Lisosa tsa Likotsi Tsa Maiketsetso Tse Amanang le Inthaneteng ea Korea Inthaneteng (2014)

Patlisiso ea Psychiki. Oct 2014; 11 (4): 380-386.

E phatlalalitsoe marang-rang Oct 20, 2014. Doi: 10.4306 / pi.2014.11.4.380

PMCID: PMC4225201

Lee Lee, Kyoung Min Shin, Letsatsi-Mi Cho, 'me Yun Mi Shin

Boitsebiso ba Mongoli ► Sehlooho sa Article ► Tlhahisoleseding ea Copyright le License ►

inahaneloang

sepheo

Sepheo sa thuto ena e ne e le ho hlahloba ho ata ha lithethefatsi tsa Inthaneteng liithuti tsa sekolo se bohareng le ho lemoha lisosa tse amanang le likotsi tsa kelello le khatello ea maikutlo.

mekhoa

Phuputso ena e ne e le karolo ea thuto e kholo ea mafu a mafu a kelello bongoaneng e entsoeng Osan, toropo ea Rephabliki ea Korea. Re sebelisitse IAS bakeng sa ho lemalla inthanete, K-YSR bakeng sa mathata a lihlooho tsa maikutlo le boits'oaro le K-CDI bakeng sa matšoao a sithabetsang. Re sebelisitse lintlha tsa n = 1217 linyeoe tse phethetsoeng. Re apara mefuta e ikemetseng, e leng thobalano, lilemo, ho tsuba le boiphihlelo ba joala, maemo a moruo, lilemo tsa ts'ebeliso ea pele ea inthanete, lintlha tsa K-YSR le K-CDI.

Results

Litaba tsena li ne li e-na le basebelisi ba nang le lithethefatsi (2.38%), ho feta basebelisi (36.89%) le basebelisi ba tloaelehileng ba Inthanete (60.72%). Tlhokomeliso ea mathata, likamano tsa botona le botšehali, mathata a bohlōhō, likarolo tsa K-CDI, mathata a ho nahana, lilemo le mekhoa e mabifi ke mefuta e sa tsejoeng ea ho lemalla marang-rang. Nako ea ho sebelisa Inthanete qalong e ne e sa bolelloe hore ho lemalla Inthaneteng hampe.

fihlela qeto e

Sephetho sena se bonts'a tšoanang le lipatlisiso tse ling mabapi le litaba tsa sechaba, maikutlo le boitšoaro bo amanang le ts'ebeliso ea inthanete. Ka kakaretso, lithuto tse nang le temallo e matla ea inthanete li ne li e-na le mathata a maikutlo kapa a boitšoaro. Ho bolela hore ba se ba bile le mathata a fapaneng ha re fumana bokhoba ba marang-rang ba bocha. Ka hona hoa hlokahala ho lekola hore na lithuto li na le mathata a maikutlo kapa a boitšoaro le ho kenella ho thibela ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang.

Keywords: Bokhoba ba marang-rang, Adolescent, K-YSR, K-CDI, Age ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang ea pele

SELELEKELA

Korea Boroa e na le e 'ngoe ea mekhoa ea IT e tsoetseng pele ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, e nang le lebelo le potlakileng la inthanete le phihlello e fumanehang habonolo inthaneteng. Ka hona, ho feto-fetoha le maemo ha tšebeliso ea inthanete maphelong a bona e se e le ntho e tloaelehileng. Patlisiso inthaneteng ea tšebeliso e senotse hore 99.9% ea bacha.¹ Bokhoba ba inthanete bo amohetse e le bothata ba machabeng. Ho entsoe liphuputso le linaheng tse ling. Tekanyo e atileng ea bokhoba ba marang-rang USA ke 9.8-15.2% har'a batho ba lilemong tsa bo mashome a mabeli.² Greece, sekhahla sa sekhahla sa ts'ebeliso e ka bang le mathata a marang-rang (PIU) ke 19.4% mme sekhahla sa PIU ke 1.5%. Thutong ena, PIU e ka bang teng e hlalosoa e le ts'ebeliso ea inthanete e phethahatsang tse ling, empa eseng kaofela, tsa litekanyetso tsa tlhahiso ea PIU. Ba sebelisitse Teko ea Bokhoba ba Inthanete ea Bacha bakeng sa ho hlophisa likarolo tsa ts'ebeliso ea inthanete PIU e bolela ho se khonehe ha motho ho laola tšebeliso ea hae ea inthanete, ka hona ho tšoaile khatello ea maikutlo le / kapa ts'oaetso e sebetsang. Taiwan, sekhahla se atileng sa bokhoba ba inthanete ke 15.3% har'a baithuti ba univesithi.³ Liphuputso tse 'maloa li senotse litheko tsa bokhoba ba marang-rang ho bacha ba Korea ho ba pakeng tsa 2.6 le 14.9%.¹^,⁴^,⁵ Mabaka a mangata a kang sebaka, sesebelisoa sa ho hlahlobisisa le lilemo tsa seo a hlileng a ikemiselitseng ka sona e kanna ea ba le phapang lipapatsong tsa litekanyetso tsa lipalo lithutong tsena.

