Sechaba sa lipapali: phello ho ADHD. (2011)

Maikutlo: Linaha - Bokhoba ba inthanete bo ka ba holimo ho 25% ho baahi, mme  ADHD e amahanngoa le witšebeliso e fetelletseng, mme e ka eketsa matšoao.

Atten Defic Hyperact Disord. Tlhaloso ea 2011; 3 (4): 327-34. Epub 2011 Sep 24.

MD ea Weiss, Baer S, Allan BA, Saran K, Schibuk H.

mohloli o moholo

Setsi sa Bophelo sa Basali le Basali sa BC, University of British Columbia, 4500 Oak St., PO Box 178, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada, [imeile e sirelelitsoe].

inahaneloang

Ts'ebeliso ea bana ea mecha ea phatlalatso ea elektroniki, ho kenyeletsoa lipapali tsa inthanete le tsa video, e eketsehile haholo ho ea ho karolelano ea sechaba se ka bang 3 h ka letsatsi. Bana ba bang ha ba khone ho laola tšebeliso ea bona ea marang-rang e lebisang ho ho etsa lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng mabapi le "bokhoba ba inthanete" Morero oa sengoloa sena ke ho lekola lipatlisiso tsa ADHD e le sesosa sa likotsi tsa bokhoba ba inthanete le papali, mathata a eona, le hore na ho setse lipotso life tsa lipatlisiso le tsa mekhoa e lokelang ho rarolloa. Patlo ea lingoliloeng e entsoe ho PubMed le Psychinfo, hape ka letsoho. Phuputso e fetileng e bonts'itse likhahla tsa bokhoba ba inthanete ho fihla ho 25% ho baahi le hore ke bokhoba ho feta nako ea ts'ebeliso e tsamaellanang hantle le psychopathology. Liphuputso tse fapaneng li tiisa hore mathata a kelello, le ADHD ka ho khetheha, a amahanngoa le ts'ebeliso e fetelletseng, ka matla a ADHD a amanang haholo le ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso. Bana ba ADHD ba kanna ba ba tlokotsing hobane lipapali tsena li sebetsa ka likarolo tse khutšoane tse sa hlokeng tlhokomelo. Ntle le moo, ba fana ka meputso ea hanghang ka tšusumetso e matla ea ho eketsa moputso ka ho leka boemo bo latelang. Nako e sebelisitsoeng lipapaling tsena e kanna ea eketsa matšoao a ADHD, haeba e se ka kotloloho ka nako ea tahlehelo ea nako e sebelisitsoeng mesebetsing e phephetsang haholo ea nts'etsopele. Le ha ena e le bothata bo boholo ho batsoali ba bangata, ha ho na lipatlisiso tse matla tsa kalafo e sebetsang. Ho sebelisa hampe le ho lemalla papali ea marang-rang ka tsela e sa reroang ke matšoenyeho a tebileng bakeng sa bacha ba ADHD. Patlisiso e lekantsoe ke ho haella ha mehato bakeng sa bacha kapa batsoali, lithuto tsa bana ba kotsing, le lithuto tsa tšusumetso le kalafo.

Keywords: ADHD, Bana, Ts'ebeliso ea komporo, bokhoba ba inthanete, Papali
Eya ho:

Selelekela

Lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng ho bile le keketseho e kholo ts'ebelisong ea Marang-rang, lipapali tsa video, thelevishene e ka jarolloang, 'mino le lifilimi, le liwebsaete tseo batho ba etsang metsoalle ho tsona (Media Awareness Network 2005; Smith le al. 2009). Phetoho ena moetlong oa rona e bile le tšusumetso e kholo kholong le mesebetsing ea bana ea letsatsi le letsatsi. Ho tloha ntlheng ea kutloisiso, e ekelitse ts'ebeliso ea pono e amanang le puisano ea kutlo mme e behile moputso ho likhechana tse khutšoane tsa puisano ho fapana le lipolelo le lirapa. Moo bongoaneng pejana ho neng ho etsoa papali ea mahala lipapaling tse kholo tsa sehlopha, bana ba bangata joale ba phela lefats'eng la mecha ea litaba e thehiloeng marang-rang e kanna ea ba kantle ho batsoali ba bangata ebile e le bojaki ho bo nkhono le bo nkhono. Ho hlaha ha "setso" sena sa skrini e bile phetoho ea lefatše la bongoana, mme se boleloang ke sena se na le mohopolo o itseng.

