oo e o sebelisang, ho tloha ho tse boletsoeng esale pele (kaholimo ho le letšehali) ho ea mefuteng e mengata e fokolang (kaholimo ho le letona). Morero oa hoqetela (tlase ka letsohong le letona) o bonts'a karoloana ea kheloho e hlalositsoeng ke mefuta ho latela palo ea likhakanyo tse sebelisitsoeng le li-coefficients tsa tsona. Mohala o mong le o mong o mebala o ne o hlalosa sebapali se le seng le lintlha tsa eona tse lekanang. Morero o bonts'a hore haufi le karoloana e kholo ea kheloho e hlalositsoeng li-coefficients tse kholo li etsahala tse bonts'ang hore moetso o ka tšoaneleha haholo. (Bakeng sa tlhaloso ea litšupiso tsa 'mala tšōmong ena,' mali o fetisetsoa ho mofuta oa webo oa sengoloa sena.)

 

 

 

 

 

  

2.4

Ts'ebetso e hlophisitsoeng khafetsa e nang le lithibelo tsa sparsity

Bakeng sa mabaka a boletsoeng serapeng se fetileng, re ne re batla ho sebelisa mokhoa oa ho noha o ke keng oa lekana ho feta, ha o ntse o bapisoa le mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea lipalo mabapi le ho noha lintlha tsa PIU. E kanna ea ba ea bohlokoa haeba mokhoa oa rona o ka etsa khetho e fapaneng (ke ho fokotsa palo ea tse boletsoeng esale pele ka li-coefficients tse seng tsa zero), molemong oa ho thusa ka botoloki ba mohlala. Regularization, eo qalong e neng e entsoe ke Tikhonov ho rarolla lipalo tse kopaneng (

 

 

) 'me hamorao ea hlahisoa ka mahlale a lipalo ka ho na le tse ling tsa lintho tse boletsoeng kaholimo tsa mochini o fetohang o lebisang ho sparsity le ho fokotsa ho lekana haholo (). Lasso. mohlala oa ho bolela esale pele ka bongaka litabeng tsa mafu a kelello (RC). Phetolo ea Ridge ke mofuta o mong oa khatello ea methapo e tloahelehileng e fokotsang li-coefficients ka ho hlahisa kotlo ea coefficient (). Nete-rekere ke mofuta o mahareng o pakeng tsa phula le lasso mme kotlo ea eona e laoloa ke α, e koalang lekhalo lipakeng tsa Lasso (α = 1) le ridge (α = 0). Paramente ea tokiso e laola matla a kotlo ka kakaretso. Lasso e sebelisa kotlo ea L1 mme mokokotlo o sebelisa kotlo ea L2. Ho fapana le khatello ea phula, phello ea kotlo ea Lasso L1 ke hore boholo ba li-coefficients li khanneloa ho zero, e lebisang tharollong e tloaelehileng e fokolang ka nako e le 'ngoe. Ka mochini ona, Lasso e etsa likhetho tse fapaneng tse ka nolofatsang botoloki haholo haeba li-predictors tse ngata li kentse mohlala. Mokhoa o mong o sa tloaelehang o tsejoang ka ho nepahala ho hoholo le bokhoni ba ho qoba ho lekana haholo ke meru e sa reroang (

 

 

  

). Meru e sa reroang ke mokhoa oa ho ithuta mochini o sebetsang hantle khahlano le litšekamelo tse sa lekanyetsoang mme ka hona, ho lekola ts'ebetso ea mofuta ona ho ka re fa leseli la mekhatlo e rarahaneng, mohlomong e 'patiloeng'.

 

 

  

