Curr Opin Behav Sci. Sengoloa se ngotsoeng; e fumaneha ho PMC 2015 Jul 1.
E hatisitsoe ka mokhoa o qetelle o hlophisitsoeng e le:
Curr Opin Behav Sci. Jun ea 2015; 3: 38–44.
E hatisitsoe Inthaneteng 2015 Jan 24. doi: 10.1016 / j.cobeha.2015.01.009
PMCID: PMC4486624
NIHMSID: NIHMS676768
inahaneloang
Mefuta ea lihlahisoa e hlahisitse mekhoa e fapaneng ea maemo a bophelo sechabeng le ho rarolla mathata a ho ikhetholla tikolohong ea bona. Le ha boitšoaro bo bobe e le leqheka le ka sehloohong la ho kopanya bokhoni ba botona kapa botšehali ho feta tekano, phetoho e feto-fetohang ea litsamaiso tse matla tsa ho ikatisa e etsahetse ka makhetlo a mangata ho isa ho tse hole haholo. Boitšoaro bo botle ba 'mele bo nahanoa hore bo tsamaisoa ke bokhoni ba neurobiological ba ho theha le ho boloka likamano tse ikhethileng tsa setsoalle, kapa litlamo tsa bobeli, le molekane ea tlohellang. Mekhoa ea mekhoa e metle ea maqhama a kopanyang e sebelisitsoe ka thata ho Microtine litoeba, tse bonts'ang mekhatlo e fapaneng ea sechaba. Lithuto tsena li totobalitse mesolimbic dopamine pathways, li-neuropeptides tsa setjhaba (oxytocin le vasopressin), le lits'ebetso tse ling tsa neural e le karolo ea bohlokoa tlhahisong, ho lokisoeng, le ho hlahiseng ha litlamo tsa bobeli.
Selelekela
Likamano tseo re li thehang le ba malapa, metsoalle le balekane ba lerato li bohlokoa molemong oa mokhatlo le ts'ebetso ea batho. Le ha e rarahane, litlamo tsena li kenyelletsa likarolo tsa likarolo tse ka hlahlojoang ho mefuta eohle. Monyetla o mong o motle oa ho etsa lipatlisiso molemong oa maikutlo a marang-rang ke phetoho e ikemetseng ea boitšoaro bo tlamahaneng ka bobeli ho taxa. Le ha boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano e le leano le ka sehloohong liphoofolong tsa liphoofolo (tse bonts'itsoeng ke 95-97% ea liphoofolo tse anyesang), maano a ho nyants'a batho ba bong bo fapaneng a tsoile molota ka mefuta e fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa li-invertebrates, litlhapi, liphoofolo tse holimo, liphoofolo tse anyesang, linonyana le liphoofolo tse anyesang. Lits'ebetso tsena li tšoauoa ka ho mamella, khafetsa bophelo bohle, ho ikamahanya le setsoalle pakeng tsa balekane, leha ho se kamehla khethollo ea thobalano. Maikutlo a motheo a li-bond tsena ke taba ea tlhahlobo ena.
Ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa maqhama a mabeli
Menyetla e matla ka ho fetisisa ea ho etsa lipatlisiso ka biology ea boitšoaro e mela: pele, mefuta e hole ea phylogenetically e bonts'a boits'oaro ba converter, khetlo la bobeli, mefuta e amanang haholo e bonts'a mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho fapana, 'me ea boraro, mefuta e le' ngoe e bonts'a maemo a phahameng a phapang e fapaneng ea boitšoaro. Ka har'a maemo ana, mekhoa ea ho bapisa e ka potlakisa ho tsebahatsoa ha lintlha tsa methapo ea kutlo, liphatsa tsa lefutso, nts'etsopele, le khopolo ea ho iphetola ha lintho ho tlasa boitšoaro bo hlahang [1]. Boholo ba kutloisiso ea rona ea ts'ebetso ea marang-rang ea maqhama a kopantsoeng li tsoa ho mekhoa e bapisoang maemong ohle a mararo, haholo-holo ka lipatlisiso tsa sebaka sa praemia, Microtus ochrogaster. Neurobiology ea maqhama a kopantsoeng lipuong tsa prairie e tla ba sepheo sa mantlha, empa eseng se ikhethileng, sepheo sa tlhahlobo ena.
