Tlatsetso ea takatso ea thobalano le sepheo sa ts'ebeliso e qobelloang ea cybersex (2019)

Cybersex e kenyelletsa mefuta e mengata ea liketso tse amanang le thobalano tse amanang le thobalano, joalo ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​webcam, puisano ea thobalano, lipapali tsa thobalano tse fumanehang marang-rang le ho ratana (Döring, 2009; Wéry le Billieux, 2017). Ntle le liphihlelo tse ling, cybersex e ka nolofalletsa ho kopana le balekane ba nnete ba lerato le tsa thobalano. Litlamorao tse ling tse ntle tsa cybersex li hlokometsoe (Grov, Gillespie, Royce, & Lever, 2011). Mohlala, e ka ntlafatsa takatso ea thobalano le ho thusa ho kopanela liketsong tsa thobalano (Allen, Kannis-Dymand, & Katsikitis, 2017). E ka thusa balekane ba nang le ts'usumetso ea thobalano kapa ka ho hlahloba mekhoa e mecha ea thobalano (Albright, 2008; Philaretou, Mahfouz, le Allen, 2005).

Tšebeliso ea cybersex e qobelloang e bonahala e ama karolo e nyane ea bareki ba cybersex (Dufour et al., 2016; Frangos, Frangos, & Sotiropoulos, 2010; Kafka, 2010) hape e amahanngoa le khatello ea kelello le maikutlo, ho ferekana ho phetha mesebetsi ea bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi le mathata a amanang le boroko (Grubbs, Volk, Exline, & Pargament, 2015; Karila et al., 2014). Boithutong bo mmaloa bo kenyeletsang ba batona le ba batšehali, basebelisi ba cybersex ba qobelloang, ha ba bapisoa le taolo, ba bonts'itse mokhoa o makatsang oa ho hlasimolla le ho chabisa ho shebella porno (Brand et al., 2011; Laier & Brand, 2014; Laier, Pawlikowski, Pekal, Schulte, & Brand, 2013; Laier, Pekal, & Brand, 2014). Leha ho le joalo, leha ho na le bohlokoa ba sehlooho, se ithutile hanyane (Brand et al., 2011). Haholo-holo ha ho tsejoe letho ka likhopolo tse ka bang teng kelellong tsa ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebetso ea cybersex (Franc et al., 2018).

Maikutlo a mabe le kopantsoe le ho potlaka ho hobehileng (tšekamelo ea ho etsa lintho ntle ho tefo maemong a mabe a maikutlo) li fumanoe li kenya letsoho ts'ebelisong ea cybersex (Wéry, Deleuze, Kanale, & Billieux, 2018), mohlomong e le mokhoa oa ho sebetsana ka katleho le litlamorao tse mpe. Sepheo, haholoholo se amanang le ho sebetsana le mathata (ke hore, ho baleha mathata a bophelo ba sebele), se tsebahala se susumetsa tšebeliso ea lithethefatsiBenschop et al., 2015), bokhoba ba boitšoaro (Billieux et al., 2011; Király et al., 2015; Zanetta Dauriat et al., 2011), le cybersex e qobelloangBrand, Laier, & Young, 2014). Cybersex, ka ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ntle le ho ipholla (Putnam le Maheu, 2000; Wéry, Karila, Sutter, & Billieux, 2014), e sebelisoa ke batho ba bang e le mokhoa oa ho sebetsana le maikutlo a mabe (Barrault, Hegbe, Bertsch, & Courtois, 2016; Boroa, 2008). Ntlafatso le sepheo sa ho etsa setsoalle (Franc et al., 2018) hape e ka bapala karolo ea cybersex e qobelloang. Boithuto mabapi le ho laetsana marang-rang bo hlakisitse karolo ea sepheo sa ho etsa setsoalle (Sumter, Vandenbosch, & Ligtenberg, 2017) le tebello ea monyaka ha o shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (E monyenyane, 2008).

Takatso ea thobalano ke karolo ea ho khanna bophelo ba litoro tsa thobalano le liketso (Levine, 2003; Pfaus, 2009). Litloaelano tse itekanetseng li fumanoe pakeng tsa takatso ea thobalano le sepheo sa ntlafatso ea cybersex (Khomishene ea Mekhatlo ea Europe, 2002; Franc et al., 2018; Mark, Toland, Rosenkrantz, Brown, & Hong, 2018; Spector, Carey, & Steinberg, 1996), ho lumellana le litlamorao le ho hlasimolla hoa cybersex (Beutel et al., 2017; Reid, Li, Gilliland, Stein, & Fong, 2011). Phuputso ea morao tjena e fumane kamano e fokolang lipakeng tsa sepheo sa ho sebetsana ka katleho le thobalano le takatso ea thobalano, hape ha ho kamano e teng lipakeng tsa takatso ea botona le botšehali le sepheo sa cybersex sechabeng (Franc et al., 2018).

Sepheo sa thuto ena e ne e le ho lekola tšusumetso ea sepheo se amanang le cybersex le takatso ea thobalano ho ts'ebeliso e qobelloang ea cybersex ho banna le basali.

Tsamaiso

Boithuto bona bo entsoe marang-rang ka ho romella lipapatso litsing tse amanang le thobalano le liforamu ka tumellano ea beng ba marang-rang. E ne e etselitsoe mang kapa mang ea lilemo li 18 kapa ho feta ho nka karolo liketsong tsa thobalano tsa inthaneteng. Ha ho na tefo e entsoeng bakeng sa ho nka karolo thutong.

barupeluoa ba

Kamora mokhoa oa ho hira, batho ba 761 ba ile ba tobetsa sehokela mme 605 ea lumela ho nka karolo ho ithuteng. Sekhahla sa ho phethela se ile sa fokotseha hanyane ka hanyane, 'me 358 ea lithuto tsa 605 e ileng ea qala tlhaiso ea lipotso e ile ea tsoela pele ho feta karolo ea data ea palo ea batho. Kamora hore boleng bo lahlehileng bo tlosoe, sampole ea ho qetela e ne e na le lithuto tsa 306, ke hore, banna ba 150 (49%) le basali ba 156 (51%). Mefuta ea lilemo e ne e le lilemo tsa 18-69, lilemo tse pakeng tsa 32.63 (X 10.83). Karolelano ea lilemo tsa banna e ne e le lilemo tsa 33.44 (± 11.84) le lilemo tsa basali tsa 31.86 (± 9.73). Ba nkile karolo ba ne ba tsoa Switzerland (68%), France (25%), Belgium (2%), Canada (1%), USA (1%), le linaha tse ling. Hoo e ka bang 73% ea barupeluoa ba ne ba le kamanong. Batho ba nang le tloaelo ea bong bo fapaneng ba bonts'itsoeng ka 84% ea sampole, ba nang le maikutlo a bisexual mabapi le 12%, 'me ka 4% ba boletse hore ke basodoma.

Mehato

Karolo ea pele ea lipotso e kenyeletsa lipotso tse ileng tsa hlahloba litšobotsi tsa karolo ea sechaba. Karolo e setseng ea lipotso e kenyelelitse lisebelisoa tse tharo: (a) Scaleive Internet Use Scale (CIUS), (b) Cybersex Motives Questionnaire (CMQ), le (c) Lenaneo la thobalano la Desire Inventory-2 (SDI-2).

CIUS e ne e etselitsoe ho lekola tšebeliso ea Inthanete e lemalloang (Meerkerk, Van Den Eijnden, Vermulst, le Garretsen, 2009) mme e netefalitsoe joalo. E na le lintho tsa 14 tse nang le 5-point Likert wadogo ho tloha 0 (ha ho mohla) ho 56 (khafetsa). CIUS e lula e fumanoa e na le sebopeho se kopaneng lithutong tse fapaneng le sampole (Khazaal et al., 2011, 2012; Meerkerk et al., 2009; Wartberg, Petersen, Kammerl, Rosenkranz, & Thomasius, 2014). Lipalo tse phahameng li bonts'a ho se khone ho araba ha ba arabelang marang-rang ho sebelisa marang-rang. Joalokaha ho tlalehiloe lithutong tse ling tse lekolang boitšoaro bo amanang le inthanete bo amanang le inthanete (Khazaal et al., 2015), CIUS e fetotsoe ho lekola ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea cybersex e qobelloang.