2.5

Mekhoa ea ho noha

Ho khetha mofuta o loketseng tlhahlobisong ea rona, re ile ra bapisa phetohelo ea tatellano, mokokotlo oa mokokotlo, marang-rang, Lasso le mefuta ea merung e sa reroang le e khahlano le motheo oa naïve, re sebelisa khakanyo e netefalitsoeng ea sampole ea RMSE. Netefatso ea rona ea sefapano e ne e kenyelletsa ho arola data ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng le ho etsa liteko, ho hlophisa mekhahlelo ea mohlala sethaleng sa thupelo le ho bolela esale pele bakeng sa lintlha tsa IAT seteisheneng sa liteko. Ka lebaka la tlhaho e sa reroang ea ho arola data ho ba mameno, re phetile ts'ebetso ena makhetlo a 50 ho fumana khakanyo e tsitsitseng le e ka phetoang. Ka mor'a moo re ile ra bapisa li-vector tsa ho qetela tsa lintlha tsa RMSE re sebelisa liteko tse saennweng tsa Exact Wilcoxon-Pratt. Mefuta eohle e ne e phahametse haholo motheo oa naïve (p e lokisitsoe <0.001, Cohen's d = -0.87) (bona Letlapa la Tlatsetso S2). Lipalo-palo tsa kakaretso ea lintlha tsa RMSE li hlahisoa ho Lethathamo la Tlatsetso S3. Lasso le elastic net li ne li phahametse khatello ea mokokotlo (p-corrected <0.01, d = 0.51, d = 0.49) and regar regression (p corrected <0.001, d = 0.76) and not statistically different between each other (p corrected> 0.05, d = -0.08). Moru o sa tloaelehang o ne o se phahameng ho feta lasso (p = 0.12) kapa net elastic (p corrected> 0.05). Ka hona, tlhahlobisong ea rona, re sebelisitse Lasso, hobane, ho ea ts'ebetsong e ntle ea sampole, Lasso e ile ea khona ho etsa khetho e fapaneng ka ho fokotsa li-coefficients ho zero mme ka hona ea eketsa ho toloka. Le ha letlooa le rekere le lona le ka etsa khetho e fapaneng, le khetha mefuta e mengata, mme leha e le mofuta o rarahaneng hape o matla ho feta, ha lea fana ka ts'ebetso e betere ho feta lasso. Tlhahlobisong ea rona ea hoqetela ea tlhaiso-leseling e felletseng le sehlotšoana sa sehlopha, re sebelisitse netefatso ea makhetlo a 10 ho hlahisa lambda e nepahetseng bakeng sa mofuta o mong le o mong oa lasso le ho tlaleha li-coefficients tse hlahisitsoeng ke mefuta eo. Merero ea litlhaloso e tsoang tlhahlobisong e felletseng ea lintlha e hlahisoa ho Feie. 3 .

 

 

  

3

Results

Liphetho tsa khatello ea Lasso li akaretsoa ka sampole eohle mme li tiisitsoe ka lilemo ho Tafole 1 le 2 . Tafole e felletseng ea litlhahlobo tsa sehlotšoana, ho kenyeletsoa se hlophisitsoeng ke lilemo le sebaka sa boithuto li hlahisoa litafoleng tsa tlatsetso tsa inthanete (Tafole S4-S10). Merero ea tlhahlobo ea tlhaiso-leseling e hlahisoa ka lipalo tsa tlatsetso (Lifate. S1-S3). Litholoana tsa mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa lipalo-palo oa tatellano e tsamaeang le tsona li hlahisoa ho Supplementary Tables S4-S10 mme phapang efe kapa efe ea moelelo oa sebopeho ha e bapisoa le sephetho se ka sehloohong se hlahisitsoeng ka tlase e latela khetho ea mofuta o mong.

Lethathamo 1
Li-coefficients tsa Lasso bakeng sa mesebetsi ea inthanete e hlophisitsoeng ke lilemo.
Mosebetsi oa inthaneteBohle (n = 1749)Lilemo tse 18 ≤ 25 (n = 1042)Lilemo tse 26 ≤ 55 (n = 592)Lilemo> 55 (n = 115)
Ho palama maqhubu ka kakaretso2.100 2.400 1.500 0.590
Papali ea Inthanete0.600 0.450 0.110 0.000
RPG0.0000.0000.710 0.000
Linako tsa nako0.0000.0000.0000.450
Liketso tse ngata0.0000.0000.0000.000
Shopping1.400 0.840 1.500 0.000
Liwebsaete tsa fantisi0.027 0.0000.990 0.230
becha0.0000.0000.780 0.000
Liwebsaete tsa metsoalle0.460 0.0001.300 0.000
Sports0.0000.0000.0000.000
Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa1.000 1.400 0.210 0.000
melaetsa0.0000.0000.110 0.000
Mecha ea phatlalatso0.0000.0000.0001.200
PADUA0.074 0.085 0.029 0.065
BIS0.066 0.048 0.072 0.086
Tlhahlobo ea ADHD1.700 0.350 3.100 0.000
Tlhahlobo ea GAD0.230 0.0000.0006.400
Ho fumanoa ke khatello ea maikutlo sechabeng0.0000.560 0.0000.000
Tlhahlobo ea OCD0.270 0.0000.0004.300
 

 

 

