Pele Behav Neurosci. 2015 Mar 20; 9: 64. doi: 10.3389 / fnbeh.2015.00064. eCollection 2015.
Wang H1, Jin C1, Yuan K2, Shakir TM1, Mao C1, Niu X1, Niu C1, Guo L1, Zhang M1.
inahaneloang
MORERO:
Bothata ba papali ea marang-rang (IGD) bo hlahlobiloe ke lithuto tse ngata tsa boits'oaro le boitšoaro bo botle, hobane e bile e 'ngoe ea mathata a maholo a boitšoaro hara bacha. Leha ho le joalo, ke liphuputso tse fokolang tse neng li shebane le kamano lipakeng tsa phetoho ea molumo oa taba e putsoa (GMV) le karolo ea taolo ea kelello ho bacha ba IGD.
LITLHAHISO:
Barupeluoa ba mashome a mabeli a metso e robeli ba nang le IAD le lilemo tse mashome a mabeli a metso e robeli tse laoloang ke taolo ba nkile karolo phuputsong. Brain morphology ea bacha ba nang le IGD le taolo e phetseng hantle e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa mokhoa o ntlafalitsoeng oa voxel-morphometry (VBM). Ts'ebetso ea taolo ea kelello e lekantsoe ke mosebetsi oa Stroop, 'me tlhahlobo ea amanang le eona e entsoe lipakeng tsa phetoho ea sebopeho sa boko le ts'ebetso ea boitšoaro sehlopheng sa IGD.
LIKOTSO:
Liphetho li bonts'itse hore GMV ea bilifal anterior cingrate cortex (ACC), precuneus, sebaka sa tlatsetso sa motor (SMA), parietal cortex ea holimo, setseng sa dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), setsi se setseng sa ts'ebetso, le cerepatum ea linaha tse peli e fokotsehile ho barupeluoa ba IGD ha ba bapisoa le taolo e phetseng hantle. Ho feta moo, GMV ea ACC e ne e tsamaellana hampe le liphoso tse sa nepahalang tsa karabelo ea mosebetsi oa Stroop sehlopheng sa IGD.
QETELLO:
Liphetho tsa rona li fana ka maikutlo a hore phetoho ea GMV e amana le phetoho ea taolo ea kelello ho bacha lilemong tsa IGD, e bonts'ang litlamorao tse kholo tsa setšoantšo sa boko tse hlahisoang ke IGD.
LINKOTSO:
anterior cingulate cortex; taolo ea kelello; stroop ea mantsoe-mebala; taba e putsoa; bothata ba ho lemalla inthanete
Nako ea bocha ke nako e itseng ea ntlafatso e nang le liphetoho tse potlakileng ntlafatsong ea 'mele, ea kelello le ea sechaba (Casey et al., 2008). E le phephetso e kholo tokisetsong ea sechaba le maikutlo a ho ba kotsing ea ho tsamaisoa ke taolo e sa sebetseng ea kelello, ho ka baka kotsi e kholo ea mafu a amanang le boloi le ho lemalla bacha.Steinberg, 2005). Bokhoba ba marang-rang (IA), joalo ka bokuli bo bocha, e bile bothata ba sechaba ka ho nts'etsopele ha inthanete lilemong tsa morao tjena. Lintlha tse tsoang Mokhatlong oa Bacha ba Inthanete oa China (tse phatlalalitsoeng ka Phato 2, 2010) li bonts'itse hore ts'oaetso ea IA bakeng sa bacha ba litoropo tsa China e ka bang 14% ka palo eohle ea limilione tsa 24 (Yuan et al., 2011). IA e na le lintlha tse tharo tse qaqileng: bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete (IGD), litabatabelo tsa botona le botšehali, le melaetsa ea lengolo-tsoibila / melaetsa (Thibela, 2007). Chaena, Subtype ea IA ea bohlokoa ka ho fetesisa ke IGD, 'me sehlomathike sa Diagnostic le Statistical Manual of Mental Dis shida (5th Ed., DSM-5) se boetse se kenyelletsa IGD, e hatelletseng hore lipatlisiso tse ngata li hlokahala ho hlahloba ts'ebetso ea eona ea bongaka le ho ba le tlhaho e tlase. Mechine (Brand et al., 2014). Bothata ba IA bo lebisitsoe haholo ho tsoa ho litsebi tsa thuto, litsebi tsa kelello le mafu a kelello, kahoo lipatlisiso tse ngata li ile tsa etsoa ho IA ho etsa lipatlisiso ka sebopeho sa ts'ebetso ea boko le boits'ebetso (Ko et al., 2009, 2013a; Ding et al., 2013). Leha ho le joalo, hajoale