(HO HLOKAHALA) Ho phomola: Phello ea ho nka phomolo ho tloha Facebook le Instagram ka boiketlo bo botle (2019)

inahaneloang

Libaka tsa Inthaneteng tsa Setsoalle (SNS) tse kang Facebook le Instagram li fetisitse karolo e kholo ea bophelo ba sechaba sechabeng, empa e ka ba tšusumetso e mpe le ho baka phapang pakeng tsa sechaba. Ka hona batho ba bangata ba nka ho nka "SNS phomolo." Re ile ra batlisisa liphello tsa phomolo ea beke e le 'ngoe ho tloha ho Facebook le Instagram ka boiketlo bo botle, le hore na sena se tla fapana le basebelisi ba SNS ba sa sebetseng kapa ba sebetsang. Mokhoa oa ho sebelisa o ne o lekanyetsoa ka mokhoa o nepahetseng, o sebelisa Software ea RescueTime, ho thibela litaba tsa boipiletso. Mokhoa oa ho sebelisa o ne o fumanoa pele ho teko, 'me basebelisi ba SNS ba nang le mokhoa o sebelisoang haholoanyane kapa o sa sebelisoang haholo ba ne ba abetsoe ka linomoro tse lekanang le maemo a beke ea beke SNS (n = 40) kapa ha ho SNS phomolo (n = 38). Ho phela hantle ka boiketlo (khotsofalo ea bophelo, tšusumetso e ntle, le ho ama hampe) e ile ea lekanngoa pele le ka mor'a nako ea phomolo. Thutong ea pele ho teko, tšebeliso ea SNS e sebetsang e ile ea fumaneha ho lumellana hantle le khotsofalo ea bophelo le tšusumetso e ntle, athe SNS e nang le sepheo se fetisang e khotsofatsa ka khotsofalo ea bophelo, empa eseng e amang. Ho makatsang ke hore, kamora tlhahlobo ea kamora teko ea SNS e bakile tšusumetso e ntle e tlase bakeng sa basebelisi ba mafolofolo mme ha e na litlamorao tse kholo bakeng sa basebelisi ba sa tsotelleng. Sephetho sena se hanana le tebello e tsebahalang, mme se bonts'a ts'ebeliso ea SNS e ka ba molemo ho basebelisi ba mafolofolo. Re fana ka maikutlo a hore basebelisi ba SNS ba lokela ho rutoa melemo ea mokhoa o sebetsang oa tšebeliso le hore lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang li lokela ho nahana ka monyetla oa ho lemalla SNS har'a basebelisi ba mafolofolo haholoanyane.

Ho nka matsatsi a phomolo ho tsoa liwebsaeteng tseo batho ba etsang metsoalle ho tsona (SNS) joalo ka Facebook le Instagram ke taba e ncha e ncha eo ho eona batho ba bang ba sa tloheng ho SNS ea bona kapa nako eohle. Patlisiso e fumane hore ts'ebeliso ea SNS e na le melemo e mengata, haholoholo ka ho eketsa chelete e ngata ea sechaba e amang hantle boitšepo le boiketlo ba subjective (SWB) [1, 2], empa hape e ka ba kotsi ho SWB [3-5]. Patlisiso pele e bonts'itse hore ho nka phomolo ho tsoa ho SNS hangata ho susumetsoa ke likhathatso tsa setjhaba tse kang ho ikutloa o le mobe ho tloha papisong e phahameng ea sechaba, ho pepesehela tlhahiso e sotlehileng (e ntle haholo), ho ikutloa o se na morero kapa o boreleli, le likhohlano tsa motho e mong [6-11]. Leha ho le joalo, ha batho ba nka matsatsi a phomolo a SNS, ha ba ikarole eseng feela ho litlamorao tse mpe tsa ts'ebeliso ea SNS empa le melemo ea eona. Sena se hlahisa potso ea hore na ho nka phomolo ea SNS ho na le litlamorao tse ntle kapa tse ntle boiketlong ba subjective.

Ho phela hantle ka boiketlo ho lula kahare ho boiphihlelo ba motho mme ho na le likarolo tse peli: boiketlo ba setho (se nepahetseng le se mpe) le khotsofalo ea bophelo [12-13]. Patlisiso e fumane hore tsela eo batho ba sebelisanang le SNS, ekaba e mafolofolo kapa ea boithati, ke phapang e kholo tseleng eo ts'ebeliso ea SNS e amang SWB [14]. 'Ts'ebeliso e sebetsang' e kenyelletsa ho theha dikahare le ho buisana le ba bang ka kotloloho; mohlala, ho romella lintlafatso tsa maemo, ho fana ka maikutlo, ho qoqa le ho arolelana lipapatso [3]. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, 'tšebeliso ea ho sebelisa feela' ho kenyelletsa ho ja boitsebiso ba batho ba bang ntle le ho buisana le ba bang [5]. Mesebetsi ea ho etsa feela e kenyelletsa ho bala litaba tsa litaba, ho latela likhokahano tsa ba bang, ho hlahloba lifaele tsa metsoalle le ho sheba linepe tsa bona ntle le ho araba [5]. Ts'ebeliso e sebetsang ebile e sa etse letho ha se mofuta o khethollang, 'me lipatlisiso li fumane hore li lokisa hantle hobane basebelisi ba mafolofolo ba tlameha ho sebelisa tlhaiso-leseling ea batho ba bang ha ba ntse ba sebetsana le SNS [15]. Re bua ka 'basebelisi ba mafolofolo' le 'basebelisi feela' ho bontša batho ba tloaetseng ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebetso kapa ba sa tsotelleng ntle le tšebeliso ea tšebeliso ea tšebeliso e ntle feela.