Lasso - bonyane ba shrinkage e felletseng le ts'ebetso ea khetho; RPG - Ho bapala lipapali; PADUA: Padua Inventory-Revised Checking; BIS - Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11; ADHD - Mathata a Tlhokomelo ea Tlhokomelo; GAD - Boloetse ba ho Tšoenyeha ka Kakaretso; OCD - Boloetse ba Obsessive-Compulsive. Bakeng sa nehelano, li-coefficients tsa bohlokoa tsa Lasso li bontšoa ka mongolo o motenya.
Lethathamo 2
Li-coefficients tsa Lasso bakeng sa palo ea batho le mantsoe a ho sebelisana.
Mosebetsi oa inthaneteBohle (n = 1749)Lilemo tse 18 ≤ 25 (n = 1042)Lilemo tse 26 ≤ 55 (n = 592)Lilemo> 55 (n = 115)
Lintho tse fetohileng tsa batho0.0000.0000.0000.000
Tekano × mesebetsi efe kapa efe ea Marang-rang0.0000.0000.0000.000
Lilemo × ho palama maqhubu ka kakaretso0.000---
Lilemo × papali ea inthanete0.000---
Lilemo × RPG0.330 ---
Lilemo tsa ho senya nako0.000---
Age × ketso multimedia0.000---
Lilemo × ho reka0.000---
Lilemo × papali ea chelete0.150 ---
Lilemo tsa marang-rang tsa fantisi0.350 ---
Lilemo × liwebsaete tseo batho ba etsang metsoalle ho tsona0.000---
Lilemo × lipapali0.000---
Lilemo × litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro0.000---
Lilemo × melaetsa0.000---
Lilemo tsa media × tsa phatlalatso0.350 ---
 
  

Lasso - bonyane ba shrinkage e felletseng le ts'ebetso ea khetho; RPG - Ho bapala lipapali; Mefuta-futa ea palo ea batho ke: Lilemo, Tekano, Peiso, Thuto, Boemo ba likamano le Tloaelo ea Thobalano. Bakeng sa nehelano, li-coefficients tsa bohlokoa tsa Lasso li bontšoa ka mongolo o motenya.

 

 

  

3.1

Boemo ba palo ea batho

Ho khatello ea lasso ha ho na phapang e kenyeletsang lilemo, bong, morabe, boemo ba thuto, boemo ba kamano kapa maikutlo a thobalano a neng a amahanngoa le PIU sehlopheng sefe kapa sefe sa lilemo kapa ho data e felletseng.

 

 

  

3.2

Mesebetsi ea inthanete

Ka tlhaiso-leseling e felletseng ea Lasso, mesebetsi e mengata ea inthanete e ne e amahanngoa le lintlha tse phahameng tsa PIU ho kenyeletsoa ho palama maqhubu ka kakaretso (β: 2.1), lipapali tsa inthanete (β: 0.6), mabenkeleng a marang-rang (β: 1.4), ts'ebeliso ea libaka tsa fantisi (β: 0.027), liwebsaete tseo batho ba etsang metsoalle ho tsona (β: 0.46) le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng (β: 1.0). Likamano lipakeng tsa PIU le lipapali tsa papali-papali (RPGs), papali ea chelete inthaneteng, ts'ebeliso ea libaka tsa fantisi le ho sebelisa media media li ne li lekantsoe ke lilemo (β: 0.33, 0.15, 0.35 le 0.35 ka ho latellana), le botsofali bo amanang le lintlha tse phahameng tsa PIU . Tlhatlhobong ea sehlopha sa lilemo (bacha ba nkang karolo ea lilemo tse 25, barupeluoa ba lilemong tse mahareng 25 <lilemo ≤ 55; batho ba baholo ba nkang karolo> 55), ho palama maqhubu ka kakaretso ho ne ho amahanngoa le PIU lilemong tsohle, empa haholo ho bacha (β: 2.4) , tlase ho ba lilemo li mahareng (β: 1.5), mme le ho feta ho barupeluoa ba baholo (β: 0.59) Tloaelo e ts'oanang e ile ea bonoa papaling ea inthanete (β: 0.45, 0.11 le 0.0 bakeng sa lihlopha tsa lilemo tse tharo ka tatellano) le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng (β: 1.4, 0.21 le 0.0). Mesebetsi e meng ea inthanete e joalo ka ts'ebeliso ea li-RPG tsa inthaneteng e ne e amahanngoa haholo le PIU ho bankakarolo ba lilemong tse bohareng ha e bapisoa le lihlopha tse ling tsa lilemo (β: 0.71). Ho ne ho le joalo le ka papali ea chelete ea inthanete (β: 0.78), ho romellana melaetsa ka potlako (β: 0.11) le liwebsaete tseo batho ba etsang metsoalle ho tsona inthaneteng (β: 1.3). Ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang a fantisi le eona e ne e amahanngoa le PIU haholo ho barupeluoa ba lilemong tse bohareng (β: 0.99), empa hape le ponelopele ho bankakarolo ba baholo (β: 0.23). Ho phallela mecha ea phatlalatso ea inthanete le ts'ebeliso ea lits'enyo tsa nako li ne li amahanngoa le PIU ho bankakarolo ba baholo (β: 1.2, 0.45 ka ho latellana), empa eseng sehlopheng sefe kapa sefe sa lilemo.