Ho etsa bonnete ba hore CIUS e shebile boits'oaro ba cybersex feela, re ile ra lebisa tlhokomelo ea barupeluoa ho tseba hore lentsoe Internet ka sekala se lebisitsoeng feela ho cybersex. CIUS le lisebelisoa tse ling tse etselitsoeng ho lekola bokhoba ba marang-rang bo fetotsoe ka katleho ho ithuteng papali ea chelete le papali ea chelete (Khazaal et al., 2015), le cybersex (Ho theoha, Antebi, & Schrimshaw, 2014; Varfi et al., 2019; Wéry et al., 2018), ntle le ho fetola thepa ea bona ea psychometric.

Lintho tsa CIUS li supa matšoao a tloaelehileng a ts'ebeliso e qobelloang ea inthanete e boletsoeng ka har'a lingoliloeng, joalo ka tahlehelo ea taolo, ho nahana ka pele, matšoao a ho tlohela, ho sebetsana le liphetoho tsa mohopolo. E na le botsitso bo botle bo nang le botsitso bo botle ba kahare (Cronbach's α = .90; Meerkerk et al., 2009).

CMQ e supa sepheo se amanang le ts'ebeliso ea libaka tsa thobalano (Franc et al., 2018). E na le lintho tsa 14 tse lekantsoeng sethaleng sa 5-point Likert ho tloha ha ho mohla ho kamehla kapa hoo e ka bang kamehla, e hlophisitsoe ho potoloha lintlha tse tharo: Ntlafatso, Boiketlo ba sechaba le ho sebetsana ka katleho. Morero oa ntlafatso o tsamaellana le thabo le thabo ea thobalano inthaneteng (ke hore, "Hobane e ea thabisa" le "Hobane ke rata maikutlo"). Sepheo sa kahisano se bolela kamano eo mosebelisi a ka e utloang ka lefats'e ka bophara e khothalletsang le ho amohela likhopolo tse tebileng tsa motho (ke hore, "Ho thabela botsoalle le ho ratoa ke ba bang" le "Ho kopana le motho e mong"). Morero oa boraro o bua ka maano a ho sebetsana le mathata a amanang le ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang e le mokhoa oa ho itšireletsa linthong tsa nnete le ho ikhula lithahasellong tsa bophelo ba sebele (ke hore, "Hoa ntšelisa ha ke le maemong a mabe" le "Ho lebala mathata kapa matshwenyeho ”). CMQ e na le litšoaneleho tse khotsofatsang tsa psychometric. Cronbach's α ke .84 bakeng sa ntlha ea pele, .73 bakeng sa ntlha ea bobeli, le .79 bakeng sa ntlha ea boraro (Franc et al., 2018), e amohelehang.

SDI-2 e sebelisoa ho lekola takatso ea thobalano, e hlalosoang e le ho khahloa ke boitšoaro ba thobalano (Spector et al., 1996). Ke e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang khafetsa bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea takatso ea thobalano (Mark et al., 2018). E na le lintho tsa 14 tse lekanyang botebo le bohlokoa ba takatso ho 9-point Likert wadogo ho tloha ha ho takatso ho takatso e matla kapa ho tswa ho ho hang ha ho bohlokoa ho e bohlokoa haholo. Lintho tse lekanyang khafetsa tsa liketso tsa thobalano li thathamisitsoe ho 8-point Likert wadogo ho tloha ha ho mohla ho makhetlo a fetang le le leng ka letsatsi. Lintho li ka akaretsoa ho hlahisa kakaretso ka kakaretso kapa ho hlahisa lintlha bakeng sa likarolo tsa eona tse peli: (a) takatso ea botona le botšehali (takatso ea ho etsa thobalano le moratuoa) le (b) takatso ea ho etsa thobalano le motho a le mong. ketso tsa thobalano). Takatso ea thobalano ea Dyadic e tsamaisana le Lintho 1-9, e nang le lintlha tse felletseng ho tloha 0 ho 62, le takatso ea thobalano e le 'ngoe ho isa ho kakaretso ea Lintho 10-13, e nang le lintlha tse felletseng ho tloha 0 ho 23. Taba ea 14 e lekola hore na barupeluoa ba ka etsa eng ntle le ts'ebetso ea thobalano mme ha e karolo ea litakatso tsa boinotšing kapa boikhabi. Takatso ea boinotšing e bua ka sekhahla sa boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano le takatso e litšila e amanang le khafetsa ea boitšoaro ba thobalano le molekane (Spector et al., 1996). SDI-2 e na le litšoaneleho tse ntle tsa psychometric tse nang le maemo a nepahetseng a ka hare a lintlha tsena tse peli (.86 le .96, ka ho latellana; Spector et al., 1996). Boithuto ba pejana bo tlalehiloe litšobotsi tse tsitsitseng tsa psychometric ho li-sampole tse nang le lipuo tse fapaneng le maikutlo a thobalano, joalo ka basomi le banna ba basodoma (Dosch, Rochat, Ghisletta, Favez, & Van der Linden, 2016; Mark et al., 2018).

Tlhahlobo ea statistical

Kamora tlhahlobo e hlalosang, re sebelisitse tsa Baithuti t-Test e fana ka papiso ea tekano le tlhahlobo ea likamano tsa Pearson ho lekola lihokela pakeng tsa tse fapaneng. Moo data e neng e haella, lintlha li ile tsa nkeloa sebaka ke kakaretso ea lintlha tse fumanoeng ke motho bakeng sa lintho tsa subscale, kapa bakeng sa kakaretso eohle haeba potso e ne e se na subscale (motho ea bolelang ho kenella). Ba arabelang ka tekanyo ea likarabo tse sieo tse fetang 10% ha ba kenyelletsoe ka thoko.

Meetso ea sebopeho sa sebopeho (SEM) e entsoe ka tekanyo e kholo ea monyetla. Lits'oants'o li ne li nkuoa li le ntle haeba boleng ba lenane la lipapiso le lekantsoeng (CFI) le ne le le haufi le .90, χ2/df karolelano e haufi le 2, 'me motso o bolela phoso e sekwere ea ho lekanya (RMSEA) <0.08 (Arbuckle & Wothke, 2003; Byrne, 2010; Hu & Bentler, 1999). Litlhahlobo tsa lipatlisiso li ne li etsoa ho sebelisoa software TIBCO Statistica ™ 13.3.0 (TIBCO Software Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA) le IBM® SPSS® Amos ™ 23.00 (IBM SPSS Software Inc., Wexford, PA, USA).

Ethics

Phuputso e entsoe ho latela Phatlalatso ea Helsinki. Komiti ea boitšoaro ea Sepetlele sa Univesithi ea Geneva e amohetse protocol ena. Barupeluoa ba ile ba fuoa litlhaloso tse felletseng tsa sepheo sa thuto le mekhoa inthaneteng. Ba ile ba kopuoa ho fana ka tumello e nang le tsebo inthaneteng, e ba lumelletseng ho araba lipotso ba sa tsejoe ba sa tsebe letho ka SurveyMonkey.

Liphetho tse hlalosang li hlahisoa ka har'a Lethathamo 1. Tsamaiso eohle e ka nkuoa e tloaelehile. Tafole 1 hape e fana ka li-coefficients tsa Cronbach tse sebelisitsoeng ho leka ho ts'epahala ha sekala. Tsena li nkuoa li khotsofatsa ha coefficient ea α e le> .70, ho neng ho le joalo mona. Tafole 2 e bonts'a liphapang ka mekhoa ka bong. Banna ba fumane lintlha tse phahameng ho feta basali ka sepheo sa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea cybersex, hape le takatso ea thobalano le boinotšing (ka boholo bo boholo). Ha barupeluoa ba se nang balekane ba bapisoa le ba lulang le molekane, ho ne ho na le phapang e kholo bakeng sa takatso ea thobalano ea dyadic (41.64 vs. 46.23, t = -2.73, p <.01, ka boholo ba sephetho se mahareng) Papiso ea maikutlo a thobalano ha ea ka ea senola liphapang tsa bohlokoa, leha ho ne ho na le tloaelo ea barupeluoa ba bong bo fapaneng ho tlaleha takatso e eketsehileng ea thobalano le ho ba le lintlha tse phahameng tsa CIUS.