Mofuta Microtus e na le mefuta e mengata le mekhatlo e fapaneng ea sechaba. Li-Prairie voles li bonts'a boits'oaro bo kopanetsoeng sechabeng hammoho le tlhokomelo ea motsoali ho bana, ho hlekefetsa ho basele ba bong bo fapaneng, le boits'oaro bo joalo bo sithabetsang kamora ho lahleheloa ke molekane.2 •,3]. Li-voiri tsa Prairie hape li bonts'a phapang e kholo ea litloaelo tse joalo; mohlala, ba batona le ba batšehali ba ka bonts'a mekhoa e litšila ea ho lelera.
Ho ts'oaroa ha maqhama ka bobeli ka laboratoring ho qaliloe ka tlhahlobo ea liteko tse sebelisoang ho khetha khetho eo molekane a ka ratang ho e sebelisa, eo ho eona thuto e ka sebelisang nako ea eona ka bolokolohi le molekane oa eona ea tloaetseng ea lilemong tsa bocha, motho ea amohelang litaba tsa thobalano, kapa ea ikhethileng sebakeng se 'sa nke lehlakore' [4]. Liteko tsena li bonts'itse hore kamora ho qeta lihora tse 24 tsa ho lula hammoho le balekane, li-voes tsa prairie - ho fapana le boitšoaro bo bobe ba montane kapa li-meadow - li ikamahanya le balekane ba tsona. "Litlatsetso tsa balekane" ena e bile metric ea laboratori bakeng sa sebopeho sa maqhama a mabeli, 'me mananeo a methapo ea kutlo ka hara paradigm ena a supile likarolo tse ikhethang tsa limolek'hule tsa prairie vole brain mediating khetha e ikhethileng sechabeng.
Li-neuropeptide tsa kahisano ka bonngoeng
The neuropeptides oxytocin (OT) le vasopressin (AVP) ba bolokile karolo ea bohlokoa ho laoleng boitšoaro ba batho ba ratanang le ba bong bo fapaneng ho sa tsotelleng lefu la pelo le botšehali, ho kenyeletsa le batho [5]. Ho liphoofolo tse anyesang, mokhatlo o hlophisang li-neurons tse hlahisang OT le AVP le li-projekiti tsa tsona tsa maqhubu ka har'a bokong li bolokiloe haholo, ha lipehelo tsa li-receptor tsa tsona tse fumanehang - oxytocin receptor (OTR) le arginine-vasopressin receptor 1a (AVPR1a) - li fapana haholo kahare ho mefuta le mefuta eohle [6,7]. Ts'ebetso ea plastiki ea ho iphetola ha lintho lits'ebetsong tsena ho nahanoa hore e kentse letsoho ho arohaneng ho bonngoeng hoa tlhaho [7-9].
Ts'oaetso ea OTR le AVPR1a bokong ba prairie vole e fapana haholo le mefuta e amanang le bophelo bo haufi, e nang le phapang e tebileng libakeng tsa moputso oa mesolimbic ho kenyelletsa preortal cortex (PFC), li-ventral pallidum (VP), leralral pallidum (VP), le septum ea morao-rao ( LS) [10]. Ka li-voes tsa prairie, blockade ea OTR kapa AVPR1a libakeng tsena nakong ea ho lula-kopane - ka ho khetheha OTR blockade ho NAcc kapa PFC kapa AVPR1a blockade ho LS kapa VP - e thibela li-bonding [10].