Mathata a ho lemalla ho sebelisa Inthanete (IAD) a hlalosoa e le ho se khone ho laola tšebeliso ea hae ea inthanete, e ka lebisang mathateng a 'mele, a kelello le a sechaba.⁶ Ho 1998, Goldberg o ile a khothaletsa IAD hore e be lefu la kelello le thehiloeng ho papali ea methapo ea methapo joalokaha ho hlalositsoe ho Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Dis shida (DSM-IV). Hammoho le papali ea chelete ea methapo ea methapo, IAD e bonts'a likarolo tse ts'oanang le tsa ho itšetleha ka lintho tse kang ho sesa, ho feto-fetoha ha maikutlo, mamello, matšoao a ho tlohela, likhohlano le ho oela hape.⁶ Matšoenyeho a bongaka a hlokang tlhahlobo e matla le kalafo ea bokhoba ba inthanete a eketsehile lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng. Empa ho ile ha phehisanoa khang ka eona hore na e lokela ho eketsoa e le bothata ho Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Khatiso ea Bohlano (DSM-5). Ha ho hlake hore na bokhoba ba inthanete bo hlahile ho tsoa pherekanong e neng e le teng pele, kapa ehlile ke setho sa lefu le sa hlakang. Ho tloha ka 2013, 'ts'ebeliso ea inthanete ea boloetse ba papali' e kentsoe ho DSM-V Karolo ea 3, sehlopha sa mathata a hlokang lipatlisiso tse ling.⁷

Bokhoba ba marang-rang bo bontšitse ho ikamahanya le khatello ea maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo le khatello ea kelello.⁸^,⁹^,¹⁰^,¹¹ Ho liithuti tsa 1618 tse nang le lilemo tse 13 ho isa lilemong tsa 18, 6.4% e ne e le kotsing e phahameng ea ho sebelisa internet marang-rang. Ba neng ba sebelisa ts'ebetso ea methapo ea kutlo ba ne ba le linako tsa 2.5 tse ngata tsa ho ba le khatello ea maikutlo nakong ea ho latela khoeli ea 9 ha ba bapisoa le sehlopha se laolang. Sephetho sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore bacha ba qalong ba se nang mathata a bophelo bo botle ba kelello empa ba sebelisa marang-rang ba kotsing ea ho ba le khatello ea maikutlo.¹¹ Ka lehlakoreng le leng, khatello ea maikutlo e ne e le e 'ngoe ea litaba tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello tse amanang le bokhoba ba marang-rang joalokaha ho tlalehiloe ke Young.⁶

Nts'etsopele ea ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa inthanete e bontšitsoe e phahame ho baahi ba nang le ADHD. Tlalehong ea Yoo et al.,¹² ho ile ha boleloa hore liithuti tsa mathomo tse lemaletseng marang-rang li na le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa matšoao a ADHD. Baahi ba lilemong tsa bocha ba boetse ba bonts'itse kamano pakeng tsa ADHD le ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang.¹³ Ho khothalletsoa hore ho khotsofatsa tlhoko ea bona ea ho ikhotsofatsa hanghang, bana le bacha ba nang le ADHD ba batle matšeliso inthaneteng mohlomong e lebisang ho lemeng ha marang-rang. Hobane ba na le nako e thata ea ho boloka lithahasello tsa bona mme ba rata ho lieha ho fumana moputso, hangata sena se fella ka ho se sebetse hantle lithutong le mathata likamanong tsa lithaka. Mohlomong ke e 'ngoe ea lisosa tse ka sehloohong tsa bokhoba ba bona ba marang-rang hobane hangata mesebetsi ea inthanete e fana ka maikutlo a susumetsang a multimodal, karabelo ea hang-hang le moputso.