mochine oa IA o sa hlaka ebile ha ho na kalafo e emeng bakeng sa IGD e fumanehang.Adolescents tse nang le IGD li qeta nako e ntseng e eketseha ea mesebetsi ea inthaneteng, e lebisang ho tloseng ha sechaba, boitlhokomelo, lijo tse mpe le mathata a lelapa (Murali le George, 2007; E monyenyane, 2007; Kim le Haridakis, 2009). E 'nile ea nkuoa e le bothata ba boitšoaro bo ts'oanang le papali ea methapo ea methapo (King et al., 2012), thobalano (Holden, 2001), hobane ba ile ba arolelana matšoao a tšoanang a kliniki ho kenyeletsa ts'ebeliso e feteletseng, ho hula, ho mamellana, le liphetho tse mpe (Beard le Wolf, 2001). Patlisiso e bontšitse hore taolo ea kelello e fetotsoe ho barupeluoa ba nang le papali ea chelete e ngata ba amanang le taolo (Toneatto et al., 1997), e bonts'itseng hore temallo e ka senya ts'ebetso ea taolo ea kelello. Cao et al. e tlaleha kamano e ikhethileng lipakeng tsa taolo ea kelello le IA ka ho sebelisa lipotso, mme lithuto tsa IGD li bonts'itse ho hloka botsitso ho feta sehlopha sa taolo (Cao et al., 2007).
Taolo ea kelello e bua ka bokhoni ba ho laola liketso, boitšoaro le menahano (Cools le D'Esposito, 2011), hammoho le bokhoni ba ho feto-fetola menahano le boits'oaro ho feto-fetoha le sepheo sa hajoale ka ho khetha le ho kopanya leseli le loketseng tikolohong (Blasi et al., 2006). Boithuto bo senotse hore anterior cingrate cortex (ACC) e ne e kentse letsoho tekong ea boleng ba litšoantšo tsa cess, likarabo tsa maikutlo tse susumetsoang ke takatso, le dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) e nkile karolo ts'ebetsong ea kelello bakeng sa ho lebella moputso le karabelo kamora ho amohela moputso (Letsatsi le al., 2012; Brand et al., 2014; Ding et al., 2014). Boithuto bo 'maloa bo fumane bokhoni ba taolo ea kelello ba lithuto tsa IGD bo fetotsoe, hobane li bonts'itse liphoso tse ngata tsa karabelo le nako e telele ea karabelo (RT) mosebetsing oa Stroop le Go-Nogo ha ho bapisoa le taolo. Bakeng sa mosebetsi oa Stroop, nako ea karabelo, le liphoso tsa karabelo kapa litefiso tsa liphoso nakong ea maemo a sa sebetseng e bile matšoao a bohlokoa a ho lekola ts'ebetso ea taolo ea kelello lithutong tsa IGD (Dong et al., 2013a, 2014; Yuan et al., 2013a). Lintlha, Yuan et al. o hlokometse hore lihlopha tsena ka bobeli li bonts'itse phello ea bohlokoa ea Stroop, moo RT e neng e le telele ha e sa sebetse ho feta maemo a kopaneng. Sehlopha sa IGD se entse liphoso tse ngata ho feta sehlopha sa taolo nakong ea boemo bo seng botle (Yuan et al., 2013a,b; Xing et al., 2014). Dong et al. Kamehla e tlaleha hore sehlopha sa IGD se bonts'itse ts'ebetso e fokotsehileng ea ts'ebetso ea ho thibela karabo e amanang le taolo e phetseng hantle, hobane li bonts'itse mokhoa o sa bohlokoa bakeng sa li-RTs tse telele (Dong et al., 2012, 2013a,b, 2014). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, mesebetsi ea Go-Nogo le / kapa Go-Stop e sebelisitsoe ho ithuta litšobotsi tsa boitšoaro tsa IGD. Phuputso e 'ngoe e fumane hore palo ea barupeluoa ba bangata ba nang le IGD e ne e amana hantle le palo ea liteko tsa ho se tsamaee, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore tšitiso e tlase e amanang le papali kapa ho ba le ts'usumetso e phahameng sehlopheng sa IGD (van Holst et al., 2012). Li et al. e tlaleha hore liperesente tsa likarabo tse thibelitsoeng ka katleho li ne li le tlase haholo ho sehlopha sa IA ho feta taolo mosebetsing oa Go-stop, o tšehelitseng hape hore ts'ibollo ea karabo ho bacha ba IA e sotlehile (Li et al., 2014).