 

Lethathamo

Tafole 1. Litlhahlobo tse hlalosang tsa CIUS, CMQ, le SDI-2

 

Tafole 1. Litlhahlobo tse hlalosang tsa CIUS, CMQ, le SDI-2

Bolelang [95% CI]E boharengSDRangeSkewnessKurtosisd (KS)Lilliefors (p)Cronbach's α
CIUS19.54 [18.16-20.91]1912.200-510.19-0.920.08<.01.93
Kholiso ea CMQ23.85 [23.04-24.66]2512.208-40-0.36-0.230.08<.01.88
CMQ ea kahisano10.33 [9.91-10.74]1112.204-20-0.15-0.660.10<.01.72
Ho sebetsana le CMQ12.70 [12.15-13.25]1312.205-250.06-0.850.08<.01.81
SDI-264.25 [61.96-66.54]6720.340-109-0.620.390.07<.01.91
SDI-2 dyadic44.97 [43.48-46.47]4712.200-70-0.881.070.08<.01.87
SDI-2 e le mong15.60 [14.61-16.59]1712.200-31-0.32-0.890.10<.01.93

Hlokomela. CIUS: Tšebeliso ea Inthanete e Sebetsa; CMQ: Potso ea Cybersex Motives; SDI-2: Litakatso tsa takatso ea thobalano - 2; CI: nako ea ho itšepa; SD: ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng; d (KS): Teko ea Kolmogorov-Smirnov.

 

Lethathamo

Tafole 2. Papiso ea CIUS, CMQ, le lintlha tsa SDI-2 ke bong

 

Tafole 2. Papiso ea CIUS, CMQ, le lintlha tsa SDI-2 ke bong

HlakolabannaWomenBoholo ba phellotp
Bolela (SD)Bolela (SD)(Cohen's d)
CIUS19.30 (11.18)19.76 (13.14)-0.04-0.33.740
Kholiso ea CMQ26.25 (6.66)21.55 (7.01)0.656.01.001
CMQ ea kahisano10.18 (3.47)10.47 (3.90)-0.08-0.67.510
Ho sebetsana le CMQ12.82 (4.81)12.59 (4.93)0.050.40.690
SDI-271.89 (17.88)56.90 (19.90)0.746.92.001
SDI-2 dyadic48.35 (12.30)41.73 (13.37)0.504.51.001
SDI-2 e le mong19.02 (7.64)12.31 (8.64)0.767.18.001

Hlokomela. CIUS: Tšebeliso ea Inthanete e Sebetsa; CMQ: Potso ea Cybersex Motives; SDI-2: Litakatso tsa takatso ea thobalano - 2; SD: ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng.

Hobane ha re fumane phapang lipapatsong tsa CIUS lipakeng tsa banna le basali, re ile ra hlahloba hore na li tsamaisoa joang ho ea ka matla a ts'ebeliso ea cybersex (e tlase, e itekanetseng, le e phahameng). Boemo ba bohle ba neng ba nkile karolo lihlopheng tseo tse tharo (ka li-tertiles) bo bonts'itse hore basali ba ne ba le maemong a tlase le ka tšusumetso e matla, athe banna ba ne ba le sehlopheng sa ts'ebeliso e itekanetseng (Tafole 3).

 

Lethathamo

Tafole 3. Litšobotsi tsa lihlopha tsena tse tharo tsa basebelisi ba cybersex tse nang le lintlha tse ngata tsa CIUS tse tlaase, tse itekanetseng le tse phahameng

 

Tafole 3. Litšobotsi tsa lihlopha tsena tse tharo tsa basebelisi ba cybersex tse nang le lintlha tse ngata tsa CIUS tse tlaase, tse itekanetseng le tse phahameng

Pholo ea CIUS e tlase (n = 105)Sekala sa Medium CIUS (n = 102)Sekolo se phahameng sa CIUS (n = 99)
CIUS [bolela (e bolela (SD)]6.05 (3.84)19.48 (4.05)33.89 (5.28)
CIUS (mefuta)0-1213-2627-51
Age [bolela (SD)]32.68 (11.17)33.15 (11.90)32.06 (9.27)
Kea ratana67.62% (n = 71)75.49% (n = 77)74.75% (n = 74)
banna46.67% (n = 49)56.87% (n = 58)43.43% (n = 43)
Women53.33% (n = 56)43.14% (n = 44)56.57% (n = 56)
Boikutlo ba ho kopanela liphate86.67% (n = 91)84.31% (n = 86)79.80% (n = 79)
Tloaelo ea bosodoma3.81% (n = 4)6.86% (n = 7)3.03% (n = 3)
Tloaelo ea ho bisexual9.52% (n = 10)8.82% (n = 9)17.17% (n = 17)

Hlokomela. CIUS: Tšebeliso ea Inthanete e Sebetsa; SD: ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng.

Lethathamo 4 e hlahisa khokahano lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa CIUS le CMQ le lipapatso tsa SDI-2. Liphetho li totobatsa khokahano ea bohlokoa le e nepahetseng le litlatsetso tsohle. Kamano e matla ka ho fetisisa e ile ea bonoa pakeng tsa lintlha tsa CIUS le lintlha bakeng sa sepheo sa ho sebetsana le CMQ (r = .52, p <.001) le sepheo sa boiketlo ba sechaba sa CMQ (r = .39, p <.001), le ho isa tekanyong e nyane lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa CIUS le sepheo sa ntlafatso (r = .28, p <.001).

 

Lethathamo

Tafole 4. Likamano lipakeng tsa CIUS, CMQ, le lintlha tsa SDI-2

 

Tafole 4. Likamano lipakeng tsa CIUS, CMQ, le lintlha tsa SDI-2

CIUSKholiso ea CMQCMQ ea kahisanoHo sebetsana le CMQSDI-2SDI-2 dyadicSDI-2 e le mong
CIUS1.28 ***.39 ***.52 ***.16 **.15 **.14 *
Kholiso ea CMQ1.28 ***.55 ***.56 ***.44 ***.55 ***
CMQ ea kahisano1.58 ***.16 **.17 **.10
Ho sebetsana le CMQ1.22 ***.20 ***.19 **
SDI-21.91 ***.79 ***
SDI-2 dyadic1.48 **
SDI-2 e le mong1

Hlokomela. CIUS: Tšebeliso ea Inthanete e Sebetsa; CMQ: Potso ea Cybersex Motives; SDI-2: Lekhalo la Takatso ea Thobalano.

*p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001.

Lethathamo 5 e hlahisa tlhagiso ka bong. Bakeng sa basali, ho ne ho na le kamano ea bohlokoa lipakeng tsa CIUS lintlha le lintlha bakeng sa sepheo sa ho sebetsana le CMQ (r = .51, p <.001) le sepheo sa boiketlo ba sechaba sa CMQ (r = .49, p <.001), le ho isa tekanyong e nyane lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa CIUS le sepheo sa ntlafatso sa CMQ (r = .34, p <.001). Haholo-holo, ha ho likamano tse bohlokoa tse fumanoeng lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa CIUS le litakatso tsa thobalano.