Ntle le moo, ho pepesetsoa marang-rang ke sa le monyane haholo le ho momahana ha lelapa hampe, ho ikamahanya le maemo le puisano e ne e le mabaka a tikoloho a ho lemalla inthanete.¹³ Ke et al.¹⁴ e boletse hore lilemo tsa ho pepesetsoa ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang li amana haholo le ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang. Phuputso e entsoeng liketsong tse ling tse joalo ka ho becha ka methapo ea kutlo le ho noa joala ho fana ka maikutlo a hore ho pepeseha botsofaling ba motho ho amana haufi le ho teba kapa ho tiea ha eona.¹⁵^,¹⁶^,¹⁷ Haeba re nahana ka liphetho tsa lipatlisiso tsena, ho pepesetsoa marang-rang ho sa le monyane e ka ba lebaka le amanang le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi Inthaneteng.

Phuputsong ena, sepheo sa rona e ne e le ho hlahloba 1) ho ata ha tšebeliso ea marang-rang le mathata le bokhoba ba marang-rang, 2) lintlha tse amanang le bokhoba ba marang-rang.

METHODA

Lihlooho

Boithuto bona e ne e le karolo ea boithuto bo boholo ba lefu la mafu a kelello a bana bo neng bo etsoa Osan, toropo e ka boroa-bophirima ho Seoul, Rephabliking ea Korea. Setsi sa Tlhokomelo ea Bophelo ba Bana ba kelello se entse tlhahlobo nakong ea tlhahlobo ea bophelo ba bana ba lehae, ho bokella data ho 2006. Bafuputsi ba hlaloselitse baithuti le batsoali ba bona ka lintho tseo ba ithutileng tsona le melemo ka mangolo mme ba saena litumellano tse nang le tsebo, 'me ba fana ka tiiso ea lekunutu. Baithuti ba ile ba koptjoa ho tlatsa lipampiri tsa lipotso ka phapusing e hlokometsoeng ke mothusi oa lipatlisiso. Kakaretso ea baithuti ba 1857 ba nkile karolo lipatlisisong tsena mme baithuti ba 640 ha ba qheleloe ka thoko ka lebaka la lipotso tse sa felletseng, tse bakileng baithuti ba 1217.

Mehato

Lintlha tsa Sociodemographic

Barupeluoa ba ile ba tlatsa lipotso tse akaretsang tse akaretsang sebopeho sa lelapa, thuto ea botsoali le boemo ba moruo, boiphihlelo ba ho tsuba, boiphihlelo ba ho nwa jwala le lilemo tsa tšebeliso ea pele ea inthanete hammoho le lilemo le bong. Boemo ba moruo bo ne bo arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e meraro ho latela chelete ea lelapa.

Sekala sa Tebello ea Inthanete

Tekanyo eo taba e kenyang tšebeliso ea marang-rang e ne e khethiloe ho sebelisoa phetolelo ea Korea ea Internet Addiction Scale (IAS).⁶^,¹² IAS e na le lintho tsa lipotso tsa 20. Ntho e ngoe le e ngoe e lekantsoe ka tekanyo ea lintlha tsa 5; lintlha tse phahameng ka kakaretso li bontša ho lemalla ho eketsehileng Inthaneteng. Ho latela Young, palo ea 70 kapa kaholimo ho IAS e bonts'a taolo e hlakileng ea inthanete, mme lintlha tse fetang 40 li bonts'a tšebeliso e mpe ea inthanete, e ka bakang mathata a itseng bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi. IAS e thehiloe e le sesebelisoa se tšepahalang le se sebetsang.¹⁸ Alpha ea Cronbach e ne e le 0.91 thutong ea hajoale, e bonts'a botsitso bo botle ba kahare.

