Tlhaloso ea Sefahleho sa Sefahleho se sa Tsejoeng ho Batho ba bang ba nang le Inthanete ea ho bapala lipapali (2017)

Front Psychol. 2017; 8: 1059.

E hatisitsoe Inthaneteng 2017 Jun 23. doi: 10.3389 / fpsyg.2017.01059

PMCID: PMC5481372

Xiaozhe Peng,^1,² Fang Cui,^1,² Ting Wang,¹ 'me Na Jiao^1,^2,^3,^*

inahaneloang

Mathata a Inthanete a Lipapali (IGD) a tšoauoa ka ho senyeha puisanong ea sechaba le ka ho qoba puisano ea sechaba. Ho sebetsana le ponahalo ea sefahleho ke motheo oa puisano ea sechaba. Leha ho le joalo, ke liphuputso tse fokolang tse entseng lipatlisiso mabapi le hore na batho ba nang le tšebetso ea tšebetso ea sefahleho sa IGD joang, le hore na ba na le bofokoli tšebetsong ea sefahleho sa maikutlo ha ho hlake. Morero oa thuto ea hajoale e ne e le ho lekola litaba tsena tse peli ka ho fuputsa nako ea ho sebetsana le sefahleho sa maikutlo ho batho ba nang le IGD. Mosebetsi oa ho ikoetlisa ka morao o ne o sebelisetsoa ho fuputsa phapang lipakeng tsa batho ba nang le IGD le taolo e tloaelehileng (NC) ha ho sebetsoa ka sefahleho se hlahisitsoeng ka sefahleho (ho hlonama, ho thaba le ho se jele paate) ka menyetla e amanang le liketsahalo (ERPs). Liphetho tsa boits'oaro li bonts'itse hore batho ba nang le IGD ba lieha ho feta NC ho arabela lipontšo tse bohloko le tse sa nke lehlakore maemong a hlonameng le a sa jeleng paate. Liphetho tsa ERP li bonts'itse hore batho ba nang le pontšo ea IGD ba fokotsehile amplitudes ho karolo ea ERP N170 (lethathamo la ts'ebetso ea sefahleho sa pele) ho arabela lipolelo tse sa jeleng paate ha li bapisoa le lipolelo tse thabisang moelelong oa lipolelo tse sa nke lehlakore, tse ka bang ka lebaka la litebello tsa bona tsa maikutlo a matle dikahare. NC, ka lehlakoreng le leng, e bonts'itse li-amplitudes tse tšoanang tsa N170 ho arabela lipolelo tse peli tse thabisang le tse sa jeleng paate maemong a lipolelo tsa thabo-tse sa nke lehlakore, hammoho le lipolelo tse bohloko le tse sa nke lehlakore maemong a hlonameng a sa nke lehlakore. Bobeli ba batho ba nang le IGD le NC ba bontšitse li-amplipope tsa ERP tse tšoanang nakong ea ts'ebetso ea lipolelo tse bohloko le lipolelo tse sa jeleng paate. Phuputso ea hajoale e senotse hore batho ba nang le IGD ba na le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho sebetsana le sefahleho e sa lemoheng letho e bapisoang le batho ba tloaelehileng mme ba etsa tlhahiso ea hore batho ba nang le IGD ba ka lebella maikutlo a matle maemong a thabo le a sa nke lehlakore.

Lintlha-khōlō Tsa:

lintho tse tloaelehileng tse
• Boithuto ba hajoale bo batlisitse hore na ts'ebetso ea sefahleho e sa lemoheng letho e susumetsoa ke papali e fetelletseng ea inthanete. Ho sebelisitsoe paradigm ea morao-rao e netefalitsoeng ka morao ho fuputsa hore na batho ba nang le Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) le litsamaiso tse tloaelehileng (NC) ba bonts'a mekhoa e fapaneng ts'ebetsong ea sefahleho.
lintho tse tloaelehileng tse
• Liphetho li bonts'itse hore batho ba nang le IGD ba arabela ka tsela e fapaneng ponahalong ea sefahleho ha ba bapisoa le NC boemong bo botle. Ka boits'oaro, batho ba nang le IGD ba lieha ho feta NC ho arabela lipontšo tse bohloko le tse sa nke lehlakore maemong a hlonameng le a sa jeleng paate. Liphetho tsa ERP li boetse li bonts'itse (1) ho fokotseha ha amplople ho karolo ea N170 (lethathamo la ts'ebetso ea pele ea sefahleho) ho batho ba nang le IGD ha ba sebetsana le lipolelo tse sa nke lehlakore ha li bapisoa le lipolelo tse monate maemong a thabo-a sa nke lehlakore, athe NC e bonts'itse li-amplitudes tse tšoanang tsa N170 ho arabela lipolelo tsena tse peli; (2) sehlopha sa IGD le NC se bonts'itse li-amplitudes tse tšoanang tsa N170 ho arabela lifahleho tse hlonameng le tse sa jeleng paate maemong a hlonameng a sa nke lehlakore.
lintho tse tloaelehileng tse
• Ho fokotseha ha li-amplope tsa N170 ho lifahleho tse sa jeleng paate ho feta lifahleho tse thabileng ho batho ba nang le IGD e kanna ea ba ka lebaka la litebello tsa bona tse tlase bakeng sa litaba tse sa jeleng paate maemong a thabo le a sa nke lehlakore, athe batho ba nang le IGD ba kanna ba se na litebello tse fapaneng bakeng sa lifahleho tse sa jeleng paate le tse hlomohileng mahlomoleng. –Mapolelo a sa nke lehlakore moelelo.