Patlisiso mabapi le SNS le boiketlo ba sechaba ke Burke et al. [16] le Ellison et al. [1] o phethela ka hore ts'ebeliso e sebetsang e amana le ho theha le ho boloka chelete ea sechaba, e amanang le litlamorao tse ntle tsa boitšepo le boiketlo ba boiketlo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ts'ebeliso ea moelelo feela e amanang le SWB e fokotsehileng [3-5]. Batho ba bangata ba tloaetse ho beha feela lintho tse ntle ka bophelo ba bona ho SNS [5], ho hlahisa tlhahiso ea boithati eo e seng ea sebele. Ha basebelisi ba marang-rang ba sebelisa tlhahisoleseling ena, ba kenella ho se tsejoang e le 'papiso e holimo ea sechaba,' mme ba fihlela qeto ea hore ba bang ba thabile ebile ho molemo ho feta bona [17-18]. Sena se ka tsosa mohono, khatello ea maikutlo le ho fokotsa SWB [3, 5, 19-20], phello e matla ho feta batho ba tloahelang ho bapisoa le sechaba [21-23].

Haeba tšebeliso ea ts'ebeliso e tlatsana le bophelo bo botle bo fokotsehileng, joale ho tlohela mokhoa ona oa inthanete ho ka ntlafatsa maemo a bophelo bo botle ba subjential. Leha ho le joalo, ke liphuputso tse fokolang tse ileng tsa hlahloba hore na phomolo ea SNS e fokotsa litlamorao tsena tse mpe, mme e hlahisitse liphetho tse tsoakaneng. Hinsch le Sheldon [24] o entse lithuto tse peli tse neng li hlahloba litlamorao tsa ho fokotsa (Study 1) kapa ho khaotsa (Study 2) Facebook kapa papali ea inthanete bakeng sa lihora tsa 48. Boithuto ka bobeli bo fumane hore ho fokotsa kapa ho emisa ts'ebeliso ea Facebook / lipapali tsa marang-rang li ile tsa eketsa khotsofalo ea bophelo ba barupeluoa, empa tsa fokotsa ts'usumetso e ntle. Tromholt [25o sebelisitse sampole e kholo le khefu ea Facebook bekeng e le 'ngoe. Phuputso ena e fumane ho eketseha ha khotsofalo ea bophelo le tšusumetso e ntle sehlopheng sa kalafo (Facebook break) ha e bapisoa le sehlopha sa taolo (ha ho phomolo ea Facebook). Litlamorao li ne li le matla hara basebelisi ba boima ba Facebook, basebelisi feela, le ba neng ba rata ho honohela ba bang. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Vanman, Baker, le Tobin [26] ba fumane maemo a cortisol ho karolo ea sehlopha sa liteko a fokotsehile kamora nako ea phomolo ea Facebook, a fana ka maikutlo a hore Facebook e sithabetsa. Sena se ne se le thata haholo ha tšebeliso e tlaase e ne e le tlase; ha ho na phello ea tekanyo ea tšebeliso e sebetsang. Barupeluoa ba sehlopha sa liteko le bona ba fumane khotsofalo e fokotsehileng ea bophelo, ha ba bapisoa le sehlopha sa taolo (eo khotsofalo ea bophelo ba bona e ileng ea eketseha nakong eo).

Lithuto tsena li arolelane meeli e tšoanang: Ts'ebeliso ea SNS le phokotso ea ts'ebeliso li lekantsoe ho sebelisoa tlaleho ea boits'oaro e ka ba e sa nepahalang kapa e ka tšelehang ka lebaka la khethollo [27]. Hangata batho ha ba tsebe hore na ba hlahloba khafetsa hakae kapa hore na ba qeta nako e kae ho SNS mme ba na le bothata ba ho tlaleha tšebeliso e nepahetseng. Ha ho na mochini oa ho hlahloba ts'ebeliso ea Facebook e fokotsehile kapa e felile nakong ea liteko tse ling ntle le ho itlaleha.

Patlisiso ea hajoale e ikemiselitse ho sebetsana le meeli ea lipatlisiso tse seng li ntse li le teng le ho fana ka karabo e hlakileng haholoanyane potsong ea litlamorao tsa matsatsi a phomolo a SNS mabapi le boiketlo ba boiketlo. Re sebelisa moralo oa liteko, re ile ra leka sephetho sa ho ba le phomolo e felletseng ho tsoa ho SNS (Facebook le Instagram hammoho) boiketlong ba boiketlo, ka ho nahana ka mekhoa ea ts'ebeliso e sebetsang kapa e sa sebetseng. Habohlokoa re sebelisitse mohopolo oa ts'ebeliso ea SNS re sebelisa software e bitsoang 'RescueTime' e kentsoeng lisebelisoa tsa bona tsa thekeng le tsa laptop. Ho ipapisitsoe le mehato ea pele ho tlhahlobo, barupeluoa ba ne ba arotsoe ka basebelisi ba mafolofolo kapa ba sa sebetseng mme ba fuoe monyetla oa ho ea phomolong ea SNS kapa boemo ba lethathamo. Boemong ba phomolo ba SNS, phihlello ho Facebook le Instagram li ne li koetsoe ho lisebelisoa tse ngolisitsoeng bakeng sa beke e le 'ngoe,' me ts'ebeliso efe kapa efe e tsoang lisebelisoa tse ling e ka bonoa.

Hobane tšebeliso ea maiketsetso e amahanngoa le papiso e phahameng ea maemo a holimo sechabeng [22] le tlase SWB [4-5, 15], re ne re lebelletse hore phomolo ea SNS e tla ruisa basebelisi monyetla, e tla fella ka keketseho ea khotsofalo ea bophelo ka kakaretso le ho phela hantle. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, hobane basebelisi ba mafolofolo ba fumana melemo ea ho sebelisa SNS, joalo ka boiketlo ba sechaba le boitšepo, re ne re lebelletse hore ho ikhetholla bakeng sa beke ho ka ba ha beha litholoana. Tumellanong le lipatlisiso tsa nakong e fetileng, re lekantse likarolo tse peli tse fapaneng tsa bophelo bo botle ba 'mele: khotsofalo ea bophelo, le bophelo bo botle (ho ba le tšusumetso e ntle le e mpe). Re khothalelitse hore ho tla ba le phello e leka-lekaneng ea mokhoa oa ts'ebeliso hore, kamora nako ea phomolo ea SNS, khotsofalo ea bophelo le boiketlo li tla ntlafatsoa hara basebelisi ba fetang feela, le ho fokotsoa har'a basebelisi ba mafolofolo.