Tlaleho ea Korea le Bacha

Achenabch¹⁹ e ntlafalitse tekanyetso ena ea boits'oaro (YSR) eo bacha ba e sebelisang bakeng sa ho itlhalosa maemo a bona a ho ikamahanya le mathata a maikutlo le a boits'oaro likhoeling tsa ho qetela tsa 6. E etselitsoe bacha lilemong tsa 11 le 18 ea lilemo tsa bocha. YSR e fana ka lintlha tsa lilemo tsa T le maemo a bong a amanang le bong bakeng sa li-subscales tse tsoang ho 13, joalo ka ho tšoenyeha / khatello ea maikutlo, mathata a tlhokomelo, boits'oaro bo mabifi, kantle le mathata a kahare, joalo-joalo YSR e tlalehiloe e le thepa e lekaneng ea psychometric. Re sebelisitse mofuta oa Korea oa YSR o qapiloeng ke Oh et al.²⁰ eo ho nahanoang hore e na le thepa e lekanang ea psychometric ho bacha ba Korea. K-YSR e boetse e tloaelehile bakeng sa lihlopha tsa bong le lilemo tse amanang mme e sebelisitsoe haholo bakeng sa bongaka le lipatlisiso tsa Korea.

Lethathamo la khatello ea maikutlo ea bana ba Korea

Re sebelisitse CDI ho lekola matšoao a sithabetsang. CDI e na le lipotso tse ikhethileng tsa 27 tse tšoailoeng sekepeng sa 3-point Likert ho tloha 0 (ha e eo) ho 2 (e teng le e tšoailoeng); kakaretso ea lintlha e tsoa ho 0 ho isa 54.²¹^,²² Likarolo tsa ntho li kenyelletsa mohopolo o mobe, mathata a ho ikopanya, ho itšepa, ho se sebetse hantle le anhedonia.²¹^,²² Phetolelo ea Korea ea CDI e ne e emisitsoe ho 1990, 'me bonnete ba eona le ho ts'epahala ho mehlala ea Korea li thehiloe hantle mme li tlalehiloe libakeng tse ling. Palo e felletseng ea 29 e nkuoa e le sebaka sa ho emisa matšoao a sithabetsang ho K-CDI.²³

Tlhahlobo ea statistical

Taba ea mantlha, re arola lithuto tsena ka lihlopha tse tharo-basebelisi ba li-inthanete, basebelisi le basebelisi ba tloaelehileng ba marang-rang ho latela lintlha tse felletseng ho IAS mme re bapisa litšobotsi tsa sechaba le lintlha tsa K-YSR har'a lihlopha tse tharo tse nang le liteko tsa chi-mraba le Kruskal Teko eaWallis. Re sebelisitse mokhoa ona o seng oa parametric hobane thuto ena e ne e sa bonts'a phepelo e tloaelehileng.

Taba ea bobeli, sepheo sa mantlha sa thuto ea hona joale e ne e le ho lekola litlamorao tsa mathata a maikutlo le a boits'oaro le maemo a mang a lelapa kapa a moruo ho batho ba sebelisang marang-rang ba lemaletseng ka marang-rang ba sebelisang makhetlo a mangata a khutsitseng. Mefuta ea rona e ikemetseng e ikemetseng e ne e le thobalano, lilemo, ho tsuba le boiphihlelo ba joala, boemo ba moruo, lilemo tsa ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang ea pele, lintho tse ka tlase tsa lintlha tsa K-YSR le K-CDI. Mefuta e itšetlehileng ka eona e ne e kenyelletsa basebelisi ba lemaletseng marang-rang ba IAS, basebelisi, le basebelisi ba tloaelehileng ba inthanete. Re sebelisitse VerSS ver. 17.0 ea lihlahlobo.