Ho 2008, McCreary Center Society (Smith et al. 2009), Mokhatlo o sa etseng 'muso, o sa etseng phaello, o fane ka lipatlisiso ka nako ea skrini ho bacha ba kakaretso Canada. Liphetho li bonts'itse hore ka letsatsi le tloaelehileng la sekolo, 25% ea bacha ba qetile ho feta 3 h ba shebelletse TV le / kapa ba bapala marang-rang mme 15% ba bapala lipapali tsa video ho feta 3 h (Smith et al. 2009). Sena se ts'oana le phuputso e 'ngoe ea morao tjena ea bacha ba Canada ke Mark et al. ho bonts'a nako ea skrine ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea 3 h / letsatsi (Mark le Janssen 2008). Ho na le tlhahiso ea hore bacha ba kotsing e kholo ba ka qeta nako e ngata le ho feta ka pel'a li-skrini, ka phuputso ea haufinyane e bonts'a nako ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea skrini e ka bang 7 h / letsatsi ho bacha ba kenang tleliniking ea mafu a kelello (Baer et al. 2011). Haeba ngoana ea tloaelehileng a qeta karolo ea boraro ea letsatsi la bona mesebetsing ea skrineng mme bana ba kotsing e kholo ba qeta boholo ba nako ea bona ea boikhathollo litsing tsa sefahleho, likotsi le melemo li tlameha ho hlahlojoa ho tsoa lintlheng tse peli. Taba ea mantlha, phello ea sekhahla sena sa ho pepeseha ke eng? Taba ea bobeli, phello ea tahlehelo ea mesebetsi e lahliloeng sebakeng sa eona ke efe?

Ho tšoenyeha ka tšebeliso e feteletseng ea lisebelisoa tsena tsa elektroniki ho lebisitse ts'ebelisong ea poleloana "bokhoba ba inthanete" (Byun et al. 2009). Ho hlahisitsoe litlhaloso tse fapaneng tsa bokhoba ba inthanete ho ipapisitsoe le litekanyetso tsa ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi le ts'oaetso ea taolo ea tšusumetso ho kenyelletsa le papali ea papali ea cheleteg (litelu 2005; Demetrovics et al. 2008; Ko et al. 2005b; 2009c; Shaw le Botšo 2008; Tao et al. 2010; Fu et al. 2010). Plitekanyetso tse ropiloeng li shebana le lintlha tse joalo ka ho ts'oenyeha ha bana ka mesebetsi ea inthanete, ho se khone ho laola ts'ebeliso ea bona, le khatello ea bona ea ts'ebeliso ha e sebelisoa. Ts'ebeliso e tsoelang pele leha ho na le tšitiso ea mesebetsi e meng ea bohlokoa maphelong a bana joalo ka ho ithuta, ho thabela botsoalle, ho ja kapa ho robala ke ntho ea bohlokoa. Ho na le phapang e hlakileng lipakeng tsa batsoali le bana mabapi le hore na lipapali tsa inthanete ke tšebeliso e ntle ea nako, 'me phapang lipakeng tsa batsoali le bana lipatlisisong tsa ADHD ka kakaretso e atile lebaleng. Ho tšoenyeha ka ketsahalo ena ho atile, ba bang ba pheha khang ka hore e lokela ho kenyelletsoa e le "bothata" ba Diagnostic and Statistical Manual V (Block 2008; Hinic et al. 2008; Kratzer le Hegerl 2008; Miller 2007; Li-pie 2009).

Ho 2006, Ha le basebetsi-'moho le eena ba ile ba etsa thuto ea pele e bonts'itseng ho bana ba 455 le bacha ba 836, 14% ea bana le 20% ea bacha ba hlahlobiloe ba le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete (Ha et al. 2006). Liphuputso tse tšoanang tse tlalehang bokhoba ba inthanete ho bana le bacha li hlahisitsoe hape lefats'eng ka bophara: Korea (Cho et al. 2008; Park et al. 2008), Turkey (Ceyhan 2008), Taiwan (Lin le Yu 2008; Wan le Chiou 2006Czechoslovakia (Simkova le Cincera 2004), Singapore (Khopolo-taba et al. 2008), Romania (Chirita le al. 2006), Italy (Coniglio et al. 2007; Ferraro et al. 2007), Iran (Ghassemzadeh le al. 2008), Greece (Siomos et al. 2008), Norway (Johansson le Gotestam 2004), le China (Song et al. 2010; Xu et al. 2008). Sekhahla sa tahi se tlalehiloeng hangata se pakeng tsa 2 le 20% ha ba bang ba tlaleha ka holimo ho 25% (Zboralski le al. 2009). Phuputso e bapisoang e fumane litheko tse phahameng haholo tsa bokhoba ba inthanete Chaena ho feta United States, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore mabaka a setso a ka bapala karolo (Jackson et al. 2008). Baer et al. li bonts'itse hore boteng ba likarolo tse lemalloang bo tsamaellana le psychopathology le ho holofala ho sebetsang, athe ha nako ea skrini e le sieo ha se (Baer et al. 2011).