 

 

  

3.3

Litšobotsi tsa bongaka le boits'oaro

Matšoao a lefu la tlhokomelo e haelloang ke tlhokomelo (ADHD) (β: 1.7), lefu la ho tšoenyeha le akaretsang (GAD) (β: 0.23) le lefu la ho qobella ho qhekella (OCD) (β: 0.27) li ne li amahanngoa le lintlha tse phahameng tsa PIU. Tlhatlhobong ea sehlopha sa lilemo, ADHD le SAD li ne li amahanngoa le lintlha tse phahameng tsa PIU ho bankakarolo ba banyane (β: 0.35 le 0.56 ka ho latellana), ha ADHD e ntse e le bohlokoa sehlopheng sa batho ba lilemong tse mahareng (β: 3.1). GAD le OCD li ne li amahanngoa le lintlha tse phahameng tsa PIU sehlopheng sa batho ba baholo (β: 6.4 le 4.3 ka ho latellana), empa eseng sehlopheng se seng sa lilemo. Lintlha tsa BIS (boits'oaro bo sa tsitsang) le lintlha tsa PADUA (litloaelo tse feteletseng) li ne li amahanngoa le lintlha tse phahameng tsa PIU ho data e felletseng (β: 0.066 le 0.074 ka ho latellana) le ho lihlahlobo tsa lihlopha tsohle tsa lilemo.

 

 

  

4

Puisano

Pampiri ena ke teko ea pele ea ho hlahloba ka botlalo mefuta e fapaneng ea mesebetsi ea inthanete e amanang le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea marang-rang, ke hore, ka ts'ebeliso e thata ea inthanete. Mosebetsi o fetileng o rarollotse bothata ba mesebetsi e ikhethileng ea inthanete e lebisang ts'ebelisong e thata ka ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho mesebetsi e ikemetseng ea inthanete (

 

 

; ; ; ; ). Re bonts'itse mona hore mefuta e mengata ea mesebetsi ea inthanete, ho kenyeletsoa ho palama maqhubu ka kakaretso, papali ea inthanete, ho reka marang-rang, ts'ebeliso ea libaka tsa fantisi, papali ea chelete inthaneteng, liwebosaete tsa marang-rang le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng li kenya letsoho ka mokhoa o ikhethileng ho PIU, ho fana ka bopaki ba hore PIU e thata ketsahalo e nang le boits'oaro bo fapaneng ba mathata. Ho feta moo, re bontšitse hore boits'oaro bo boloka likamano tsa bona tsa bohlokoa le PIU, leha matšoao a kelello a tsejoa a amahanngoa le PIU (ke hore, matšoao a ADHD, GAD le OCD) (;) le litekanyo tsa boitšoaro tse tsejoang e le tse boletsoeng esale pele PIU (ke hore, mehato ea botho ea ho se ts'oenyehe le ho qobelloa) (;;;

) di elwa hloko. Re bontšitse hape hore mesebetsi e ikhethileng ea inthanete e kang RPG, papali ea chelete inthaneteng, ts'ebeliso ea libaka tsa fantisi le media oa phallela li amahanngoa le lintlha tse phahameng tsa PIU le hore kamano ena e susumetsoa ke lilemo. Kamora nako, tlhaiso-leseling ea rona e bontša hore mefuta e meng ea boits'oaro ba inthanete (mohlala, ho ea mabenkeleng, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​ho palama maqhubu ka kakaretso) e na le kamano e matla le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete ho feta papali mme ho ka etsahala hore sena se amana le taba ea hore lithuto tse fetileng ha li so kenye mesebetsi e fapaneng e amanang le inthanete. Liphetho tsena li na le moelelo o moholo bakeng sa ho nahanoa ha PIU joalo ka lefu le nang le moelelo oa bongaka, kaha li lebisa tlhokomelo hole le moaho o sa lekanyetsoang le o moqotetsane oa 'bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete', ho isa mokhatlong o mongata oa ts'ebeliso e nang le mathata ea inthanete kapa bokhoba ba inthanete bo nang le likarolo tse ngata ea boitšoaro ba batho inthaneteng.