Ntle le moo, liphuputso tse ngata tse nang le mekhoa ea neuroimaging le electrophysiological li fuputse phetoho ea boko le ts'ebetso ea taolo ea kelello ho IGD. Dong et al. o fumane hore ts'ebetso e kholo ho anterior (hape le posterior) cingex cortex ea boemo ba ho kenella ba Stroop paradigm ho barupeluoa ba IGD bapisoa le lithuto tsa taolo (Dong et al., 2012). Mesebetsi e eketsehileng ea bokong kahara cortex e ka tlase le ACC e ka ba le tšusumetso ho bokhoni bo fetotsoeng ba taolo ea kutlo (Dong et al., 2013a). Yuan et al. e boetse e fumane hore boholo ba cortical botebo le bophahamo ba boleng bo tlase ba phallo ea (frequency fluctuation (ALFF)) ea preortal cortex e amanang le phello ea Stroop, e fana ka bopaki ba setšoantšo sa boko bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea taolo ea ts'ebetso ea kelello ea IGD. Phuputso e amanang le Ketsahalo e amanang le Ketsahalo (ERP) e fumane hape hore sehlopha sa IGD se bonts'itse bophahamo ba maemo a tlase a NoGo-N2, amplitude e phahameng ea NoGo-P3, le nako e telele ea NoGo-P3, e bonts'a hore ba nkile khato e matla ho feta ts'ebetso ea tlhahisoleseling, le taolo e tlase ea tšusumetso ho feta lithaka tsa bona tse tloaelehileng (Dong et al., 2010). Phuputso e 'ngoe ea ERP e tlalehile hore batho ba nang le IGD ba bonts'itse bofokoli ba medial frontalatiati (MFN) maemong a seng bobebe ho feta taolo, e bonts'ang taolo e mpe ea kelello ho IGD (Dong et al., 2011). Leha ho le joalo, lipatlisiso tse fokolang li ile tsa shebana kamanong ea phetoho ea bophahamo ba litaba tsa grey (GMV) le bokhoni ba taolo ea kelello ho IGD.
Morero oa mantlha oa thuto e teng e ne e le: (1) ho etsa lipatlisiso ka ts'ebetso ea taolo ea kelello ka mosebetsi oa lentsoe-Stroop; (2) ho fuputsa ho emisa phetoho ea maikutlo ea phetoho ea bokong GMV e sebelisa mokhoa oa voxel-based morphometry (VBM); (3) ho fuputsa khokahano lipakeng tsa mehato ea neuroimaging le ts'ebetso ea boitšoaro ho IGD. Ho latela lingoliloeng tse phatlalalitsoeng ho IGD, re khothalelitse hore barupeluoa ba IGD ba bonts'e ts'ebetso e sitisang mosebetsi oa Stroop le ho fokotsa GMV ea cortex ea pele. Ntle le moo, GMV ea pele-pele e tla hokahana hampe le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea Stroop ho batho ba IGD.
Lisebelisoa le mekhoa
Ts'ebetso tsohle tsa lipatlisiso li amohetsoe ke Sepetlele sa Pele sa Tleliniking ea Bongaka Univesithing ea Xi'an Jiaotong University ka lithuto tsa batho mme se entsoe ho latela Phatlalatso ea Helsinki.
