Comments: Pampiri e qaqileng, e nang le linyeoe tse 'ne tsa bongaka, e ngotsoe ke ngaka ea mafu a kelello e ileng ea hlokomela litlamorao tse mpe tsa inthanete tseo a bileng le tsona ho bakuli ba hae ba batona. Bonyane ba taba ea ho kenella le ea bongaka # 1 e hlahisoa ka tlase. Nyeoe ena e hlalosa monna ea lilemo li 31 ea neng a tloaetse ho shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea botona kapa botšehali a bile a e-na le litakatso tsa thobalano le mathata a ho kopanela liphate. Ena ke e 'ngoe ea lipampiri tsa pele tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka ho hlahisa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse lebisang ho mamelleng, ho nyoloha, le mathata a thobalano.
Kalman, Thomas P.
Koleji ea Bongaka ea Weill-Cornell, New York City, NY, USA. [imeile e sirelelitsoe]
Sengoloa sa American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry 36, che. 4 (2008): 593-618.
inahaneloang
Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, haeba li utloisisoa ho kenyelletsa litšoantšo tsa thobalano, litho, le liphihlelo, mohlomong li tsofetse joalo ka tsoelo-pele ea motho ka boeona. Nalane e hokahaneng le boqapi bo fapaneng ba mahlale a morao-rao, ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa mehleng ea Marang-rang e fihlile ka bongata, ka palo e kholo ea batho ba nkang monyetla oa ho fihlella, ho ba le monyetla, 'me ho nkoa e le ho se tsebe ho bala thepa ea thobalano inthaneteng. Ka har'a lipatlisiso tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello lipatlisiso tse ngata li teng ka litlamorao tsa ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka kakaretso; leha ho le joalo, litlamorao tse khethollang lenyalo la litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le cyberports li se li qala ho hlahlojoa. Ntle le ho sekaseka lintlha tse ling tsa nalane le lipalo mabapi le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le lingoliloeng tse amehang tsa kelello le kelello, ho fanoa ka li-vignette tse 'ne tsa tlhahlobo ho bonts'a mefuta ea mathata a amanang le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng e hlahisoang ho lingaka tsa kelello.
Bonyane ba kenyelletso
Lilemong tsa bo-1980 le bo-1990, lithuto tse ngata li ile tsa etsoa litšoantšong tsa bootsoa (e seng tsa inthanete). Leha ho na le liphapang lipakeng tsa barutehi mabapi le bonnete le mekhoa ea bona, lithuto tsena li fana ka liqeto tsa bohlokoa mabapi le litlamorao tsa ho pepesehela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Moemeli oa borutehi bona ke lithuto tse tsebahalang tsa bafuputsi Dolf Zillman le Jennings Bryant, bao lipatlisiso tsa bona li neng li kenyelletsa taolo e pepesitsoeng ea lisebelisoa tsa bootsoa ba sebelisa maemo a liteko (Zillman & Bryant, 1982; Zillman & Bryant, 1988). Mosebetsing oa bona, ba fumane likamano lipakeng tsa ho pepesehela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le: (1) ho hloka kutloelo-bohloko ho basali; (2) ho bebofatsa peto; (3) maikutlo a fosahetseng ka thobalano; (4) takatso e matla ea mefuta e meng e sa tloaelehang le e makatsang ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (ho eketseha le ho lemalla); (5) ho nyenyefatsa bohlokoa ba ho nyala mosali a le mong; hape, (6) e fokotse khotsofalo ka ts'ebeliso ea thobalano ea molekane, lerato le chebahalo ea 'mele.