Boithuto ba rona bo kenyellelitse motsoako o amanang le liteko tsa tlhahlobo ea tšebeliso ea SNS (metsotso) le tšebeliso ea ts'ebeliso e ntle ea bophelo bo khotsofatsang. E ne e le hypothesized (1) hore tšebeliso ea SNS khafetsa (metsotso) e ka amanang hampe le khotsofalo ea bophelo le bophelo bo botle; (2) ts'ebeliso ea feela e ka amana hampe le khotsofalo ea bophelo le tšusumetso e ntle; le (3) ts'ebeliso e sebetsang e ka amana hantle le khotsofalo ea bophelo le tšusumetso e ntle.

Lisebelisoa le mekhoa

barupeluoa ba

Barupeluoa ba mashome a supileng a metso e robeli ba qetile thuto; ho na le banna ba 35 (M = 29.49, SD = 5.61) le basali ba 43 (M = 31.95, SD = 8.05) ho tloha 18 ho isa ho 48 ea lilemo li (M = 30.85, SD = 7.12). Ho amoheloa ho ne ho sa fuoe maemo ana a marang-rang hobane tšebeliso ea SNS (haholo-holo Instagram) e tlase ka kananelo ho batho ba baholo [28-31]. Barupeluoa ba ile ba ngolisoa ba sebelisa Prolific Academic (letamo la bankakarolo le nkang karolo sethaleng; barupeluoa ba 66), le maqephe a Facebook a amanang le Yunivesithi ea New England, Australia (barupeluoa ba 12). Ho theha sampole e batsi thuto e ile ea buloa linaheng tse buang Senyesemane tse neng li na le palo e kholo ea basebelisi ba SNS, ba ipapisitse le lipapiso tsa naha [32-33], e leng Australia, United Kingdom le United States of America, ho hira hape n = 24, 33 le 21 ho tsoa ho linaha tsena ka ho latellana. Ha ho na phapang e ileng ea bonoa ke naha, lilemo kapa bong bakeng sa khotsofalo ea bophelo, tšusumetso e ntle, tse mpe kapa tse mpe tse sebelisang lintlha tsa tšebeliso (kaofela p > .05). Barupeluoa ba ile ba lefuoa £ 3 ha ba phethela thuto ea libeke tse peli. Hoo e ka bang halofo ea bankakarolo ha baa ka ba sebelisa ak'haonte ea bona ea Instagram khafetsa (n = 40); Facebook e ne e le SNS e tsebahalang haholo. Lintlha li ile tsa bokelloa qetellong ea 2016.

Ho bile le ho khahloa lipakeng tsa mekhahlelo. Barupeluoa ba lekholo le ba robong ba qetile Phase 1 mme ba kenya RescueTime fonong ea bona. Ho bana, mashome a robong a metso e supileng ba phethile mekhahlelo e setseng. Leha ho le joalo, RescueTime e hlokometse 19 e sa lumellaneng ka botlalo le matsatsi a phomolo a SNS mme e ile ea tlameha ho qheleloa ka thoko ho database e tlohelang sampole ea ho qetela ea 78 (liteko tsa 40, taolo ea 38) e phethetseng thuto ka botlalo. Ho ne ho na le banna ba 19 le basali ba 19 ba maemong a taolo, le ba batona ba 16 le basali ba 24 maemong a liteko.

thepa

PholosoTo.

Ha lithuto tsa pele li ne li itšetleha ka mehato ea ho itlaleha ea ts'ebeliso ea Facebook, thuto ena e sebelisitse software e bitsoang RescueTime (fumaneha ho tloha https://www.rescuetime.com/), ts'ebeliso e lekolang marang-rang, nako e sebelisitsoeng ho SNS (metsotso), le ho thibela SNS lisebelisoa. Sena se netefalitse mehato ea tšebeliso e nepahetseng, e sa thekeseleng ho feta lithutong tse fetileng, mme e re lumella ho lekola ho latela maemo maemong a phomolo. Ts'ebeliso ea Instagram le ea Facebook li kopantsoe ho etsa phetoho e bitsoang khafetsa ea tšebeliso ea SNS (metsotso). RescueTime e ne e jarolleloa lisebelisoa tsohle (ho kenyeletsoa mehala ea selefouno, lilaptop le matlapa) moo barupeluoa ba neng ba sebelisa SNS khafetsa. Kopo e ne e sa fumanehe ho iPhone, ka hona barupeluoa ba ne ba hlokoa ho ba le mohala oa Android.

Khotso ea bophelo.

Khotsofalo ea bophelo e lekantsoe ho sebelisoa boleng ba Potso ea Bohlokoa ba Bophelo le Khotsofalo-18 (Q-LES-Q-18) [34]. Ho sebetsana le litaba tsa litlhoko tsa tlhoko, halofo ea lintho li sebelisitsoe tlhahlobong ea pele le halofo e 'ngoe lithutong tsa kamora liteko [27]. Potso e ile ea aroloa ka halofo ka ho tsamaisa lintlha tse lekantsoeng tsa lipotso tse batlang li lekana ho tloha sebakeng se seng le se seng. Sekala sena se sekaseka likarolo tse 'nè tsa thabo le khotsofalo bekeng e fetileng - bophelo bo botle ba' mele, maikutlo a boiketlo, boikhathollo le mesebetsi ea nako le likamano tsa sechaba. Potso ea ho qetela "U khotsofetse hakae ka moriana?" Ha ea ka ea kenyeletsoa hobane e sa sebetse thutong ena. Likarabo li ne li fuoe sekaleng ho tloha 1 = "Ho hang kapa ho hang" ho 5 = "Khafetsa kapa ka linako tsohle" mme lintlha tse akaretsang li ne li kopantsoe ho tsoa linthong. Likarolo tse arohaneng tsa halofo e ne e le α = .93 le α = .85.

Tšusumetso e ntle le e mpe.