LIPOTSO

Har'a liithuti tsa sekolo se mahareng sa 1217 tse ngolisitseng thutong ena, ho netefalitsoe hore lithuto tsa 29 (2.38%) e ne e le basebelisi ba lemaletseng marang-rang, lithuto tsa 449 (36.89%) e ne e le ba feteletseng mme 739 (60.72%) e ne e le basebelisi ba tloaelehileng ba marang-rang (Lethathamo 1). Thobalano, lilemo, boiphihlelo ba lilemo tsa ho tsuba le lilemo tsa tšebeliso ea marang-rang ea pele li ne li fapane ho li-subgroups empa ho noa joala le boemo ba moruo sh-o na le phapang e fokolang (Lethathamo 1).

Ho bapisa litšobotsi tsa socialodemographic lipakeng tsa ho lemalla, ho fetella le sehlopha se tloaelehileng sa basebelisi

Lintlha tse tloaelehileng e ne e le 77.41 ± 7.80 ea basebelisi ba lemaletseng marang-rang, 49.42 ± 7.65 ea ba fetelletseng le 30.20 ± 5.13 ea basebelisi ba tloaelehileng ba marang-rang (Lethathamo 2). Sehlopheng se phahameng se lemaletseng inthanete, lintlha tsa nthoana ea K-YSR li ne li le holimo 'me liphapang li ne li le bohlokoa lipalo-palo (p <0.01) ntle le ntho e huloang. Ho ne ho se na phapang lipakeng tsa mosebelisi ea sebelisang joala hampe le inthanete empa mosebelisi ea tloaelehileng oa inthanete o bontšitse phapang ho ba bang ba babeli nthong e tlositsoeng. Ho K-CDI, sehlopha se phahameng se lemaletseng inthanete se bonts'itse khokahano le lintlha tse phahameng tsa K-CDI mme phapang lipakeng tsa lihlopha tse tharo e ne e le ea bohlokoa (p <0.01) (Lethathamo 2).

Ho bapisoa ha lintlha tsa K-YSR / K-CDI lipakeng tsa ho lemalla, ho fetella le sehlopha sa basebelisi se tloaelehileng

Bokhoba ba marang-rang bo ne bo amana le K-YSR ka kakaretso le lintho tse tlasa tlase mme hape le K-CDI (Lethathamo 3, p <0.01). Lintho tse ka hlalosang ho teba ha lithethefatsi tsa inthanete e ne e le mathata a tlhokomelo (β = 0.578, t = 3.36), mathata a botlokotsebe (β = 0.900, t = 4.02), mathata a ho nahana (β = 0.727, t = 3.80) le boitšoaro bo mabifi (β = 0.264, t = 3.25) ho K-YSR le thobalano (β = 5.498, t = 8.65), lilemo (β = 1.591, t = 4.29), lintlha tsa K-CDI (β = 0.382, t = 6.50) (Lethathamo 4). Nako ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang ea pele e bonts'itse khokahano ea khahlanong le marang-rang (β = -0.090, t = -3.71). Ho ne ho bolela hore ha re qala ho sebelisa bocha marang-rang, re lemaletse habonolo marang-rang (Lethathamo 4). Lintho tse kaholimo ho tse robeli li na le 31.5% ea lintlha tse hlalosang bokhoba ba inthanete [R2 = 0.315, F (8) = 68.41, p <0.01] (Lethathamo 4).

Kopano lipakeng tsa K-YSR, K-CDI le lintlha tsa IAS

Bohato bo bong le bo bong ba ho lekola khatello ea maikutlo mabapi le bokhoba ba marang-rang

TŠOHLOA

Phuputso ena e ne e bua ka sekhahla sa bokhoba ba marang-rang ho liithuti tsa sekolo se mahareng le litšobotsi tse amanang le maemo a bophelo, maikutlo le boitšoaro.

Tse tona li ne li amana haufi haholo le bokhoba ba marang-rang ho feta ba basali tse bileng le liphetho tse tšoanang.¹^,³^,⁸^,⁹^,²⁴ Ha ho etsoa khafetsa khafetsa, bong ba motho e ne e le bolepi bo matla ba ho lemalla marang-rang (Lethathamo 4).