Keywords: Mathata a ho bapala lipapaling tsa inthanete, masking ea morao, ts'ebetso ea sefahleho e sa tsebe letho, ERPs, N170

Selelekela

Ho bapala papali ea k'homphieutha ho feteletseng ho ka lemalla motho ha ba ha mo sitisa (D'Hondt et al., 2015; Lemmens et al., 2015). Joalo ka bokhoba ba boitšoaro, Internet Disorder Disorder (IGD) e khetholloa ka boits'oaro ba papali bo hohelang bo nang le litlamorao tse mpe tsa botho kapa tsa kahisano, joalo ka ho holofala lithutong tsa batho, tsa mosebetsi kapa tsa boiketlo ba sechaba (Brady, 1996; E monyenyane, 1998; DSM-V, Mokhatlo oa Mahlale oa Amerika, 2013; Tam le Walter, 2013; Spada, 2014; Van Rooij le Prause, 2014; D'Hondt et al., 2015; Kuss le Lopez-Fernandez, 2016). Lipatlisiso li fumane hore ho lemalla marang-rang (ho kenyelletsa mesebetsi ea papali ea inthanete le mefuta e meng ea ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang) ho arolelana likarolo tsa bohlokoa le lithethefatsi tse ling, ho kenyeletsoa le ho fokotsa matla a taolo ea taolo le ho sebetsana le maikutlo a feteletseng a maikutlo a amanang le bokhoba (Ng le Wiemer-Hastings, 2005; He et al., 2011; D'Hondt et al., 2015). Ka hona, lithuto tsa pejana tsa IGD li ne li shebile haholo-holo ho senyeha ha taolo ea thibelo kapa taolo ea bolaoli har'a batho ba nang le IGD (Dong et al., 2010, 2011; Wang et al., 2013; D'Hondt et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2016). Likhaello tsa batho ba nang le IGD litšebelisanong tsa sechaba le litsebo tsa kahisano tse joalo ka puisano ea maikutlo le batho ba bang le tsona li hapuoe haholo (E monyenyane, 1998; Engelberg le Sjöberg, 2004; D'Hondt et al., 2015), Empa ho fihlela joale, ho bile le lithuto tse lekanyelitsoeng tsa liteko mabapi le ts'ebetso ea maemo a lefatše a bophelo bo botle har'a batho ba nang le IGD. Kahoo, mekhoa ea metheo ea likhaello tsena e ntse e sa hlaka.

Khokahano ea kahisano e khothalelitsoe ho its'etleha haholo holima bokhoni ba kananelo ea polelo (Blair, 2005; He et al., 2011). Ponahalo ea sefahleho ke lintho tsa bohlokoa sechabeng, hobane li ka fetisa leseli ka boitsebahatso, maikutlo le boikemisetso ba batho ba bang, ka hona li emela karolo ea mantlha ea puisano e sa bueng ka mantsoe bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi (Batty le Taylor, 2003; Itier le Taylor, 2004). Lithuto tsa pejana tse amanang ka kotloloho le ts'ebetso ea sefahleho ho IGD li fumane hore libapali tsa papali ea papali ea video kapa basebelisi ba mecha ea phatlalatso ba nang le tjantjello ba shebile lifahleho tse thabileng mesebetsing ea ho tseba maikutlo (Kirsh et al., 2006; Kirsh le Mounts, 2007; Bailey le Bophirimela, 2013). Ka mohlala, Kirsh le al. (2006) e fumane hore ha e bapisoa le bankakarolo ba nang le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea media, bankakarolo ba ts'ebeliso e mpe ea mecha ea phatlalatso ba lieha ho khetholla lipolelo tse thabisang mme ba potlakela ho khetholla lipolelo tsa khalefo. Leha ho le joalo, ts'ebetso ea batho ba nang le bothata ba IGD ea ponahalo ea sefahleho e ntse e sa hlaka. Ntle le moo, liphuputso tse mabapi le barupeluoa ba tloaelehileng li senotse hore maikutlo a maikutlo a ka tlosoa sefahlehong sa boits'oaro kapa mothating oa ho sebetsana le sefahleho (Öhman, 1999; Dimberg et al., 2000; Vuilleumier le Schwartz, 2001; Vuilleumier, 2002). Leha ho le joalo, leha likhaello tsa ho sebetsana le sefahleho se sa nke lehlakore li fumanoe ho basebelisi ba inthanete ba feteletseng (He et al., 2011), hore na batho ba nang le IGD ba na le mokhoa o ikhethileng oa ho sebetsana le sefahleho sa ho se tsebe letho ba lula ba sa hlaka. Ka hona re ne re ikemiselitse ho lekola taba ena thutong ea hajoale.

Ho etsa lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng tsa ho sebetsana le sefahleho ho batho ba nang le IGD, thuto ea hajoale e sebelisitse paradigm ea morao-rao ea masking. Ho ikoetlisa ka morao ka morao ke "ketsahalo e ruileng ka matla le thuto e khahlisang" e bonts'ang ho fokotsa ponahalo ea sepheo sa sepheo ka sekhahla sa mask se hlahisitsoeng kamora sepheo (Breitmeyer, 1984; Breitmeyer le Ogmen, 2000, leq. 1572). Paradigm ena, tšusumetso ea sepheo e hlahisoa hakhutšoane (hangata bakeng sa 1-100 ms) ebe e lateloa ke `` mask stimulus '', e leng setšoantšo se se nang moelelo kapa se qhekellang se fetang ka sepheo sa sepheo sa sebaka kapa sebopeho (Esteves le Öhman, 1993). Tsosoloso ea mask e sitisa tlhokomeliso e hlakileng kapa temoho ea sepheo sa sepheo (Morris et al., 1999; Breitmeyer le Ogmen, 2000). Paradigm ena e sebelisitsoe haholo ho batlisisa meeli ea kananelo le ho lekola ts'ebetso ea tlhaiso-leseling e mabapi le maikutlo, e ikemetseng ka nqa e 'ngoe ka tlhokomeliso, bathong ba fapaneng ba thuto, joalo ka batho ba nang le mathata a amang maikutlo (Esteves le Öhman, 1993; Breitmeyer le Ogmen, 2000; Axelrod et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2016). Ka mohlala, Zhang et al. (2016) o fumane bofokoli ba ts'ebetso ea sefahleho e sa elelloeng ho bakuli ba nang le khatello ea maikutlo e kholo ba sebelisa "masking paradigm" e shebileng morao e nang le menyetla e amanang le liketsahalo (ERPs).