ADHD e tsebahala ka ho fana ka kotsi e eketsehileng ea mathata a ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi (Cumyn le al. 2009; Ohlmeier et al. 2007, 2008Hammoho le mathata a taolo ea ts'usumetso e joalo ka ho qobelloa ho becha (Lawrence et al. 2009). Sena se hlahisa potso ea hore na bana ba nang le ADHD ba kotsing ea ho sebelisa Inthanete hampe kapa ho bapala lipapali tse seng molaong.

Batsoali khafetsa ba tletleba ka bana ba bona ba qeta nako e ngata haholo papaling le bothata boo ba bang le bona ba ho etsa hore ngoana oa bona a lumellane le ho tima papali. Bana ba sa hanyetsanang ka tsela e ngoe ba ka ba le khalefo e kholo haeba motsoali a hula polaka bohareng ba papali ha ngoana a sa latele litaelo tsa ho e tima. Batsoali ba botsa baoki ka lipotso tse ngata: "Ke nako e kae k'homphieutheng e utloahalang?" “Nka etsa joang hore ngoan'a ka a ithute ho tima komporo?” Haeba a lula a le komporong, ha a bapale le bana ba bang kapa hona ho bapala lipapali, na hona ke bothata? ” Le ha litataiso tse ling tsa "nako ea skrini" li se li entsoe (AAP 2001), lingaka hangata li tlohelloa ho itšetleha ka maikutlo a bona ho arabela tse ngata tsa lipotso tsena.

Morero oa sengoloa sena ke ho lekola lipatlisiso mabapi le kamano lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang le lipapali tsa video tse seng tsa inthanete (tse seng molaong) le ADHD. Tlhahlobo ena e tla sebetsana le lintlha tse 'maloa. Ho entsoe lipatlisiso life ho fumana hore na ADHD ke sesosa sa kotsi bakeng sa nako e eketsehileng ka pela khomphutha kapa seteishene sa lipapali? Haeba ho joalo, re tseba eng ka ADHD e ka etsang hore bana baa ba hlaselehe habonolo? Na ho na le tlhahiso ea hore marang-rang le lipapali li ka mpefatsa kapa tsa ntlafatsa matšoao a mantlha a ADHD? Re tla lekola se ngotsoeng mabapi le kalafo ea ts'ebeliso e fetelletseng ea mesebetsi ea inthanete le lipapali kapa "bokhoba ba inthanete" Qetellong, re tla akaretsa se tsejoang ho fihlela joale, mefokolo ea mekhoa ea lipatlisiso, le libaka tse ka bang teng tsa thuto ea ka moso.

Eya ho:

Kamano lipakeng tsa ADHD, Marang-rang, le papali ea video e seng inthaneteng

Le ha boholo ba lithuto tsa ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang li arola likarolo, thuto e 'ngoe ea morao-rao e lebelletsoeng e ile ea latela bacha ba fetang 2,000 bakeng sa lilemo tse 2 ho bona hore na boteng ba matšoao a kelello bo tla bolela tsoelo-pele ea bokhoba ba inthanete hamorao (Ko et al. 2009b). Le ha khatello ea maikutlo le boits'oaro ba sechaba le tsona li ne li amahanngoa le mathata a morao-rao (haholo ho banana), ADHD e bonts'itsoe e le sesupo sa bohlokoahali bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea bokhoba ba inthanete, e lateloang ke bora, kamora ho laola thobalano le lilemo. Ha re sheba lihlopha tsa bong ka thoko, lehloeo e ne e le sesupo se matla ho bashemane mme ADHD e ne e le selelekela se matla ho banana.

