Bothata ba ho sebelisa Inthaneteng lithethefatsi tse nang le lithethefatsi tse tlas'a phekolo libakeng tsa sechaba tsa rehab (2019)

World J Psychiatry. 2019 Jun 10; 9 (3): 55-64.

E hatisitsoe Inthaneteng 2019 Jun 10. doi: 10.5498 / wjp.v9.i3.55

PMCID: PMC6560498

PMID: 31211113

Stefano Baroni, Donatella Maraziti, Federico Mucci, Elisa Diadema, 'me Liliana Dell'Osso

inahaneloang

MOSEBETSI

Tšebeliso e mpe ea Marang-rang (PIU) kapa bokhoba ba marang-rang e bonoe e le tšebeliso ea boitšoaro bo khetholloang ke litakatso tse fetelletseng kapa tse sa laoloang hantle, litakatso, kapa boits'oaro mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea komporo le phihlello ea inthanete e lebisang ho senyeha kapa khatello e ts'oanang le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi.

AIM

Ho etsa lipatlisiso ka ts'oaetso le tšebeliso ea tšebeliso ea marang-rang le tlhekefetso sehlopheng sa batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi ho tsoa Italy e ka Boroa, ka lipotso tse ikhethang [“Questionario sull'Utilizzo delle Nuove Tecnologie” (QUNT).

METHODA

Lithuto tsohle (183) e ne e le batho ba tsubang haholo, hoo e batlang e le 50% ea bona ba sebelisang liindasteri tsa heroin le / kapa opioid, 30% joala, 10% cannabis, 8% cocaine, le 5% e ne e le basebelisi ba polydrug. Hoo e batlang e le 10% ea batho le bona ba ne ba le bothata ba ho becha.

LIPOTSO

Nako e sebelisitsoeng marang-rang e ne e feta lihora tsa 4 ka letsatsi ho sampole e felletseng, ka keketseho e nyane lithutong tsa banna. Basebelisi ba cocaine le cannabis ba qetile lihora tse fetang tsa 6 marang-rang, haholo ho feta bakuli ba opioid le ba lemaletseng joala. Ho tsamaisoa ha lintlha tsa QUNT ho ne ho sa fapana ka bong. Basebelisi ba Cocaine ba bontsitse lintlha tse ngata tsa "tahlehelo ea taolo", "bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" le "ho lemalla liwebsaete tsa batho ba bang", bakeng sa phello e matla ea ntho ena. Ho feta moo, 15 ho tsoa ho basebelisi bohle ba koae ea 17 e ne e le basomi ba methapo. Likamano tse ntle le tse bohlokoa tsa lipalo li ile tsa bonoa pakeng tsa lintlha tse ling tsa QUNT le index ea boima ba 'mele.

QETELLO

Liphumano tsena li bonts'a hore PIU ha e boima lithutong tse nkang lintho tse hohelang, tse kang li-heroin / opioid le joala, ho feta lithutong tse nkang lintho tse khothatsang. Ntle le moo, e ka sebelisoa e le "hlohlelletso" "ts'ebeliso ea batho ba sebelisang koae le koae." Litlamorao tse futhumetseng tsa lithethefatsi tsa tlhekefetso li ile tsa bonoa mabapi le phapang e ka bang teng likamanong tsa thobalano linthong tsa QUNT. Re bone mofuta oa “tšireletso” ea kamano ea lerato le / kapa ho lula 'moho le molekane, joalo ka ha lithuto tseo tse amehang li bonts'a litheko tse tlase linthong tse fapaneng ho feta lithuto tse le' ngoe kapa ba lulang ba le bang. Kamano lipakeng tsa nako e sebelisitsoeng marang-rang (le bophelo bo amanang le ho lula fatše) le index ea boima ba 'mele e ka fana ka maikutlo a hore ts'ebeliso ea inthanete e ka ba karolo e tlatsetsang ho eketseng boima ba mmele le botenya hara bacha le bacha ba lefats'e ka bophara. Seo re se fumaneng se boetse se totobisitse ho ba kotsing ea makhoba a lithethefatsi tse sebelisang matlafatsang, ho e-na le lisebelisoa tse thellisang, litloaelong tse ling tsa bokhoba ba boitshwaro, jwaloka bothata ba papali ea chelete.

Keywords: Tšebeliso ea marang-rang, Mathata a sebelisang marang-rang, lithibelo tsa boitšoaro, tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi, litsi tsa Rehab

Keletso: Phuputso ena e fuputse litšobotsi tsa ts'ebeliso ea inthanete le tšebeliso ea mathata a marang-rang (PIU) ho batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi ka lethathamong le itseng. Se fumanoeng se bonts'a hore PIU e atile haholo lithutong tse noang koae le cannabis ho feta lithutong tse noang opioids kapa joala, le hore le tsona li anngoe ke bothata ba papali ea chelete ea ho becha. Sena se fana ka maikutlo a karolo e khahlisang ea lithethefatsi tse susumetsang tse lebisang ho nts'etsopele ea bokhoba ba boitšoaro. Kamano pakeng tsa nako e sebelisitsoeng marang-rang le index ea boima ba 'mele e bontša hore tšebeliso ea inthanete e ka ba ntho e khothalletsang ho nona haholo le botenya. Thibelo ea bokhoba ba tahi e lokela ho nahana ka PIU, eo hajoale e emelang seoa sa lefats'e.