Ho fumana kutloisiso e betere ea ts'ebetso ea sefahleho e sa elelloeng, re sebelisitse li-ERP, tse nang le qeto e phahameng ea nakoana, thutong ea hajoale. Ho latela tsebo ea rona, ho bile le thuto e le 'ngoe feela e phatlalalitsoeng ea ERP e shebaneng le ts'ebetso ea sefahleho ea basebelisi ba bangata ba inthanete (He et al., 2011). O ile a al. (2011) e fumane likhaello tšebelisong ea sefahleho ea pele har'a basebelisi ba inthanete ka ho kopa barupeluoa ho sheba feela lifahleho tse otlolohileng le tse khelohileng le tse seng sefahleho tse hlahisitsoeng kaholimo ho monyako oa tsebo. Haholo-holo, basebelisi ba inthanete ba fetelletseng ba fumanoe ba se na ts'ebetsong ts'ebetsong ea ts'usumetso ea sechaba empa ba sa sebetse ka botlalo ho hlophiseng sefahleho, se neng se emeloa e le phello e nyane ea sefahleho sa N170 (ke hore, phapang ho amplitudes ea N170 ea sefahleho se sa nke lehlakore vs. sefahleho) le ts'ebetso e ts'oanang ea N170 inversion (ke hore, phapang ho li-amplitudes tsa karolo ea N170 ea ERP ho arabela lifahleho tse otlolohileng tse khahlano le lifahleho tse sa nke lehlakore) ho basebelisi ba bangata ba inthanete ha ba bapisoa le taolo e tloaelehileng (NC; He et al., 2011). N170 e tsejoa ka bophara e le karolo ea ERP e sa utloisiseng sefahleho, eo hangata e etsahalang ho tloha ho 140 ho isa ho 200 ms kamora ho qala ho hlasimolla le ho arabela ka ho fetesisa ho tobana le tšusumetso, e bonts'a ts'ebetso e iketsang mohatong oa pele oa pono ea sefahleho (Rossion et al., 2000; Itier le Taylor, 2004). Karolo ea N170 e fumanoe e sa amanngoe feela le sebopeho sa sebopeho sa lifahleho (mohlala, Dimberg et al., 2000; Sato et al., 2001; Eimer et al., 2003; Holmes et al., 2003; Schupp et al., 2004), empa e hlophisitsoe hape ke ponahalo ea sefahleho sa maikutlo (mohlala, Blau et al., 2007; Pegna et al., 2008; bakeng sa tlhahlobo, bona Rellecke et al., 2013). Taba ea boraro, N170 e fumanoe e amahanngoa le ts'ebetso ea sefahleho e sa tsebe letho lithutong tse tloaelehileng (mohlala, Pegna et al., 2008; Carlson le Reinke, 2010). Mohlala, ho sebelisa paradegm ea morao-rao, Carlson le Reinke (2010) o fumane hore sefahleho se ikoahetseng se ikoatileng se ntlafalitse selekane sa N170. Ka hona, thutong ea hajoale, bophahamo ba N170 bo ile ba nkuoa e le index e bonts'ang maikutlo a sefahleho sa maikutlo a sa tsebe letho qalong ea ts'ebetso ea sefahleho. Ho feta moo, litebello bakeng sa litaba tsa maikutlo li ile tsa hlahisoa ho susumetsa kananelo ea ponahalo ea sefahleho (Leppänen et al., 2003; Hugenberg, 2005). Mohlala, ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso e ile ea bonoa ha tšusumetso e ne e le tumellanong le litebello tsa bankakarolo, mme litlamorao tse fapaneng li ile tsa bonoa ha tšusumetso e ne e sa lumellane le litebello tsa bankakarolo (Leppänen et al., 2003; Hugenberg, 2005). Ntle le moo, ho latela mokhoa oa ts'ebeliso ea kelello oa ts'ebeliso ea mathata a marang-rang, ho nka karolo ho kenang lipapaling ho tsoa liphellong tse nang le mathata hammoho le boits'oaro bo bolokang likarabo tse mpe (Davis, 2001). Mohlala, batho ba nang le maikutlo a fosahetseng ka bona ba ka sebelisa papali ho fihlela litšebelisano tse ntle tsa sechaba, kamohelo ea sechaba, kapa karabelo e ntle sechabeng (King le Delfabbro, 2014). Ntle le moo, boithuto ba pejana bo fumane hore batho ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi ea inthanete ba na le lintlha tse phahameng ho Behaviour Inhibition System le Behaviour Approach System Scale (BIS / BAS scale) tse batlang monate, ba fana ka maikutlo a hore batho bana ba na le kutloisiso e phahameng ea litšusumetso tse nang le moputso, hape ho ka etsahala hore o kene mokhoeng oa ho itšoara ka mokhoa o khotsofatsang (Yen et al., 2009). Ho ipapisitsoe le liphuputso tse fetileng tse bontšitseng tšusumetso ea tebello ho kananelo ea sefahleho (Leppänen et al., 2003; Hugenberg, 2005), hammoho le kamano lipakeng tsa boits'oaro ba papali le batho ba nang le IGD le litlhoko tsa bona tse boletsoeng kaholimo (King le Delfabbro, 2014), Le kutlo e phahameng ea IGD ho tšusumetso e putsang (Yen et al., 2009), Re nahana hore ho batho ba nang le IGD, lifahleho tse sa jeleng paate ha li bapisoe ha ho bapisoa le lifahleho tse thabileng; ka hona, batho ka bomong ba nang le IGD ba ka ba le tebello e nyane bakeng sa tšusumetso e sa nke lehlakore ho feta ea tšusumetso e ntle, mme boits'oaro bona bo ka lebisa ts'ebetsong e tlase ea lipolelo tse sa nke lehlakore ho feta lipolelo tse thabisang. Kahoo, re ne re lebelletse ho bona hore IGD show e fokolitse N170 amplitudes ho arabela lipolelo tse sa nke lehlakore maemong a thabileng-a sa nke lehlakore, ha sehlopha sa NC se bontša N170 e bapisoang le lipolelo tse thabisang le tse sa jeleng paate maemong a thabileng-a sa nke lehlakore, a ka emelang mekhoa e fapaneng sefahlehong sa maikutlo. ho sebetsa pakeng tsa batho ba nang le IGD le NC. Le ha ts'ebetso ena e ke ke ea hlahisa maemo a hlonameng a ho se nke lehlakore hobane batho ka bomong lihlopheng ka bobeli ba se na tebello ea polelo e bohloko kapa e sa jeleng paate.