Boithuto bona bo lebelletsoeng bo tsamaellana le liphetho tsa lithuto tse 'maloa tse shebaneng le kamano pakeng tsa matšoao a ADHD le bokhoba ba inthanete (Chan le Rabinowitz 2006; Ha et al. 2006; Yen et al. 2007, 2009; Yoo et al. 2004). Yen et al. e fumane hore matšoao a ADHD a amanang le ho lemalla marang-rang ka mohlala oa baithuti ba fetang 2,500 XNUMX ba koleche (Yen et al. 2009). Mokhatlo o matla ka ho fetisisa o bonoe ho barutoana ba basali, o ts'oanang le sephetho ho Ko et al. thuto e lebelletsoeng. Mekhatlo e tšoanang le eona e fumanoe lihlopheng tsa batho ba lilemong tse nyane, le Yoo et al. Ho bonts'a matšoao a phahameng a ADHD ho baithuti ba mathomo ba lemaletseng inthanete (Yoo et al. 2004). Mekhatlo lipakeng tsa ADHD le bokhoba ba inthanete le eona e bonts'itsoe ho palo ea bacha le Yen et al. ho tlaleha maemo a phahameng a ADHD, khatello ea maikutlo le lehloeo ho bashanyana ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea inthanete, le maemo a phahameng a ADHD le khatello ea maikutlo ho banana ba lemaletseng inthanete (Yen et al. 2007). Chan le al. ba hlokometse kamano pakeng tsa ho tiea ha matšoao a ADHD (haholoholo ho se tsotelle) le nako e sebelisitsoeng marang-rang (Chan le Rabinowitz 2006).

Litšobotsi tsa ADHD joalo ka ho se ts'oenyehe (Cao le Su 2007; Cao et al. 2007), extraversion (Mottram le Fleming 2009Disinhibition (Sun le al. 2009), le boitšepo bo tlase (Niemz et al. 2005e tsamaellana le ts'ebeliso ea inthanete le tlhekefetso. Phuputso e le 'ngoe e nyane e ile ea bapisa papali ea video e bapalang bana ba nang le ADHD khahlanong le taolo (Bioulac et al. 2008). Ho khahlisang ke hore ho ne ho se na phapang pakeng tsa makhetlo le bolelele ba papali ea papali ea video lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli. Leha ho le joalo, bana ba nang le ADHD ba bontšitse maemo a holimo a tahi ho feta taolo, a fana ka maikutlo a hore ha se nako joalo ka matla a ts'ebeliso ea ho khannoa le ho ba le mathata a khethollang ts'ebeliso ea inthanete ho ADHD ha e bapisoa le sechaba ka kakaretso.

Bopaki bo bong ba khokahano lipakeng tsa ADHD le ts'ebeliso ea inthanete bo fumanoa thutong e tsosang takatso ea kalafo ke Han et al. ho sheba phello ea kalafo ea methylphenidate papaling ea video (Han et al. 2009). Thutong ena, bana ba 62 ba nang le lithethefatsi le naveve ba nang le ADHD le bokhoba ba inthanete ba ile ba alafshoa ka libeke tse 8 tsa methylphenidate. Hammoho le phokotso ea matšoao a ADHD, linako tse peli tsa ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang le lintlha tse ngata litekong tsa lithethefatsi tsa inthanete li bontšitsoe li fokotseha nakong ea kalafo.

Ka kakaretso, ho na le bopaki bo ntseng bo hola ba mokhatlo o pakeng tsa mathata a inthanete le tšebeliso ea lipapali tsa video tse seng molaong le ADHD. Le ha matšoao a mang a kelello a kang khatello ea maikutlo le matšoenyeho le 'ona a bontšitsoe a amahanngoa le bokhoba ba inthanete (Chak le Leung 2004; Ryu le al. 2004; Shapira et al. 2000), Ko et al. thuto ea ka moso e bontša hore ADHD ke sebali se matla ka ho fetesisa (Ko et al. 2009b). Sena se kopa potso, hobaneng? Ke eng ka bana ba nang le ADHD e ba etsang hore ba be tlokotsing ea ts'ebeliso e fetelletseng ea inthanete le papali ea marang-rang?