Lihlooho
Liithuti tsa koleche tse mashome a mabeli a metso e robeli tse nang le IGD li ile tsa ngolisoa boithuto ba rona ho ipapisitsoe le litekanyetso tsa Lenaneo le Bocha le Botsitsoeng la Diagnostic bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea inthanete (YDQ) ke Beard le Wolf (E monyenyane, 1998; Beard le Wolf, 2001). Mocha o khothalelitse hore ba arabetseng ba arabileng ka "e," ba bahlano kapa ho feta ka lipotso tse robeli ba nkuoa e le basebelisi ba ts'ebelletseng marang-rang (E monyenyane, 1998). Beard le Wolf ba fetotse mekhoa ea YDQ (Beard le Wolf, 2001), e khothalelitse hore ba arabetseng ba arabileng ka "ee" ho lipotso 1 ho 5 'me bonyane ho e' ngoe ea lipotso tse tharo tse setseng li thathamisitsoe e le ba nang le bothata ba IA, bo neng bo sebelisetsoa ho hlahloba lihlooho thutong ea hona joale. Re kopile lithuto hore li hopole tsela eo li neng li phela ka eona ha li ne li qala ho lemalla marang-rang, e leng mohato o tla khutlisa molemong oa ho lemalla hore ke ts'ebetso ea butle-butle mme re rerile ho hlahloba liphetoho tsa sebopeho sa boko. Re ile ra ba khutlisa ka mekhoa ea YDQ e fetotsoeng ke Beard le Wolf (Brand et al., 2014) ho netefatsa hore ba tšoaneleha bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea IA. Ka ho buisana le batsoali ba bona ka mohala re tiisitse bonnete ba litlaleho tsa boithati tse tsoang lithutong tsa IGD. Re boetse re netefatsa leseli lena ho tsoa ka kamoreng eo ba lulang ho eona le bao ba kenang sekolo le bona hore haeba ba tloaetse ho bapala papali ea inthanete ho fihlela bosiu haholo e le hore e ferekanye bophelo ba batho ba bang. Lilemo tse mashome a mabeli a metso e robeli le botšehali lia tšoanap > 0.05) taolo e phetseng hantle ntle le nalane ea motho kapa ea lelapa ea mathata a kelello le eona e ile ea hiroa thutong ea rona. Bakeng sa ho netefatsa hore litsamaiso tse phetseng hantle ha li na bothata ba IGD, li ne li tsamaisoa ke YDQ e fetotsoeng bakeng sa bokhoba ba inthanete ba Beard le Wolf. Barupeluoa bohle ba hiriloeng e ne e le libui tsa matsoalloa a China, ka letsohong le letona. Teko ea Urine e ile ea etsoa bakeng sa lithuto tsohle ho qhelela thoko tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi pele ho skena ea imaging ea motlakase oa motlakase. Mekhoa ea ho khetholla lihlopha tsena ka bobeli e ne e le (1) mathata a methapo ea pelo kapa bokuli ba 'mele, ho kenyeletsoa hlahala ea boko, lefu la sebete, kapa lefu la sethoathoa le hlahlojoang ke liteko tsa bongaka le lirekoto tsa bongaka; (2) tšebeliso e mpe ea joala, nicotine kapa lithethefatsi; le (3) ho ima kapa ho ilela khoeli ho basali; Liforomo tsa tumello tse ngotsoeng li fumanoe ke bakuli le litsamaiso tsohle. Lintlha tse qaqileng tsa palo ea batho li fanoe ho Tafole 1.
TABLE 1
Tafole 1. Palo ea batho ba nang le taolo ea lipapali tsa marang-rang le lihlopha tse laolang.
Tlhaloso ea Lintho tsa MRI
Scan imaging scan e ile ea etsoa skrineng sa 3T GE setsing sa ho nahana sa Xi'an Jiontong univesithi ea pele e amanang. Coil e tloaelehileng ea "birdcage" le li-pads tsa foam tse thibelang e ne e sebelisetsoa ho fokotsa ho sisinyeha ha hlooho le ho sireletsa kutlo. Litšoantšo tse boima tsa axial 3D T1 li fumanoe ka tatellano e senyehileng ea gradient memory le li-parameter tse latelang: nako ea ho pheta-pheta (TR) = 8.5 ms; nako ea echo (TE) = 3.4 ms; flip angle (FA) = 12 °; tšimo ea pono (FOV) = 240 × 240 mm2; data matrix = 240 × 240; mela = 140; boholo ba voxel = 1 × 1 × 1 mm.