 

Lethathamo

Tafole 5. Likamano lipakeng tsa CIUS, CMQ, le lintlha tsa SDI-2 ho banna le basali

 

Tafole 5. Likamano lipakeng tsa CIUS, CMQ, le lintlha tsa SDI-2 ho banna le basali

Banna / basaliCIUSKholiso ea CMQCMQ ea kahisanoHo sebetsana le CMQSDI-2SDI-2 dyadicSDI-2 e le mong
CIUS.26 ***.25 ***.54 ***.30 ***.25 ***.28 ***
Kholiso ea CMQ.34 ***.08.47 ***.44 ***.29 ***.49 ***
CMQ ea kahisano.49 ***.50 ***.41 ***.05.09-.03
Ho sebetsana le CMQ.51 ***.65 ***.74 ***.15.09.18 **
SDI-2.09.55 ***.29 ***.30 ***.91 ***.76 ***
SDI-2 dyadic.09.48 ***.27 **.29 ***.91 ***.42 ***
SDI-2 e le mong.07.48 ***.23 ***.21 ***.76 ***.44 ***

Hlokomela. Karolo e tlase ea dagonal e bua ka tlhabollo ea banna le karolo e kaholimo ea basali. CIUS: Tšebeliso ea Inthanete e Sebetsa; CMQ: Potso ea Cybersex Motives; SDI-2: Lekhalo la Takatso ea Thobalano.

**p <0.01. ***p <.001.

Bakeng sa banna, re bone kamano e bohlokoa lipakeng tsa CIUS lintlha le CMQ ea ho qopitsa sepheo sa (r = .54, p <.001), hape, leha e le hanyane, lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa CIUS le lintlha tsa sepheo se seng sa sepheo sa CMQ. Ho fapana le basali, re fumane setsoalle lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa CIUS tsa banna mme ka bobeli ba le bang (r = .28, p <.001) le takatso e matla ea thobalano (r = .25, p <.001).

Kamora nako, re ile ra etsa SEM ho fuputsa likamano lipakeng tsa lintho tse lekantsoeng (CIUS, CMQ, le SDI-2) le ho sebelisana 'moho ha bona (Setšoantšo. 1). Mekhoa ea litheko e amohelehile (χ2/df = 3.01, CFI = 0.80, le RMSEA = 0.08). Re ile ra tsoela pele ka tsela e ts'oanang bakeng sa banna le basali ka thoko (bona lipalo 2 'me 3). Boleng ba CFI ba banna bo ne bo le tlase (0.74). Setšoantšo 1 e bonts'a setsoalle lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa CIUS le sepheo sa ho sebetsana le CMQ le sepheo sa sechaba sa CMQ. E totobatsa bohlokoa ba lihokela pakeng tsa sepheo sa ntlafatso sa CMQ le takatso ea thobalano ea SDI-2. Bakeng sa banna, Setšoantšo 2 e bonts'a setsoalle pakeng tsa sepheo sa ho kopitsa CMQ le CIUS, sehokelo sa SDI-2 takatso ea thobalano. Setšoantšo 3 bakeng sa basali ba totobatsa kopano ea CMQ sechabeng le sepheo sa ho loana le CIUS.

tlosa motsoali

Setšoantšo sa 1. Kamano lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso e qobelloang ea cybersex (Scompiveive Internet Use Scale lintlha), sepheo sa cybersex (li-subscales tsa cybersex Motives), le takatso ea thobalano (Sub Desire Inventory-2 subscales) bakeng sa sampole kaofela (banna le basali). *p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001. χ2 = 2,295.60, df EA-764-TZ2/df = 3.01, p <.001, CFI = 0.80, le RMSEA = 0.08 [0.08-0.09]. Bakeng sa ho baleha, ho hlahisoa mefuta ea morao-rao feela

tlosa motsoali

Setšoantšo sa 2. Kamano lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso e qobelloang ea cybersex (Scompiveive Internet Use Scale lintlha), sepheo sa cybersex (li-subscales tsa cybersex Motives), le takatso ea thobalano (Sub Desire Inventory-2 subscales) ho banna. *p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001. χ2 = 1,617.37, df EA-764-TZ2/df = 2.12, p <.001, CFI = 0.74, le RMSEA = 0.09 [0.08-0.09]. Bakeng sa ho baleha, ho hlahisoa mefuta ea morao-rao feela

tlosa motsoali

Setšoantšo sa 3. Kamano lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso e qobelloang ea cybersex (Scompiveive Internet Use Scale lintlha), sepheo sa cybersex (li-subscales tsa cybersex Motives), le takatso ea thobalano (Sub Desire Inventory-2 subscales) ea basali. *p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001. χ2 = 1,650.29, df EA-766-TZ2/df = 2.15, p <.001, CFI = 0.80, le RMSEA = 0.09 [0.08-0.09]. Bakeng sa ho baleha, ho hlahisoa mefuta ea morao-rao feela

Liphetho tsa boithuto ha li hlahise liphapang tse kholo lipakeng tsa banna le basali lipalo tsa CIUS, empa li bontšitse hore barupeluoa ba basali e ne e le sehlopha sa tšebeliso e tlase kapa se phahameng. Ho haella ha phapang ea bong ha ho tsamaisane le mosebetsi o fetileng (mohlala, Kafka, 2010). Ho ba teng ha lihlopha tse nyane tsa basali sehlopheng se kotsing e kholo ho sa le joalo, ho tsamaellana le lithuto tse ling mabapi le bokhoba ba boitšoaro (Khazaal et al., 2017), e bonts'a hore li-subsamples tsa basali li kotsing e kholo ea ho lemalla boitšoaro.

Hobane re hanne barupeluoa ka liwebosaete tse amanang le thobalano le liforomo, thuto e kanna ea ba le khetho ea leeme (Khazaal et al., 2014). Ho kenella ha batho ka bongata ka tekanyo e phahameng ea ts'ebeliso ea cybersex ho ke ke ha qheleloa ka thoko. Liphetho tsa thuto-kholo li ka se fumanoe thutong. Leha ho le joalo, liphetho li bontša kamano pakeng tsa lintho tse 'maloa tse fapaneng le palo ea banna le basali ba CIUS mohlaleng ona.

Liphetho li bontša karolo ea ho sebetsana ka katleho le CMQ ho batona le ba batšehali, le ka sepheo se itseng sa sepheo sa sechaba, haholo basali, ho cybersex e qobelloang. Morero oa ntlafatso oa CMQ o bonts'itse kopano e nyane le lintlha tsa CIUS, haholo banna.

Maikemisetso a ho sebetsana le ona a bua ka merero ea ho pholoha eo motho a ipehelang eona maemong a tlatsetsang (mohlala, Barrault et al., 2016; Miner, Coleman, Setsi, Ross, & Rosser, 2007). Li ka thusa batho ho fumana phomolo ea nakoana nakong ea ha ho le bohloko.Coleman-Kennedy le Pendley, 2002; Leiblum, 1997). Liphetho tsa boithuto li bontša hore sepheo se joalo se amahantsoe le cybersex e qobelloang ho banna le basali. Ho fumana sena ho tsamaisana le lithuto tse ling mabapi le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi (Blevins, Banes, Stephens, Walker, & Roffman, 2016; Grazioli et al., 2018) le litlatsetso tse ling tsa boitšoaroBrand et al., 2014; Clarke et al., 2007; Khazaal et al., 2018), hammoho le lithuto tse bonts'a tšebelisano lipakeng tsa ho ama hampe le ho hloka ts'ebetso ho cybersex e qobelloang (Wéry et al., 2018). Thutong ena, sepheo sa ho sebetsana le CMQ le sona se bile le tšusumetso e matla ho CIUS ho batona. Boemong ba bongaka, liphetho tsena li fana ka maikutlo a bohlokoa ba ho kenella ho tsepamisang mohopolo taolong ea maikutlo ho thusa batho ba nang le ts'ebetso ea cybersex e qobelloang. Lithuto tse ling li ka una molemo ka ho kenyelletsa bokhoni ba ho sebetsana le maemo le ho lebella lintho ka tsela e hlakileng joalo ka ha ho khoneha babuelli pakeng tsa ts'ebeliso e qobelloang ea cybersex le sepheo sa ho sebetsana le mathataBrand et al., 2014; Laier, Wegmann, le Brand, 2018).