SELELEKELA

Mahlale a macha, ha a sebelisoa ka nepo, ntle le pelaelo a etsa sesebelisoa se ka ntlafatsang haholo bophelo ba motho. Marang-rang mohlomong ke e 'ngoe ea liphetoho tse kholo lilemong tse' maloa tse fetileng hobane e fetotse mokhoa oa puisano, ho fetofetola tlhahisoleseling, ho nka karolo liketsahalong tsa 'nete tsa lik'hilomithara tse likete hole, le ho fumana habonolo le kapele mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa tlhahisoleseling [,]. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ho lokela ho hlokomeloa hore ts'ebeliso e fosahetseng ea marang-rang a marang-rang, haholo-holo moo mabaka a kelello a kelello a leng teng, kotsi ea nnete bakeng sa bophelo ba kelello ba thuto, hobane e ka ba bothata ho tsoa taolong ea hae.

Haholo-holo, ho hlekefetsoa ha marang-rang ho emela ts'okelo e kotsi le e kholo e ka bakang tšenyo e kholo lithutong tsa bophelo ba motho, maikutlong le mosebetsing. Lilemong tsa ho qetela tsa 15, palo ea basebelisi ba marang-rang e eketsehile ka 1000% [], joalo ka ha ho tlalehiloe ke Internet World Stats, Pigdom, sechaba se fumanehang ho fihlela joale ts'ebeliso ea lefats'e ea inthanete, lipalo-palo tsa baahi le litaba tse ling []. Ha ho makatse hore ka lebaka leo, lithuto tsa tlhekefetso ea marang-rang li eketsehile. Bothata bona ha bo e-so utloisisoe hantle, 'me lipatlisiso mabapi le etiology ea eona li ntse li le qalong ea eona [].

Ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete (PIU) kapa bokhoba ba marang-rang ke tšebeliso ea boitšoaro [] e ka hlalosoang e le "ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang e bakang mathata a kelello, a sechaba, a sekolo le / kapa a sebetsang bophelong ba motho" [].

Ho eketsa lingoliloeng ho PIU ho ile ha lebisa Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Psychiatric Association ho kenyelletsa Diski tsa Lipapali tsa Inthanete karolong ea 3 ea Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Dis shida (DSM-5), empa maikutlo a hajoale ke a hore data e eketsehileng ea hlokahala pele o e kenya bukeng ea litaelo. boemo ka seriti sa nosological [-]. Ho 2008, thibela [] e khothalelitse mekhoa e mene ea ho hlahloba hore na ho hlokahala eng hore motho a tšoaetsoe lefu la PIU, a re: “Tšebeliso e feteletseng ea inthanete e amanang le tahlehelo ea nako; ho ikarola, ho kenyelletsa maikutlo a bohale, khatello ea maikutlo le tsitsipano ha inthanete e sa fumanehe; mamello, ho kenyelletsa tlhoko ea lisebelisoa tse ntle tsa khomphutha, software e eketsehileng, kapa tšebeliso ea lihora tse ngata, le litlamorao tse mpe, ho kenyelletsa ho ngangisana, ho bua leshano, sekolo se fosahetseng / mosebetsi kapa katleho ea mosebetsi, ho itšehla thajana le ho tepella ”[].

Ka kakaretso, lithuto tsa PIU ha li tsebe hore li na le bothata [-] e ka fokolisang lelapa butle-butle, sekolo, mosebetsi kapa bophelo ba boiketlo [kapa ho lebisa ho tloheng ho tebileng sechabeng [,esita le ho ipolaea [,-]. Boithuto bo 'maloa bo tlalehiloe ka litlamorao tse mpe tsa PIU, empa lingoliloeng ha li bonts'a khakanyo e ts'oanang ea boitšoaro bona [,]. Ka ho khetheha, ha ho hlake hore na PIU e lokela ho khetholloa e le mofuta oa bokhoba ba boits'oaro [], bothata bo laoloang ke tšusumetso, bohlasoa ba lefu le bonoang ka tšohanyetso [-], kapa mokhoa o holofetseng oa ho sebetsana le khatello ea maikutlo [-].

Matšoao a tloaelehileng a PIU a tšoana le a mafu a tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi (SUDs) ho ea ka DSM-5 [] ho kenyelletsa boitšoaro bo sa lebelloang le mohopolo [,], ho lakatsa, ho tšoenyeha ho feteletseng ka mesebetsi ea Marang-rang, le ho se khone ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea eona [,]. Bafuputsi ba bang ba ile ba etsa lintho tse ling tse tšoanang ka bokhoba ba boits'oaro, ho kenyeletsa le bothata ba papali ea chelete [,]. Hape, lithuto tsa neurobiological li bontša hore PIU e arolelana le li-SUDs likarolo tse 'maloa tsa neurobiological [,-]. Leha PIU e fumanoe khafetsa e kopane le mathata a mang a mafu a kelello [], lingoliloeng tse mabapi le kamano lipakeng tsa PIU le SUDs li nyane.

Hoa tšoana le ka datha mabapi le ho ata ha PIU le litšobotsi naheng ea rona. Ka hona, thuto ea hona joale e reretsoeng ho lekola liketsahalo tsena sechabeng se ikhethang se entsoeng ke batho ba latelang lenaneo la ho khutlisetsa lithethefatsi litulong tsa sechaba (servizio Tossicodipendenze, SERT) ka potso e bitsoang "Questionario sull'Utilizzo delle Nuove Tecnologie" (QUNT) hore re ne re bopetse morero ona.

LISEBELISOA LE MEKHOA

Potso ea boitlhahlobo

Sethala se ikhethileng se sebetsang le webosaete (http://dronet.araneus.it/questionario) ho mahlale a macha a thehiloe ho seva e kantle. Sethala se ile sa lumella ho fihlella lipotso tsa boitlhahlobo feela dessyecik Inthanete.