Lisebelisoa le mekhoa

barupeluoa ba

Barupeluoa ba leshome le metso e ts'eletseng ba nang le IGD le 16 NC ba ile ba hiroa liunivesithing tsa lehae tsa Shenzhen, China. Litlhaloso tsa palo ea batho ba nkang karolo li hlahisoa ho Lethathamo Lethathamo11. Ho ne ho se na phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena tse peli ho latela lilemo, letsoho, kapa thuto. Karolo ea tlhahiso ea tlhahlobo ea DSM-5 e hlahisitsoe hore e bolokehe (mohlala, Lemmens et al., 2015); ka hona, Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT) e ne e sebelisetsoa ho lekola batho bakeng sa IGD thutong ea hajoale. IAT ke sesebelisoa se tšepahalang 'me se sebelisoa haholo lithutong tse batlisisang mathata a ho lemalla ho sebelisa Inthanete, ho kenyeletsoa le IGD (mohlala, Khazaal et al., 2008). Bonyane (1998) e khothalelitse hore lintlha tse pakeng tsa 40 le 69 li supa mathata ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang. Leha ho le joalo, IAT e itšetleha ka lintlha tse ikhethileng ka hona e ka angoa ke ho ipata kapa ho nyenyefatsa ha bankakarolo. Ntle le moo, lithuto tsa pejana li sebelisitse "boiphihlelo ba ho bapala lipapali tsa video tsa lihora tse 10 kapa ho feta ka beke" (Weinreich et al., 2015, leq. 61) kapa "bonyane lilemo tse 4 mme bonyane 2 h ka letsatsi" (Szycik et al., 2017, leq. 2) joalo ka moelelo oa kenyelletso bakeng sa litsebi / basebelisi ba feteletseng ba lipapali tsa video tse mabifi. Kahoo, thuto ea hajoale e boetse e kenyelletsa bolelele ba nako eo barupeluoa ba e sebelisitseng papaling ea inthanete e le moelelo. Batho ka bomong ba kopuoa ho fana ka palo ea lihora ka letsatsi mme ka beke ba qeta lipapali tsa inthanete. Batho ba nang le lintlha tsa ≥40 ho IAT le ba sebelisitseng ≥4 h ka letsatsi le ≥30 h ka beke lipapaling tsa inthanete ba kenyelelitsoe sehlopheng sa rona sa IGD. Ho feta moo, ho laola li-comorbidities tse kang khatello ea maikutlo le matšoenyeho (Sanders et al., 2000; Yen et al., 2007; Wei et al., 2012; Lai et al., 2015), re khethile batho ba nang le IGD ba fumaneng lintlha tse fetang 40 ho Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) (Zung, ka 1965) kapa Zung Self-Rating Scale Scale (SAS) (Zung, ka 1971). Ha ho le ea mong oa bankakarolo ea neng a na le nalane ea ho lemala hloohong, mathata a methapo, ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi kapa ho itšetleha ka likhoeli tse fetileng tsa 6. Mekhoa eohle ea lipatlisiso e amohetsoe ke Komiti ea Bongaka ea Boitšoaro ea Shenzhen University Medical School ho latela Phatlalatso ea Helsinki. Barupeluoa bohle ba fane ka tumello e ngotsoeng e nang le tsebo e bontšang hore ba utloisisa thuto ka botlalo.

Palo ea bankakarolo bakeng sa taolo e tloaelehileng le batho ba nang le IGD.

E hlohlelletsa

Re sebelisitse lenaneo la ho ikoetlisa ka morao (bona Tsamaiso) le li-stimuli tse sebelisitsoeng ho Zhang et al.'s (2016) ho ithuta. Lits'oants'o tsa sefahleho se shebiloeng, ho kenyeletsoa lipolelo tse 20 tse thabisang, lipolelo tse 20 tse bohloko, le lipolelo tse 40 tse sa nke lehlakore, li khethiloe ho tsoa ho Sesebelisoa sa Setšoantšo sa Maiketsetso sa China (CFAPS), se kenyeletsang litšoantšo tse lekiloeng ke bankakarolo ba China thutong e fetileng (Gong et al., 2011). Phuputso e boletsoeng kaholimo e fumane phapang e kholo litekanyetsong tsa lintlha tse robong bakeng sa valence ea maikutlo le ho tsosoa har'a likarolo tse tharo tsa lipolelo. Phuputso e tlalehile tse latelang bakeng sa litekanyetso tsa valence: "(2,77) = 143, p <0.001, = 0.787, thabile = 5.92 ± 0.13; masoabi = 2.78 ± 0.13; ho se nke lehlakore = 4.22 ± 0.09; litšoantšiso tse peli: ps <0.001; bakeng sa litekanyetso tsa tsoho, (2,77) = 30.2, p <0.001, = 0.439, thabile = 5.13 ± 0.22; masoabi = 5.83 ± 0.22; ho se nke lehlakore = 3.82 ± 0.16; bakeng sa papiso ea bobeli, maikutlo le ho se jele paate: p <0.001, re thabile ha re hlonama: p <0.087 "(Zhang et al., 2016, leq. 15). Pontšo ea ts'usumetso le ho fumana lintlha tsa boits'oaro li entsoe ka software ea E-Prime (mofuta 2.0, Psychology Software Tools, Inc., Boston, MA, United States).