Tšusumetso e ntle (PA) le tse mpe tse mpe (NA) li lekantsoe ho sebelisoa Positive and Negative Afitive schedule (PANAS; Watson et al. [35]). Ka lebaka la hore tekanyo ena e entsoe ka subscales, halofo ea karohano ha ea ka ea etsoa; ho fapana le moo, lintho li ile tsa hlahisoa ka tatellano ea ho loantšana le litlamorao tsa ho ithuta. Sekala sa PA le NA se seng le se seng se na le lintho tse leshome tse khahlang, tse kang ho “thabisoa” (PA) le “ho tšaba” (NA). Batho ka bomong ba bonts'itsoe ka bongata ho tloha 1 = "Hanyane / ho hang" ho isa 5 = "Haholo" ho isa moo ba bileng le maikutlo ana bekeng e fetileng. Likolo tsa PA le NA li ka tloha ho 10-50, ka lipalo tse phahameng tse supang PA kapa NA e phahameng. Litaba tsa Cronbach tsa PA le NA e ne e le .93 le .87 thutong ena, e bonts'a maemo a mangata a ka hare.

Sekala sa Tšebeliso ea Passive le se sebetsang.

Patlisiso ea hajoale e hlokahala ho lekanya tšebeliso ea tšebeliso le mafolofolo ho Facebook le Instagram li kopantsoe. Ha ho na tekanyo e joalo e neng e le teng, ka hona ho ne ho hlokahala ho theha tekanyo e itseng bakeng sa thuto ena. Lintho tse leshome le metso e robeli, tse lekantsoeng ho tloha 1 = "Le ka mohla" ho 5 = "Khafetsa," li entsoe. Tsena li ne li thehiloe sekaleng sa Pagani et al. [36bakeng sa lintho tse sebelisoang tse sebelisang (mohlala, "Kopana le batho ba bacha / etsa metsoalle e mecha"), le Verduyn et al. [3bakeng sa lintho tse kenang feela (mohlala, "Tsamaisetsa litaba tsa ka"), mme o bonts'itse mefuta ea mesebetsi eo basebelisi ba Facebook le Instagram ba ka e etsang.

Ho ile ha etsoa phuputso ea sefofane ho fumana sebopeho sa element pele se sebelisoa. Re ne re lebelletse ho fumana lintlha tse peli tse bonts'ang sekala se sebetsang le se sa sebetseng. Thutong ea sefofane, baahi ba Australia ba 230 ba pakeng tsa 18-48 ba lilemo li (M = 29.63, SD = 7.28) e lekantse sete ea pele ea lintho tsa 18 (Lethathamo 1) joalo ka tlhahlobo ea inthanete. Tlhahlobo ea karolo ea mantlha ka ho potoloha ka mokhoa o tobileng e lekotse sebopeho sa motheo. Lintho tse peli li ne li na le li-eigenvalues ​​tse kholo ho feta e le 'ngoe (Lethathamo 1). Re re li "Active" le "Passive" ho bontša mofuta oa ts'ebeliso. Ho tlositsoe lintho tse hlano: ha ba sebelisa cutoff ea .45 ba laetse lintho tsena ka bobeli kapa ka bobeli ba lintlha. Sena se tlohetse lintho tsa 13, tse tšeletseng ho Passive sub-wadogo le tse supileng ho Active. Phapang e ka hare ea subscales e ne e ts'epahala, α = .82 (Active) le α = .80 (Passive). Boithuto ba hajoale bo fumane ho ts'epa ho ts'oanang litekaneng tse peli tse tlase, α = .82 (Active) le α = .87 (Passive).

ponahalo e nyane

Tafole 1. Factor loading e thehiloeng ho sekaseka sa likarolo tsa mantlha ka ho potoloha ha lintho tsa 18 ho tsoa ho Passive and Active Usage Scale (PAUS) (N = 230).

Lintho tse sa bonahaleng li kentsoe sehlopheng sa ho qetela.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217743.t001

Karabelo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea motho e mong le e mong ea nkang karolo e sa sebetseng le e sebetsang e arotsoe, ho hlahisoa lintlha tse sebelisang le lintlha tsa tšebeliso tse tsoang ho 1-5. Ho bonts'a mokhoa o tsoelang pele ho tloha ts'ebetsong ea ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebetso, ts'ebetso e le 'ngoe e tsoelang pele e ile ea etsoa ka ho tlosa lintlha ho sekhahla se tlase sa Passive ho tsoa ho ba sethaleng se sebetsang. Sena se file setho se seng le se seng 'lintlha tsa mosebelisi tse mafolofolo' (AUS) ho tloha -4 ho isa 4, ka liphetho tse phahameng tse bonts'ang ts'ebeliso e mafolofolo ha e bapisoa le tšebeliso ea feela. Mokhoa ona o sebelisitsoe hosele: ho etsa mohlala, lipatlisisong tse kenyelletsang boiketlo ba batho ba bang, le lintlha tse mabapi le tse mpe tse nkiloeng ho tloha ho tse ling tse ntle ho isa ho tse fapaneng tse fapaneng ka sekhahla se le seng se setle le se sebe [21, 36]. Re bitsitse sekala sa Passive and Active Usage Scale (PAUS). Kahoo, ho tloha ka tekanyo ea PAUS re ne re e-na le lintlha tsa tšebeliso tse sebetsang, lintlha tsa tšebeliso e sa reroang, le nomoro ea mafolofolo ea mosebeletsi (AUS).

Tsamaiso.