Ntle le moo, ha re sebelisa netefatso ea sefapano se seng sa sampole re bontšitse hore mokhoa o 'sa tloaelehang' oa ho sebelisa khatello ea Lasso o nepahetse ha o noha lintlha tsa PIU ha o bapisoa le khatello ea 'standard standard'. Ho sebelisa tekanyetso ea kantle ho mehlala ea boleng bo boletsoeng esale pele ba mohlala hangata ho thusa ho sebetsana le ketsahalo eo ka eona bohlokoa ba eona bo senyehang lithutong tsa ho ikatisa. Leha ho le joalo, khetho ea khatello ea Lasso e tla le tlhokomeliso ea hore mefuta e sa khethiloeng ke mofuta (e nang le li-coefficients tsa zero) e ntse e ka bolela esale pele, haholo ha ho na le likamano tse phahameng lipakeng tsa mefuta e khethiloeng le e sa khethoang. Lenaneong la rona la data, re ne re se na mefuta e amanang haholo, leha ho le joalo, moeli ona o bolela hore re lokela ho sebetsana le liphetho tse mpe ka mokhoa o ts'oanelang. Mohlala, khaello ea kopano lipakeng tsa bong le PIU hammoho le khaello ea kopano lipakeng tsa bong × mesebetsi ea inthanete le PIU e ts'ehetsa khopolo ea hore haeba ho nahanoa ka mefuta e mengata ea boits'oaro ba PIU le ba ka 'nang ba ferekanya, banna le basali ka bobeli ba kotsing. ho nts'etsapele likarolo tsa PIU (

; ). Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la meeli ea tlhahlobo ea rona, re ke ke ra qhela monyetla oa hore mekhatlo e meng lipakeng tsa PIU le bong e teng. Mohlala, ho fanoe ka maikutlo a hore bong bo lekanyetsa kamano lipakeng tsa mabenkele a marang-rang le PIU le hore basali ba ka ba kotsing e kholo (). Ntho ea bohlokoa e kanna ea ba bothata ba ho reka bo qobelloang, bothata bo hlahelletseng lihlopheng tsa batho ba lilemong tse mahareng bo na le basali ba hlahelletseng ka 5: 1 ratio (), mme e kanna eaba e khannelang liphetho tse joalo. Re ne re sena data ea bothata bona ho leka mohopolo ona. Hape ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela, hore sesebelisoa sa IAT se sebelisitsoeng mona se fumane tlhaiso-leseling ka ho hloka matla ha eona mabapi le sebopeho, lintlha tse fapaneng le ts'ebetso ea DSM-5 ea hajoale (boloetse ba lipapali) le ho salla morao kamora tsoelo-pele ea mahlale a ts'ebeliso ea inthanete (;

). Patlisiso ea nakong e tlang ea PIU e tla sebetsoa hantle ka lisebelisoa tse matla, tse netefalitsoeng, tse tla tseba ho nka sebopeho sa PIU se fetohang kapele ho latela pono ea mahlale le boits'oaro.

Tlhatlhobo ea rona ea sehlopha sa lilemo e fane ka leseli mabapi le mekhatlo e amanang le lilemo lipakeng tsa PIU le mesebetsi e fapaneng ea inthanete. Khopolo e tloaelehileng ea hore PIU ke bothata ba bocha ha e hlile ha e ea nepahala ebile e kanna ea ipapisa le khaello ea lithuto tse raliloeng ka nepo tse hohelang boits'oaro ba inthanete ho pholletsa le lilemo. Tsebo e sa lekanang bakeng sa nalane ea tlhaho ea PIU nakong eohle ea bophelo ha e lumelle tlhahlobo e felletseng ea bofokoli ho batho ba baholo ka kotsi ea ho nts'etsapele PIU. Leha ho le joalo, liphetho tsa rona li bonts'a hore bofokoli boo bo teng mme lipatlisiso tse ling li tlameha ho etsa 'mapa oa batho ba kotsing. Mohlala, ho ba le ADHD kapa matšoao a matšoenyeho a sechaba e ka ba selelekela sa PIU ho baahi ba bacha, athe ho ba le matšoao a OCD kapa GAD e ka ba selelekela sa PIU ho batho ba baholo. Taba ea hore OCD ha ea fumanoa e amahanngoa le PIU tlhahlobisong ea litlhahlobo tsa morao-rao (