Tsamaiso

Tsamaiso e ne e na le boloko bo thabileng le boloko bo bohloko. Qalong ea nyeoe e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, sefapano se bohareng se ile sa hlahisoa bakeng sa 500 ms, se lateloa ke skrini se se nang letho sa 400-600 ms. Ebe sefahleho se shebiloeng (se thabileng / se hlonameng kapa se sa jeleng paate) se hlahisitsoe bakeng sa 17 ms, se lateloa hanghang ke sefahleho se phatlohileng joalo ka mask, e neng e nka 150 ms (Zhang et al., 2016). Boithuto ba pejana bo behile bolelele ba tshusumetso ea mask ho 100 ho isa 300 ms kapa linako tse ling kaholimo ho monyako oa tlhokomeliso (mohlala, Rolls le Tovee, 1994; Whalen et al., 1998; Fisch et al., 2009; bakeng sa tlhahlobo, bona Pessoa, 2005). Mona, re sebelisitse 150 ms ho latela paramethara ho Zhang et al.'s (2016) ho ithuta. Barupeluoa ba ile ba hlokoa hore ba khetholle lifahleho tse tobisitsoeng ka ho tobetsa likonopo tse peli khubung ea komporo ka menoana ea bona ea letsoho le letšehali kapa le letona kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang (Zhang et al., 2016). Sebaka se seng le se seng se ne se kenyelletsa liteko tse 160 tse nang le lipolelo tse 80 tsa maikutlo le lipolelo tse 80 tse sa jeleng paate tse ileng tsa hlahisoa ka sepheo sa ho hlaseloa — ke hore, lifahleho tse 20 tse thabileng le tse 20 tse sa jeleng paate li ile tsa hlahisoa makhetlo a mane ka lebokoseng le thabileng; Ho ile ha hlahisoa lifahleho tse 20 tse hlonameng le tse 20 tse sa jeleng paate ka makhetlo a mane lebokoseng le utloisang bohloko. Kabo ea linotlolo tsa valence e ngoe le e ngoe ea polelo, le tatellano ea li-block e ne e lekantsoe le barupeluoa (Zhang et al., 2016).

Ho rekota ha ERP

Ts'ebetso ea motlakase oa boko e tlalehiloe ka sekoaelo sa hlooho sa li-electrode tse 64 ho sebelisa sistimi ea 10-20 (Brain Products, Munich, Germany). Mocha oa TP10 o sebelisitsoe joalo ka ha ho buuoa nakong ea lirekoto (Kaufmann et al., 2009; Ferrante et al., 2015; Cui et al., 2017). Ho ne ho sebelisoa li-electrode tse peli ho metha electrooculogram (EOG). Ts'ebetso ea EEG le EOG li ntlafalitsoe ho 0.01-100 Hz passband mme li sampole ho 500 Hz. Lintlha tsa EEG li tlalehiloe ka litšitiso tsohle tsa eleketrode tse bolokiloeng ka tlase ho 5 k XNUMX. Lintlha tsa EEG tse tsoang ho eleketrode e ngoe le e ngoe li ile tsa supisoa bocha ho ea karolelano ea li-mastoid tsa leqele le le letona pele ho tlhahlobo e ngoe.

Lintlha tsa EEG li ile tsa sebetsoa pele le ho hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa BrainVision Analyzer 2.1 (Lihlahisoa tsa Brain, Munich, Jeremane). Ho e lokisa pele ho nako ho kenyelletsa ho fumana le ho tlosa mocha o mobe, ho tlosa nako e telele le ho tlosa eyeblink. Eaba lets'oao le fetisoa ka filtara ea band-pass ea 0.01-30 Hz. Linako li ne li kenyelletsa 200 ms pele le 1000 ms kamora ho qala hoa tšusumetso ea sepheo. Lintho tsa khale tsa EOG li ile tsa lokisoa ho sebelisoa tlhahlobo e ikemetseng ea likaroloana (ICA) (Jung et al., 2001). Linako tse nang le boleng ba bophahamo bo fetang ± 80 μV ho elektrode efe kapa efe li ile tsa qheleloa ka thoko pele ho ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebetso ea karolelano ea EEG. Li-ERP li ne li hlophisitsoe ka boikemelo bakeng sa motho e mong le e mong ea nkang karolo le boemo bo bong le bo bong ba liteko.

ERP e ne e notletsoe nako ho hlahisa sefahleho se shebiloeng. Ho ipapisitsoe le lipatlisiso tsa pejana mabapi le ts'ebetso ea sefahleho (Luo et al., 2010; Frühholz et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2016) le kabo ea sebopeho sa ketsahalo ea ERP e akaretsang thutong ea hajoale, li-amplople tse bohareng libakeng tsa P8 le PO8 tsa eleketrode li ile tsa khethoa bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea lipalo ea karolo ea N170 (fensetere ea nako: 150-230 ms). Bakeng sa karolo ka 'ngoe, li-amplitudes tse bolelang li fumanoe ka har'a fensetere ea nako e lekanang' me li lekantsoe ho tsoa ho li-electrode.