Joalo ka lithutong tse ling mabapi le bokhoba ba boitšoaro (Müller et al., 2017) le ho lemalla cybersex (Weinstein, Zolek, Babkin, Cohen, & Lejoyeux, 2015), thuto e bontšitse liphapang tse fapaneng tsa bong. Ka ho khetheha, sepheo sa sechaba se ne se amana haholo le lintlha tsa CIUS bakeng sa basali ho feta banna. Sena se lumellana le lithuto tse ling tse bonts'ang karolo e phahameng ea basali mesebetsing ea marang-rang (Dufour et al., 2016). Ntle le moo, takatso ea thobalano ha e fumanoe e amahanngoa le lintlha tsa CIUS ho basali, athe mokhatlo, leha o le monyane, o ile oa fumanwa banna.

Leha kamano e matla lipakeng tsa palo ea CIUS le mefuta e meng e ne e bonts'oa haholo ho batona le ba batšehali ka sepheo sa ho loants'a CMQ, mokhatlo o monyane o ile oa bonoa bakeng sa takatso ea thobalano ho banna le merero ea kahisano hara basali. Liphumano tsena li kanna tsa bakoa ke ho se lumellane pakeng tsa basali le banna ka takatso ea thobalano (Carvalho le Nobre, 2011). Ho fumana hore takatso ea thobalano e ne e mpa e le sesosa sa ts'ebeliso e matla ea barupeluoa ba banna ba cybersex ho ka amahanngoa le phapang ea bong ka tsela eo likamano tsa botona le botšehali li etsang takatso ea thobalano (Carvalho le Nobre, 2011).

Ntle le phapang e joalo ea bong, sephetho sa rona se fana ka maikutlo a hore takatso ea thobalano e bapala karolo e nyane feela (ho banna), kapa ha ho na karolo (ho basali) ts'ebelisong e qobelloang ea cybersex. Ho feta moo, subscale ea ntlafatso ea CMQ ha e bonahale e kenya letsoho molemong oa CIUS. Sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore bokhoba ba cybersex ha bo tsamaisoe ke thobalano kapa ho isa tekanyong e nyane ho banna. Ho fumana hona ho tsamaellana le lithuto tse ling tse bontšang hore li rata livideo tse buang ka thobalano (Voon et al., 2014Liketso tsa thobalano (ke hore, palo ea batho ba kopanelang liphate, khotsofalo ka thobalano, le ts'ebeliso ea li-cybersex tse kopanetsoeng) ha li amane le li-cybersex tse qobelloang (Laier et al., 2014; Laier, Pekal, & Brand, 2015). Joalokaha ho khothalelitsoe liphuputsong tse ling mabapi le boits'oaro bo lemalloang, "ho rata" (hedonic drive) ho bonahala ho bapala karolo e nyane ho feta "ho batla" (boits'oaro bo matlafatsang) le litekanyo tsa "ho ithuta" (mekhatlo ea boits'oaro le likakanyo, mohlala, ho ithuta ka maikutlo a mabe phomolo ha u sebelisa cybersex; Berridge, Robinson, & Aldridge, 2009; Robinson le Berridge, 2008).

Ha u sheba ka lekhetlo la pele, karolo e nyane ea takatso ea thobalano le sepheo sa ntlafatso ho thobalano e qobelloang ea cyber e bonahala e sa lumellane. Ho bonahala eka mofuta oa thobalano oa khotsofalo ha se tšusumetso e kholo ea boits'oaro. Maikutlo ana a ka hlalosoa ke taba ea hore CIUS ha se tekanyo ea thobalano kapa ts'ebeliso ea cybersex, empa ke tekolo ea ts'ebeliso e qobelloang ea cybersex. Liphuputso li tsamaellana le ts'ebetso e amanang le tlhokomelo ea boits'oaro bo lemalloang. Ho phatlalalitsoe hore ho lemalla lithethefatsi ho bolokoa ke phetoho ea ho ikhotsofatsa (ke hore, ho batla meputso e tobileng ea thobalano) ho fihlela matšeliso (ke hore, ho batla ho baleha maikutlo a mabe; Bacha le Brand, 2017). Ho etsa patlisiso e kholo ea potso ena, lithuto tsa nako e tlang li lokela ho kenyelletsa liteko tse tšoanang tsa ts'ebeliso ea cybersex, boits'oaro ba thobalano le cybersex e qobelloang, hammoho le mofuta oa meputso e fumanoeng nakong ea ts'ebeliso ea cybersex. Teko ea nakoana ea tikoloho le tikoloho e ka sebelisoa ho hlahloba lipotso tsena (Benarous et al., 2016; Ferreri, Bourla, Mouchabac, & Karila, 2018; Jones, Tiplady, Houben, Nederkoorn, le Tšimo, 2018).

Mosebetsi ona o na le meeli e mengata, haholo e amanang le moralo oa likarolo tse fapaneng, ts'ebeliso ea lipotso tsa tlhahlobo ea boitlhahlobo, khethollo ea boikhethelo, le boholo ba mehlala bo bonolo. Liphetho li lokela ho netefatsoa ke lithuto tsa nako e tlang, mohlomong tse ipapisitseng le liphetho tsa hajoale, ho kenyeletsoa litlhahlobo tsa matla le moralo oa boholo ba mehlala le litlhahlobo tse qaqileng tsa ts'ebeliso ea cybersex (ke hore, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​ho laetsana, webcam, le puisano) kapa ho shebana le ts'ebetso e itseng. CIUS e ikamahanya le maemo a marang-rang a inthaneteng thutong ena e bontšitse botsitso bo botle ba kahare (Cronbach's α = .93). Ke tekanyo ea ho kopanela liphate ka mokhoa o qobelloang, empa eseng tlhahlobo ea ts'ebeliso ea thobalano ea inthanete ka boeona, mme liketso tse ikhethileng tsa thobalano ha lia tlalehoa. Liphuputso tse ling li lokela ho kenyelletsa litlhaloso tsa mesebetsi e joalo, meputso e nahanoang e amanang le ts'ebeliso ea cybersex, hammoho le tekolo ea ho nka karolo ka thobalano ntle le Marang-rang (ke hore, thobalano, jj.) Le kamano ea maikutlo le molekane.

Likhopolo tse ling tsa kelello tse kang ho itšepa, maikutlo a (Paraka, Hong, Phaka, Ha, & Yoo, 2012), impulivity (Wéry et al., 2018), bolutu (Khazaal et al., 2017; Yong, Inoue, & Kawakami, 2017), sehokelo (Favez, Tissot, Ghisletta, Golay, le Cairo Notari, 2016), le kelello psychorbidities (Starcevic & Khazaal, 2017), e ka bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho cybersex e qobelloang, ntle le khotsofalo ea maikutlo le thobalano bophelong ba nnete.

YK, FB-D, le SR ba kentse letsoho molemong oa ho ithuta le moralo. FBB, RC, SR, le YK li kentse letsoho tlhahlobisong ea lipalo le tlhaiso-leseling. YK e kentse letsoho mosebetsing oa ho hira. FBB, SR, FB-D, RC, le YK li kentse letsoho ho hlophiseng sengoloa.

Ha ho letho.

Liteboho

Bangoli ba ka rata ho leboha Barbara Kila, ELS, oa BioMedical Editor, le Elizabeth Yates bakeng sa tokiso ea puo ea Senyesemane. Ba tla thabela ho leboha barupeluoa.