Tlhahlobo ea Tlhahlobo ea MRI
Lintlha tsa sebopeho sa MRI li ile tsa hlahlojoa le FSL-VBM (Douaud et al., 2007),1 protocol e ntlafalitsoeng ea VBM (E ntle et al., 2001) of FSL (Smith le al., 2004). Taba ea pele, lits'oants'o tsa sebopeho li ne li nkuoe bokong 'me karolo e arotsoeng ea bohlooho e ngolisitsoe ho MNI 152 sebaka se tloaelehileng se sebelisang ngoliso e se nang mohala (Andersson et al., 2007). Litšoantšo tse hlahisitsoeng li ne li khelositsoe 'me li entsoe ka sefofane x-axis ea ho theha symmetric ea letsoho le letšehali, template e ikhethang ea taba ea bohlooho. Taba ea bobeli, litšoantšo tsohle tse tsoetsoeng tsa bohlooho li ne li sa ngolisoa ka mokhoa o hlakileng ho template ena 'me li "fetotsoe" ho lokisa bakeng sa katoloso ea lehae (kapa contraction) ka lebaka la karolo e sa amaneng le phetoho ea sebaka. Litšoantšo tse tsamaisitsoeng ka bohlooho tse putsoa li ile tsa ntlafatsoa ka kernel ea isotropic ka sigma ea 3 mm. Kamora nako, GLM e bohlale ea voxel e ile ea sebelisoa ka ho lokisa lipapiso tse ngata sebakeng ka bophara. Sebopeho sa lebatooa ka bohlooho se sootho se ile sa hlahlojoa ka tlhahlobo ea semmuso e sa lumellaneng le maemo (linako tsa 5000) (Li-Nichols le Holmes, 2002).
Pokello ea data ea boitsoaro
Mosebetsi oa Stroop oa mebala-bala o ile oa kenngoa ke software ea E-prime 2.0. Mosebetsi ona o ne o kenyelletsa moralo oa bolulo o nang le maemo a mararo, ke hore ,ruo, ho se loke le ho phomola. Bokhubelu, Boputsoa le botala, mantsoe a mararo a ile a bonts'oa ka mebala e meraro (e khubelu, e putsoa le e tala) joalo ka tšusumetso e ntle le e fosahetseng. Nakong ea phomolo, lithuto li ile tsa tsepamisa mahlo a tsona sefapanong se bonts'itsoeng bohareng ba skrineng. Re qapile limmapa tse peli tse nang le li-block tse sa sebetseng hantle le tse sa sebetseng (Xing et al., 2014). Re ile ra leka barupeluoa ka bonngoe ka kamoreng e khutsitseng 'me barupeluoa ba ile ba lula ba khobile matšoafo. E mong le e mong oa bona o ne a laetsoe hore a arabe 'mala o bonts'itsoeng ka potlako kamoo ho ka khonehang ka ho tobetsa konopo lebokoseng la karabo ea serijene ea TMP ka letsoho le letona. Lenane, bohareng le lehare la letsoho le letona le tsamaeang le bokhubelu, boputsoa le botala li ne li sebelisetsoa ho tobetsa konopo ka ho latellana. Lintlha tsa boitšoaro li ile tsa bokelloa matsatsi a mabeli kapa a mararo pele ho hlahlojoa ha MRI ka mor'a ho ikoetlisa.
Morero oa Tlhatlhobo ea Kamano
Ts'ebetso ea covariance (ANCOVA) e ne e sebelisoa ka lilemo, litlamorao tsa bong le bophahamo ba litaba e le covariates. Re sebelisitse a post hoc tlhahlobo ea khokahano ho lekola kamano lipakeng tsa GMV le ts'ebetso ea boits'oaro sehlopheng sa IGD, le liphoso tsa karabelo le nako ea karabelo bakeng sa boemo bo sa nepahalang ba mosebetsi oa 'mala oa lentsoe Stroop li ne li hiriloe e le lintlha tsa ho lumellana ka tatellano ea sehlopha sa IGD.
Results
Liphetho tsa rona li bonts'itse hore lilemo tse akaretsang tsa IGD le sehlopha sa taolo e ne e le 18.8 ± 1.33 le 19.3 ± 2.56 ea lilemo li, mme ha ho na phapang lipalo pakeng tsa bona (p > 0.05). Ho latela tlaleho ea bona ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang, nako e sebelisoang ke bacha ba IGD ka letsatsi le ka beke e ne e feta sehlopha sa taolo (p Batho ba IGD ba qetile nako e teletsana lipapaling tsa inthanete (p <0.005) (Tafole 1).
Liphetho tsa boitšoaro
Phello e kholo ea Stroop e ile ea bonoa sehlopheng ka bobeli, moo RT e neng e le telele bakeng sa setho se sa sebetseng maemong a khokahano (sehlopha sa IGD: 628.24 ± 59.20 vs. 549.38 ± 44.17 le sehlopha sa taolo: 707.52 ± 66.43 vs. 581.97 ± 39.35; p <0.005). Sehlopha sa IGD se entse liphoso tse ngata ho feta sehlopha sa taolo nakong ea boemo bo sa tloaelehang (sehlopha sa IGD: 8.67 ± 5.41 vs. sehlopha sa taolo: 6.64 ± 3.65; p <0.05), le ho lieha ho arabela (RD) ho lekantsoe ke RT nakong ea maemo a sa amoheleheng ntle le maemo a kopaneng ho ne ho fapane haholo lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli (sehlopha sa IGD: 78.87 ± 45.38 vs. sehlopha sa taolo: 125.56 ± 49.20; p <0.05) (Tafole 2).