Ka nako e ts'oanang, tlhaiso ea lipotso tsa tlhahlobo e boletsoeng QUNT e qapiloe. QUNT e na le likarolo tse peli, e 'ngoe e le ya data ea palo ea batho' me e 'ngoe e na le lintho tsa 101 (Sehlomathiso 1). Lintho tse mashome a mane a metso e mehlano ho tsohle tsa 101 li ne li e-na le likarabo tse hlano tse ka khonehang, ho latela sekhahla sa lintlha tse hlano tsa Likert se nang le 1 se bonts'ang "bohata ka botlalo" le 5 e bonts'a "'nete ka botlalo"; lintho tse tharo e ne e le lipotso tse ikhethileng; tse leshome li ne li tsepamisitse maikutlo ts'ebelisong ea "ho romellana melaetsa hanghang" (ka likarabo tse hlano tse ka khonehang, ho latela sekhechana sa lintlha tse hlano tsa Likert se 1 se bonts'ang "bohata ka botlalo" le 5 e bonts'a "'nete") le lintho tsa 42 ts'ebelisong ea "sechabeng marang-rang ”(melaetsa ea hang-hang: WhatsApp, Telegraph, Skype, le marang-rang a batho ba bang: Facebook, Twitter le Instagram) (ka likarabo tse hlano tse ka khonehang, ho latela sekala se nang le lintlha tse hlano le 1 se bonts'a" 'nete ka botlalo "le 5 e bonts'a"' nete ka ho feletseng " ). Ntho #101 ha e le hantle e ne e le potso mabapi le khotsofalo / ts'ebeliso kapa eseng ka lipotso. Lintho tse nkoang e le tsa bohlokoa haholo li ile tsa kopanngoa molemong oa ho tseba lintlha tse hahiloeng ho latela a priori mekhoa e fetotsoeng ho tsoa data e fumanehang ho lingoliloeng tsa mahlale [,,]. Lintlha tsena e ne e le "nako e sebelisitsoeng marang-rang" (ntlha ea 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 25, 33), "ho ikhula sechabeng" (ntlha ea 8, 10, 18, 22, 30, 35), "ho tlosa nnete ”(Ntlha 11, 13, 24),“ tahlehelo ea taolo ”(temana ea 19, 20, 32, 36),“ ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ”(temana ea 26, 27),“ ludopathy ”(ntho ea 40, 41, 42, 43) ), le "ho lemalla marang-rang" (49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57). Ntho ea "ho lemalla marang-rang" e arotsoe ka lintlha tse latelang: "Ho lemalla Facebook" (ntlha ea 61-75), "ho lemalla Twitter" (ntlha ea 76-86) le "ho lemalla ho Instagram" (ntlha (P) 86-97) Lintlha tsa lintlha li baliloe e le kakaretso ea liphetho tse fumanoeng nthong ka 'ngoe li arotsoe ke lintlha tse phahameng ka palo. Re thehile karabo ea 4 (pakeng tsa 4 le 6 hr / d) kapa 5 (> 6 hr / d) ea ntlha ea 2 "nako e sebelisitsoeng marang-rang". E le lintlha tse khaotsoeng ho khetholla boteng ba, ka ho latellana, PIU e ka bang teng kapa e itseng / e matla, tumellanong le lingoliloeng tsa hajoale, leha likhohlano li le teng]. Ha ho na mokhoa oa ho khetholla barupeluoa bao lebitso la bona le neng le sa lumelloa.

Tsamaiso ea pokello ea data

Khokahano ea QUNT e ile ea tsebisoa liofising tse ikarabellang bakeng sa lits'ebeletso tsa setereke sa batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi, li-SERTs, tse sebakeng sa Calabria, e le ho kopa bakuli ba bona hore ba e tlatse. Kakaretso ea lithuto tsa 1500 li ile tsa botsoa ho tlatsa. pampiring ea lipotso ka boithaopo. Boithuto ba hona joale bo amohetsoe ke Komiti ea Boitšoaro Univesithing ea Pisa.

Tlhahlobo ea statistical

E ikemetseng t-test e sebelisitsoe ho bapisa bongata ba lintlha tsa lintlha motheong oa lintho tsena tse fetotsoeng: Thobalano (M / F); single (e / ha ho phele hammoho (e / ha ho joalo) .Hlahlobo e le 'ngoe ea phapang e lateloang ke tlhahlobo ea Bonferroni bakeng sa post-hoc e ne e sebelisetsoa ho lekola papiso ea papiso ea likarolo tsa boima ba 'mele (BMI). The χ2 Ts'ebetso e sebelisitsoe ho bapisa likarolo tsa mekhahlelo. Lipalopalo tsohle li ile tsa etsoa ke Statistical Package for Social Sayansi (SPSS), mofuta 22 (Armonk, NY, United States) [].

LIPOTSO

Litšobotsi tsa palo ea batho ba ithutileng

Lipotso tse khutlisitsoeng tse neng li ngotsoe 183, tseo 148 (80.87%) li neng li tsoa ho banna mme 35 (19.13%) li ne li tsoa ho basali, ntle le limemo tsohle tsa 1500. Boholo ba lithuto (86, 47%) li qetile lilemo tsa 8 tsa sekolo, 73 (39.9%) sekolo se phahameng, 14 (7.7%) lilemo tsa 5 tsa sekolo sa mathomo, le 10 (5.5%) li qetile. Lihlooho tse mashome a robong a metso e 'meli (50.3%) li ne li sa nyaloa, 64 (14.8%) ba ne ba nyetse, mme 27 (14.8%) ba ne ba le kamanong ea lerato. Bolelele ba ho ba teng setsing sa boikhathollo ba sechaba bo ne bo le lipakeng tsa 1 le 60 mo (bolela ± standard deviation (SD): 32 ± 20).