Boitsebiso ba Lintlha

Liphuputso tse ling tsa lipalopalo li ile tsa etsoa ho sebelisoa IBM SPSS Statistics 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States). Hobane li-block tse thabisang le tse hlonameng e ne e le maemo a fapaneng a maikutlo, litlhahlobo tse arohaneng tsa phapang (ANOVAs) tsa tšebelisano ea valence ea maikutlo (happy vs. e etselitsoeng data ea boits'oaro le karolo e ngoe le e ngoe ea ERP. Lintlha ka bobeli tsa boits'oaro le li-amplip tsa ERP li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka mehato e phetoang ea li-ANOVA tse sebelisang likhato tsa tokoloho tse fetotsoeng tsa Greenhouse – Geisser. Ntho e mahareng a taba e ne e le sehlopha sa boithuto (IGD vs. The post hoc tlhahlobo e sebelisitse litokiso tsa Bonferroni bakeng sa papiso e mengata.

Results

Linomoro tsa liteko tse kenyellelitsoeng maemong a liteko li thathamisitsoe ho Lethathamo Lethathamo22. Bakeng sa liphetho tse latelang, tlhaiso-leseling e hlahisoa e le phoso e tloaelehileng ± phoso ntle le ha ho boletsoe ka tsela e ngoe.

Palo ea liteko e kenyelelitsoe maemong ohle.

Ditaba tsa Boits'oaro

Mabapi le nako ea karabelo, sebakeng se bohloko, phello e kholo ea valence e ne e le bohlokoa, F(1,30) = 4.86, p <0.05, = 0.14; Nako ea karabelo e ne e le khuts'oane bakeng sa lipolelo tse bohloko (618.87 ± 31.48 ms) ho feta lipolelo tse sa nke lehlakore (663.39 ± 34.77 ms); phello ea mantlha ea sehlopha e ne e le bohlokoa, F(1,30) = 5.09, p <0.05, = 0.15; le nako ea karabelo e ne e le khuts'oane bakeng sa sehlopha sa NC (569.84 ± 44.68 ms) ho feta sehlopha sa IGD (712.42 ± 44.68 ms). Tšebelisano e ne e se bohlokoa, p > 0.5. Sebakeng se thabileng, phello ea mantlha ea valence e ne e le bohlokoa, F(1,30) = 6.63, p <0.05, = 0.18; Nako ea karabelo e ne e le khuts'oane bakeng sa lipolelo tse thabisang (583.97 ± 39.33 ms) ho feta lipolelo tse sa nke lehlakore (648.08 ± 36.6 ms); ha ho na litlamorao tse ling tsa mantlha le tšebelisano tse fihletseng bohlokoa, kaofela ps> 0.1; Nako ea karabelo bakeng sa sehlopha sa NC (577.25 ± 50.76 ms) e ne e bapisoa le ea sehlopha sa IGD (654.81 ± 50.76 ms). Ha liteko tse thabisang le tse bohloko li ne li bapisoa ka kotloloho, phello ea mantlha le ts'ebelisano e ne e se tsa bohlokoa, kaofela ps> 0.05.

Mabapi le ho nepahala, bolulong bo hlonameng bo sa nke lehlakore, lebokoseng le thabileng le sa nke lehlakore, mme ha liteko tse monate le tse bohloko li bapisoa ka kotloloho, ha ho na tšusumetso e kholo le tšebelisano 'moho e fihletseng bohlokoa.

Lintlha tsa ERP

N170

2 (sehlopha) × 2 (thabo khahlanong le ho se nke lehlakore) ANOVA e senotse hore phello e kholo ea valence e ne e se ea bohlokoa, (1,30) = 3.47, p = 0.07, = 0.10, 'me phello ea mantlha ea sehlopha e ne e se bohlokoa, (1,30) = 0.01, p = 0.92, <0.001. Leha ho le joalo, tšebelisano ea valence ka sehlopha e ne e le bohlokoa, (1,30) = 4.25, p = 0.048, = 0.124 (Figure Figure11). The post hoc tlhahlobo e senotse hore bakeng sa sehlopha sa IGD, lipolelo tse thabisang li hlahisitse karolo e lebisitsoeng hampe ea N170 (3.02 ± 1.12 μV) ho feta lifahleho tse sa jeleng paate (4.18 ± 1.09 μV), (1,30) = 7.70, p = 0.009, = 0.20, Bonferroni o lokisitsoe. Leha ho le joalo, bakeng sa sehlopha sa taolo, lipolelo tse thabisang le tse sa jeleng paate li hlahisitse likarolo tse tšoanang tsa N170 (e thabileng: 3.79 ± 1.12 μV, e sa nke lehlakore: 3.73 ± 1.09 μV), (1,30) = 0.02 p = 0.89, = 0.001, Bonferroni oa khalemeloa.

Tšoantšiso 1

(A) Mefuta e meholo ea maqhubu a Grand ERP ea karolo ea N170 e bonts'itsoeng lipakeng tsa 150 le 230 ms bakeng sa maemo a mane sebakeng sa moemeli sa P8. (B) Kabo ea topographic ea maqhubu a phapang lipakeng tsa lipolelo tse sa jeleng paate le tse thabileng (boemo bo thabileng bo nka lehlakore ...

Leha ho le joalo, li-amplitudes tse maemong a hlonameng-a sa nke lehlakore ha li a ka tsa bontša litlamorao tse kholo tsa mantlha kapa tšebelisano maemong a hlomolang-a ho se nke lehlakore (Figure Figure22). A 2 (sehlopha) × 2 (e bohloko ka ho se nke lehlakore) ANOVA e senotse hore litlamorao tse kholo tsa valence [F(1,30] = 0.39, p = 0.54, = 0.01], sehlopha [F(1,30) = 0.02, p = 0.88, = 0.001], le ho sebelisana [F(1,30) = 0.02, p = 0.88, = 0.001] e ne e se bohlokoa le hore likarolo tsa N170 tse hlahisitsoeng ke lipolelo tse thabisang le tse sa nke lehlakore sehlopheng sa IGD (sad: 3.79 ± 1.21 μV, neutral: 3.65 ± 1.15 μV) li ne li ts'oana le tse hlahisitsoeng sehlopheng sa taolo (sad : 3.57 ± 1.21 μV, e sa nke lehlakore: 3.35 ± 1.15 μV).