Boithuto bona bo entsoe ka tumello ea University of New England's Human Research Ethics Committee-Approval No HE16-086, E sebetsang ho 05 / 05 / 2017. Phuputso eo e ile ea phatlalatsoa ho ipiletsa ho barupeluoa ba batlang ho nka phomolo e khutšoanyane ho tsoa ho Facebook le Instagram. Kamohelo e fumanoe ka tlhahlobo e sa tsejoeng ea inthaneteng e entsoeng ka software ea Qualtrics. Kamora ho fana ka tumello, barupeluoa ba ile ba supa lilemo tsa bona, bong, naha eo ba lulang ho eona le hore na ba na le Smartphone ea Android. Ba boetse ba kopuoa ho supa lisebelisoa tsohle tseo ba li sebelisang hajoale ho fihlella SNS. Eaba ba fetela PAUS, ba latela litaelo tsa ho kenya ts'ebetso ea RescueTime fonong ea bona ea Android le lisebelisoa tse ling. Bafuputsi ba ile ba hlahloba ho bona hore RescueTime e kentsoe lisebelisoa tsohle tseo barupeluoa ba li bontšitseng tlhahlobong ea pele. Barupeluoa ba ile ba laeloa ho sebelisa SNS ka tloaelo bakeng sa beke e le 'ngoe (tšebeliso ea SNS ena e thehiloeng). Kamora hore beke e beiloe, barupeluoa ba ile ba fumana khokahano ho tlhahlobo ea bobeli ea inthanete.

Barupeluoa ba ne ba laetsoe boemong ba AUS mme, ho qala ho tsoa ho palo e holimo haholo le ho sebetsa tlase, 2 e ngoe le e ngoend motho ka mong o ne a abetsoe maemo a teko le ba bang kaofela maemong a taolo, ka hona ho netefatsa hore lihlopha tsena li ne li lekana ho AUS. Sehlopha sa liteko se ne se koetsoe ho SNS bakeng sa beke e le 'ngoe mme ba kopa ho tlosa ka nakoana lits'ebetso tsa Facebook le Instagram lifonong tsa bona, athe ba leng maemong a taolo ba ile ba bolelloa hore ba ka tsoela pele ho sebelisa SNS ka tloaelo mme ba tla ba le monyetla oa ho nka matsatsi a bona a phomolo a SNS letsatsi la morao. Ts'ebeliso efe kapa efe ea SNS lisebelisoa tse ngolisitsoeng ka nako ena e fumanoe ka kopo ea RescueTime. Barupeluoa ba ile ba phethela tlhahlobo ea kamora 'tlhahlobo qetellong ea nako ea phomolo.

Ho hlahlojoa.

Correlations e ne e kopitsoa ho leka likamano tsa hypothesized lipakeng tsa tšebeliso ea SNS, mokhoa oa ts'ebeliso, khotsofalo ea bophelo le bophelo bo botle ba boiketlo. Ka mor'a moo, ho ile ha etsoa liteko ho leka litlamorao tsa matsatsi a phomolo a SNS, IV, khotsofatsong ea bophelo le boiketlo bo kopanetsoeng, li-DV, tseo re neng re lebelletse hore li tla ntlafatsoa har'a batho ba nang le AUS e tlase (basebelisi ba sa tsebeng letho) mme ba fokotsoe hara ba e nang le AUS e phahameng (basebelisi ba sebetsang haholoanyane). Ka nepahalo, li-DV e ne e le liphetoho tse tsoang ho liteko tsa pele (T1) ho ea tlhahlobo ea morao-rao (T2), e kopantsoeng ke ho tlosa lintlha ho T1 ho tloha ho T2, e neng e etsetsoa li-DV tse tharo, khotsofalo ea bophelo, tšusumetso e ntle, mme litla-morao tse mpe, ha maemo a fapaneng a sebetsa bakeng sa e mong le e mong. Boholo ba sampole bo ne bo sa khone ho amohela li-moderator tse peli, ka hona re sebelisitse composite AUS joalo ka mookameli, ho fapana le ho kenyelletsa tšebeliso e sebetsang le e sa feteng letho joalo ka baokameli ba arohaneng. Ka hona, li-IV tsa mekhoa ea bobeli e ne e le (a) ho ba maemong a teko kapa a taolo bakeng sa phomolo ea SNS (boemo), (b) AUS, le (c) boemo ba AUS ×. Ntle le moo, ts'ebeliso ea bong le SNS motheong oa motheo e kenyelelitsoe joalo ka taolo ea maemo.

Results

RescueTime e tlalehiloe, ka kakaretso, metsotso ea 449 (SD = 43.6) ea ts'ebeliso ea SNS nakong ea beke ea ho shebella ea motheo, ka bophara ho tloha 3 ho isa ho 1664 metsotso. Kabo ea tsona e ne e reroa; Ts'ebeliso ea Median e ne e le metsotso ea 192 (mode = 5.6). Ts'ebeliso ea SNS motheong oa motheo e ne e sa fapana haholo lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsa liteko le tsa taolo (tpalo ea ts'ebeliso ea logN e fetotsoeng = -.41, p = .69).

Liphetho tsa likhokahanyo, tse hlahisitsoeng Lethathamo 2, e bonts'a hore nako e sebelisitsoeng ho SNS ha e ea ka ea lumellana haholo le khotsofalo ea bophelo kapa bophelo bo botle (PA le NA). Ts'ebeliso e sebetsang e hokahane hantle le tšusumetso e ntle le khotsofalo ea bophelo. Ts'ebeliso ea Passive e hokahane hantle (empa e fokola) ka khotsofalo ea bophelo, empa eseng ka PA kapa NA. Mohlala oa lipara t-o supa hore, ka karolelano, litho tsa sehlopha li kenya letsoho ts'ebelisong e fetelletseng (M = 3.05, SD = .98) ts'ebeliso e sebetsang (M = 2.25, SD = .87), t(77) = -8.45, p <.001.

ponahalo e nyane

Tafole 2. Matšoao a amanang le tšebelisano pakeng tsa tšebeliso e sebetsang le e mamellisang le SWB (N = 78).