Mefuta ea tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi le / kapa bokhoba ba boits'oaro

Lithethefatsi tse neng li hlekefetsoa ka ho fetisisa e ne e le li-heroin kapa li-opioid (n = 88, 48.1%), joala (n = 55, 30.1%), cannabis (n = 20, 9.8%), koaen = 17, 7.7%), le amphetamines (n = 3, 1.6%). Tlhekefetso ea Polydrug (amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine, ecstasy) e ne e le teng ho batho ba robong (4.9%), ha lefu la ho becha le fumanoe ho 18 (9.3%). Lithuto tsohle tsa 183 e ne e le batho ba tsubang haholo (Tafole (Tafole11).

Lethathamo 1

Mefuta ea tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi le / kapa bokhoba ba boits'oaro

n (%)
Heroin kapa opioids88 (48.1)
ho noa joala55 (30.1)
Cannabis20 (9.8)
Cocaine17 (7.7)
Amphetamines3 (1.6)
Tlhekefetso ea Polydrug9 (4.9)
Boloetse ba ho becha18 (9.3)
Batho ba tsubang183 (100)

Smartphone e fumanoe e le sesebelisoa se atileng haholo se sebelisoang ke lithuto tsohle ho fihlella inthanete. Nako e sebelisitsoeng marang-rang e ne e ts'oana ho banna le basali, 4.12 ± 2.9 h. Ho khahlisang ke hore nako e sebelisitsoeng marang-rang ke 30% ea cocaine le 25% ea basebelisi ba cannabis e ne e le holimo haholo (> 6 h) ho feta ea lihlopha tse ling.

Lintho tsa QUNT le bong

Ho ajoa ha lintlha tsa QUNT ho ne ho sa tšoane ho batona ba babeli; leha ho le joalo, banna ba sebelisang cannabis ba bontšitse mokhoa o lebisang lipalo tse phahameng (bolela ± SD) ka lintlha tse latelang: "Ho khaotsa setjhaba" (2.44 ± 0.38 vs 2.23 ± 0.39, P <0.001) le "ho tlosa 'nete" (3.12 ± 1.74 vs 2.24 ± 0.46, P <0.001). Basebelisi ba Cocaine ba bontšitse lintlha tse phahameng ho feta lithuto tse ling ho "tahlehelo ea taolo" (3.64 ± 1.12 vs 2.51 ± 0.36, P <0.001), "bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" (3.59 ± 1.44 vs 2.54 ± 0.41, P <0.001), le "ho lemalla marang-rang" (3.22 ± 0.98 vs 2.66 ± 0.76, P <0.001) lintlha.

Lintho tsa QUNT le kamano e amehang

Tlhahlobo ea phapang ea lintlha tsa QUNT mabapi le ho ba lesoha (n = 92) kapa o kentsoe kamanong ea lerato (n = 91) e bontšitse hore lithuto tse le 'ngoe li na le lintlha tse phahameng ho lintlha tse latelang (e bolela ± SD): "Nako e sebelisitsoeng inthaneteng" (2.95 ± 0.47 vs 2.17 ± 0.44, P <0.001); "Ho hula sechaba" (1.40 ± 0.35 vs 1.34 ± 0.32, P <0.001); "Ho tlosa 'nete" (1.90 ± 0.40 vs 1.56 ± 0.62, P <0.001); "Ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" (3.12 ± 0.88 vs 1.99 ± 0.79, P <0.001); le "ho lemalla marang-rang" (2.89 ± 1.08 vs 2.06 ± 0.33, P <0.001).

Tlhahlobo ea liphapang pakeng tsa balekane ba lulang (72) kapa ba sa lule hammoho (17) le molekane e bonts'itse phapang e kholo. Lintho tse latelang li bonts'a lipalo tse phahameng lithutong tse sa kang tsa lula le molekane vs ba neng ba lula le molekane: "Nako e sebelisitsoeng inthaneteng" (3.03 ± 0.53 vs 2.16 ± 0.76, P <0.001), "ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" (3.15 ± 0.99 vs 2.33 ± 0.71, P <0.001), "ludopathy" (3.42 ± 1.08 vs 2.96 ± 0.66, P <0.001), le "ho lemalla marang-rang" (2.99 ± 0.91 vs 2.01 ± 0.44, P <0.001).

Lintho tsa QUNT le BMI

Sampole ka kakaretso e ile ea aroloa ho latela boleng ba BMI. Lithuto tse leshome le metso e mehlano li ne li na le BMI ka tlase ho 18.50 (underweight, UW), 69 pakeng tsa 18.51 le 24.9 (boima bo tloaelehileng, NW), 60 lipakeng tsa 25 le 30 (boima bo feteletseng, OW), 26 lipakeng tsa 30.1 le 34.9 (degree ea pele ea botena, OB1), le 13 e kholo ho feta 35 (degree ea bobeli ea botena, OB2). Mekhahlelo ea OB1 le OB2 li kopantsoe sehlopheng sa "Obese" (OB). Ho bapisoa ha lintlha tsa ntlha tsa QUNT maemong a mane a BMI ho tlalehiloe ho Lethathamo Tafole2,2, e bonts'a hore ha BMI e le kholoanyane e nka boleng bo eketsehileng. Ho feta moo, joalo ka ha ho bontsitsoe ho Setšoantšo Figure1,1, ha BMI e ntse e eketsa liperesente tsa lintlha tse hlano, "nako e sebelisitsoeng marang-rang", "ho tlosoa setjhabeng", "ho tsoa linthong tse ling", "ludopathy", le "ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang", le tsona li shebileng holimo. Kamora nako, basebelisi ba koae ba leshome le metso e mehlano le bona e ne e boetse e le barekisi ba marang-rang (haholo-holo libapali tsa marang-rang) mme ba bonts'a lintlha tse phahameng haholo ho "ludopathy" factor (3.20 ± 0.45 vs 2.86 ± 0.51, P <0.001).