Tlhahlobo e felletseng ea thuto eohle mabapi le litlamorao tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka kakaretso le liqabang tse amanang le eona e entsoe ke Manning (2006) mme e ke ke ea phetoa mona, empa tlhahlobo ea hae e latela:
Ka bokhutšoanyane, lipatlisiso li senola hore tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro [ka kakaretso] e amahanngoa le liphetho tse ngata tse mpe tse amanang le ts'ebetso ea motho ka mong. Lipatlisiso, ho kenyeletsoa litlhahlobo tsa meta [Allen, D'Allesio, & Brezgel, 1995; Oddone-Paolucci, Genius, & Violeto, 2000], bonts'a ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e amahanngoa le kotsi e eketsehileng ea (a) kheloho ea thobalano, (b) tlhekefetso ea thobalano, (c) ho ba le bothata likamanong tsa motho tse haufi, (d) ho amohela litšomo tsa peto, le (e) tlhekefetso ea boits'oaro le thobalano. (leq. 137)
Ho na le lingoliloeng tse ngata tsa borutehi tse mabapi le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa inthanete lithutong tse ngata, joalo ka psychology, psychiatry, sociology, puisano, lithuto tsa bong le thobalano ea batho. Leha ho le joalo, leha ho na le likhopolo-taba tse pharalletseng, ha ho tumellano e hlakileng e hlahileng lithutong tsena mabapi le khokahano ea litaba tsa bootsoa le cybertechnology le phello ea eona ho bophelo bo botle ba kelello, likamano tsa batho, kapa bophelo bo botle ba thobalano le khotsofalo. Ho hlakile hore tokisetso ea inthanete ea litaba tsa thobalano e kenyelletsa melemo e mengata ho batho ka bomong le sechabeng, ho kenyeletsoa le ho fumaneha ha tlhaiso-leseling bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea bophelo bo botle ba botona le botšehali (ke hore, ka lithibela-pelehi, mafu a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano, tšebetso e tloaelehileng ea thobalano le kaheho ea 'mele), thuso le likeletso , le lipatlisiso tsa mahlale. Bakeng sa ba bangata, Marang-rang a thusa ho hola hantle ka tsebo ea botona le botšehali, matla le bophelo ba litoro. Leha ho le joalo, lingaka tsa kelello li ntse li kopana le litlaleho tsa lipale tsa mathata a amanang le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete. Ho phaella moo, lipatlisiso tse ngata le litlaleho tsa boipheliso tsa liphihlelo tse nang le mathata li phatlalalitsoe, ho fana ka ts'ehetso ho matšoenyeho a hore tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng e ka ba e rarahaneng ho feta monate o hloekileng (Cooper, Putnam, Planchon & Boies, 1999; Meerkerk, Van de Eijnden, & Garretsen, 2006; Mitchell, Becker-Blease, & Finkelhor, 2005; Mitchell, Finkelhor, & Becker-Blease, 2007). Ha ho hlake hore na litlamorao tsa ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ka kakaretso li tsamaellana le litlamorao tsa ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa inthanete, kapa hore na litšobotsi tse ikhethang tsa inthanete li hlahisitse mathata a fapaneng a amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Ho feta moo, lingoliloeng tse ntseng li hola tse mabapi le "bokhoba ba inthanete," Litaba tsa tsona khafetsa li kenyelletsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, li se li le ngata.
Ho ea bonahala hore ha ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang e ba bothata ho motho e mong, haholo ha ho tluoa tlhokomelo ea ngaka, ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso kapa tse ling tse amanang le thobalano e kanna ea ameha. Phuputso ea morao-rao e entsoeng ke Meerkerk et al. (2006) e nkile qeto ea hore papali ea lipapali le erotica (e ngotsoe ke mongoli enoa ea ts'oanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa) marang-rang li ne li amana haholo le nts'etsopele ea Ts'ebeliso ea Marangrang ea Inthanete (CIU), empa ts'ebeliso ea erotica feela e boletseng ka ho hlaka nts'etsopele ea CIU nakong ea selemo se le seng (leq. 98). Patlisiso e ngoe ea morao-rao ea litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello ke Mitchell et al., (2005) e hlophisitse mekhahlelo e leshome le motso o mong ea Liphihlelo tse amanang le marang-rang tse amanang le marang-rang, ho kenyelletsa kakaretso e feteletseng, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, bofebe, tlhekefetso ea thobalano, lipapali le karolo ea papali. Thutong ea bona ea bakuli ba baholo ba 929, boholo bo makatsang bo amohetse mathata a amanang le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso kapa tse ling tse amanang le thobalano tse fumanehang Inthaneteng khafetsa ho feta mofuta o mong oa bothata. Liphumano tsa bona li boetse li tšehetsa khokahano lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete le lits'ebetso tse ling tsa thobalano Inthaneteng (ho tla buisanoa hamorao). Haufinyane tjena, sengoloa se ho The New York Times se ile sa qaqisa ho hlaha ha likampo tsa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa inthanete Korea Boroa tse reretsoeng ho thusa batho ho laola tšebeliso ea bona ea marang-rang e sa laoloheng (Fackler, 2007).
Ho makatsang ke hore lingoliloeng tse ngata tse mabapi le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete li kenyelletsa litlhaloso tse fokolang tse hlakileng, tsa bongaka tsa liphihlelo tse ikhethileng tsa ba sebelisang (ba bonang, ho bala) litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa, ka tloaelo, kapa ka bokhoba. Ha e le hantle, ho fapana le boipiletso bo tloaelehileng ba bafuputsi ba ho etsa "lipatlisiso tse hlophisehileng" sebakeng se itseng, sehlopha se seng se neng se etsa lipatlisiso ka tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng mosebetsing se hlokometse hore:
Kutloisiso e rarahaneng haholoanyane ea basebelisi ba ts'ebeliso ea thobalano inthaneteng [litšoantšo tsa bootsoa], hammoho le likarolo tse ling tse khethollang nyeoe e ngoe le e ngoe e ikhethang (joalo ka hore na ba ea kae, hobaneng ba ea, le hore na ba qeta nako e kae ha ba ea) bohlokoa haholo. (Mochini o hatisang; Cooper, Safir & Rosenmann, 2006, leq. 27).