) e kanna ea ba sesupo sa hore batho ba baholo ba se ba sa ithute. Taba ea hore ADHD e ne e amahanngoa ka matla le lintlha tse phahameng tsa PIU ha e makatse, joalo ka ha lithuto tse ling li tlalehile ho ata ho hoholo haholo ha ADHD (ho fihla 100%) ho baahi ba PIU (). Ka nako e ts'oanang, batho ba lilemong tse bohareng ba mahareng (ba lipakeng tsa 26 le 55) ba ka ba kotsing e kholo ea PIU, haeba le bona ba na le bothata ba ho reka ka mokhoa o qobelloang kapa bothata ba papali ea chelete, ho latela nalane ea tlholeho ea mathata ao, a fihletseng lilemo tsa bohareng (

).

Ntle le moo, liphetho tsa hore ketsahalo e itseng ea inthanete e ne e amahanngoa le PIU feela lihlopheng tse itseng tsa lilemo, li bolela hore lihlopha tse itseng tsa lilemo li ka ba kotsing ea ho hlahisa likarolo tsa PIU. Le ha bacha ba le kotsing e kholo ea ho ba le PIU ka mokhoa oa ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, ts'oaetso e ka fokotsang lilemong tsa bohareng mme ea fokotseha hamorao bophelong, batho ba baholo ba kanna ba ba le monyetla oa ho holisa PIU e khetholloang ke tšebeliso e mpe ea nako litšila le phatlalatso ea litaba (bona tlhahlobo Feie. 4 ). Kamora nako, ho palama maqhubu ka kakaretso e kanna ea ba karolo e nyenyefalitsoeng ea PIU, e bonahalang e amana haholo le lintlha tse phahameng tsa PIU ho bacha, empa e le bohlokoa ho lilemo tsohle; Sephetho sena se kanna sa amana le taba ea hore bophelo ba batho ba baholo bo sa le tlase bo ka tataisoa mme bacha ba qeta nako e ngata nakong ea mesebetsi e sa hlophisoang libakeng tsa inthanete ha ba bapisoa le lihlopha tse ling tsa batho ba baholo.

  

 

 

 

Feie. 4
  

Mohlala oa ho lekola botsoalle bo pakeng tsa Mathata a ts'ebeliso ea inthanete le media o phallelang, ka sehlopha sa lilemo. Ona ke mohlala oa mohlala o bonts'a kamano lipakeng tsa Mathata a ts'ebeliso ea inthanete (PIU) le media e phallelang e hlophisitsoeng ka lilemo. Melao ea khatello ke mefuta e metle e nang le linako tsa ho itšepa (libaka tse putsoa). Ho khahlisang ke hore, phatlalatso ea litaba e bonahala e sa amane hakaalo le PIU lilemong tsa bocha ≤ 25 ha e bapisoa le batho ba baholo> 55 (hape e bonts'itsoe tlhahlobisong ea Lasso pampiring e kholo; Lasso coef Streaming media β: 0.0 ea bacha le β: 1.2 ea khale , Age × Phallela lipuisano tsa Media Lasso coef 0.35.: XNUMX). (Bakeng sa tlhaloso ea litšupiso tsa 'mala tšōmong ena,' mali o fetisetsoa ho mofuta oa webo oa sengoloa sena.)

 

 

 

Liphetho tsa rona li boetse li na le litlamorao ho bophelo bo botle ba sechaba mabapi le taolo ea litaba tsa inthanete, le sepheo sa ho tsepamisa maikutlo. Haeba mesebetsi e meng e hokahane ka matla le nts'etsopele ea ts'ebeliso e nang le mathata ho feta e meng, joale ho hlaha potso ea hore na ebe maano a bophelo bo botle a sechaba a lokela ho lebisa tlhokomelo ho lihlopha tsa batho ba tlokotsing ho ntlafatsa mamello ea bona kotsing ea PIU, kapa hore na mehato e meng e akaretsang e shebaneng le likarolo tse itseng ea boits'oaro ba inthanete, e lokela ho nkuoa e le ho etsa hore maemo a marang-rang a se ke a lemalla. Mohlala, maemong a mang marang-rang a kanna a sebelisa meralo e ikhethileng e sebelisang monyetla oa bofokoli ba basebelisi (ke hore, ho ba le tšekamelo ea ho qhekella kapa ho qobella) mme e ikemiselitseng ho holisa bolelele ba nako ba basebelisi sebakeng sa marang-rang. Le ha hona ho utloahala ho latela pono ea papatso, e hlahisa ngongoreho ea hore na libaka tsena li lokela ho fana ka tlhokomeliso ea bophelo bo botle ho mosebelisi.