Phuputso ena e netefalitse hore ho na le kamano lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba marang-rang le ba baholo taba eo e neng e le. Boithuto linaheng tse ling le bona bo fihletse qeto ea hore bokhoba ba marang-rang bo atile haholo ho bacha.²⁵^,²⁶^,²⁷ Empa ha ho na lipatlisiso tse tebileng mabapi le lebaka leo lemallo la marang-rang le amang bacha ba pakeng tsa lilemo tse leshome le metso e meraro le leshome le metso e mehlano. Ka kakaretso, baithuti ba sekolo se phahameng ba kotsing ea ho lemalla marang-rang ho feta baithuti ba sekolo se mahareng le ba mathomo. Ka hona, re nahana hore kaha baithuti ba sekolo se mahareng ba haufi le lilemo tsa sekolo se phahameng, temallo ea bona ea inthanete e ba e hlahelletseng.⁵^,²⁸

Bonyenyane lilemong tsa ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang ea pele li bonts'itse tloaelo e phahameng ea bokhoba ba marang-rang bo matla. Patlisiso e entsoeng Chaena mabapi le lilemo tse qalang tsa tšebeliso ea marang-rang (lilemo tsa 8-12) ho univesithi e ncha e netefalitse temallo ea marang-rang.¹⁴ Ha ho na lebaka le hlakileng empa sephetho sena se ka bolela hore ho pepesehela bana marang-rang hamorao botsofaling e ka ba sesosa sa ts'ireletso ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang. Ho sireletsa bana ho pepeseheng ha inthanete ka mokhoa o fetelletseng, tikoloho ea lelapa e bohlokoa. Batsoali ba tlameha ho tiisa litekanyo tšebeliso ea inthanete ea bana ba bona. Bana ba banyenyane ba angoa habonolo ke ts'ebeliso ea batsoali ba bona inthaneteng.

Lintho tse ling tse amanang le tikoloho ea lelapa le tsona li susumetsa bokhoba ba marang-rang. Kim et al.²⁹ e tlaleha hore mathata a puisano kahare ho lelapa le tšebelisano e fokolang ea lelapa li ne li amana le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete. Phuputso e bonts'itse hore tikoloho e teng ka har'a lelapa e kanna ea ba ea bohlokoa ho fokotsa bokhoba ba marang-rang.³⁰

Bokhoba ba marang-rang bo ne bo kopantsoe le lintlha tse ngata tsa K-CDI le khatello ea maikutlo / matšoenyeho le mathata a setjhaba: dintho tse tlasa K-YSR tse neng li tsamaellana le sephetho sa lithuto tse ling.²⁶^,²⁷^,³¹^,³²^,³³^,³⁴ Ho ipapisitse le khopolo-taba ea Khantzian, re fana ka maikutlo a hore lefats'e la marang-rang e le mokhoa oa ho iphekola le ka laola lerato, boitšepo, likamano kapa ho itlhokomela ha mosebelisi leha ba na le khatello ea maikutlo lefatšeng la 'nete.³⁶ Lee et al.³⁴ e boletse hore ba nang le mathata a mangata a marang-rang a nang le bothata ba ho tloaela bophelo ba sekolo le ho se sebetse hantle. Ka hona, bacha ba nang le khatello ea maikutlo kapa mathata a sechaba ba khona ho sebelisa marang-rang e le mokhoa oa ho baleha mathata lefatšeng la 'nete.

Lintho tse amanang le bothata ba sechaba sa K-YSR li kenyelletsa ho se ts'oanehe, ho songoa le ho se ratoe, ho ikutloa re hlorisoe, le ho ba liphofu tsa ho loana le ho hlaseloa.

Sephetho sa hore bothata ba ho tsepamisa maikutlo e ne e le ntho e boletsoeng esale pele ka bokhoba ba marang-rang e bile phetetso ea liphetho tsa ba bang ba shoeleng.²⁶^,³⁷^,³⁸ Ko et al.³² e boetse e tlaleha hore ADHD e ne e le moetapele ea matla oa ho lemalla marang-rang lithutong tse lebelletsoeng ho feta lilemo tse peli. Bakuli ba ADHD ba ke ke ba mamella ntho e le ngoe ka nako e telele mme ba na le mathata a ho emela moputso o liehang mme ba arabela moputsong o potlakileng. Kahoo ba lemalla habonolo lipapaling tse nang le moputso hang-hang.³⁹ Ho khona ho etsa lintho tse ngata ha u le marang-rang ke mokhoa o mong o khahlehang ho bakuli ba ADHD.