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217743.t002

Liphetho (Lethathamo 3) e senotse tšebelisano e kholo ea maemo a liteko le mokhoa oa ts'ebeliso ho PA le tšebelisano ea bohlokoa ea maemo ka mokhoa oa liteko le mokhoa oa ts'ebeliso ho NA (p = .07). Ha ho na litlamorao tse kholo tsa khotsofalo ea bophelo. Ho theola phello ea tšebelisano ho PA, phetoho e kholo e ile ea bonoa maemong a teko, e le hore PA e fokotsehe ho tloha T1 ho T2 bakeng sa basebelisi ba mafolofolo haholoanyane, khahlano le hypothesised, mme e bonts'itse phetoho e nyane ho basebelisi ba fetang feela (Setšoantšo sa 1), moo re ileng ra re fokotsa ho fokotseha. Ho bile le phetoho e nyane ho PA bakeng sa barupeluoa ba sehlopha sa taolo. Tlhahlobo e bonolo ea matsoapo (Litanka 1 'me 2) e senotse kamano e mpe e mpe lipakeng tsa boemo (control vs liteko) le phetoho ea PA bakeng sa basebelisi ba bangata ba sebetsang. Bakeng sa basebelisi ba fetelletseng, ha ho na phello e kholo ea phomolo ea SNS mabapi le phetoho e ntle e amang.

ponahalo e nyane

Mofuta oa 1. Phello ea tekanyo ea lintlha tsa mosebeletsi tse sebetsang ka phello ea boemo ba liteko mabapi le phetoho ho ama tšusumetso e ntle ho tloha T1 ho T2.

Lipalo tse ntle li bonts'a ho eketseha ha T2, lintlha tse mpe li supa ho fokotseha. Li-betas tse sa elelloeng (bi) le bohlokoa (p) ho tlalehiloe, haufi le mola o mong le o mong, bakeng sa tlhahlobo e bonolo ea methapo ea tšebelisano.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217743.g001

ponahalo e nyane

Mofuta oa 2. Matla a lekanyelitsoeng a phapang a tlhaiso ea lintlha tse sebelisoang ke basebelisi ka phello ea boemo ba liteko mabapi le liphetoho tse mpe tse tsoang T1 ho isa T2.

Lipalo tse ntle li bonts'a ho eketseha ha T2, lintlha tse mpe li supa ho fokotseha. Li-betas tse sa elelloeng (bi) le bohlokoa (p) ho tlalehiloe, haufi le mola o mong le o mong, bakeng sa tlhahlobo e bonolo ea methapo ea tšebelisano.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217743.g002

ponahalo e nyane

Tafole 3. Mefuta e mengata ea boikoetliso e hlahlobang maemo a liteko, mokhoa oa ts'ebeliso oa SNS, le tšebelisano ea bona e le baphethahatsi ba phetoho ho tse amang (PA), tse mpe tse amang (NA), le khotsofalo ea bophelo ho tloha Nako 1 ho ea ho nako 2.

Li-coefficients tse lekantsoeng li hlahisoa (N = 78).

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217743.t003

Ho bile le phello e tšoanang ea tšebelisano ho NA. Bakeng sa basebelisi ba fetelletseng, NA e fokotsehile sehlopheng sa taolo mme ea eketseha sehlopheng sa liteko (Setšoantšo sa 2). Leha ho le joalo, letsoalo le bonolo e ne e le la bohlokoa feela ka mohlolo (p = .06). Bakeng sa basebelisi ba mafolofolo, NA e bontšitse phetoho e nyane maemong ohle.

Puisano

Boithuto bo fetileng bo fumane hore ts'ebeliso ea SNS e sebetsang e amanang le PA e eketsehang le khotsofalo ea bophelo (bophelo bo botle ba boiketlo) athe ts'ebeliso e sa reroang le tšebeliso ea khafetsa e amanang le ho fokotseha ha PA le khotsofalo ea bophelo (bona Verduyn [14] bakeng sa tlhahlobo). Motheong oa sena, batho ba kenang ts'ebeliso ea SNS feela ba ka lebelloa ho rua molemo phomolong ea SNS, empa batho ba nang le setaele se sebetsang ba ne ba ke ke. Re lekile litlamorao tsa matsatsi a phomolo a beke e le 'ngoe ho tloha Facebook le Instagram hammoho, ho fana ka phomolo e phethahetseng ea SNS ho feta ho nka phomolo ho tsoa ho SNS e le' ngoe feela. Re boetse ra qoba litaba tsa ho itlaleha ka ho sebelisa software ho shebella le ho thibela ts'ebeliso ea Facebook le Instagram, hape re laetse litabatabelo tsa maemo a bophelo ho tlaleha khotsofalo ea bophelo ka ho sebelisa lipotso tse fapaneng lithutong tsa pele le tsa tlhahlobo. Barupeluoa ba ile ba nkuoa ba tsoa linaheng tse tharo tse fapaneng, ka hona liphetho ha li felle feela moetlong o le mong oa naha.

Liphetho li hlahisitse phello e lekanyelitsoeng ea mokhoa oa ts'ebeliso, joalo ka hore ho nka nako ea phomolo ho tsoa ho Facebook le Instagram ho fokotse PA bakeng sa basebelisi ba mafolofolo, eseng bakeng sa basebelisi ba fetang feela. Ho boetse ho bile le phello e nyane ho NA, e le hore NA e ntlafalitse basebelisi feela ba sehlopha sa taolo, eseng sehlopha sa liteko. Ha ho na litlamorao tse kholo tsa khotsofalo ea bophelo.

Joalo ka thuto e teng hajoale, Hinsch le Sheldon [24] e fumane hore khefu ea SNS (lipapali tsa Facebook le tsa marang-rang) li felletse ka hore PA e fokotsehe. Sena ha sea ka sa fumanoa ke Vanman et al. [26], leha e le ka Tromholt [25]. Liphetho tsa hajoale, PA e fokotsehileng e hlahisitsoeng ke karohano ea SNS e ne e fuoe basebelisi ba mafolofolo ba SNS feela. Basebelisi ba sebetsang ba haha ​​le ho boloka chelete ea sechaba mme ka lebaka leo ba eketsa boitšepo ba bona le SWB ka tšebeliso ea SNS [1, 16], ka hona ke karolo ea bohlokoa maphelong a bona. Kahoo, ba kanna ba itšetleha haholo ka SNS ho boloka le ho holisa likamano tsa bona tsa kahisano, tse ka hlalosang ho fokotseha ha PA thutong ena. Kahoo, basebelisi ba sebetsang haholo ba ka ba le boemo ba ho itšetleha ka SNS. Bo-makhopho, lilakane le Timko [37] fumana bopaki ba tšebeliso e mpe ea SNS har'a 9.7% ea sehlopha sa univesithi sa Amerika. Haeba sena se phahamisitsoe har'a basebelisi ba SNS ba mafolofolo, karolo ea basebelisi ba lemalloang e ka ba e phahameng haholo. Re lumela hore ena ke tataiso ea bohlokoa bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang. Phello ena e ne e boetse e bonahala ka har'a khokahano e nepahetseng pakeng tsa tšebeliso e sebetsang le khotsofalo ea bophelo le PA.