 

 

  

4.1

sheba mefokolo ea

Ena e ne e le patlisiso e arohaneng ka marang-rang, ka hona ha ho likamano tsa mabaka tse ka huloang. Ho feta moo, ka lebaka la mokhoa oa ho hira, le mokhoa o ka bang teng oa batho ba nang le PIU monyetla oa ho phethela patlisiso ea inthanete, liphetho tsa hajoale li kanna tsa se ke tsa akaretsa PIU ka bongata bo akaretsang. Moeli o mong oa thuto ea rona ke khaello ea tlhaiso-leseling bakeng sa likarolo tse ling tsa tlhahlobo tse amanang le PIU, mohlala ho tepella maikutlo kapa tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi. Ka hona, ho ka etsahala hore khatello ea maikutlo kapa tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi li ka baka mekhatlo e meng e bonoeng thutong ea rona. Boithuto ba nako e tlang bo lokela ho kenyelletsa mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea litleliniki ho hlahloba hore na liakhaonte tsa mekhatlo e hlokometsoeng lipakeng tsa PIU le mesebetsi ea inthanete. Ho na le meeli e meng mabapi le tlhaiso-leseling ea rona ea bongaka e fumanoang ka ho sebelisa MINI; sena se netefalitsoe hore se ka fanoa ho tsoa ho motho ea koetlisitsoeng puisanong ea sefahleho le sefahleho athe thutong ea rona e ne e fanoa ka sesebelisoa sa inthanete. Leha ho le joalo, lintlha tsa rona tsa bongaka li lumellana le lithuto tse fetileng tsa PIU. Ntle le moo, phoso e 'ngoe pokellong ea rona ea lintlha ke hore re ile ra lekola ts'ebetso ea inthanete re sebelisa nako e sebelisitsoeng molemong oa ts'ebetso e le mohato oa projeke bakeng sa PIU ea ketsahalo eo. Le ha hona ho ka hapa tšebeliso e fetelletseng, ka hona e na le mathata, e kanna ea nka tšebeliso ea bohlokoa. Le ha mesebetsi e lekiloeng phuputsong ena hangata e ne e sa hlokahale ka lebaka la tlhaho ea bona (mohlala, tšenyo ea nako), kapa ha e etsoa ka mokhoa o fetelletseng (mohlala, 8 h / letsatsi la ho ea mabenkeleng, papali ea chelete kapa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa), lithuto tsa nako e tlang li ka kenyeletsa mehato e ka khethollang bohlokoa ho ts'ebeliso ea inthanete e seng ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e ngoe le e ngoe ea inthanete, ho lumella liteko tse joalo. Moeli o mong oa thuto ea rona ke khaello ea data bakeng sa bana le bacha. Bana le bacha ba ka sebelisana le inthanete ka tsela e fapaneng, empa hape ba pepesetsoa ts'ebeliso ea inthanete nakong ea fensetere e fapaneng ea neurodevelopmental. Ka hona, liphapang tse joalo li ka fana ka maikutlo a bofokoli bo fapaneng kapa botsitso ho latela kotsi ea ho nts'etsapele PIU. Mohlala, ho pepesetsoa maemo a marang-rang kapele le maemong a tlase ho ka ba le phello ea 'khatello ea kelello'

 

 

 

 

  

) e khopisang batho tsoelo-peleng ea bokamoso ea PIU. Haeba ho joalo, sena se ka tsoela pele ho hlalosa hore na hobaneng batho ba baholo ba fumaneng maemo a bona a marang-rang ha ba le baholo ba ka ba tlokotsing. Lithuto tsa nako e tlang li ka kenyelletsa lihlopha tsa lilemo tsa bana le bocha 'me u hlahlobe hore na mesebetsi e meng ea inthanete e bolela PIU. Ka bomalimabe, palo ea bankakarolo ba tlalehang bong ba transgender e ne e le nyane (n = 18), e neng e sa lumelle tlhahlobo e hlakileng ea litlamorao tsa bong ba transgender. Moeli oa ho qetela oa thuto ea rona ke hore palo ea batho bao re ithutang le bona e na le batho ba baholo ba phetseng hantle ba nang le <1% feela ba nang le boits'oaro bo matla ba PIU (IAT> 80). Liphuputso tsa nako e tlang li tla una molemo ka ho tsepamisa mohopolo o itseng pheletsong e phahameng ea sebopeho sa PIU ho tseba ho bapisa batho bao ba matla ba PIU le sehlopha sa taolo sa batho ba tlase ho isa ho ba itekanetseng kapa bao e seng PIU. Le ha palo e hakantsoeng ea ho ata ha PIU sampoleng ea rona e ne e le ~ 8.5% (ho sebelisoa khaolo ea IAT-50), monyako oa tlhekefetso ea bongaka bakeng sa PIU e lula e le likhang mme lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang li tla una molemo ka tekanyo le tlhaloso e amohelehang ea bokahohle ea PIU.