Litlhahlobo tse bapisang tse 'ne Microtine Mefuta e fumane hore mofuta o le mong oa "li-praqueous prairie" le "phaene voles" li bonts'a polelo e phahameng ea AVPR1a ho VP ha e bapisoa le maqhubu a boitšoaro bo bobe ba montane le meadow, a fana ka tlhahiso ea hore polelo e eketsehang ea AVPR1a ho VP e ka ba mochini o tlatsetsang ho iphetotseng ha maqhama a kopanang. Li-Microtine [10]. Ho ts'ehetsa hypothesis ena, overexpression ea AVPR1a ho VP ea boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba meadow e etsa hore batho ba kopane, 'me RNA ea fallisoe ke AVPR1a ho VP ea prairie voles inhibits pairing.11 •]. Leha ho le joalo, litona ka bobeli tsa monogamous le non-monogamous li na le polelo e phahameng ea AVPR1a ho VP [12], e fana ka maikutlo a hore mekhoa e mengata e kenya letsoho ho iphetola ha maano a ho nyantsha ka mokhoa o ikemetseng ho litoeba; leha ho le joalo monyetla oa hore polelo e phahameng ea AVPR1a ho VP ke karolo e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho iphetola ha monogamy e hloka hore ho etsoe lipatlisiso tse ling hape.
Joalo ka li-voes tsa prairie, bo-'mamotle ba marang-rang ba phahamisitse letsoalo la OTR ho NAcc, ha litšoene tsa monogamous tsa kopi li phahamisitse AVPR1a sebakeng sena [13,14 ••]. Litlhahlobo tsa lisele tsa motho li sebelisitse ligands boitšoaro bo bobe ho OTR le AVPR1a [15], empa ba tlalehile mathata a phahameng ho VP [16]. Ho tla ba bohlokoa ho sekaseka mefuta ea batho hape ho sebelisoa mekhoa e mahlonoko le e ikhethileng; le ha ho le joalo, ho latela tsebo ea rona, mefuta e meng le e 'ngoe ea sechaba e hlahlojoang ho fihlela joale e bonts'a polelo e phahameng ea OTR le / kapa AVPR1a ho potoloho ea NAcc-VP; datha tsena li khothaletsa lipatlisiso tse ling mabapi le taolo ea neuropeptidergic ea potoloho ena phetohong ea tlamahano ea sechaba.
OT le AVP e fetofetisisa boits'oaro ba tlamahano ka methapo e fapaneng [17]. Blockade of OTR le AVPR1a maqhubu a linaleli ka litlhapi tse nyarosang tsa cichlid li fokotsa boitšoaro bo kopanetsoeng nakong ea sebopeho sa tlamo [18], le tlhabollo ea OT ea khale e khothaletsa boitšoaro bo kopanetsoeng ho batho ba tloaelaneng le balekane ba batho ka lintja [19]. "OTR homolog mediates tabia e kopanyang mekhoabong e nyane ea qoaha.20,21 •,22]. OT le AVP li laola mokhoa oa tlamahanelo ho li-marmosets le litšoene tsa mofuta oa koporo, ka ho latellana [23-25]. Batho ba bonts'a mefuta e fapaneng ea maqhama a kopanyang, mme OXTR 'me EA-1-AVPRXNUMXA mefuta ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e amana le boemo ba kamano [26,27]; Maemo a plasma OT a bolela esale pele litekanyetso tsa katleho ea kamoso likamanong tsa lerato [28]; le ho banna ba kopantsoeng ka lerato, OT e kenelletseng e eketsa tšebetso ea NAcc ha e ntse e shebile sefahleho sa molekane mme e eketsa sebaka se ikhethileng sa batho ba batšehali ho tloha ho basali ba sa tsejoeng [29 ••,30].
Sisteme ea Mesolimbic dopamine ka sebopeho sa bonto
Lits'ebetso tsohle tsa methapo li tobana le phephetso ea ho sefa, ho fetolela le ho nchafatsa leseli le tsoelang pele la leseli la maikutlo a multimodal hore e be mekhatlo e ithutileng e tataisang boitšoaro bo feto-fetohang [8]. In vertebrates, sisteme ea moputso oa mesolimbic - e kenyelletsang khokahanong e pakeng tsa sebaka sa "ventral tegmental area" (VTA), PFC, NAcc, VP, le LS - ke sistimi e bolokiloeng ea tlhaho ea tlhaho e thusang ts'ebetso ena ka ho fana ka tšusumetso ea ho batla moputso le ho qoba ho phethola, le ka ho fana ka ho se tsotelle ho mekhoa e amanang le sephetho sena. Ketso ea dopamine (DA) ka hara sisteme ena e bohlokoa mesebetsing ena [31].