Bocha ba ADHD bo kanna ba ba le ts'oaetso e lebelletseng ho potlaka ha maikutlo le boits'oaro bo bongata ba lipapali. Lipapali tse ngata li hahiloe e le hore ho be le tšusumetso ea ho "fihla boemong bo latelang," e nang le potlako e etsang hore e be moputso o ikhethang oa ho khothaletsa bakuli ba ADHD. Ntle le moo, li-skrini tse fetohang ka potlako li beha litlhoko tse fokolang tlhokomelong le mohopolong oa ho sebetsa (Van De Voorde et al. 2010), boiteko bo qobelloang, kapa ho ngola (Adi-Japha et al. 2007) tseo kaofela li leng thata ho ADHD. Batho ba nang le ADHD ba tloaetse ho batla tšusumetso e ntlafalitsoeng ea tsela ea moputso (Volkow et al. 2009). Ho bapalitsoe lipapali tsa video ho eketsa tokollo ea striatal dopamine (Koepp et al. 1998) ho kenya tšebetsong tsela ena ea moputso. Bopaki bo bong ba khopolo ena bo fumanoa thutong ea Han et al., E bonts'itseng bacha ba lemaletseng marang-rang ba na le ts'episo e phahameng ea moputso le ho eketseha ha bongata ba li-polymorphism tse ikhethileng tsa lefutso la dopamine receptor le amehang bokhobeng ba tahi le ho becheng ha pathologic, ha ho bapisoa le taolo e tloaelehileng ( Monghali Han et al. 2007). Ha ho na patlisiso e hlahlobileng hore na bokhoba ba inthanete bocheng bo amana le kotsi e kholo ea ho becha Inthaneteng ha motho a le motho e moholo, empa ha a nahana hore bokhoba ba inthanete bo ka tšoana le lithethefatsi tse ling, motho a ka lebella hore ho pepesehela bongoaneng e ka ba tsela ea ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete e nang le mathata. ho batho ba baholo joalo ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa papali ea chelete.

Matšoao a ADHD le ho lemalla Inthanete kapa ho bapala lipapali li ka arolelana kamano ea mahlakore a mabeli moo matšoao a ADHD a etsang hore lipapali li khahlehe, ha papali ka boeona e eketsa matšoao a ADHD ka ho fana ka ts'ebetso e matlafatsang ts'oaetso ea mantlha, karabelo e potlakileng, tlhoko ea moputso oa hanghang, le ho se tsotelle libaka tse ngongorehisang. Ka kutloisiso ena, lihora tse telele tsa ts'ebeliso ea inthanete le papali li ka matlafatsa le ho matlafatsa matla a ngoana a ho etsa lintho tse potlakileng, tse potlakileng, tse shebileng haholo. Hona hape ho fapana le mefuta ea mesebetsi e neng e kanna ea tlatsa lihora tse tšoanang tsa boithabiso joalo ka papali e rarahaneng, lipapali, 'mino le bonono, kapa lihlopha tsa bacha tse hlophisitsoeng, tse ka thusang ho nts'etsapele tlhokomelo, boits'oaro, boits'oaro ba boits'oaro, boitaolo taeo, tsebo ea sehlopha, le botsoalle. Le ha ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete e sa ikarabelle bakeng sa ho mpefatsa matšoao a ADHD, ho haelloa ke monyetla oa ho bona mesebetsi ena ho ka amahanngoa le ho fokotseha ha menyetla ea boits'oaro ea ho sebetsa mohopolo, mamello, tlhokomelo le ts'ebetso ea bolaoli (Diamond 2007; Diamond le al. 2007). Joale ho na le litsela tse 'maloa tse ka hlalosang kamano ea mahlakore a mabeli lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba inthanete le ADHD.

