Monyaluoa H Peters
inahaneloang
Sepheo: Tlhahlobo ena e ikemiselitse ho akaretsa kakaretso ea lipatlisiso tse hlahisang litlamorao tsa bophelo bo botle ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete ho basebelisi ba eona. E shebisisa bokhoni ba boloi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, tšusumetso ho boitšoaro ba thobalano le bophelo ba kelello.
Mekhoa: Lingolo tse amehang mabapi le litlamorao tsa bophelo bo botle ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete li ile tsa hlahlojoa. Lisebelisoa li fumanoe litsing tsa kokelo tse kang PubMed le JSTOR.
Liphetho: Tlhahlobo ena e fumana bopaki ba bohlokoa ba matla a ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, e netefatsa hore ho nahaneloa lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa joalo ka tlhahlobo ea bongaka. Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li ka boela tsa hlaolela litumelo tse fosahetseng, tsa ama ts'ebetso ea thobalano ea basebelisi ba tsona mme tsa ba le karolo e itseng ho khothaletseng boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano. Bophelo bo botle ba kelello le litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho bonahala li e-na le setsoalle se tsamaeang le melao e mengata.
Sephetho: Litlamorao tsa bophelo bo botle ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li atile ebile li tsepame. Ha ho nahanoa hore na mecha ea phatlalatso ke eng e makatsang, ho ka ba le litlamorao tsa bohlokoa lithutong tsena.
Background
Keketseho ea inthanete e khothalletse kholo ea indasteri ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa haholo. [1] Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li fumaneha habonolo ebile li hasantsoe haholo ho feta leha e le neng pele, li ikarabella bakeng sa kotara ea lipatlisiso tsohle tsa inthanete le 1.5% ea liwebsaete tsohle. [2] Leha ho le joalo, kholo ena ha e tle ntle le ho tsotella. Temo ea tlhekefetso ea thobalano, ho hlonama le bophelo bo botle ba kelello ke tse ling tsa liqoso tse makatsang tse hlahisitsoeng khahlanong le indasteri ena. [1,3,4] Ho latela hore karolo ea 84% ea ba batona ba Australia le 23% ea basali ba lilemo tse 16-25 ba sebelisa mecha ea phatlalatso letsatsi le letsatsi kapa beke le beke, [5] haeba liqoso tsena li tšoere metsi, li ka ba le litlamorao tse kholo le tse atileng. Tlhahlobo e latelang e ikemiselitse ho akaretsa lipatlisiso mabapi le litlamorao tsa bophelo bo botle ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho basebelisi ba bona.
Tšebeliso e litšila ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho lemalla
Ho na le ngangisano e kholo mabapi le hore na litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li na le matla a ho lemalla le hore na li ea teng, hore na li ka bapisoa le mathata a mang a bokhoba ba ho lemalla (mohlala, joala, papali ea papali ea chelete). [6] Liphetoho tsena tsa bokhoba ba tahi bo ikemiselitseng li bonts'oa ke mekhoa le mekhoa e mengata e fapaneng ea boits'oaro. Tsena li kenyelletsa empa ha li felle ho: (a) ho se tsebe ho laola taolo ea ntho / ntho e hlekefetsoang; (b) litlamorao tse mpe tse bakoang ke ts'ebeliso (mohlala, kamano, maemo a bophelo, mosebetsi kapa mathata a sekolo); (c) ho sitoa ho emisa tšebeliso ea eona leha ho bile le litlamorao tse mpe; le (d) ho ameha ka ntho e ngata kapa ntho e hlekefetsang. [7] Matšoao ana a ntse a tlalehoa le ho feta ho bakuli ba llang ka tšebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. [6]
Ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha hona joale ke bokuli bo amoheloang ka tloaelo ho DSM-V kapa ICD-10, leha ho le joalo, ho ata ha liphumano tsena ho lebisitse tšebeliso e pharalletseng ea Tšebeliso ea Litšoantšo tsa Bootsoa e le Tlhatlhobo e sebetsang. Boithuto bo bongata bo boletsoeng pampiring ena bo hapile bakuli ba belaelloang hore ba na le lefu lena. Ha ho lumellanoe ka litlhaloso tsa pherekano ena, empa joalo ka litlatsetso tse ling, mekhoa e boletsoeng ka holimo ke tšobotsi [7]. Khang e atisang ho hanana le tšebeliso ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e le bothata ba bongaka ke taba ea hore matšoao ana a bontša