Faele e kantle e nang le setšoantšo, papiso, joalo-joalo Lebitso la ntho ke WJP-9-55-g001.jpg

Mokhoa oa lipalo-palo tsa lintlha tse ling tsa QUNT le index ea boima ba 'mele. A: Nako e sebelisoang inthaneteng; B: Ho tlosoa ha sechaba; C: Thibelo ho tsoa ho nnete; D: Ludopathy; E: Bokhoba ba ho liwebsaete tseo batho ba etsang metsoalle ho tsona. BMI: Lenane la boima ba 'mele; UW: O tlase; NW: Boima bo tloaelehileng; OW: Ho feta boima ba 'mele; OB: Ho Nona Haholo; QUNT: Potso ea lipotso tsa mapolesa Sull'Utilizzo delle Nuove Tecnologie.

Lethathamo 2

Ho bapisoa le lintlha tsa QUNT factor likarolong tse 'ne tsa BMI

LintlhaUWNWOWOBFP bolengPost-hoc papiso: Bohlokoa etsoe P <0.05
Nako e sebelisitsoeng inthaneteng53.44 ± 13.6853.80 ± 13.1254.91 ± 12.7155.83 ± 14.103.870.009OW> UW
Ho tlosoa ha sechaba25.39 ± 6.3527.55 ± 7.6128.73 ± 8.9430.81 ± 10.149.910.001OW> UW; OB> UW; OB> NW
Tlosa ntho ea nnete32.33 ± 10.0234.90 ± 10.1335.11 ± 12.9836.11 ± 13.442.690.045None
Ho lahleheloa ke taolo28,10 ± 9.1129.79 ± 10.1131.04 ± 12.4931.21 ± 10.871.951.98None
Ho lemalla litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso43.32 ± 12.2841.95 ± 13.7041.34 ± 11.0342.09 ± 13.451.550.250None
Ludopathy33.26 ± 13.1736.23 ± 10.8539.88 ± 22.9141.16 ± 22.394.280.005OW> NW
Bokhoba ba ho romella melaetsa hanghang54.05 ± 18.3356.02 ± 16.4756.24 ± 18.3655.60 ± 17.091.720.197None
Bokhoba ba ho liwebsaete tseo batho ba etsang metsoalle ho tsona41.60 ± 12.6142.13 ± 13.1541.80 ± 12.1944.14 ± 18.901.810.187None

QUNT: Lintlha tsa lipotso sull'Utilizzo delle Nuove Tecnologie; BMI: Index ea 'mele; UW: O tlase; NW: Boima bo tloaelehileng; OW: Ho feta boima ba 'mele; OB: Botenya.

TŠOHLOA

Boithuto ba hona joale bo tlaleha sephetho sa tlhahlobo e kopaneng ea lipatlisiso tsa tšebeliso ea ts'ebetso ea marang-rang ka mahlale a macha (li-PC, li-smartphones le matlapa), hammoho le PIU, har'a lithuto tse fumanang ts'ebetso ea ntlafatso libakeng tsa sechaba sa baphaphathehi tikolohong. sebaka se tsoang Italy e ka boroa. Ho ea ka tsebo ea rona, ena ke phuputso ea pele e entsoeng ho batho bana ba baholo ba ikhethang, kaha pele ho ne ho hlahlojoa mehlala ea bacha feela [].

Lithuto tse 'maloa li ile tsa amohela memo ho tsoa ho lingaka tsa bona tsa mafu a kelello / litsebi tsa kelello ho tlatsa lenane la lipotso, le bitsoang QUNT, le hlahisitsoeng ke rona molemong oa sena. Ho khetheha ha QUNT, ha ho bapisoa le ho sebelisoa lithutong tse fapaneng, ke hore e qaqisitsoe haholo molemong oa ho lekola likarolo tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebeliso ea inthanete le PIU. Ntho ea 2 "nako e sebelisitsoeng marang-rang" e ne e nkuoa e le bohlokoa ho supa boteng ba PIU ha e le pakeng tsa 4 le 6 hr / d (karabo 4), kapa PIU e matla, ha e ne e le> 6 hr / d (karabo 5) .

Hoo e ka bang 10% ea lithuto e khutlisitse li-QUNTs ka botlalo tse neng li nepahala bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea lipalo. Sena se ka fanoa joalo ka botho bo ikhethileng ba batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi, haholo-holo ba sa foleng bo emelang boholo ba sampole ea rona, mme bo ka supa botebo bo tlase ba lithuto tse kopanetsoeng le ho latela le boikoetliso []. Sesebelisoa se sebelisoang haholo (100% ea lithuto) ho fumana marang-rang e ne e le smartphone. Ho ne ho e-na le katleho e phahameng ea banna ho basali, e bonts'a phetisetso ea thobalano libakeng tsa sechaba tsa setereke tsa ho phomola sechabeng Italy, tumellanong le tlhaiso ea data ea naha e bonts'ang hore karolo ea monna: mosali ke 4: 1 [].