TABLE 2
Tafole 2. Liphetho tsa boitšoaro mabapi le taolo ea lipapali tsa marang-rang le lihlopha tsa taolo.
Liphetho tsa ho Qopitsa Brain
Papiso ea VBM e bontsitse ho fokotsehile ha GMV libakeng tse 'maloa tsa boko, ke hore, habeli ea ACC, precuneus, sebaka sa tlatsetso sa motor (SMA), parietal cortex e phahameng, e tlohile DLPFC, e setseng ka bongata le moferefere oa sehlopha sa IGD ha o bapisoa le sehlopha sa taolo (Setšoantšo. 1).
Tšoantšiso 1
Setšoantšo sa 1. (A) Sehlopha sa IGD se bonts'a molumo o fokotsoang oa li-grey factor (GMV) ka hara ACC e kopaneng, precuneus, SMA, portetali cortex e phahameng, cerebellum, e tlohetse DLPFC 'me e tlohetse ho kenella. (B) Kamano pakeng tsa GMV ea ACC le liphoso tsa karabelo ea mosebetsi oa Stroop nakong ea maemo a sa sebetseng sehlopheng sa IGD.
Liphetoho tsa litlhahlobo
Tlhahlobo ea likhohlano e bonts'itse hore GMV ea ACC e amana hantle le liphoso tsa karabelo ea mosebetsi oa Stroop bakeng sa boemo bo sa nepahalang sehlopheng sa IGD (Setšoantšo. 1), empa ho ne ho se na khakanyo ea lipalo pakeng tsa GMV le RT bakeng sa boemo bo sa nepahalang sehlopheng sa IGD.
Puisano
Nako ea bocha ke nako e nang le liphetoho tse kholo tikolohong ea sechaba le ntlafatsong ea kelello, eo hape e leng nako e nang le mathata a mangata a tlhekefetso le bokhoba ba tahi (Casey et al., 2008). Bo-rasaense ba bangata Asia ba tlalehile hore IGD e bile bothata ba bophelo bo botle ba sechaba ho bacha le bacha (Ko et al., 2007; Park et al., 2008). Ho thata ho ba le kalafo e sebetsang e thehiloeng mochining o sa hlakileng oa IA. Liphetoho tsa sebopeho sa boko le bofokoli ba taolo ea kelello li ile tsa bonoa ho bacha ba IGD. Leha ho le joalo, ho etsa lipatlisiso likamanong lipakeng tsa sebopeho sa boko le taolo ea kelello ho IGD ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho nts'etsapele ts'ebetso ea pherekano ena. Thutong ea hona joale, bokhoni ba taolo ea kelello bo fokotsehileng le bonyatsi bo sa tloaelehang GMV ea lilemong tsa bocha tsa IGD li ile tsa bonoa ha li bapisoa le sehlopha sa taolo, 'me ka bohlokoa le ho feta, ho bile le khokahano e mpe pakeng tsa GMV ea ACC le liphoso tsa karabelo bakeng sa boemo bo sa nepahalang ho lentsoe-mmala Mosebetsi oa Stroop sehlopheng sa IGD.