ts'oaetso e kholo ea thobalano bathong ba bang mme ha e khothalletse tšenyo ea maikutlo. Ka lebaka la ngangisano ena, bafuputsi ba lekile ho etsa papiso e tobileng lipakeng tsa batho ba belaelloang ka tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa bootsoa le ba lemalloang ke lintho tseo ho hlalosoang hantle le ho theoa (mohlala, joala). E 'ngoe ea matšoao a bokuli ba tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi ke takatso e eketsehang ea ntho ntle le thabo e lekantsoeng ho tsoa ts'ebelisong ea eona. [8] Ka fMRI neuroimaging sena se ka bonoa e le karabelo e tlase ea karabelo ea dopamine ha boko bo amohela litlamorao tsa eona. [6] Ho fumanoe tse tšoanang ho bakuli ba nang le lipelaelo tse tsosang takatso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Takatso ea bona ea boralitaba bona e feta litlamorao tse khahlisang ho bona [9] mme liphetoho tsa fMRI li tšoana le tsa bakuli ba nang le mathata a mang a tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi. [10] Boithuto bo fumane lintlha tse theotsoeng lihlooho tsa bohlooho ka har'a tokelo ea "caudate" le ts'ebetso e felisitsoeng ho ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka tšohanyetso. [11] Bakuli bana ba kanna ba ba le maemo a ntseng a eketseha a tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, a tšehetsang khopolo ea hore ho mamella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho ka hlaha. [12]
Ntho e ka sehloohong e khahlanong le liphumano tsena ke hore molumo o fokotsoang ke litheko ke ntho e tlang pele, eseng lebaka la ts'ebeliso e litšila ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. [12] Moetso ona o pheha khang ea hore batho bao ka tlhaho ba theohileng ka mokhoa o hlakileng ba hloka ho susumetsoa bakeng sa likarabo tsa dopaminergic. Ka hona ba na le menyetla e mengata ea ho sheba litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso. Ka mofuta ona, ba nang le palo e fokotsehileng ea litheko ba lokela ho khona ho fumana litlamorao tse felletseng tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, leha ho hlokahala tse ngata. [12] Leha ho le joalo, ha ho bonahale ho na le kamano ena e ntle e nepahetseng ea phello pakeng tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le thabo. [10] Ntle le moo, lithuto tsa fMRI tsa laboratori li bonts'itse hore ho shebella litšoantšo tsa thobalano khafetsa ho ka baka taolo ea mekhoa ea moputso oa boko. [14] Sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li ka bapala karolo ea bohlokoa taolong ea li-striatum. Kamano ea karabo ea tekanyetso ea phuputso ena e sa ntse e lokela ho thehoa, 'me ho ntse ho sa hlaka hore na liphetho tsena li fumaneha ho basebelisi ba boleng bo phahameng kapa ba nang le mabaka a mang a kotsi.
Boikarabello ba botona le botšehali le boitšoaro ba thobalano
Qoso e 'ngoe e entsoeng khahlanong le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ke bokhoni ba eona ba ho khothaletsa maikutlo le boits'oaro bo fosahetseng, haholoholo ho banna. Thutong ea lithuto tse 135 mabapi le sehlooho sena, ho fumanoe hore mecha ea litaba ea thobalano, eo litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li kenyellelitsoeng ka kotloloho e amana le "litumelo tsa botona le botšehali… le mamello e kholo ea tlhekefetso ea thobalano ho basali" ho banna. [15] Mecha ea phatlalatso e ka bapala karolo ea ho sebeletsa ho hlahisa maikutlo a tšehetsang boikemisetso ba basali, mehopolo ea bapatriareka le ho lumella ho hlekefetsoa ha basali. [1] Kopano ena e kholo haholo ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li fumaneha lilemong tsa bocha ba lilemo (lilemo tse 12-14). [16] Patlisiso ea nako e telele sebakeng sena e ea fokola, ka hona liphetho tsena li ka fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba nang le maikutlo ana ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa haholo ha e ntse e tiisa tumelo ea bona. Ho feta moo, haeba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li tla ba le karolo ea ho holisa maikutlo a botona le botšehali, hore na maikutlo ana a tsoela pele joang ho susumetsa tšebelisano le ba bang ha ho bonolo ebile ho thata ho a tseba.