Lithuto tsohle e ne e le batho ba tsubang haholo, hoo e batlang e le 50% ea bona ba neng ba sebelisa li-heroin le / kapa li-opioid, 30% joala, 10% cannabis, 8% cocaine, le 5% e ne e le basebelisi ba polydrug. Ke lithuto tse tharo feela tse neng li sebelisa basebelisi ba amphetamine, ka hona, li ne li sa kenyelletsoa tlhahlobisong ea lipalo. Hoo e batlang e le 10% ea batho ba bang le bona ba ne ba le bothata ba ho becha, athe boteng ba mafu a mang a kelello bo ne bo behiloe e le mokhoa oa ho khetholla.

Nako e sebelisitsoeng marang-rang e ne e phahame haholo, e ne e feta 4 hr / d ho sampole kaofela, ntle le tšenyo e kholo lithutong tsa banna. Basebelisi ba cocaine le cannabis ba sebelisitse chelete e fetang ea 6 hr / d marang-rang, haholo ho feta bakuli ba opioid le ba sebelisang joala. Ka hona, ba kanna ba angoa ke PIU e matla, ho latela sebopeho se hlalositsoeng ke rona (araba karabo 5 ea ntho 2) le data ea lingoliloeng [,-]. Ha li kopantsoe hammoho, liphumano tsena li bonts'a hore le ha PIU e kanna ea ba teng mefuteng eohle ea batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi, ha e boima haholo lithutong tse nkang lintho tse hohelang, tse kang heroin / opioid le joala. Ntle le moo, e ka sebelisoa e le "hlohlelletso" "ts'ebeliso ea batho ba sebelisang koae le koae." Sena se tšehelitsoe ke ho ata ha bothata ba lipapali lipakeng tsa batho ba hlekefetsang koae, ka tumellano le tlhaiso-leseling ea lingoliloeng [-].

Tlhahlobo ea phetiso ea lintlha tsa QUNT e bonts'itse phapang e amanang le thobalano le tšekamelo e nyane e lebisang ho litheko tse phahameng ho "ho tlosoa sechabeng" le "ho amoheloa linthong tsa nnete" ho banna. Sena se fapane le thuto e fetileng e entsoeng lithutong tse phetseng hantle tse senotseng phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa banna le basali. Tlhaloso e ka ba litlamorao tse bobebe tsa lithethefatsi tse hlekefelitsoeng tse "nyenyefatsang" phapang ea thobalano []. Ha ho bapisoa le lihlopha tse ling, basebelisi ba koae ba ile ba bonts'a lintlha tse ngata tsa "tahlehelo ea taolo", "bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" le "ho lemalla liwebsaeteng tsa batho ba bang". Sena ha se makatse ha ho fanoa ka phello e matla ea ntho ena [].

Seo re se fumaneng se netefalitse "litlamorao" tsa kamano ea lerato le / kapa ho phela le molekane [], joaloka lithuto tse le 'ngoe kapa ba lulang ba le bang ba se nang tšehetso ea malapa ba bontšitse lintla tse ngata tse fapaneng, haholo "nako e sebelisitsoeng inthaneteng", "ho ikarola sechabeng", "ho tlohela lintho tsa nnete", "ho lemalla litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso" le "ho lemalla lits'ebetso tsa marang-rang. ”. Sena se bontša ka ho hlaka hore inthanete e ne e sebelisetsoa ho fetisa nako kapa boikhathollo.

Ha ho makatse hore lithuto tse sebelisitseng nako e ngata marang-rang, joalo ka ha li bonts'itsoe ke palo e phahameng ea "nako e sebelisitsoeng marang-rang", "ho ikarola sechabeng", "ho se be teng" le mabaka a "ho ba makhoba marang-rang a sechaba", li ne li na le BMI e phahameng. Ka hona, tšebeliso e feteletseng ea Marang-rang e ka nkuoa e le sesosa se seng se eketsang boitšoaro ba ho lula fatše [], mme e kanna ea ba kotsi ka ho khetheha ho barekisi ba lithethefatsi ba seng ba ntse ba pepesehetse mafu a bongaka a fapaneng []. Nako e fokotsehileng ea ho robala le litšila tse fetotsoeng tsa circadian ka lebaka la PIU ke lintlha tse ling tse ka eketsang monyetla oa mathata a metabolic, a bongaka le a kelello [,,] hammoho le tšitiso ea mosebetsi, lelapa, mosebetsi oa sechaba kapa sekolo [,].

Kamora nako, boholo (15 ho tsoa ho kakaretso ea 17) ea basebelisi ba koae le bona e ne e le papali ea papali ea chelete (haholo-holo libapali tsa marang-rang), mme ba bontšitse boemo bo holimo haholo ho "ludopathy". Sena se ka fana ka maikutlo a tšoaetso e itseng ea batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi ho mefuta e meng ea lits'ila, haholo haeba ba sebelisa litlatsetso ho fapana le lithethefatsi tse susumetsang []. Boithuto ba rona bo na le mefokolo e itseng e lokelang ho ananeloa. Potso ea QUNT e ne e sa netefatsoe, leha hona ho atile haholo lithutong lefapheng lena [,-]. Ho ata ha PIU ho ne ho thehiloe nthong e le 'ngoe feela, empa e ne e le sepheo sa sepheo se seholo sa thuto se hlahlobang litšobotsi tsa ts'ebeliso ea inthanete. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ha ho na tlhahisoleseling e ileng ea bokelloa ka mahlomola a maikutlo kapa boits'oaro bo sitisang bo ntseng bo etsoa lipatlisiso nakong ena.