Likotsi le melemo ea papali ea video

Bana ba ka ikutloa ba le motlotlo ka boemo boo ba bo fihletseng papaling e itseng. Hona joale ho na le lipapali tsa inthanete tseo bana ba ka bapalang inthaneteng le metsoalle ea bona mme ba sebelisa semamedi sa hlooho ho sebelisana ka lentsoe ha ba ntse ba bapala. Hangata batsoali ba bona papali ea video e mamellang ea bana ba bona e le sesupo sa molemo tlhokomelo 'me khafetsa ba tlaleha bana ba bona ba na le tsebo e phahameng ho feta e tloaelehileng ea papali. Ha e le hantle, ho na le lipatlisiso tse bonts'ang hore mefuta e meng ea papali ea likhomphutha e ka aha tsebo ea tlhokomelo le pono ea sebaka (Green le Bavelier 2003). Sena se hlahisa potso ea hore na ho na le molemo oa ho aha tsebo lipapaling tsa video ho bana ba nang le ADHD. Ho ka etsahala hore lipapali tse ling li eketse tsebo ea ho bala, haeba ho hlokahala ho bala, kapa khokahano e ntle ea makoloi. Mananeo a likhomphutha a ntlafalitsoe ho ntlafatsa mohopolo oa ho sebetsa (Klingberg et al. 2005), empa sena ha se hlile ha se sebetse lipapaling tsa boithabiso tse neng li sa etsetsoa morero ona. Ebile, lithutong tse laoloang, ADHD ke tšenyo e ngata lipapaling tsa boithabiso tsa video joalo ka libakeng tse ngata tsa ts'ebetso (Lawrence et al. 2002, 2004), le bana ba nang le ADHD ba sebetsang hampe ho feta lipapali tsa video ho feta taolo. Kahoo, mohopolo oa batsoali oa hore papali eo ngoana oa bona a e etsang hantle e kanna ea ba ea ipapisa le mathata a bona libakeng tse ling tse ngata. Liphuputso tse ling, leha ho le joalo, li bonts'itse hore bana ba nang le ADHD, ba bonts'itseng mathata a ikhethileng ka ho arabela ka mokhoa o sa tsitsang ka mokhoa o lekantsoeng, ha ba bonts'a bothata bo tšoanang mosebetsing o ts'oanang le papali, ho bonts'a hore lipapali tsa video e kanna ea ba moelelo oa tšebetso e matlafatsoa khafetsa kaha e hlokahala lipapaling tse ngata (Shaw et al. 2005).

Likotsi tsa ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang le papali li 'nile tsa batlisisoa ho latela likamano lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso le liphetho tse mpe joalo ka botenya, mabifi le sephetho se fosahetseng sa sekolo (Mark le Janssen 2008; Ko et al. 2009d). Tekanyetso ea lithuto tsohle tse joalo ke hore li ipapisitse le likamano mme ha li hlahise sesosa. Bana bao ba ithutileng bona ba kotsing ea ho ba le mathata a mangata a seng a ntse a le teng mme ka hona khokahano e ka bonts'a semelo sa baahi ho fapana le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete kapa lipapali.

Kalafo ea "bokhoba ba inthanete"

Le ha ts'ebeliso e fetelletseng ea inthanete le papali ea marang-rang e bonts'itsoe e le bothata bo tloaelehileng, bo nang le mathata ebile bo le lefats'e, ho haella ha tlhaloso le litekanyetso tsa maemo a ho lemalla bokhoba ba inthanete ho fokotsa tlhahisoleseling ea kalafo. Joalokaha ho boletsoe tlhahlobisong ea morao-rao ke Weinstein le basebetsi-'moho le eena, "Ka lebaka la khaello ea lipatlisiso tse lekaneng, hajoale ho ke ke ha khoneha ho khothaletsa kalafo efe kapa efe e thehiloeng bopaking ba bokhoba ba inthanete" (Weinstein le Lejoyeux 2010). Ho na le litlaleho tsa liteko tsa kalafo tse tlalehang katleho li sebelisa mekhoa e mengata e fapaneng ea kalafo. Boholo ba tsona li shebana le lihlopha tsa CBT le CBT (Pujol Cda et al. 2009; Nyane 2007), athe ba bang ba shebile lenaneo la tlhabollo ea maemo a mangata (Orzack le Orzack 1999; Shek et al. 2009), phekolo ea meriana (Dell'Osso et al. 2008; Monghali Han et al. 2009), thuto ea matlafatso (Joo le Park 2010), Thibelo (Kalke le Raschke 2004), le kalafo ea malapa ka tlhabollo e tsoelang pele le ho latela mohlala oa makhoba a tahi a sa tsejoeng (Orzack le Orzack 1999). Le ha litlaleho tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore bokhoba ba inthanete bo ka phekoleha, ha re na lipatlisiso tsa ho fana ka maikutlo a hore na ke kalafo efe e sebetsang ka ho fetisisa, mme ha ho liteko tse laoloang ka nako e telele ho bontša hore e 'ngoe ea litlhare tsena e sebelitse. Ho feta moo, ha re na litataiso tsa ho eletsa malapa hore na ke likotsi le melemo efe eo tšebeliso e tloaelehileng e nang le eona, kapa litataiso tsa hore na nako e kae e lokelang ho sebelisoa mecheng ea litaba eo ho batsoali e kanna ea bonahala e le "tšenyo ea nako," empa ho bana e bontša tsela eo lithaka tsa bona li amanang ka eona .