Basebelisi ba Passive sehlopheng sa taolo ba ile ba fokotseha hanyane ho NA ho T2 ha ba bapisoa le ba sehlopheng sa liteko. Leha ho le joalo, sena e ne e le sa bohlokoa feela. Vanman et al. [26] a hlahloba mehopolo ea barupeluoa mabapi le ho abeloa matsatsi a phomolo a SNS, mme ba bangata ba bonts'itse letsoalo tebello ena. Ho ka etsahala hore barupeluoa ba sehlopha sa rona sa taolo ba ile ba imoloha ha ba abeloa boemo bona, mme ba ikutloa ba sa tsotelle ho sebelisoa ha SNS bekeng e latelang ka lebaka leo. Ho ka boela ha phetoa hore, ha ba ntse ba behiloe lenaneng la ho letela ho bona matsatsi a phomolo a SNS, sena e kanna ea ba le phello ea ho etsa hore SNS e nkoe e le ea bohlokoa haholo nakong ea nakoana, e fokotse NA.

Nako e sebelisitsoeng ho SNS ha ea ka ea ikamahanya le mehato efe kapa efe ea T1 ea SWB (PA, NA, kapa khotsofalo ea bophelo). Sena ke sephetho se khahlisang, kaha thuto ea rona e bile thuto ea pele ea ho lekanya nako e sebelisitsoeng ho SNS ka nepo le ho e kopanya ka boiketlo ba subjective. Ts'ebeliso ea Passive e boetse e bonts'itse likamano tse nyane le boiketlo ba bophelo ba T1, ntle le likamano le PA kapa NA, le kamano e nyane feela e sa khotsofatseng ea khotsofalo ea bophelo. Wang et al. [22] e fumane phello e tšoanang thutong ea Chaena ea tšebeliso ea SNS feela. Lipatlisisong tsa bona, tšebeliso ea boithati e bile le phello e sa tobang boiketlong ba subjential, bo neng bo kopantsoe le papiso e holimo le boits'oaro, 'me bo tataisoa ke tloaelo ea bankakarolo ea ho nka karolo papisong le sechabeng. Ding et al. [20] e tlaleha sephetho se ts'oanang, moo mohono (sehlahisoa sa papiso e phahameng ea sechaba) o kopaneng le kamano lipakeng tsa tšebeliso ea SNS le boiketlo ba maemo a tlase, 'me sena se ne se le matla ho basali ho feta ba batona. Tromholt [25] o fumane hore ho na le molemo o fetang oa phomolo ea Facebook ha mohono oa Facebook o ne o le holimo. Patlisiso ea hajoale e kenyelelitse Facebook Envy Scale [38], joalo ka tlhahlobo ea posthoc re ile ra hlahloba menyetla ea hore mohono o ka kopanya kamano lipakeng tsa tšebeliso ea tšebeliso le boiketlo ba bophelo. Ha mohono o hokahantsoe hampe ka tšusumetso e ntle (r = -.42) le khotsofalo ea bophelo (r = -.48), ha ea ka ea hokahana le tšebeliso ea feela. Kahoo, ha ho na phello e sa tobang e neng e le teng. Wang et al.'s [22] liphetho li hlahisa menyetla e khahlisang bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao mme li fana ka maikutlo a hore setšoantšo se hlakileng se ka fumanoa ka ho kenyelletsa mehato ea ho bapisa maemo a holimo sechabeng, tloaelo ea ho bapisa sechaba le boitšepo.

Ka lebaka la botumo ba lefats'e ba SNS, lipatlisiso mabapi le kamano ea bona le SWB li na le liphetho tsa bohlokoa ho sechaba ka kakaretso. Litlamorao tsa tlhatlhobo ena ke hore basebelisi ba neng ba sebetsa ka thata, ba beha litaba tsa bona, mme ba thabela botsoalle ho SNS ba ne ba le botle ho feta basebelisi feela. Ntle le moo, ts'ebeliso e sebetsang e ne e tsamaellana hantle le khotsofalo ea bophelo le tšusumetso e ntle. Ba fumaneng boemo bo phahameng ts'ebelisong e sebetsang ba ile ba fokotseha ka tšusumetso e ntle ha ba ne ba nka matsatsi a phomolo ho SNS, ho bonts'a phello e matla ea tšebeliso ea SNS e sebetsang ka tšusumetso e ntle. Ka hona, ts'ebeliso e sebetsang e bonahala e le mokhoa o molemo ka ho fetisisa oa ho sebelisana le SNS mabapi le tšusumetso e ntle. Khato e ka bang teng e ka ba ho ruta basebelisi melemo ea tšebeliso e sebetsang, litlamorao tse mpe tsa tšebeliso ea maikutlo le litsela tsa ho ntlafatsa boiphihlelo ba bona bo botle ho SNS. Le ha mofuta oa ts'ebeliso o kanna oa itšetleha ka mefuta e meng (mohlala, botho), basebelisi ba sa tsebeng letho ba ka fumana boiphihlelo bo nepahetseng ho fana ka maikutlo mabapi le lipuisano tsa metsoalle le ho ikopanya le metsoalle ka melaetsa.