Sisteme ea mesolimbic DA e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho tlama maqhama a mabeli. Sebopeho sa khetho ea li-Partner se nolofalletsoa ke mating, e leng se eketsang tokollo ea DA le tlhahiso ho NAcc[10]. DKetso ho e 'ngoe ea li-receptors tsa eona tse reretsoeng, D2R, ho NAcc ea hlokahala bakeng sa ho theha bond [10]. Kamora ho tlamahana, moamoheli oa bobeli oa DA, D1R, o ngolisitsoe ho NAcc mme o bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka tlamo ka ho phephetsa moferefere ho basele ba bong bo fapaneng [32].
D1R e ntseng e eketseha: Keketseho ea mats'oao a D2R ho ventral striatum le eona e kentsoe tšebelisong ea lithethefatsi le tlhekefetso [33]. Ho litoeba, taolo e pheta-phetoang ea koae e eketsa tekanyo ea D1R: polelo ea D2R ho NAcc, 'me tlhophiso ena e kopanya polasetiki e latelang ea boits'oaro. Joalokaha ho se ho boletsoe, ka li-voes tsa prairie, bonding e eketsa palo ea D1R: polelo ea D2R ho NAcc, mme tlhophiso ena e kopanya polasetiki e latelang ea boits'oaro [32]. Lintlha tsena li kentse letsoho khopolong ea hore maqhama a mabeli a emetse litabatabelo tsa balekane pakeng tsa balekane, tse arotsoeng ka karolo ke mokhatlo le boits'oaro ba mesolimbic DA litseleng. [33]. Boithuto ba monkey ea zebra finch le mouwane oa koporo bo boetse bo tlalehile ho hlophisoa bocha libakeng tsa moputso oa mesolimbic kamora ho theha maqhama, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore polasetiki ea neural litseleng tsena e ka ba karolo e bolokiloeng ea ho iphetola ha lintho ka mefuta ea tsona [34,35].
Mekhahlelo ea likarolo le lits'ebetso tse ling ho theheng maqhama a mabeli
Mekhahlelo e mengata ea karolo e kenya letsoho ho kopaneng. Tšebelisano ea mantlha ea sechaba e itšetlehile ka ho mamella ho atamelana ha sechaba, mokhoa oa sechaba, le tšitiso ea boitšoaro ba ho qoba / ho lahla. Ha balekane ba sebelisana, boits'oaro bo kopanetsoeng, tlhokomeliso ea sechaba le litsamaiso tsa moputso li kenya letsoho ho theheng tlamo ea bonto. Kamora ho tlamahana, ho phethola botsoalle, ho lebela molekane, ho ama hampe nakong ea karohano, le mohopolo oa boiketlo ba sechaba o nolofalletsa tlamo.
Microtine mefuta e fapana ka ho mamella le ho hokahana, mohlomong ka karolo ka lebaka la liphapang tsa mokhatlo oa mesolimbic D1R. Liketorong tsa prairie, tse nang le maemo a tlase a motheo a NAcc D1R, boitlamo bo matlafalitsoeng ba NAcc D1R bo lumellanya phetoho e matla boits'oarong ho batho bao ba sa boneng le ba bong bo fapaneng (ho tloha kopanong ho qoba / ho hana), le ho khetha NAcc D1R ts'ebetso nakong ea kopanelo-inhibits bonding [10]. Li-voles tsa mehendi, tse nang le methapo e phahameng ea mantlha ea Nacc D1R mme e sa amanngane, e khetha NAcc D1R thibela e eketsa boitšoaro bo kopanetsoeng [10]. Litšebelisong tsa zebra, ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea mesolimbic DA e lumellana le tsela ea ho qoba, ea ho qoba, le boitšoaro bo kopanetsoeng nakong ea ts'ebelisano ea banna le basali [36], e fana ka tlhahiso ea hore litsela tse tsamaeang le mesolimbic DA li ka fetolela mamello ea sechaba le kamano ho mefuta eohle.