Meeli ea lingoliloeng

Lingoliloeng tse fumanehang Inthaneteng le bokhobeng ba lipapali tsa papali ea video li na le mathata a mokhoa, ao a 'maloa a ona a hlalositsoeng tlhahlobisong ea morao-rao (Abreu et al. 2008; Byun et al. 2009; Weinstein le Lejoyeux 2010). Liphuputso tsohle tse hlalositsoeng kaholimo li ipapisitse le ts'ebeliso ea mehato ea ho itlaleha e etselitsoeng batho ba baholo mme e sebelisoa bocheng. Sena se hlahisa ngongoreho e kholo, hobane hona ke ntho e kang ho botsa lekhoba la tahi hore na le noa joala bo bokae — bokhobeng bofe kapa bofe, ho na le tloaelo ea ho nyenyefatsa bothata.

Ha ho na tlhaloso e amoheloang hajoale ea bokhoba ba inthanete (leha tse ngata li hlahisitsoe (Beard 2005; Demetrovics et al. 2008; Fu et al. 2010; Ko et al. 2005b, 2009c; Shaw le Botšo 2008; Tao et al. 2010) ho etsa papiso lipakeng tsa lithuto ho ba thata. Liphuputso tse fapaneng li shebana le mesebetsi e fapaneng, tse shebileng haholo ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang, ho sa kenyeletsoe tšebeliso ea likhomphutha le liteishene tsa lipapali tse seng molaong, tse tloaelehileng ho bana ba tloaetseng ho etsa mesebetsi e mengata e fapaneng. Ha ho na mosebetsi o fokolang ka ho romellana melaetsa ka mokhoa o feteletseng, o seng o atile haholo. Ntle le thuto e le 'ngoe e lebelletsoeng (Ko et al. 2009b) le thuto ea Lam le Peng (2010lithuto li lekanyelitsoe ho likamano, tse sa sebetsaneng le maemo.

Ho feta moo, mareo a fapana lipakeng tsa lithuto. Ho sebelisitsoe mehato e mengata ho lekola bokhoba ba inthanete le papali (Beard 2005;; Davis et al. 2002; Demetrovics et al. 2008; Johansson le Gotestam 2004; Khazaal et al. 2008; Ko et al. 2005a; Meerkerk et al. 2009; Nichols le Nicki 2004; Tejeiro Salguero le Bersabe Moran 2002). Bongata ba litekanyo tsena li shebana feela le ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang. Sekala se le seng se sheba lipapali tsa video feela (ebang ke inthaneteng kapa kantle ho inthanete) (Tejeiro Salguero le Bersabe Moran 2002). Boholo ba lipatlisiso mabapi le bokhoba ba inthanete bo etsahetse Asia, mme mehato e meng e sebelisoang haholo, mohlala, Chen Internet Addiction Scale (Ko et al. 2009c, 2005a), ha li fumanehe phetolelong ea Senyesemane. E 'ngoe ea mehato ea puo ea Senyesemane e sebelisoang haholo, Internet Addiction Test (IAT) (Young 1998a, b) e netefalitsoe feela ho batho ba baholo (Chang le Molao 2008; Widyanto le McMurran 2004) mme e kenyelletsa lipotso tse sa lokelang bana. Phuputso e le 'ngoe ea netefatso e ne e kenyelletsa bacha ba bang, empa lilemo tse bolelang sampole e ne e le kaholimo ho 25 (Widyanto le McMurran 2004). Ntle le moo, ho nts'etsapele sekhahla sa tlhekefetso ea inthanete le lipapali bakeng sa bocha, motho o tla tlameha ho ba hlokolosi ka tlaleho ea hae ea bana e ka nyenyefatsang nako e sebelisitsoeng, joalo ka hore phetolelo ea motsoali le eona e tla hlokahala. Kaha sekala se joalo se na le phello e totobetseng ea halo, ho ka ba molemo ho kenya lipotso ka mokhoa o sa nke lehlakore oa ho bokella tlhaiso-leseling.

Kamora nako, ho na le lipatlisiso tse fokolang tse shebang litholoana tse ntle tsa ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang Ka mohlala, ngoana ea khethang ho fetoha a ka khona ho “qoqa”. Ngoana ea nang le tšabo ea sechaba a ka qala ts'ebetso ea ho kopana le batho. Esita le sebakeng sa ADHD, bana ba lahluoeng 'me ba sa khone ho sebetsana le ho rarahana ha maemo a sechaba ba ka sebetsa hantle haholo lipuisanong tse itšetlehileng ka tieho le moqoqo oa inthanete. Qetellong, bokhoni bo totobetseng ba mecha ena ea litaba ea ho ruta bo sa tsoa qala ho hlahlojoa.