Khokhon, J. M. (2008). Thobalano Amerika inthaneteng: Teko ea thobalano, maemo a lenyalo le boits'oaro ba botona le botšehali ho batla thobalano inthaneteng le litlamorao tsa eona. Koranta ea Patlo ea Thobalano, 45 (2), 175-186. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490801987481 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Allen, A., Kannis-Dymand, L., & Katsikitis, M. (2017). Ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro: Karolo ea ho lakatsa, ho nahana ka takatso le ho tseba lintho tse ling. Baetsi ba Behaviors, 70, 65-71. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.02.001 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Arbuckle, J. L., & Wothke, W. (2003). AMOS (mofuta oa 5.0) [Software ea likhomphutha]. Chicago, IL: Mokhatlo o monyenyane oa liWorts. Google Setsebi
Barrault, S., Hegbe, K., Bertsch, I., & Courtois, R. (2016). Relation entre lesávations de vie traumatiques de l'enfance, le mathata a motho a ho tseleha moeli oa marang-rang le les conduites cybersexuelles problématiques [Kamano pakeng tsa liketsahalo tse sithabetsang tsa bophelo ba bongoana, ho senyeha ha botho ba moeli le boitšoaro bo bobe ba cybersexual]. Psychotropes, 22 (3), 65-81. doi:https://doi.org/10.3917/psyt.223.006510.3917/psyt.223.0065 CrossrefGoogle Setsebi
Benarous, X., Edel, Y., Consoli, A., Brunelle, J., Etter, J.F., Cohen, D., & Khazaal, Y. (2016). Tlhahlobo ea nakoana ea tlhaho le ho kenella ha ts'ebeliso ea li-smartphone ho bacha ba nang le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi le mathata a kelello a tebileng a kelello: protocol ea thupelo. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 7, 157. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00157 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Benschop, A., Liebregts, N., van der Pol, P., Schaap, R., Buisman, R., van Laar, M., van den Brink, W., de Graaf, R., & Korf, D. J. (2015). Ho ts'epahala le ho nepahala ha mosebetsi oa "Marijuana Motives Measure" har'a basebelisi ba tloaelehileng ba bang ba bang ba bang ba bang le likamano le batho ba itšetlehileng ka cannabis.. Baetsi ba Behaviors, 40, 91-95. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.09.003 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Berridge, K. C., Robinson, T. E., & Aldridge, J. W. (2009). Likarolo tse fapaneng tsa moputso: 'Ho rata', 'ho batla' le ho ithuta. Maikutlo a hajoale ho Pharmacology, 9 (1), 65-73. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2008.12.014 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Beutel, M. E., Giralt, S., Wölfling, K., Stöbel-Richter, Y., Subic-Wrana, C., Reiner, I., Tibubos, A. N., & Brähler, E. (2017). Litlamorao le tšebeliso ea tšebeliso ea thobalano marang-rang ho batho ba Jeremane. PloS One, 12 (6), e0176449. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0176449 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Billieux, J., Chanal, J., Khazaal, Y., Rochat, L., Gay, P., Zullino, D., & Van der Linden, M. (2011). Baitekolohelo ba kelello ba ho nka karolo ha mathata lipapaling tse ngata tsa papali tse ngata tse bapaloang papaling: Papiso ho mehlala ea libapali tsa cybercafé tsa banna. Psychopathology, 44 (3), 165-171. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000322525 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Blevins, C. E., Meputso, K. E., Stephens, R. S., Walker, D. D., & Roffman, R. A. (2016). Morero oa tšebeliso ea matekoane har'a liithuti tsa sekolo se phahameng tse sebelisang boima: Tlhahlobo ea sebopeho le ts'ebeliso ea Pampiri e Phethahetseng ea Marijuana Motives. Baetsi ba Behaviors, 57, 42-47. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.02.005 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Brand, M., Laier, C., Pawlikowski, M., Schächtle, U., Schöler, T., & Altstötter-Gleich, C. (2011). Ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa marang-rang: Mosebetsi oa likhakanyo tsa thobalano le matšoao a kelello a ho sebelisa marang-rang a ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng haholo.. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, le Social Networking, 14 (6), 371-377. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.0222 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Brand, M., Laier, C., & Bacha, K. S. (2014). Tlhatlhobo ea inthanete: Litloaelo tsa ho sebetsana le maemo, litebello, le liphello tsa kalafo. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1256. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01256 CrossrefGoogle Setsebi
Byrne, B. M. (2010). Meetso ea tekanyo ea sebopeho le Amose: Likhopolo tsa mantlha, lits'ebetso, le lenaneo (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Tsela. Google Setsebi
Carvalho, J., & Nobre, P. (2011). Phapang pakeng tsa botona le botšehali takatsong ea thobalano: Lintlha tsa maikutlo le tsa kamano li supa joang takatso ea thobalano ho latela bong? Sexologies, 20 (4), 207-211. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sexol.2011.08.010 CrossrefGoogle Setsebi
Clarke, D., Tse, S., Abbott, M. W., Townsend, S., Kingi, P., & Manaia, W. (2007). Mabaka a ho qala le ho tsoela pele papali ea chelete sechabeng se tsoakaneng sa batho ba merabe e se nang mathata le ba se nang mathata. Lithuto tsa Machabeng tsa Boloi, 7 (3), 299-313. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14459790701601455 CrossrefGoogle Setsebi
Coleman-Kennedy, C., & Pendley, A. (2002). Teko le tlhahlobo ea bokhoba ba thobalano. Sengoloa sa American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 8 (5), 143-151. doi:https://doi.org/10.1067/mpn.2002.128827 CrossrefGoogle Setsebi
Khomishene ea Lichaba tsa Europe. (2002). eEurope 2002: Litekanyetso tsa boleng bakeng sa liwebosaete tse amanang le bophelo bo botle. Tlaleho ea Patlo ea Inthanete ea Bongaka, 4 (3), E15. doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.4.3.e15 MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Döring, N. M. (2009). Kameho ea marang-rang litabeng tsa thobalano: Tlhahlobo e boima ea lilemo tsa 15 tsa lipatlisiso. Lik'homphieutha ho Behavior ea Batho, 25 (5), 1089-1101. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.04.003 CrossrefGoogle Setsebi
Dosch, A., Rochat, L., Koloi, P., Favez, N., & Van der Linden, M. (2016). Lintlha tsa kelello tse kenyelletsang takatso ea thobalano, liketso tsa thobalano le khotsofalo ea thobalano: Maikutlo a fapaneng. Li-Archives tsa Boitšoaro ba thobalano, 45 (8), 2029-2045. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-014-0467-z Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Ho theosa, Monghali J., Antebi, N., & Schrimshaw, E. W. (2014). Ts'ebeliso e qobelloang ea litaba tsa thobalano tse thehiloeng marang-rang: Ho amohela le ho netefatsa tšebeliso ea "Scaleive Internet Use Scale" (CIUS) e qobelloang.. Baetsi ba Behaviors, 39 (6), 1126-1130. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.03.007 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Dufour, M., Brunelle, N., Tremblay, J., Leclerc, D., Cousineau, M.M., Khazaal, Y., Légaré, A. A., Rousseau, M., & Berbiche, D. (2016). Phapang pakeng tsa bong ka tšebeliso ea marang-rang le mathata a marang-rang har'a liithuti tsa sekolo se phahameng sa Quebec. Koranta ea Canada ea Psychiatry, 61 (10), 663-668. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743716640755 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Favez, N., Tissot, H., Koloi, P., Golay, P., & Cairo Notari, S. (2016). Ho netefatsoa ha mofuta oa Sefora oa Boiphihlelo bo Haufi le Kamano ea Tsamaiso (ECR-R) Potso ea batho ba baholo ba nang le tšebeliso ea batho ba baholo.. Koranta ea Switzerland ea Psychology, 75 (3), 113-121. doi:https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000177 CrossrefGoogle Setsebi
Ferreri, F., Bourla, A., Mouchabac, S., & Karila, L. (2018). E-Adictology: Tlhatlhobo ea theknoloji e ncha ea ho hlahloba le ho kenella ka boits'oaro bo bobebe. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 51. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00051 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Franc, E., Khazaal, Y., Jasiowka, K., Lepera, T., Bianchi-Demicheli, F., & Rothen, S. (2018). Sebopeho sa lintlha tsa polokelo ea lipotso tsa Cybersex Motives. Tlaleho ea Bokooa ba Boitšoaro, 7 (3), 601-609. doi:https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.67 LinkGoogle Setsebi