Tšoantšiso 2

(A) Mefuta e meholo ea maqhubu a Grand ERP ea karolo ea N170 e bonts'itsoeng lipakeng tsa 150 le 230 ms bakeng sa maemo a mane sebakeng sa moemeli sa P8. (B) Kabo ea topographic ea maqhubu a phapang lipakeng tsa lipolelo tse sa jeleng paate le tse thabisang (boemo bo bohloko bo sa nke lehlakore ...

Ha e bapisa ka kotloloho N170 amplitudes ho arabela lipolelo tse bohloko le tse monate, 2 (IGD vs. NC sehlopha) × 2 (sad vs. happy) ANOVA e bonts'itse hore litlamorao tse kholo tsa valence, sehlopha le tšebelisano ha li bohlokoa, kaofela ps> 0.05.

Puisano

Joaloka motheo oa ts'ebelisano pakeng tsa sechaba, ts'ebetso ea maikutlo ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea puisano pakeng tsa batho. Le ha leruo la lithuto le batlisitse mesebetsi ea bolaoli ho batho ba nang le IGD, lithuto tsa ts'ebetso ea maikutlo ea batho ba nang le IGD li lekantsoe; haholo-holo, tsebong ea rona, ha ho so be le liphuputso tse phatlalalitsoeng tse fuputsang ts'ebetso ea ho se tsebe letho ea lipolelo tsa maikutlo ho IGD. Boitsebiso ba boits'oaro ba thuto ea hajoale bo senotse hore lihlopha tsa IGD le tsa NC li arabetse ka potlako lipolelong tsa maikutlo tse sa tsebeng letho (lipolelo tse thabisang le tse bohloko) ho fapana le lipolelo tse sa jeleng paate, tse fanang ka maikutlo a hore batho ba nang le IGD ba na le bokhoni bo tloaelehileng ba ho ntša matšoao a maikutlo sefahlehong sa boitlhompho. sethala. Sephetho sena se ne se lumellana le se fumanoeng pejana se bonts'itseng nako e khuts'oane ea karabelo ho maikutlo a maikutlo ho fapana le polelo e sa nke lehlakore ho bankakarolo ba tloaelehileng (Calder et al., 1997; Eimer et al., 2003) mme a fetisetsa sephetho sena ho batho ba nang le IGD. Ntle le moo, ha e bapisoa le IGD, sehlopha sa NC se bonts'itse nako e khuts'oane ea karabelo ho lipolelo tse bohloko le tse sa jeleng paate sebakeng se utloisang bohloko. Leha ho le joalo, ho ne ho se na tšusumetso e ts'oanang lipolelong tse thabileng le tse sa nke lehlakore ka lebokoseng le thabileng. Lifahleho tse thabileng tsa mohlala li ile tsa hlahisoa hore li ka tsejoa habonolo le ho khetholleha ho feta ho se nke lehlakore ho feta lifahleho tse hlonameng (Calder et al., 1997; Surguladze et al., 2003). Ho ipapisitsoe le tlhahiso ena, ka lebokoseng le thabileng, lipolelo tse monate li kanna tsa khetholoha ho feta lipolelo tse sa nke lehlakore bakeng sa sehlopha sa NC le IGD, ka hona li nolofalletsa mosebetsi oa ho amohela lipolelo tse peli sehlopheng sa NC le IGD. Le ha ho ne ho se na bonolo ba ho amohela moahong o utloisang bohloko hobane lipolelo tse bohloko ha li khethollehe haholo ho lipolelo tse sa nke lehlakore joaloka lipolelo tsa thabo. Liphetho tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore mabapi le nako ea karabelo, boemo bo hlonameng / boemo bo hlabang- bo sa nke lehlakore bo ka ba bonolo ho khetholla IGD le NC ka ho tseba sefahleho.