Ho kopanya maqhama ho boetse ho itšetleha ka ho amoheloa sechabeng, ketso ea neural eo, ka litoeba, e thehiloeng ho tlholeho mme e itšetlehileng ka ho saena hoa OT le AVP. Li-OTR li tsamaisoa ka ho sebetsa ka matla linthong tsa litoeba, ha li ntse li le litorolong - moo tlhahlobo le pono li leng matla mebileng ea maikutlo - li-OTR li hlahisoa libakeng tse bohlokoa bakeng sa ho shebella le ho liha mantsoe, li fana ka tlhahiso ea hore ho supa ha OT ho ka fetolela likarolo tsa ts'ebetso ea kutlo mefuta, leha mekhoa e itseng e ka fapana [13,14 ••,37]. E lumellana le khopolo-taba ena, polymorphisms ea motho ho OXTR ho tseba bokhoni ba ho lemoha lifahleho, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore karolo ea OT ho kamohelo ea sechaba e kanna ea bolokoa lipakeng tsa litoeba le batho, ka methapo ea kutlo [38 ••].
Lisebelisoa tse eketsehileng tsa neural li buisana ka likarolo tse eketsehileng tsa ho theha maqhama le tlhokomelo. Ho etsa lets'oao la opioid ho bohlokoa nakong ea ho ithuta ka moputso le ho laola ho theha le ho hlokomela litlamo tsa maqhubu a libaka tsa mabotho, mohlomong ka ho kenyelletsa li-hedonics tse ntle nakong ea ho etsoa le ho ba le li-hedonics tse mpe nakong ea accompenance [39 •,40]. Ts'ebetso ea corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) e thusa ho theha maqhama a mabeli le boits'oaro bo sithabetsang bo latelang karohano / tahlehelo ea molekane [3,41]. Ho sebeletsa sechaba ka sechaba ho thusa ho boloka tlamo; libakeng tsa thoririe, kamora boiphihlelo bo sithabetsang, ho lokolloa ha OT ka pel'a molekane ho fokotsa maemo a lihormone tsa khatello ea maikutlo le boits'oaro bo joalo ka ho tšoenyeha [42 •]. Ka tlholeho, tlhokomelo ea bonto e itšetleha ka ho hopola ka nepo tikoloho ea molekane. Boithuto ba morao-rao ba masimong bo bonts'itse hore OTR le AVPR1a e kopanyang methapo libakeng tsa ho sesa / libaka tsa memori li bolela esale pele tšebeliso ea sebaka, leano la ho hola ('moahi' kapa 'mohoebi') le katleho ea ho ikatisa libakeng tsa maqhubu a tumello, mohlomong ka ho tsamaisa tlhahisoleseling ea litaba tsa sechaba (mohlala, libaka. ea molekane, baphadisani ba tsoalo, le / kapa menyetla ea ho ba le bana) ho ba limmapa tsa libaka [43,44,45 •].
Mefuta e meng ea khokahano e ikhethileng ea sechaba (mohlala, litlamo tsa bo-mme) li hloka likarolo tse tšoanang tsa neural le likarolo tsa karolo - haholo-holo OT, DA, CRF, opioids le ho amoheloa sechabeng - joalo ka litlamo tse ikhethileng pakeng tsa balekane.[17]. Ha e le hantle, ho nahanoa hore matla a kopantsoeng a basali a ka fetoha ka ho hokahanya litsamaiso tsa tlamahano tsa khale tsa tlhabollo ea mosali nakong ea likamano tsa botona le botšehali ho hlahisa maqhama a ikhethileng le molekane oa hae [46,47].