Frangos, C. C., Frangos, C. C., & Sotiropoulos, I. (2010). Ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete hara baithuti ba univesithi ea Greece: Boikemisetso bo hlophisehileng ba ho beha mabaka ka lintho tse ka bang kotsing ea litumelo tse mpe tsa kelello, libaka tsa bootsoa le lipapali tsa marang-rang.. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, le Social Networking, 14 (1-2), 51-58. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0306 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Grazioli, V. S., Mokotla, C. L., Thuto, J., Bertholet, N., Rougemont-Bücking A., Mohler-Kuo, M., Daeppen, J. B., & Gmel, G. (2018). Matšoao a sithabetsang, tšebeliso ea joala le ho sebetsana le sepheo sa ho noha: Ho hlahloba litsela tse fapaneng tsa liteko tsa ho ipolaea har'a bahlankana. Tlaleho ea Mathata a Amehang, 232, 243-251. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.028 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Grov, C., Gillespie, B. J., Royce, T., & Lever, J. (2011). Liphetho tse lemohuoang tsa thobalano e atamelaneng ea thobalano ho likamano tsa bong bo fapaneng: Tlhahlobo ea inthaneteng ea US. Li-Archives tsa Boitšoaro ba thobalano, 40 (2), 429-439. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-010-9598-z Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Li-Grubbs, J. B., Volk, F., Hlahisa, J. J., & Khang, K. I. (2015). Ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng: Ho lemalla tahi, khatello ea maikutlo le netefatso ea mohato o mokhuts'oanyane. Lits'oants'o tsa thobalano le tsa bongaka tsa lenyalo, 41 (1), 83-106. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2013.842192 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Litekanyetso tsa cutoff bakeng sa li-index tse lumellanang tlhahlobisong ea sebopeho sa covariance: Litekanyetso tse tloaelehileng le litloaelo tse ncha. Modelling Equation Modelling: Tlaleho ea Multidisciplinary, 6 (1), 1-55. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118 CrossrefGoogle Setsebi
Jones, A., Keletso, B., Houben, K., Nederkoorn, C., & Masimo, M. (2018). Na liphetoho tsa letsatsi le letsatsi taolong ea inhibitory li bolela esale pele ka lino tse tahang? Boithuto ba nakoana ba tlhahlobo ea tlhaho. Psychopharmacology, 235 (5), 1487-1496. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-018-4860-5 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Kafka, M. P. (2010). Hypersexual disorder: Tlhahlobo e reriloeng ea DSM-V. Li-Archives tsa Boitšoaro ba thobalano, 39 (2), 377-400. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-009-9574-7 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Karila, L., Wéry, A., Weinstein, A., Cottencin, O., Nyenyane, A., Reynaud, M., & Billieux, J. (2014). Bokhoba ba thobalano kapa khatello ea maikutlo: Litlhaloso tse fapaneng tsa bothata bo tšoanang? Tlhahlobo ea lingoliloeng. Moralo oa Hona joale oa Bongaka, 20 (25), 4012-4020. doi:https://doi.org/10.2174/13816128113199990619 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Khazaal, Y., Akabe, S., Billieux, J., Thorens, G., Zullino, D., Dufour, M., & Rothen, S. (2015). Sebopeho sa lintlha tsa Tlhahlobo ea Tlatsetso ea Inthanete ho libapali tsa inthaneteng le libapali tsa poker. JMIR Mental Health, 2 (2), e12. doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/mental.3805 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Khazaal, Y., Breivik, K., Billieux, J., Zullino, D., Thorens, G., Akabe, S., Gmel, G., & Chatton, A. (2018). Tlhahlobo ea tlhekefetso ea papali ea papali ea papali ea papali ka ho latela mohlala oa baemeli ba baholo ba naha:. Tlaleho ea Patlo ea Inthanete ea Bongaka, 20 (8), e10058. doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/10058 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Khazaal, Y., Chatton, A., Akabe, S., Chelete, G., Thorens, G., Dufour, M., Zullino, D., & Rothen, S. (2017). Bacha ba marang-rang ba fapana ka mefuta ea sechaba: Tlhahlobo ea sehlopha sa morao-rao. Tlaleho ea Lithuto tsa Papali ea Papali ea Chelete, 33 (3), 881-897. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-016-9664-0 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Khazaal, Y., Chatton, A., Atwi, K., Zullino, D., Khan, R., & Billieux, J. (2011). Netefatso ea Searabia ea Scale e Ts'ebelletsang ea Tšebeliso ea Marang-rang (CIUS). Phekolo ea Tlhekefetso ea Lithethefatsi, Thibelo, le Leano, 6 (1), 32. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-597X-6-32 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Khazaal, Y., Chatton, A., Lenaka, A., Akabe, S., Thorens, G., Zullino, D., & Billieux, J. (2012). Netefatso ea Sefora ea Scale e Ts'ebelletsang ea Tšebeliso ea Marang-rang (CIUS). Psychiatric Quarterly, 83 (4), 397-405. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-012-9210-x Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Khazaal, Y., van Singer, M., Chatton, A., Akabe, S., Zullino, D., Rothen, S., Khan, R., Billieux, J., & Thorens, G. (2014). Na boitlhopho bo ama boemeli ba sampole litlhahlobong tsa inthanete? Patlisiso patlisisong ea lipapali tsa video tsa inthanete. Tlaleho ea Patlo ea Inthanete ea Bongaka, 16 (7), e164. doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2759 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Király, O., Urbán, R., Griffiths, M. D., Ostongoston, C., Se-Nagygyörgy, K., Kökönyei, G., & Demetrovics, Z. (2015). Kameho e kopanyang ea sepheo sa papali pakeng tsa matšoao a kelello le lipapali tsa marang-rang tse nang le bothata: Tlhahlobo ea inthaneteng. Tlaleho ea Patlo ea Inthanete ea Bongaka, 17 (4), e88. doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.3515 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Laier, C., & Brand, M. (2014). Bopaki bo matla le ho nahanisisa ka lintlha tse tlatsetsang ho lemaletseng ts'ebetso ea cybersex ho tsoa ponong ea boitšoaro. Ho lemalla thobalano le ho qobella, 21 (4), 305-321. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10720162.2014.970722 CrossrefGoogle Setsebi
Laier, C., Pawlikowski, M., Pekal, J., Schulte, F. P., & Brand, M. (2013). Lefu la Cybersex: Ho tsosoa takatso ea ho kopanela liphate ha motho a shebeletse litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, eseng liketso tsa ho kopanela liphate le batho ba bang, o etsa phapang. Tlaleho ea Bokooa ba Boitšoaro, 2 (2), 100-107. doi:https://doi.org/10.1556/JBA.2.2013.002 LinkGoogle Setsebi
Laier, C., Pekal, J., & Brand, M. (2014). Thibelo ea ts'ebetso ea cybersex ho basebelisi ba basali ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete e ka hlalosoa ka tšusumetso ea boithati. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, le Social Networking, 17 (8), 505-511. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2013.0396 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Laier, C., Pekal, J., & Brand, M. (2015). Ho nyakalla ka thobalano le ho se sebetse hantle ho kopitsa bokhoba ba cybersex ho banna ba basodoma. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, le Social Networking, 18 (10), 575-580. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2015.0152 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Laier, C., Wegmann, E., & Brand, M. (2018). Botho le temoho ho libapali: Litabatabelo tsa ho qoba ho nka kamano lipakeng tsa litšobotsi tsa botho bo bobe le matšoao a lefu la lipapali tsa inthanete. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 304-304. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00304 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Leiblum, S. R. (1997). Thobalano le net: Litlamorao tsa Clinical. Raliphatlalatso la Thuto ea Thobalano le Phekolo, 22 (1), 21-27. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01614576.1997.11074167 CrossrefGoogle Setsebi
Levine, S. B. (2003). Tlhaho ea takatso ea thobalano: Maikutlo a ngaka. Li-Archives tsa Boitšoaro ba thobalano, 32 (3), 279-285. doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023421819465 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Tšoaea, K. P., Toland, M. D., Rosenkrantz, D. E., Brown, H. M., & Hong, S.H. (2018). Netefatso ea lenane la thobalano la takatso ea thobalano, batho ba ratanang le ba bong bo tšoanang le ba batho ba bong bo tšoanang.. Psychology ea Thobalano ea Thobalano le Phapang ea Bong, 5 (1), 122-128. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000260 CrossrefGoogle Setsebi