Alteration of Behaisher changes and Grey Matter Volume sehlopheng sa IGD
Bakeng sa ho netefatsa bokhoni ba taolo ea kelello bo senyehileng ho ba lilemong tsa bocha ba nang le IGD, ho ile ha sebelisoa mosebetsi oa mofuta oa polelo ea Stroop thutong ea morao tjena. E lumellana le liphetho tse fetileng (Dong et al., 2011, 2013a; Yuan et al., 2013a,b), sehlopha sa IGD se entse liphoso tse ngata ho feta sehlopha sa taolo nakong ea boemo bo seng botle, e leng se bonts'ang hore bacha ba nang le IGD ba bonts'a bokhoni ba taolo ea kelello bo sa bonahaleng, joalo ka ha bo lekantsoe ke tlhahlobo ea lentsoe-Stroop ea mebala. Sephetho sa hore RT nakong ea boemo bo sa sebetseng le sehlopha sa IGD li ne li le khuts'oane ho feta sehlopha sa taolo e kanna ea bolela hore lithuto tsa IGD li bonts'itse mokhoa o fapaneng oa taolo, 'me ba arabela ka potlako empa ba nka kotsi ea ho etsa liphoso tse ngata, tseo ka ho hlakileng e neng e le fetoha leqheka la karabelo. Boithuto bo boetse bo fumane hore GMV ea ACC, DLPFC, precuneus, SMA, parietal cortex e phahameng, insula, le cerebellum sehlopheng sa IGD li fetohile, e tsamaellanang le lithuto tse hatisitsoeng tsa IGD. Zhou le Weng et al. e tlaleha phokotso ea GMV kapa ts'ebetso e sa tloaelehang libakeng tse ling tsa boko lithutong tsa IGD (Yuan et al., 2011; Zhou et al., 2011; Letsatsi le al., 2012; Ko et al., 2013b; Weng et al., 2013). Leha ho se na lipatlisiso tse tlalehileng GMV ea hore li-precuneus li fokotsehile, patlisiso ea FMRI e tlaleha hore tlhahlobo e sa bonahaleng e bonts'itse ts'ebetso e sa tloaelehang nakong ea mosebetsi o tlisitsoeng ke cue ho thuto ea IGD (Ko et al., 2013a,b). Cortex e phahameng ea "parietal" e fumanoe e amana le taolo ea kelello (Durston et al., 2002, 2003; Ko et al., 2013a).
Kamano lipakeng tsa Gray Matter Buka ea ACC le Ts'ebetso ea 'Mele oa Li-colorro-Stroop Task
Kokahano pakeng tsa GMV ea ACC le liphoso tsa karabo e bonts'itse hore GMV e fokolang ea ACC sehlopheng sa IGD e ne e amahanngoa le liphoso tse ling tsa karabelo nakong ea boemo bo sa nepahalang mosebetsing oa 'mala oa lentsoe Stroop, e leng ts'episo e tšepisang bakeng sa thuto ea hona joale. Karolo ea ACC taolong ea kelello e thehiloe hantle mme e tlalehiloe lithutong tse 'maloa tsa fMRI mabapi le ho kenella ka tšitiso ea Stroop ho barupeluoa ba tloaelehileng. Botvinick et al. e tlaleha hore ACC e kentse letsoho mosebetsing oa ho shebella likhohlano, hobane ACC e ne e sebetsa ka tlasa maemo a lintoa tse phahameng (Botvinick et al., 1999). Patlisiso e ngoe ea Angus W. MacDonald III e fumane hore ts'ebetso ea ACC e ne e sa kopane ho tsoa taolong e tlase-tlase, mme e nkile karolo e ts'oanang ho lekola lintoa nakong ea karabelo (MacDonald et al., 2000). Phuputso ea Kerns e senoletse hore ketsahalo e amanang le likhohlano ea ACC e boletse esale pele liketsahalo tse kholo le ho fetoloa ha boitšoaro, e tšehetsang karolo ea ACC ho lekola lintoa le taolo ea kelello (Kerns et al., 2004). Ho feta moo, Matsumoto o bonts'itse hore taolo ea kelello e nkuoeng ke ACC e kanna ea "ba teng" ka lebaka la likhohlano lipakeng tsa merero e hlonephang le liketso tse hlakileng (Matsumoto le Tanaka, 2004). Sehlopha se seholo sa liteko tsa mafu a mangata se atile ho ts'ehetsa ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa ea ACC taolong ea kelello. Akio Soeda et al. o ithutile bakuli ba nang le kotsi ea ho lemala ha (brainI) mme a fumana hore ts'ebetso e fokotsehileng ho ACC e kanna ea amahanngoa le phetoho mosebetsing o mong oa ts'ebeliso ea likhoerekhoere, o ka bonts'a mofuta o mong oa disinhibition o hlahisoang ke ho khaola kapa ho ba puseletso bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea kelello e sa sebetseng (Soeda et al., 2005). Ts'ebetso