Boiphihlelo le maqhama a kopaneng
Liketong tsa thoriso, joalo ka batho, tikoloho ea bophelo ba pejana e ka ama maqhama a batho ba baholo [48], ketsahalo e ka 'nang ea emisoa ke liphetoho tsa neuroplastic lits'ebetsong tse bohlokoa bakeng sa tlamahano. E lumellana le mohopolo ona, ts'ebetso ea bophelo ba bongoaneng ea "melanocortin receptor" (MCR), e sebelisanang le li-neuropeptide le li-system tsa moputso, e thusa ho theha maqhama a matla a mabeli ha a se a le moholo.49]. Ika lehlakoreng le leng, ho khetha ts'ebetso ea D1R ka neonates ho senya botsitso ba batho ba baholo [50]. Ho makatsang ke hore, taolo e sa fetoheng ea neonatal ea OT ka litekanyetso tse ling e fumanoe e sitisa tlamahano ea maqhama a matla a batho ba baholo ba banna [51]; leha ho le joalo, ho ntlafatsa polelo ea NAcc OTR ho basali ba pele ho selemo ho thusa ho tiisa maqhama a batho ba baholo [52], le khaello ea bo-ntate lilemong tsa bocha (ho qhekella hoo ho ka fokotsang sesupo sa OT) ho sitisa tlamahano ea litlamo tsa batho ba baholo le liemahale tsa mandarin [48,53]. Lintlha tsena li khothaletsa lipatlisiso tse ling mabapi le karolo ea boiphihlelo ba bongoaneng le ho saena hoa OT mosebetsing oa batho ba baholo. Ho khahlisang, ho thibela deacetylation nakong ea kopanyo ho eketsa NAcc OTR le polelo ea AVPR1a le ho nolofalletsa ho hokahana ha li-voiri tsa prairie, ho fana ka tlhahiso ea hore phetoho ea epigenetic ke mokhoa o le mong moo boiphihlelo bo ka bopang litsamaiso tsa neural modulating bonding [54].
Joalo ka bathong, lithethefatsi tsa tlhekefetso li sitisa bokhoni ba ho theha maqhama a boithabiso libakeng tsa boithabiso, ka mohlomong ka lebaka la liphetoho tsa polasetiki lipotolohong tse ka tlase tsa neural. Li-voes tsa prairie, ntlafatso ea amphetamine e khothalletsoang ea D1R e thibela tlamahano; mme kamora ho tlamahana, D1R e ts'oaroa hape mme e kenyelletsa ho fokotseha ha boleng ba moputso oa li-amphetamines (ka mokhoa o makatsang, ketsahalo e khutlisitsoeng ke kalafo ea OT) [55-57]. Ho khahlisang, tšebeliso ea boomo ea boithaopo e thibela ho tlamahana ho banna empa eseng basali ba tlhotloang, mme ho tsamaisoa ha sechaba le thibelo ea tšebeliso ea lino tse tahang ho etsahala ka bong bo le bong empa eseng basali ba batona le ba batšehali. [58,59].
Liphetho le tataiso ea bokamoso: lebanteng la marang-rang la maqhama a mabeli
Li-circuits tse tloaelehileng tsa neural, li-neuromodulators, li-receptors le liphetoho tsa neuroplastic li laola ho ikamahanya le maemo ho khethollo ea mefuta ho mefuta eohle. Likopanong tsa thorisoe, ho nahanoa hore mokhatlo o ikhethileng oa OTR, AVPR1a, le D1R / D2R bokapele ba sefahleho bo thusa ho kenya ts'ebeliso e ikhethang ea lintlha tse amanang le balekane nakong ea puisano. Mohlala oa rona oa hajoale (joalo ka ha o bontšitsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 1) ke hore nakong ea ho emoloa, DA e lokolla modulates ho ithuta ka moputso le ho thella ha litheko tse amanang le balekane, ha OT le AVP e lokolla ho fetisoa le ho kenyeletsoa hoa mohala hoa senotlolo sa maikutlo sa molekane ka ho potoloha li-circuits, ho amygdala, 'me qetellong ho NAcc-VP potoloho moo e kopantsoeng le moputso oa ho tlolelana, e arolelanoang ka karolo ke D2R le μ-opioid receptor activation. Li-circuits tsena li fetoloa ka nako e ts'oanang ke sephetho se phahameng sa sephetho sa sephetho le liphetho tsa cue-sephetho sa PFC le Orbitofrontal cortex. Kamora ho theha tlamo, tokiso ea D1R ho NAcc e khetholla li-circuits tsena ho kenya li-signature tse sa tsejoeng tsa boiketsetso e le mokhoa oa ho qoba le ho lahla boitšoaro / ho lahla; Ho lokolloa ha OT ka pela tšebetso ea molekane ke ntho e amohelang botsoalle; le ho ama maikutlo a fosahetseng ka nako ea CRF nakong ea karohano ho khothaletsa ho kopana hape.