Ha re kopantsoe hammoho, liphetho tsa rona li bonts'a hore ts'ebeliso e fetelletseng ea marang-rang ka li-smartphones e atile haholo ho batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi, joalo ka ha ho bontšitsoe ke nako eo ba e sebelisang inthaneteng, le hore PIU e atile haholo ho batho bana, haholoholo ho ba noang koae le cannabis. Kamano lipakeng tsa nako e sebelisitsoeng marang-rang (le bophelo bo amanang le ho lula fatše) le BMI li ka fana ka maikutlo a hore tšebeliso ea inthanete e ka ba sesosa sa ho eketsa boima ba 'mele le botena ho batho ba lilemong tsa bocha le ba baholo lefatšeng ka bophara [,]. Seo re se fumaneng se ka supa tlokotsi e khethehileng ea batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi, haholo-holo haeba ba sebelisa litlatsetso ho e-na le likhakanyo tse tlatsetsang, eseng feela mefuta e meng ea pharma-cological empa le lithahasellong tsa boits'oaro, tse kang PIU kapa papali ea methapo ea kutlo. Thibelo ea bokhoba ba ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi e lokela ho nahana ka buka ena, 'me e ntse e hlahlojoa hampe, sebaka sa litheko tsa boits'oaro, haholo-holo PIU eo kajeno e emelang seoa sa lefats'e [,-].

LIHLOOHO TSIETSI

Nalane ea lipatlisiso

Ts'ebeliso e mpe ea Marang-rang (PIU) ke mokhoa o tloaetsoeng oa ho lematsa batho tšebeliso ea inthanete o ntseng o fetoha bothata bo ntseng bo eketseha lefatšeng ka bophara. Leha ho se tumellano e teng litekanyetsong tse nepahetseng tsa ts'oaetso, PIU e nkuoa e le tšebelisano ea litheko tsa boits'oaro ka mathata a ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi (SUDs) le litheko tse ling hape likarolo tse ngata mohlomong le manonyeletso a tlase tlasa "

Khothatso ea lipatlisiso

Ka bomalimabe, ha ho na tlhahisoleseling e fumanehang ka ho ata ha PIU har'a lithuto tse lemaletseng lithethefatsi, ntle le bopaki bo fanoeng, ba hore batho bana ba anngoe ke ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebetso ea polydrug le lithahasello tsa boits'oaro, joalo ka ha eka ho ba teng ha motho a le mong kapa ba bangata ba lemaletse. emela mofuta oa ho ba kotsing ea ho eketsa setšoantšo sa tleliniki ka ho qala mefuta e meng ea mathata ana.

Morero oa lipatlisiso

Patlisiso ea ho ba teng le ho ata ha PIU har'a ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi tlasa kalafo litsing tsa rehab li tla lumella ho kengoa kalafo e khethehileng ho thibela ho qaleha ha mefuta e meng ea litlatsetso e ka mpefatsang setšoantšo sa lits'ebeletso le tlhabollo ea mananeo.

Mekhoa ea ho etsa lipatlisiso

Potso e khethehileng e lokelang ho tlatsoa inthaneteng, e bitsoang Questionario sull'Utilizzo delle Nuove Tecnologie (QUNT), e hlahisitsoe ho lekola boteng le litšobotsi tsa ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang le PIU. QUNT e na le likarolo tse peli, e 'ngoe e le ya data ea palo ea batho' me e 'ngoe e na le lintho tsa 101 tse hlophisitsoeng ka mabaka a hahiloeng ho latela a priori Mekhoa e fetotsoeng ho data e fumanehang ho lingoliloeng tsa mahlale. Baithuti bohle ba ithaopileng ho nka karolo thutong (n = 183) e tlalehile hore QUNT e na le thuso mme e khotsofetse ka eona. Lintlha tsa lintlha li baliloe e le kakaretso ea liphetho tse fumanoeng nthong ka 'ngoe li arotsoe ke lintlha tse holimo ka liperesente. Re khethile karabo ea 4 (lipakeng tsa 4 le 6 hr / d), le karabo 5 (> 6 hr / d) ea ntlha ea 2 "nako e sebelisitsoeng marang-rang". Bakeng sa ho khetholla index ea boima ba 'mele (lintlha tsa, ka ho latellana, boteng ba PIU bo ka bang teng kapa bo itseng (le bo matla).

Liphetho tsa lipatlisiso

Nako e sebelisitsoeng marang-rang e ne e feta 4 hr / d ka kakaretso ea sampole, le e fokolang, leha e le e sa bohlokoa, e atile har'a lithuto tsa banna. Basebelisi ba cocaine le cannabis ba qetile lihora tse fetang tsa 6 marang-rang, haholo ho feta basebelisi ba opioid le joala. Ho ajoa ha lintlha tsa QUNT ho ne ho sa tšoane ho bong bohle. Basebelisi ba Cocaine ba bontsitse lintlha tse ngata tsa "tahlehelo ea taolo", "ho lemalla litšoantšiso tsa bootsoa" le "ho lemalla ho liwebsaete tsa sechaba", mohlomong ka lebaka la ts'usumetso ea ntho ena. Ho feta moo, 15 ho tsoa ho basebelisi bohle ba koae ea 17 le eona e ne e le ba bechang. Kamano e ntle le e kholo ea lipalo e boetse e bonoe lipakeng tsa lintlha tse ling tsa QUNT le index ea 'mele (BMI). Liphetho tsena, leha li bonts'a hore PIU e tloaelehile hara ba sebelisang lithethefatsi hampe, e hloka ho phetoa hape ka disampole tse kholo tse tsoang linaheng tse ling. Leha ho le joalo, ba beha kotsi ea ho lemalla lithethefatsi ho batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi, e leng bothata bo lokelang ho tsotelloa ha ba rera ho thibela batho ba bang le ho ba kenella.