Thutong ena, mathata a boloi, mathata a kantle le boitšoaro bo mabifi bo ne bo amahanngoa le bokhoba ba marang-rang (Lethathamo 2), ho feta mathata a bosholu le boitšoaro bo mabifi ka bo bona e ne e le baphethahatsi ba bokhoba ba marang-rang (Lethathamo 4). Tmona ke lipatlisiso tse 'maloa tse tlalehileng hore ho hloka matla le bosholu bo amahanngoa le temallo ea inthanete ho sa tsotelehe hore o na le bothata ba ho tsepamisa maikutlo.⁹^,²⁴^,⁴⁰^,⁴¹ Bacha ba nang le boitšoaro bo mabifi kapa ba boitšoaro bo bobe ba na le mathata a ho theha kamano lefatšeng la 'nete empa ba fumana ho le bonolo ho theha le ho qhalana lefatšeng la cyber. Empa ha ho hlake hore na mabifi kapa boits'oaro bo bobe ke sesosa se tobileng sa ho lemalla marang-rang, ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho feta sehloohong sena hoa hlokahala.

Ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang ea lilemong tsa bocha e ne e sa bonoe e le ts'ebetso e mpe empa e le sesupo sa mathata a amanang le liphetoho tsa sekolo le likamano tsa lithaka. Bokhoba ba marang-rang e ka ba sesupo sa khatello ea maikutlo, matšoenyeho kapa ADHD kahoo ho hlahlojoa ha comorbidity hoa hlokahala. Re tlameha hape ho lekola botebo ba bokhoba ba ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang le moelelo oa eona mme re fane ka thuso ea batho ba lemaletseng marang-rang.

Patlisiso ena e na le meeli mme moeli oa pele ke meeli ea libaka hobane lithuto li ne li le toropong ea Korea, ho etsa hore ho be thata ho etsa sephetho. Taba ea bobeli ke hore re ne re ke ke ra batlisisa haholoanyane mabapi le khokahano ea khatello ea maikutlo, lintho tse ka tlase tsa K-YSR kapa tlhaiso-leseling ea sechaba e nang le litaba tsa ts'ebeliso ea inthanete ka lebaka la ho hloka data ka litaba tse teng. Ho ka etsahala hore likamano lipakeng tsa bona li amahanngoe le litaba tsa inthanete. Tekanyetso ea boraro e mabapi le mathata a ho nahana a YSR. Ha ho so be le litlhaloso tse hlakileng mabapi le kamano lipakeng tsa mathata a ho nahana le ho lemalla inthanete. Boithuto bona bo ne bo sitoa ho hlalosa mokhatlo le ona. E kanna ea ba mokhoa o joalo ka ho hlahloba ka litaba tsa mosebelisi oa inthanete ho e hlalosa. Taba ea boraro ke hore boits'oaro bo nang le mathata e ne e se mathata a kelello. Kahoo re ke ke ra nahana hore motho ea nang le mathata a phahameng a tlhokomelo ke mokuli oa ADHD kapa motho ea nang le mathata a phahameng a tlōlo ea molao ke mokuli ea nang le bothata ba boitšoaro. Taba ke hore thuto ena ke ea likarolo tse fapaneng kahoo re sitoa ho hlalosa kamano e nepahetseng ea lisosa.

Sephetho sena se bonts'a tšoanang le lipatlisiso tse ling mabapi le litaba tsa sechaba, maikutlo le boitšoaro bo amanang le ts'ebeliso ea inthanete. Male, botsofe, mathata a tlhokomelo, mathata a bothateng, boitšoaro bo mabifi, lintlha tsa K-CDI le lilemo tsa ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang tsa pele li ne li amana le bokhoba ba marang-rang. Ka kakaretso, lithuto tse nang le mathata a maikutlo le a boits'oaro bo bongata li bontšitse ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete haholo. Ho bolela hore ba se ba bile le mathata a fapaneng ha re fumana bokhoba ba marang-rang ba bocha. Ka hona hoa hlokahala ho lekola hore na lithuto li na le mathata a maikutlo kapa a boitšoaro le ho kenella ho thibela ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang.

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