 

 

  

4.2

fihlela qeto e

Ho akaretsa, DSM-5 e totobatsa bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete e le bothata ba mokhethoa, empa mefuta e meng ea boits'oaro ba inthanete (mohlala, ho ea mabenkeleng, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​ho palama maqhubu ka kakaretso) e na le kamano e matla le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete ho feta papali. Litlhahlobo tsa mafu a kelello le mesebetsi ea inthanete e amanang le ts'ebeliso e nang le mathata ea inthanete e fapana ho ea ka lilemo, se fumanoeng se nang le litlamorao ho bophelo bo botle ba sechaba. Liphetho tsena li kenya letsoho tsebong e lekanyelitsoeng mabapi le mesebetsi ea inthanete e amanang le ts'ebeliso e nang le mathata ea inthanete mme e ka kenya letsoho ho khethollo ea ts'ebeliso ea mathata a marang-rang e le bothata bo bongata.

 

 

  

Karolo ea mehloli ea lichelete

Phuputso ena e amohetse lichelete tsa kahare tsa lefapha la Lefapha la Psychiatry Univesithing ea Chicago. Mesebetsi ea lipatlisiso ea Dr. Ioannidis e tšehetsoa ke Thuto ea Bophelo Bochabela ho Engelane Likarolo tse khethehileng tsa phaello. Bangoli ha baa ka ba fumana chelete bakeng sa ho hlophisa buka ena e ngotsoeng ka letsoho. Mohloli oa lichelete ha oa ka oa nka karolo ho rala, ho sekaseka lintlha kapa ho ngola thuto.

 

 

  

phehisa

KI e thehile mohopolo bakeng sa sengoloa, e sekaseka lintlha, e ngotse boholo ba sengoloa le lingoliloeng tse tlatselletsang mme e hokahanya menehelo ea bangoli-'moho. MT le FK ba nkile karolo ho emeng le ho lekoleng tlhahlobo ea lipalo. SRC, SR, DJS, CL le JEG ba thehile le ho hokahanya boithuto mme ba bokella le ho tsamaisa data. Bangoli bohle ba balile le ho amohela sengoloa sa ho qetela mme ba kentse letsoho ho hlophiseng le ho nchafatseng pampiri le ho toloka liphetho.

 

 

  

Khohlano ea thahasello

Dr. Grant o fumane lithuso tsa lipatlisiso ho tsoa ho NIDA (RC1DA028279-01), Setsi sa Naha sa Lipapali tse Ikarabellang, le Roche le Forest Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Grant o fumana matšeliso ho tsoa ho Springer joalo ka mohlophisi e moholo oa Journal of Gambling Study mme o fumane litefiso ho tsoa McGraw Hill, Oxford University Press, Norton le APPI. Dr. Chamberlain o kopela Cambridge Cognition le ho nka karolo ha hae lipatlisisong tsena ho tšehelitsoe ke Intermediate Clinical Fellowship ho tsoa Wellcome Trust (UK; 110049 / Z / 15 / Z). Dan Stein le Christine Lochner ba tšehelitsoe ka lichelete ke Lekhotla la Patlisiso ea Bongaka la Afrika Boroa. Bangoli ba bang ha ba tlalehe likamano tsa lichelete le phaello ea khoebo. Ha ho na e 'ngoe ea mehloli e boletsoeng kaholimo e nang le karolo ho moralo oa boithuto, pokello, tlhahlobo le tlhaloso ea data, ho ngola buka e ngotsoeng ka letsoho, kapa qeto ea ho tlisa pampiri hore e phatlalatsoe.

 

 

Ho ananela

Re kolota baithaopi ba libaka tseo ka bobeli ba nkileng karolo thutong.

 

 

Sehlomathiso A

Lintlha tse tlatselletsang

Lintho tse ling tse eketsehileng

Lintho tse ling tse eketsehileng

 

 

 

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