Liphetho tsa lipatlisiso

Liphumano tse ncha tsa boithuto bona li emeloa ke liperesente tse kholo tsa PIU har'a ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi, haholo haeba ba sebelisa koae kapa cannabis. Sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore, le ha tlhekefetso ea marang-rang e le teng ho bohle ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi, PIU ha e sebetse haholo lithutong tse nkang lintho tse thethefatsang, joalo ka heroin / opioids le joala, athe e ka fetoha mofuta oa "tse susumetsang" ho batho ba sebelisang koae le koae. , joalo ka tšehetso ea tlhaselo e phahameng ea papali ea methapo har'a ba hlekefetsang koae. Ho feta moo, PIU e lula khafetsa lithutong tse le 'ngoe kapa lithuto tse lulang u le mong, sephetho se hatisa litlamorao tsa likamano tsa lerato kapa tsa setsoalle ka kakaretso khahlano le ho qala ha bokhoba. Lithuto tseo tse sebelisitseng nako e ngata inthaneteng, joalo ka ha li bonts'itsoe ke palo e phahameng ea "nako e sebelisitsoeng marang-rang", "ho ikarola sechabeng", "ho tsoa linthong tse ling", le "ho lemalla ho etsa metsoalle", li ne li na le BMI e phahameng. Ka hona, tšebeliso e fetelletseng ea marang-rang e ka nkuoa e le sesosa se seng sa boits'oaro bo nkang bo ka ba kotsi haholo ho batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi, lithuto tse seng li tloaetse mafu a bongaka a fapaneng. Ho fokotseha ha nako ea ho robala le litšila tse potileng tse potileng ka lebaka la PIU ke lintlha tse ling tse ka eketsang monyetla oa mathata a metabolic, a bongaka, le a kelello hammoho le ho senyeha ha mosebetsi, lelapa, sechaba kapa ts'ebetso ea sekolo.

Maikutlo a lipatlisiso

Se fumanoeng ke boithuto ba hona joale se bonts'a hore bokhoba ba boits'oaro, bo kang PIU, bo ka pharalatsa ts'ebeliso ea polydrug, haholo lithutong tse nkang li -vuser kapa li-cannabis. Ntle le moo, PIU e kanna ea nkoa e le sesosa se seng se eketsang mekhoa e mebe ea bophelo, e seng e anngoe haholo ke batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi, ha e ntse e khothaletsa boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho lula le ho hloka toka maemong a fapaneng a motho. Lithuto tsa nako e tlang li lokela ho nahana ka tšusumetso ea PIU ho batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi ka litlhare tse itseng ho e lekola, e le ho thibela, eseng feela litlamorao tsa eona tse mpe, empa le tse amanang le ho atoloha ha boitšoaro.

LINTLHA TSA LITLHAHO

Re leboha batsamaisi bohle ba ikarabellang ba SERT ba tsoang Calabria ka tšebelisano-'moho ea bona e ntle.

Mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe

Polelo ea boto ea thuto ea setheo: Boithuto bona bo ananetsoe ke Komiti ea Boitšoaro ea Univesithi ea Pisa.

Polelo e tsebisitsoeng: Boithuto bo amohetsoe ke Komiti ea Boitšoaro ea Univesithi ea Pisa, 'me barupeluoa ba nkile qeto ea ho nka karolo ho eona ka boithaopo le ka tsela e sa tsejoeng, e le hore ho se khone ho ba tseba.

Polelo ea qhoebeshano: "Bangoli ha ba na likhohlano tsa thahasello tse ka phatlalatsoang.

Mohloli o ngotsoeng ka letsoho: Buka e ngotsoeng ka letsoho

Tlhahlobo ea lithaka e qalile: April 26, 2018

Qeto ea pele: June 15, 2018

Sengoloa ka khatiso: May 15, 2019

Mohlophisi oa P: Hosak L, Seeman MV S-Mohlophisi: Ji FF L-Sehloekisi: Filipodia E-Sehloekisi: Wang J

Mofuta o ikhethang: Psychiki

Naha ea matsoalloa: Italy

Pehelo ea tlaleho ea lithaka

Mophato A (Motlotlehi): 0

Kereiti B (E ntle haholo): 0

Kereiti C (E ntle): C, C

Mophato D (Fair): 0

Sehlopha sa E (Phofu): 0

Boitsebiso ba bafani

Stefano Baroni, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Karolo ea Psychiatry, Univesithi ea Pisa, Pisa 56100, Italy.

Donatella Maraziti, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Karolo ea Psychiatry, Univesithi ea Pisa, Pisa 56100, Italy. ti.ipinu.dem.ocisp@izzaramd.

Federico Mucci, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Karolo ea Psychiatry, Univesithi ea Pisa, Pisa 56100, Italy.

Elisa Diadema, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Karolo ea Psychiatry, Univesithi ea Pisa, Pisa 56100, Italy.

Liliana Dell'Osso, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Karolo ea Psychiatry, Univesithi ea Pisa, Pisa 56100, Italy.

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