Litsamaiso tsa Neurobiological mediading boits'oaro ba tlamahano. Schematic ena e bonts'a mohlala oa neural netweke oa ho theha maqhama a marang-rang le tokiso ho latela lithuto lithutong tsa mahaeng. Moetso o totobatsa li-axonal tsa bohlokoa tsa li-axonal, li-neuromodulators le baahi ba receptor ba kopaneng. Metsu ea Maroon e bonts'a lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa ho kenella ka mekhoa e meng ea sechaba e kenang. Motsu o moputsoa o emela likhakanyo tsa axonal tse fetisang tlhahisoleseling ho tsoa libakeng tsa boko nakong ea tlamahano. Motsu o motšo o emela likhakanyo tsa axonal ho theoha ka sekhahla sa koloi e lebisang boitsong. Joalo ka ha ho bonts'a leano la lipalo, likhakanyo tsa mebala tse nang le likatara tse tšoeu tse koetsoeng li bonts'a likhakanyo tsa neuromodulatory (dopamine-green; oxytocin-pink; vasopressin-putsoa) tse fetisang phetiso le ho kenyeletsoa ha tlhahisoleseling nakong ea kopanelo. Baahi ba li-receptor ba 'nileng ba ameha ho bopeng kapa ho lokiseng litlamo tsa para ea maqhubu a praemia ba bontšoa ke mebala e tiileng kahare ho likarolo tsa bokong. Li-neci tsa bohlokoa tsa neural li bontšoa ka li-labels tse khutsufalitsoeng (BLA, basolateral amygdala; CPu, caudate putamen; latOFC, lateral orbitofrontal cortex; LS, lateral septum; MeA, medial amygdala; mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; NAcc, nucleus accumbens; PVN nucleus ea hypothalamus; VP, ventral pallidum; VTA, sebaka sa ventral tegmental).
Ka moralo ona oa mantlha o teng, lithuto tsa nako e tlang li lokela ho ikemisetsa ho khetholla li-neuronal phenotypes tse tsamaisang lits'ebetso tsa karolo ena, khokahano ea tsona ka har'a marang-rang a ts'ebetso ea tlhahisoleseling, le hantle hore na li-neurotransmitters tse fapaneng li sebetsa joang ka botlalo. Papiso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, ea tlhaho le ea boitšoaro ha e bapisoa le mefuta eohle; optogenetic le electrophysiological lipotso tsa li-circuits tse hlakileng tsa neural mefuteng ea liphoofolo; le lithuto tse sebetsang tsa kelello tsa batho ho ka etsahala li tla fana ka leseli la bohlokoa taolong ea methapo ea kutlo ea likamano tse ikhethileng tsa botsoalle lilemong tse tlang.
Liteboho
Bangoli ba ka rata ho amohela tšehetso ho tsoa ho National Institutes of Health Grants R01MH096983 le 1P50MH100023 ho LJY le OD P51OD11132 ho YNPRC.
Mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe
Khohlano ea polelo ea thahasello
Ha ho letho le phatlalalitsoeng.
Likarabo le ho bala ho khothalletsoang
Lingoloang tsa lithahasello tse khethehileng, tse phatlalalitsoeng nakong ea tlhahlobo, li hlakisitsoe e le:
• ea lithahasello tse khethehileng
•• ea thahasello e ikhethang
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