Eya ho:

Summary

Tlhahlobo ena ea lingoliloeng e fana ka maikutlo a hore ho na le kamano pakeng tsa tšebeliso ea lipapali tsa inthanete le tse sa sebetseng le mathata a kelello, haholo-holo ADHD. Ha boemo ba "bokhoba ba inthanete" bo ntse bo baka likhang (Shaffer et al. 2000), tumellano ea lingoliloeng tsa lefats'e ho fihlela joale, ke hore bokhoba ba inthanete ke bothata ka bo bona, le hore ho ba leng tlokotsing e beha kotsi e kholo ka ho holofala ho bonahatsang le ho eketsa matšoao a kelello. Ho ntse ho sa hlaka hore na ts'ebeliso ea inthanete ka boeona ke sesosa sa ho eketsa matšoao a kelello le ho holofala kapa sesupo sa mathata a teng. Ho feta moo ha re so tsebe hore na ho na le monyetla oa hore mecha ena ea litaba e ntlafatse maphelo a bana, mohlala ka ho bula mekhoa e mecha ea ho ithuta kapa ho eketsa menyetla ea botsoalle. Leha ho le joalo, bopaki bo hlahisitsoeng tlhahlobisong ena bo etsa hore ho be le kamano e matla lipakeng tsa ADHD le Marang-rang, le tšebeliso ea lipapali tsa video tse seng molaong, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore ngaka e lekolang bana ba nang le ADHD e lokela ho lula e botsa ka mesebetsi ena. Liqeto tse matla li emetse litlhaloso tse betere tsa mantsoe a kang "bokhoba ba inthanete" le nts'etsopele ea litekanyetso tse netefalitsoeng le litekanyetso tse netefalitsoeng tsa bacha. Re hloka hanghang lipatlisiso tse hlophisitsoeng mabapi le etiology ea kamano ea ts'ebeliso ea likhomphutha le tlhekefetso le ADHD, likotsi tsa eona, melemo e ka bang teng le kalafo. Haholo-holo, lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang lia hlokahala ho fumana hore na ho na le keketseho ea ho nka karolo mesebetsing ea ntlafatso ea sechaba le nts'etsopele ha nako ea skrine e fokotsehile; phuputso ea sehlopha sa bana ba ADHD ha e bapisoa le taolo e tloaelehileng bakeng sa nako e felletseng ea skrine le tlhahlobo e tsoelang pele ea tekanyo ea kamano pakeng tsa nako ea skrini le ho senyeha ha tšebetso. Re hloka likarabo lipotsong tseo motsoali e mong le e mong a li botsang.

Senotlolo Lintlha:

  1. Mesebetsi ea boithabiso ea elektroniki e kenyeletsang ts'ebeliso ea inthanete le papali ea marang-rang e se e tloaelehile bocheng, e nang le moelelo oa hoo e ka bang 3 h ka letsatsi ho sechaba ka kakaretso, le ho feta 6 h ka letsatsi bathong ba mafu a kelello.
  2. Bacha ba nang le mafu a kelello ba tlokotsing ea ho lemalla lithethefatsi le ho sebelisa hampe haholo, 'me ADHD ke eona ntho e kotsi haholo.
  3. Kameho ea setso sena sa skrine kholisong ea bana le tseleng ea bokuli ba kelello ho bacha e hloka lipatlisiso, haholoholo ha ho fanoa ka tahlehelo ea nako e sebelisitsoeng liketsahalong tse ling tse hlokahalang tsa nts'etsopele.
  4. Kameho ea tlhekefetso ea skrineng matšoao a mantlha a ADHD le khatello e hanyetsanang ea boits'oaro ha e tsejoe.
  5. Leha batsoali ba hlahisa taba ena mme ba batla tataiso ho lingaka tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello, ha ho na liteko tse laoloang ka linako tsohle kalafong ea bokhoba ba inthanete.
Eya ho:

Open Access

Sehlooho sena se ajoa tlas'a tumello ea License ea Bongaka ba Sechaba sa Creative Commons Attribution e lumellang hore leha e le efe e sa sebelisoang ka ntle ho naha, ho aba le ho ikatisa ka mokhoa o mong le o mong, hafeela bangoli ba pele le mohloli ba lekana.

Eya ho:

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