Meerkerk, G. J., Van Den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., Vermulst, A. A., & Garretsen, H. F. L. (2009). The Scaleive Internet Use Scale (CIUS): Lits'oants'o tse ling tsa psychometric. CyberPsychology & Boitšoaro, 12 (1), 1-6. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2008.0181 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Miner, M. H., Coleman, E., Setsi, B. A., Ross, M., & Rosser, B. R. S. (2007). Tlhatlhobo ea Boitlhokahalo ba Thobalano ea Thobalano: thepa ea Psychometric. Li-Archives tsa Boitšoaro ba thobalano, 36 (4), 579-587. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-006-9127-2 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Muller, M., Brand, M., Bo-mme J., Lachmann, B., Sariyska, R. Y., & Montag, C. (2017). The 2D: Letšoao la 4D le mefuta e fapaneng ea tšebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 8, 213. Doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00213 Google Setsebi
Park, S., Hong, K.-E. M., Park, E. J., Ha, K. S., & Ee, H. J. (2012). Kopano pakeng tsa ts'ebeliso e mpe ea marang-rang le khatello ea maikutlo, maikutlo a ho ipolaea le matšoao a ho ferekana kelellong ho bacha ba Korea. Koranta ea Australia le New Zealand ea Psychiatry, 47 (2), 153-159. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867412463613 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Pfaus, J. G. (2009). Tlhahlobo: Litsela tsa takatso ea ho kopanela liphate. Koranta ea Bongaka ba Thobalano, 6 (6), 1506-1533. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01309.x Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Philaretou, A. G., Mahfouz, A. Y., & Allen, K. R. (2005). Tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng le boiketlo ba banna. Koranta ea Machaba ea Bophelo ba banna, 4 (2), 149-169. doi:https://doi.org/10.3149/jmh.0402.149 CrossrefGoogle Setsebi
Putnam, D. E., & Maheu, M. M. (2000). Tlhakisetso ea botona le botšehali marang-rang: Ho kopanya lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang le mekhoa ea bophelo bo botle kalafong kalafong. Ho lemalla thobalano le ho qobella, 7 (1-2), 91-112. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10720160008400209 CrossrefGoogle Setsebi
Reid, R. C., Li, D. S., Gilliland, R., Stein, J. A., & Fong, T. (2011). Ho ts'epahala, ho nepahala, le kholo ea kholo ea ts'ebetso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho sampole ea banna ba hypersexual. Lits'oants'o tsa thobalano le tsa bongaka tsa lenyalo, 37 (5), 359-385. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2011.607047 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Robinson, T. E., & Berridge, K. C. (2008). Khopolo ea tšusumetso ea matla a ho lematsa: Litaba tse ling tsa hona joale. Phetohelo ea Philosophical ea Royal Society B: Litsebi tsa Bioloji, 363 (1507), 3137-3146. doi:https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0093 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Boroa, S. (2008). Phekolo ea boitšoaro bo qobelloang ba cybersex. Clinchiatric Clinics, 31 (4), 697-712. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2008.06.003 Google Setsebi
Spector, I. P., Tlhokomelo, M. P., & Steinberg, L. (1996). Tlhatlhobo ea Takatso ea Thobalano: Nts'etsopele, sebopeho sa lintlha, le bopaki ba ho ts'epahala. Lits'oants'o tsa thobalano le tsa bongaka tsa lenyalo, 22 (3), 175-190. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00926239608414655 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Starcevic, V., & Khazaal, Y. (2017). Kamano lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba boitšoaro le mathata a kelello: Ke eng e tsejoang le e sa ntseng e lokela ho ithutoa? Frontiers in Psychiatry, 8, 53. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00053 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Sumter, S. R., Vandenbosch, L., & Ligtenberg, L. (2017). Nthate Tinder: Ho nyenyefatsa lits'usumetso tsa batho ba baholo ba hlahang ha ba sebelisa Tinder ea kopo. Telematics le Informatics, 34 (1), 67-78. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2016.04.009 CrossrefGoogle Setsebi
Varfi, N., Rothen, S., Jasiowka, K., Lepera, T., Bianchi-Demicheli, F., & Khazaal, Y. (2019). Takatso ea thobalano, maikutlo a bophelo, mokhoa oa ho ikamahanya le maemo, boitšepo le ho itšepa e le lintho tse boletsoeng esale pele bakeng sa ho lemalla cybersex. JMIR Mental Health, 6 (1), e9978. doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/mental.9978 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Voon, V., Mole, T. B., Banca, P., Porter, L., Morris, L., Mitchell, S., Lapa, T. R., Karr, J., Harrison, N. A., Potenza, M. N., & Irvine, M. (2014). Litlamorao tsa Neural tsa reacization ea boitšoaro ba thobalano ho batho ba nang le boits'oaro bo sa qobelloeng. PloS One, 9 (7), e102419. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102419 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Wartberg, L., Petersen, K.U., Kamerl, R., Rosenkranz, M., & Thomasius, R. (2014). Tlhahiso ea Psychometric ea mofuta oa Sejeremane oa Scale e Ts'ebelletsang ea Tšebeliso ea Inthanete. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, le Social Networking, 17 (2), 99-103. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0689 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Weinstein, A. M., Zolek, R., Babkin, A., Cohen, K., & Lejoyeux, M. (2015). Lintho tse bolelang esale pele ho sebelisa litaba tsa thobalano le mathata ho theha likamano tse haufi-ufi har'a basebeletsi ba banna le basali ba inthaneteng. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 6, 54. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00054 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Wéry, A., & Billieux, J. (2017). Bothata ba cybersex: Khopolo-taba, tlhahlobo le kalafo. Baetsi ba Behaviors, 64, 238-246. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.11.007 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Wéry, A., Deleuze, J., Kanale, N., & Billieux, J. (2018). Maikutlong a tšohanyetso a kenang le ts'usumetso e amehang ho hakeng tšebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea thobalano inthaneteng ho banna. Psychiatry e Phethahetseng, 80, 192-201. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.10.004 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Wéry, A., Karila, L., Sutter, P. D., & Billieux, J. (2014). Conceptualisation, envaluation et traitement de la dépendance cybersexuelle: Une revue de la littérature [Conceptualization, hlahloba, le kalafo ea ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa cybersexual: Tlhahlobo ea lingoliloeng]. Canada Psychology / Psychologie Canadienne, 55 (4), 266-281. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038103 CrossrefGoogle Setsebi
Hong, R. K. F., Inoue, A., & Kawakami, N. (2017). Ho nepahala le thepa ea psychometric ea mofuta oa Sejapane oa Scale ea Ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang e Ts'oarellang (CIUS). BMC Psychiatry, 17 (1), 201. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1364-5 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Bacha, K. S. (2008). Tlhakisetso ea likamano tsa botona le botšehali inthaneteng: Lintho tse ka u behang kotsing, methating ea kholo, le kalafo. Saense ea Boitšoaro ba Ma-Amerika, 52 (1), 21-37. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764208321339 CrossrefGoogle Setsebi
Bacha, K. S., & Brand, M. (2017). Ho kopanya mefuta ea theoretical le mekhoa ea kalafo maemong a tlisoang ke papali ea marang-rang: pono ea motho. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1853. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01853 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi
Zanetta Dauriat, F., Zermatten, A., Billieux, J., Thorens, G., Bondolfi, G., Zullino, D., & Khazaal, Y. (2011). Khothaletso ea ho bapala ka ho khetheha e bolela esale pele ho kenella ha lipapali tsa ho bapala lipapali tse ngata tse ngata tse fumanehang inthaneteng: Bopaki bo tsoang phuputsong ea inthaneteng. Patlisiso ea Bokhoba ba Europe, 17 (4), 185-189. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000326070 Crossref, MedlineGoogle Setsebi