e sa tloaelehang ea ACC e fumanoe mathateng a mangata a kelello, ho kenyelletsa le obsessive-activive disorder (OCD), chidwi deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), le khatello e kholo ea khatello ea maikutlo (MDD; Ursu et al., 2003; Liotti et al., 2005; Murali le George, 2007). Boithuto ba morao-rao ba morao-rao bo boetse bo fumane tšebetso e fetotsoeng ea ACC ho batho ba itšetlehileng ka li-opioid ho UG / NOGO paradigm (Foran et al., 2004), ho fana ka tlhahiso ea ACC ke sebaka sa bohlokoa ho arabeleng (Fu et al., 2008). Patlisiso e mabapi le basebelisi ba cocaine e netefalitse ts'ebetso ea ACC taolong ea inhibitory (Kaufman et al., 2003; Goldstein et al., 2007, 2009). Phuputso ea Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) mabapi le ts'ehetso ea nicotine e bontšitse hore maemo a glutamate + glutamine (Glx) a fokotsehile ho ACC, a bonts'a ACC e kentse letsoho taolong ea kelello ka boits'oaro ba modulating (Wheelock et al., 2014). Ka mantsoe a mang, ACC e bohlokoa bakeng sa bokhoni ba taolo ea kelello. Boemo bo bobe le ho se sebetse ka mokhoa oa ACC ho IGD bo tlalehiloe lithutong tse fetileng. Liphetho tsa VBM tsa Zhou et al. e bonts'itse hore GMV ea ACC e fokotsehile ho IGD ha e bapisoa le taolo (Yuan et al., 2011; Zhou et al., 2011). Lipatlisiso tse ngata ho IGD li bonts'itse hore ACC e nkile karolo taolong ea kelello, joalo ka taolo ea thibelo, ho shebella liphoso, le ho etsa liqeto (Dong et al., 2012, 2013a,b).
fihlela qeto e
Phuputsong ea hona joale re fumane li-GMV li fokotsoa ho ACC le likarolong tse ling tsa boko, le mokhoa oa boitšoaro o fetotsoeng ts'ebetsong ea taolo ea kelello, e lumellanang le lithuto tsa setšoantšo sa boko ho IGD le tšebeliso e 'ngoe ea maikutlo, e fana ka maikutlo a hore IGD e beha tšebetsong ea boitšoaro le sebopeho sa neural. ho bacha ba nang le IGD. Ntle le moo, re boetse re fumane hore bophahamo ba ACC bo amana hantle le liphoso tsa karabelo e sa lokang ea Stroop paradigm, e bonts'a mokhoa o fapaneng o fapaneng oa karabelo ho batho ba IGD le litlamorao tse mpe tsa sebopeho sa boko ho batjha.
Tlhōlisano ea Tlhaloso
Bangoli ba bolela hore lipatlisiso li ne li etsoa ka ho se be le likamano leha e le life tsa khoebo kapa tsa lichelete tse ka nkoang e le khohlano e ka 'nang ea e-ba le thahasello.
lumela hore baa fokola
ZM le KY ba ne ba ikarabella molemong oa thuto le moralo. HW, CJ, XN, GL le CN li kentse letsoho ho fumana datha tsa MRI. HW, CM le KY ba entse tlhahlobo ea tlhaiso-leseling le litlhaloso tsa lipatlisiso. HW le KY ba ile ba ngola sengolo sa letsoho. STM e ile ea lokisa liphoso puong ea puo. Bangoli bohle ba ile ba lekola ka hloko se ngotsoeng le ho amohela mofuta oa ho qetela oa phatlalatso. Patlisiso ena e ne e tšehelitsoe ke National Science Foundation ea China (81371530, 81271546, 81101036).
Mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe
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Mantsoe a bohlokoa: bokhoba ba ho lemalla marang-rang, lintho tse bohlooho, taolo ea kelello, cortex ea ka ntle, setšoantso sa mebala
Caring: Wang H, Jin C, Yuan K, Shakir TM, Mao C, Niu X, Niu C, Guo L le Zhang M (2015) Phetoho ea molumo oa litaba tsa bohlooho le taolo ea kelello ho bacha ba nang le bothata ba lipapali tsa marang-rang. Ka pele. Behav. Neurosci. 9: 64. Doi: 10.3389 / fnbeh.2015.00064
E amohetse: 15 Mphalane 2014; E amohetsoe: 24 February 2015;
E phatlalalitsoe marang-rang: 20 March 2015.
E hlophisitsoeng ke:
Raymond CK Chan, Setsi sa Psychology, Setsi sa Mahlale sa Chaena, China
Hlahloba by:
Xun Liu, Setsi sa Psychology, Setsi sa Mahlale sa Chaena, China
Frauke Nees, Setsi sa Bohareng sa Bophelo ba Kelello, Jeremane
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