sheba mefokolo ea

Ho na le meeli e 'maloa lipatlisisong tsena. Barupeluoa ba ile ba ithaopa hobane ba batla ho nka phomolo ho tsoa ho SNS. Sena se ntlafalitse bonnete ba thuto ea tikoloho le tikoloho, ka ha batho ba ne ba tloaetse ho ikhula ka boithaopo. Leha ho le joalo, e boetse e hlahisitse monyetla oa litlamorao tsa ho ikhethela. Mohlala, barupeluoa ba rona ba kanna ba ba maemong a phahameng a ho italima, ho bolelang hore ba ka ba le semelo sa (botho) se fapaneng le bongata ka kakaretso. Liphetho tsa hajoale li tla lumellana hantle le maemo a tšoanang, moo batho ba khethang ho nka khefu ho SNS. Ha a se a buile sena, Hinsch le Sheldon [24ba fumane litlamorao tse tšoanang lithutong tsa bona tse peli, e 'ngoe e sebelisitse baithaopi ba ikhethileng, e' ngoe e arolelitse barupeluoa maemo e le karolo ea litlhoko tsa bona tsa lithuto. Kahoo, ho ikhethela (kapa che) ha ho bonahale ho le bohlokoa haholo popehong ea lipatlisiso.

Phuputso ea morao-rao ha ea ka ea fetoha ka khotsofalo ea bophelo ho tloha T1 ho ea T2. Bafuputsi ba pejana ba sebelisitse buka ea Ho khotsofatsa ka Lintho tse Thata ka Boemo ba Bophelo [12mme a e hlahisa mohatong ka mong oa thuto. Ho qoba sephetho sa ho batla ho hlahisa thepa e tšoanang khafetsa, re lekantse khotsofalo ea bophelo ka Q-LES-Q-18, re sebelisa halofo ea thepa ho T1 le halofo e 'ngoe ho T2. Ho ka etsahala hore liphetho tse fapaneng tsa khotsofalo ea bophelo thutong ea hona joale li hlahile ka khetho ea tekanyo e fapaneng, kapa mohlomong ka ho sebelisa halofo ea lintho ka nako. Mohlomong litlamorao tsa tlhoko lithutong tse fetileng li ne li hlakile ho feta thutong ea hona joale, e lebisang liphetho tse neng li lumellana haholo le tebello ea liteko.

Mohlala oa ho qetela o ne o le nyane haholo, mme ho ka etsahala hore litlamorao tse ling li ka fumanoa ka sampole e kholo. Taba ea hore barupeluoa ba tlameha ho kenya RescueTime ho lisebelisoa tsa bona e bonahala e le tšitiso ea ho nka karolo, mme ho ka etsahala hore barupeluoa ba qetileng thuto ba kanna ba ba le letsoalo le khethehileng kapa ba ikemiselitse.

Leha ho na le meeli ena, lipatlisiso tse teng hona joale li bonts'itse hore, bathong ba ka ratang ho nka matsatsi a phomolo a SNS, basebelisi ba SNS ba mafolofolo ba kanna ba ba le phello e ntle ha ba nka matsatsi a phomolo a SNS, e bonts'ang kamano ea mabaka pakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea SNS e sebetsang le tse ntle ama, ha basebelisi ba SNS ba sa tsotelleng ha ba na monyetla oa ho fumana molemo o tobileng. Sena se na le liphetho tse ngata tse khahlisang, ho kenyelletsa le hore na basebelisi ba mafolofolo ba ka ba le tšekamelo ea ho lemalla ha SNS hakae. Bakeng sa basebelisi ba fetisang molaetsa, phomolo ea SNS e kanna ea se ke ea ba tsela e nepahetseng pele. Patlisiso ea nako e tlang e ka lekola litlamorao tsa ho hohela basebelisi ba nang le ts'ebeliso e matla feela ka ts'ebetso ea ho sebelisa SNS ka mafolofolo. Ntle le moo, e ka kenyelletsa mehato ea papiso ea sechaba ho nahanisisa hore na sena se amana joang le bophelo bo botle ba boiketlo, le hore na ba bapalang boiketlo ba sechaba ba ba le keketseho ea SWB kamora phomolo ea SNS.

Barupeluoa ba leshome le metso e robong ha baa ka ba latela matsatsi a phomolo a SNS ka botlalo, leha ba thusitsoe ke RescueTime; ka lehlohonolo RescueTime e ile ea khona ho bona sena. Sena ke sehlopha se khahlang, kaha ba kanna ba ba le karabelo e matla e mpe haholo ea ho arohana le SNS. Patlisiso ea nako e tlang e ka hlahloba boemo (basebelisi kapa ba sehlahlo) ba basebelisi ba hlotsoeng ho latela nako ea phomolo le hore na sena se amana le ts'ebeliso ea SNS kapa tšebeliso e feteletseng. Ho ka ba molemo ho etsa lipatlisiso hore na ho fumaneha hore basebelisi ba mafolofolo ho ile ha fokola ka lebaka la tšebelisano e kholo le tšebeliso ea SNS har'a basebelisi ba mafolofolo haholo.

Nahanisisa

Qetellong, thuto ea hona joale e netefalitse hore ts'ebeliso ea SNS e sebetsang e amana hantle le SWB. Ntle le moo, likamano tse mpe tse boletsoeng esale pele ka tšebeliso ea boithabiso le SWB ha lia ka tsa fumanoa. Ebile, ho nka matsatsi a phomolo ho tsoa ho SNS bakeng sa beke ho ne ho le kotsi ho bathong ba mafolofolo ba nang le tšusumetso e ntle, mme ha hoa ka ha fokotseha ho ama hampe kapa ho ntlafatsa khotsofalo ea bophelo. Sephetho sena se hanana le tebello e atileng, mme se bonts'a ts'ebeliso ea SNS e ka ba molemo ho basebelisi ba mafolofolo. Re khothaletsa hore basebelisi ba ka rutoa ka melemo ea ts'ebeliso e sebetsang, le ka mekhoa ea ho ntlafatsa boiphihlelo ba bona bo nepahetseng ho SNS. Re boetse re khothaletsa hore ho fumanwa hona ho hlahlojoe ho eketsehileng ho lekola hore na basebelisi ba SNS ba sebetsang haholo ba ka ba le monyetla oa ho theoha ka lebaka la bokhoba ba SNS.

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