Litlhare tsa Clinical
Ho tla hlahisoa lintlha tse 'maloa tsa tleliniki tse amanang le banna ba bong bo fapaneng ba bong bo fapaneng ba nang le bong bo bong bo sa sebetseng. Nyeoe e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e bontša kamoo tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete e ileng ea phetha karolo e kholo le e thata bophelong ba motho ka mong. Li-anecdotes tsena ke moemeli oa ba bang ba tlalehiloeng ka har'a lingoliloeng le mefuta ea mathata a fetisoang ho lingaka. Le ha ho nahanoa ka boits'oaro ba sephiri ho fokotsa lintlha tse ka hlahisoang, li-vignette tsa linyeoe tsena li fana ka mofuta oa litlhaloso tsa bongaka tse tla sebetsana le tlhoko ea litlhaloso tse ngata tsa kliniki ka har'a lingoliloeng. Litlhaloso li tsoela pele ho hlakisa tse ling tsa mathata a amanang le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng mme li senola mathata a mang a amanang le ho sibolla taba ena. (Tsebiso ea Sengoli: li-vignette tse latelang tsa nyeoe li hlahisitsoe ke lingaka tse fapaneng, tse sa tsejoeng ho kenyelletsa sengoli. Boiteko bo bong le bo bong bo entsoe ho pata leseli lefe kapa lefe le khethollang le ho boloka lekunutu la mokuli. Ha mathata a amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa a tšoana hantle le oc curred bakeng sa motho e mong le e mong, lintlha tse mabapi le nalane ea hae le ea lelapa li patetsoe ha li ntse li boloka li-variants tsa psychodynamic tse ling. Tse ling tsa litaba tsa nalane li hlophisitsoe bocha.)
Case 1
Monna e mong ea lilemo li 31 ea hlahlobang psychotherapy ea mathata a nang le matšoenyeho a tlaleha hore o na le bothata ba ho tsosoa ke thobalano le molekane oa hae oa mehleng. Kamora lipuisano tse ngata ka mosali, kamano ea bona, likhohlano tsa morao-rao kapa ho hatella litaba tsa maikutlo (ntle le ho fihlela tlhaloso e khotsofatsang bakeng sa tletlebo ea hae), o fane ka leseli la hore o ne a tšepile toro e itseng ho tsosa. A nyahame, o hlalositse "ketsahalo" ea boiketsetso e amang banna le basali ba 'maloa eo a e fumaneng sebakeng sa marang-rang sa bootsoa sa inthanete se neng se mo khahlile ebile e le e' ngoe ea tseo a li ratang. Kamora linako tse ngata, o ile a hlakisa tšebeliso ea hae ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa inthanete, e leng ketsahalo eo a bileng le eona hangata ho tloha bohareng ba 20. Lintlha tse amehang mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea hae le litlamorao tsa nako e telele li kenyelletsa litlhaloso tse hlakileng tsa ts'ebetso e ntseng e eketseha ea ho shebella le ho hopola litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea botona kapa botšehali ho tsosa thobalano. O boetse a hlalosa nts'etsopele ea "mamello" litlamorao tse khahlisang tsa thepa efe kapa efe ka mor'a nako e itseng, e ileng ea lateloa ke ho batla thepa e ncha eo a ka e fumanang molemong oa pele oa takatso ea thobalano.
Ha re lekola ts'ebeliso ea hae ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ho ile ha totobala hore mathata a maholo le molekane oa hae oa morao-rao a kopane le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, athe "mamello ea hae" litlamorao tse khothatsang tsa thepa e itseng e bile hore o ne a kopanela le molekane ka nako eo kapa o ne a mpa a sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa bakeng sa ho ipholla litho. Matšoenyeho a hae mabapi le ts'ebetso ea thobalano a ile a etsa hore a itšetlehe ka ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ka ho se tsebe hore ts'ebeliso ka boeona e bile le mathata, o ne a tolokile takatso ea hae ea ho batla thobalano ho molekane ho bolela hore ha a nepile bakeng sa hae, mme o ne a sena kamano e kholo ho feta likhoeli tse peli ka nako e fetang lilemo tse supileng, a fapanyetsana molekane a le mong. bakeng sa e mong feela joalokaha a ka fetola liwebosaete.
O ile a boela a bolela hore joale a ka tsosoa ke boitsebiso ba litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso tseo a neng a sa thahaselle ho li sebelisa. Ka mohlala, o ile a bolela hore lilemong tse hlano tse fetileng o ne a sa thahaselle ho shebella litšoantšo tsa ho kopanela liphate empa hona joale o fumane boitsebiso bo joalo bo tsosang takatso. Ka ho tšoanang, boitsebiso boo a bo hlalositseng e le "mohlophisi," eo a neng a bolela "ho ba mabifi kapa ho qobella," e ne e le ntho e neng e mo susumelletsa hore a arabe ka thobalano, athe boitsebiso boo bo ne bo se na thahasello 'me bo bile bo sa khone ho beha. Tse ling tsa lihlooho tsena tse ncha, o ile a iphumana a tšoenyehile ebile a sa phutholoha joalokaha a ne a tla tsosoa.
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