Habohlokoa le ho feta, thuto ea hajoale e hlahlobile nako ea ho sebetsana le sefahleho sa maikutlo ho batho ba nang le IGD. Liphetho tsa ERP li bonts'itse molumo oa N170 o fokotsitsoeng ho batho ba nang le IGD ha ba sebetsana le lifahleho tse sa nke lehlakore ha li bapisoa le lifahleho tse thabileng, ha NC e bonts'a li-amplitudes tse tšoanang tsa N170 ha ba sebetsana le lifahleho tse sa nke lehlakore le tse thabileng maemong a thabileng a sa nke lehlakore. Bobeli ba batho ba nang le IGD le NC ba bontšitse li-amplitudes tse tšoanang tsa N170 lifahlehong tse hlonameng le lifahleho tse sa jeleng paate maemong a hlonameng le a sa jeleng paate. Ho fokotseha ha bophahamo ba N170 bakeng sa lipolelo tse sa jeleng paate ha ho bapisoa le lipolelo tse monate sehlopheng sa IGD se ts'ehetsa mohopolo oa rona, o neng o fana ka maikutlo a hore litebello tse fapaneng tsa bankakarolo ho sebetsaneng le tšusumetso e ntle le e mpe li tla ama ho tsebahala ha bona sefahlehong, mme li lebise ho sebopehong se fapaneng sa sefahleho ho IGD le NC. Litebello tsa bankakarolo li ne li khothalelitsoe pejana ho susumetsa tlhahlobo e hlakileng ka ho ama valence ea tšusumetso ea mantlha mosebetsing oa boipheliso (Leppänen et al., 2003; Hugenberg, 2005). Thutong ea hajoale, lipolelo tse sa nke lehlakore li ile tsa putsoa hanyane ho feta lipolelo tse thabisang ho batho ba nang le IGD, mme IGD e kanna ea ba le tebello e nyane ea lipolelo tse sa nke lehlakore ho fapana le lipolelo tse thabisang, tse bakileng ho fokotseha ha N170 amplitudes bakeng sa lipolelo tse sa jeleng paate ho feta lipolelo tsa thabo. Leha ho le joalo, maemong a hlonameng a ho se nke lehlakore, batho ka bomong ba kanna ba se be le tebello e eketsehileng ea lifahleho tse hlonameng kapa tebello e nyane bakeng sa lifahleho tse sa jeleng paate, tse lebisang likarabong tse tšoanang ho lifahleho tse hlonameng le tse sa jeleng paate. Hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore re ke ke ra fihlela qeto ea hore batho ba nang le IGD ba na le bofokoli kelellong ea bona ea maikutlo, hobane ba bontšitse li-amplope tse tšoanang tsa N170 ho tsa NC ho arabela lipolelo tse thabisang le tse bohloko. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, sephetho sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba nang le IGD ba ka ba le bokhoni bo tloaelehileng ba ho ntša tlhaiso-leseling ea maikutlo lipolelong tsa maikutlo. Ntle le moo, tlhaiso-leseling ea hona joale ea ERP e bonts'itse phapang lipakeng tsa sehlopha sa IGD le NC maemong a thabileng, ha data ea boits'oaro e bonts'a phapang ea lihlopha tse peli tse maemong a hlonameng. Re fana ka maikutlo a hore N170 e emetse ts'ebetso e ikhethileng ea sefahleho ea ho se tsebe letho ea IGD qalong, athe nako ea karabelo e kanna ea bontša ponahalo ea sefahleho qetellong. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho nahanoa hore litaba tsa boits'oaro hangata ha li tsamaellane le data ea ERP bakeng sa litlhaloso tse bonolo, lithuto tse ling lia hlokahala bakeng sa taba ena.

Ka kakaretso, liphetho tsa hajoale li atolositse sephetho sa pejana ts'ebetsong ea sefahleho sa basebelisi ba inthanete ba feteletseng mme li bonts'a mekhoa e ikhethileng ea ho sebetsana le sefahleho maemong a fapaneng a sefahleho har'a batho ba nang le IGD. Haholo-holo, ha e bapisoa le NC, batho ka bomong ba nang le IGD ba na le li-amplope tse tlase tsa N170 ho arabela lifahleho tse sa jeleng paate ho fapana le ho arabela lifahleho tse thabileng moelelong oa polelo ea thabo e sa nke lehlakore, e kanna ea hlaha ho tloha tebellong ea bona e tlase ea lipolelo tse sa nke lehlakore. Phello ena ha ea ka ea bonoa maemong a utloisang bohloko le a sa nke lehlakore bakeng sa batho ba IGD kapa ba NC.

Meeli le Lithuto tsa Bokamoso

Ho na le meeli e 'meli thutong ea hajoale. Taba ea mantlha, ho ile ha hiroa banna ba bangata ho feta basali ka lebaka la khaello e lekanang ea basali ba sebelisang papali ea Inthanete ka mokhoa o feteletseng. Taba ea bobeli, leha lithuto tsa pejana li fumane hore nako e ngata lefats'eng (mohlala, ho bapala lipapali tsa video) li ne li amahanngoa le likamano tsa batho tse fokotsehileng lefatšeng la nnete mme tsa fana ka maikutlo a hore maqhubu a tlase a puisano ea sechaba le maikutlo a ka fetola kamoo batho ba Tsamaiso ea sefahleho sa ts'ebetso ea IGD lefatšeng la 'nete (Lo et al., 2005; Weinreich et al., 2015), Re ke ke ra fihlela liqeto mabapi le ho ba teng ha lihlooho tse ikhethileng tsa lihlooho tsa lithuto tsa IGD kapa ho senyeha ha tsona puisanong ea sechaba. Ho hlokahala lithuto tse ling ho fuputsa mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea sefahleho ea batho ba nang le IGD.

Menehelo ea Mongoli

XP, FC, le CJ ba hlahisitse likhopolo tsa thuto. TW e bokellelitse data. XP le TW ba hlahlobile data. XP, CJ le FC ba ngotse sengoloa sena. Bangoli bohle ba kentse letsoho ho mongolo o ngotsoeng ka letsoho mme ba amohela mofuta oa ho qetela oa sengolo se ngotsoeng ka letsoho bakeng sa ho romelloa.

Tlhōlisano ea Tlhaloso

Bangoli ba bolela hore lipatlisiso li ne li etsoa ka ho se be le likamano leha e le life tsa khoebo kapa tsa lichelete tse ka nkoang e le khohlano e ka 'nang ea e-ba le thahasello.

lumela hore baa fokola

Re leboha Dr. Dandan Zhang ka ho fana ka seatla se bulehileng lenaneo la hae la k'homphieutha bakeng sa teko. Re leboha Monghali Junfeng Li ka ho re thusa ho hira bankakarolo ba IGD. Re leboha bahlahlobisisi ka litlhahiso le maikutlo a bona.

Notes

Pampiri ena e ne e tšehelitsoe ke lithuso tse latelang:

Motheo oa Naha oa Saense ea Tlhaho ea China10.13039/501100001809.

Saense ea Tlhaho Motheo oa Profinse ea Guangdong10.13039/501100003453.

Mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe

Lithuso. Mosebetsi ona o ne o tšehelitsoe ke Lekala la Thuto ea Botho le Morero oa Saense ea Sechaba (16YJCZH074), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31500877, 31600889), Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (2016A030310039), Morero oa Filosofi le Saense ea Sechaba bakeng sa la 12. Morero oa Lilemo tse 5 Profinseng ea Guangdong (GD15XXL06), le Moputso o Ikhethileng oa Bocha ba Setsi sa Setereke sa Guangdong (YQ2014149).

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