Patlisiso e lekang ho fumana tšusumetso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ka likamano tsa botona le botšehali e hanana haholo. Khopolo e atileng ke hore pefo e pepesitsoeng linthong tsa eona e nyenyefatsa bashebelli ka ho hlekefetsoa ka thobalano, e eketsa tekanyo ea bona ea ho etsa litlolo tsa thobalano. . [17] Tsena li kenyelletsa: nalane ea pefo ea lelapa, kholiseho ea moetlo e khothaletsang borena ba banna le ho ba matla, maikutlo a ho amohela pefo le maikutlo a se nang botho ka thobalano. [3,18] Tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho batho bana ba kotsing e kholo e amahanngoa le ho ata ha ho kenella ka hare ha setho sa botšehali, sa molomo le sa dijithale, lipuo tse mabifi tsa thobalano le thobalano le liphoofolo. [1] Patlisiso ena e phephetsa khang ea karolo e bohloko ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa - hore ts'ebeliso ea eona e ka fokotsa ho ata ha tlolo ea molao ea thobalano e etsoang ho banna ha litabatabelo tsena tsa thobalano li etsoa ka tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Karolo e sebetsang ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho khothaletsa tlhekefetso ea thobalano e thehiloe hantle ho batho ba nang le mabaka a mang a tlhekefetso ea thobalano, leha ho le joalo, khokahano ea mabaka lipakeng tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le tlhekefetso ea thobalano ho basebelisi ba bangata ha e ea thehoa ka matla ebile e tsekisanoa haholo. [19] Ka hona, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ka bapala karolo ea ho khothaletsa le ho netefatsa maikutlo a etsang hore banna ba bang ba hlekefetse basali, leha ho le joalo, e ka ba le phello e ntle ho banna le ntle le mabaka a mang a tlokotsi bakeng sa boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano. [1] Ho na le litšitiso tse ngata tsa ho etsa lipatlisiso potsong ena, ho sa natsoe hore na tlhekefetso ea thobalano le tlhekefetso ea litaba ke tsa mofuta o joang.
Le ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li kanna tsa ba le karolo e lekanyelitsoeng ea ho hlohlelletsa boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano ho banna ba bangata, ho fokotsoa ha libido le ts'ebeliso erectile li atile ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. [21] Phuputsong ea banna ba lilemong tsa bocha, 16% ea ba neng ba sebelisa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso hangata ka beke ba tlaleha takatso e tlase ea thobalano, ha ba bapisoa le 0% ea ba sa kang ba e etsa. [22] Mathata a mang a ts'ebetso ea thobalano a amanang le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa a kenyelletsa ho ba le mathata a bophelo bo botle, ho fokotseha ha monate oa likamano tsa botona le botšehali, khotsofalo e fokolang ea thobalano le kamano le khetho ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ka thobalano. c [23] Ho hloka taolo ea Erectile ho boetse ho amahanngoa le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa 'me ha e le teng, hangata ho etsahala nakong ea likamano tsa botona le botšehali tsa thobalano, empa eseng linthong tse amanang le thobalano. [10] Ba batona ba sebelisang litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho tsosa takatso ea botona kapa ea botšehali ho ka etsahala hore ebe sesosa sa liphetho tsena. Leha ho le joalo, ho khaotsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho na le li-account tse ngata tse tlalehiloeng e le kalafo e sebetsang bakeng sa bakuli ba nang le khatello ea thobalano, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore e boetse e bapala karolo ea mabaka maemong ana. [24,25] Phuputso e ngoe e telele e fumane hore ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e na le. Karolo ea bohlokoa litabeng ea ho bolela esale pele boleng bo bobe ba lenyalo. Ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha ea ka ea fumanoa feela e le sehlahisoa sa ho se khotsofale lenyalong, empa e le sesosa sa ho se khotsofale ho joalo. Mecha ea phatlalatso e ne e le moetapele oa bobeli oa pele ea boleng bo bobe lenyalong thutong, a latela feela boleng ba lenyalo qalong ea thuto. Litlamorao tsena li eketseha khafetsa tšebelisong ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa 'me li bonahala li sebetsa ho banna ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa eseng basali. [26]
Bophelo ba kelello
Ka thahasello e ntseng e eketseha ea sechaba sa rona sa bophelo bo botle ba kelello, tšusumetso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa sebakeng sena e ntse e etsoa lipatlisiso. Ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e amana haholo le mathata a bophelo bo botle ba kelello, ho jeoa ke bolutu, ho itšepa ho se hokae le boleng ba bophelo bo fokotsehileng. [5,27,28,29] Patlisiso ea Australia ea bacha ba 914 e fumane hore ba tlalehileng mathata a bophelo bo botle ba kelello likhoeling tse 6 tse fetileng ba na le menyetla ea ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa bonyane hang ka beke ho feta ba sa kang ba etsa joalo. [52] Ho ipholla litho tsa marang-rang tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho boetse ho amahanngoa ka matla le ho se khotsofale bophelong ba inthanete le maikutlo a ts'ehetso e mpe ea sechaba. [5] Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li ka bapala karolo ea sena kamanong ena, empa ka tsela e ts'oanang, e ka ba mokhoa oo bacha ba ikemiselitseng ho thusa ho itlosa bolutu. Ha re sheba mofuta oa tlhoko ea kamano ena, patlisiso e hatisitsoeng pejana selemong sena e fumane hore ho pepesetsoa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso bongoaneng e ne e le sesosa sa ho nyahama le ho itšepa bophelong ba kamoso. [29] Ka lehlakoreng le leng, phuputso e telele e boetse e fumane hore maikutlo a tlase a ho itšepa le ho tepella ho batona ba lilemong tsa bocha ke boloi ba tšebeliso e qobelloang ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. [30] Hore na bophelo bo botle ba kelello le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li khothatsana hakae ha ho tsejoe. Ho ata ha litaba tsa phatlalatso ena ho etsa hore ho be thata ho tsamaisa liteko tsa nako e telele tšimong ena. Patlisiso e eketsehileng ea ho lekola melemo ea kalafo ea ho khaotsa ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho bakuli ba nang le mathata a bophelo bo botle ba kelello e ka ba molemo haholo tleleniking.
fihlela qeto e
Le ha lipatlisiso tse ngata tse mabapi le litlamorao tse amanang le bophelo bo botle ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ntse li sa bonahale, ho ntse ho e-na le ngongoreho e matla le e tiiselitsoeng mabapi le media ena. Lekala lena le ka una molemo haholo lithutong tse ling tsa bolelele bo telele tse hlakisang karolo ea sepheo sa ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho khothaletsa litaba tsa bophelo bo botle tse boletsoeng kaholimo. Ts'ebeliso e matla ea media ena e sebetsa e le tšitiso lithutong tse laoloang lefapheng lena, empa e boetse e hatisa tlhokeho ea lipatlisiso tse ling, ha ho nahanoa ka litlamorao tse tebileng tsa kliniki liphetho tseo e ka bang le tsona. Ntle le moo, indasteri ena e fetohile haholo lekholong lena la lilemo le keketseho ea inthanete, mme litlamorao tse felletseng tsa sena li kanna tsa bonahala.
Liteboho
Koshy Matthew & Tim Hanna.
Likhohlano tsa thahasello
Ha ho letho le boletsoeng.
Ngollano
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