Ho shebahala ka thobalano ka ho kopanela liphate United States Ho ea ka Lenyalo le Khethiloeng le Tsela ea Bophelo, Mosebetsi le Mesebetsi, Bolumeli le Lintho tsa Lipolotiki (2017)

Li-Frutos, AM le Merrill, RM

Thobalano le Setso (2017).

doi:10.1007/s12119-017-9438-6

inahaneloang

Morero oa thuto ea morao-rao e ne e le ho lekola tšebeliso e hlakileng ea tšebeliso ea lifilimi tsa botona le botšehali ho banna le basali United States ho latela kamano, mokhoa oa bophelo, mosebetsi, lichelete, bolumeli le lipolotiki. Ho hlahlojoa ho kenyelletsa batho ba baholo ba 11,372 ba arabileng lipotso tse mabapi le palo ea batho le tšebeliso e hlakileng ea tšebeliso ea lifilimi tsa thobalano ho General Social Survey (GSS) ho tloha 2000 ho ea 2014. Ho shebella filimi e totobetseng ea thobalano selemong se fetileng e ne e le kholo haholo ho banna ho feta basali (35 vs. 16%); Bosoeu ho feta Whites (33 vs. 22%); mme ha ho mohla a nyalang (41 vs. 18% a nyetse, 31% ea arohaneng, le 24% ba hlalane). E boetse e fokotsehile ka botsofe, thuto e phahameng, le bana ba eketsehileng ka lapeng.

Kamora phetoho ea mohlala bakeng sa lintho tsena, ho shebella filimi e hlakileng ea thobalano e ne e amahanngoa le likamano tse 'maloa, mokhoa oa bophelo, lichelete, bolumeli, lipolotiki le lintho tse ling tse fapaneng. Mohlala, ho shebella lifilimi tse joalo ho ne ho amana le thabo e nyane lenyalong, balekane ba bangata ba thobalano selemong se fetileng, khotsofalo e fokolang ka boemo ba hau ba lichelete, ho se be le khetho ea bolumeli, le maikutlo a lipolotiki a lokolohileng.

Litlamorao tsa tse ling tse fapaneng lipontšong tsa bootsoa li ne li fapane pakeng tsa banna le basali. Mohlala, ho banna le basali ba inkang e se “ba moea”, banna ba ne ba na le monyetla oa ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho feta basali. Ho shebella lifilimi tse hlakileng ho kopanela liphate ho amahanngoa le maemo a tsoang libakeng tse sa tšoaneng, ho kenyelletsa boleng ba kamano e futsanehileng, maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate ka ho fetisisa a bobebe, maemo a futsanehileng a moruo, maikutlo a fokolang a bolumeli kapa boitlamo, le maikutlo a lipolotiki a mangata.

Keywords Erotica / litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Banyalani / lenyalo / lerato Phapang ea bong Bongata / lipalo-palo / phuputso Bolumeli GSS

References

  1. Albright, J. (2008). Thobalano Amerika inthaneteng: Tlhahlobo ea thobalano, maemo a lenyalo le boits'oaro ba botona le botšehali ho batla thobalano marang-rang le litlamorao tsa eona. Journal ea Lipatlisiso tsa thobalano, 45(2), 175-186. Doi:10.1080/00224490801987481.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  2. Allen, M., Emmers, T., Gebhardt, L., & Giery, MA (1995). Ho hlahisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho amohela tšōmo ea peto. Tlaleho ea Khokahano, 45(1), 5-26.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  3. Allen, K., & Lavender-Stott, E. (2015). Maemo a lelapa a thuto e sa reroang ea thobalano: Maikutlo a bahlankana ka litšoantšo tsa pele tsa thobalano. Kamano ea Lelapa, 64(3), 393-406. Doi:10.1111 / fa.12128.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  4. Angres, DH, & Bettinardi-Angres, K. (2008). Boloetse ba bokhoba: Tšimoloho, kalafo le ho fola. Lefu la Khoeling, 54, 696-721.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  5. Baumeister, RF, Catanese, KR, & Vohs, KD (2001). Na ho na le phapang pakeng tsa bong ka matla a ho khanna thobalano? Maikutlo a thuto, likhakanyo tsa mohopolo le tlhahlobo ea bopaki bo nepahetseng. Boitšoaro le Tlhahlobo ea Psychology ea Sechaba, 5(3), 242-273.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  6. Beauregard, E., Lussier, P., & Proulx, J. (2004). Patlo ea lintlha tsa kholo tse amanang le litakatso tse fosahetseng tsa thobalano hara batho ba betileng ba baholo. Tlhekefetso ea Thobalano Buka ea Lipatlisiso le Phekolo, 16(2), 151-161. Doi:10.1023 / b: sebu.0000023063.94781.bd.Google Setsebi
  7. Berridge, KC, & Robinson, TE (2002). Kelello ea bokooa bo lemaletseng: Neural sensitization ea ho batla le ho rata. Ho JT Cacioppo, GG Bernston, R. Adolphs, et al. (Eds.), Metheo ho Social Neuroscience (maq. 565-572). Cambridge, MA: Tobetsa ea MIT.Google Setsebi
  8. Boeringer, SB (1994). Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le pefo ea botona le botšehali: Litloaelano tsa litšoantšo tse mabifi le tse se nang tlokotsi ka ho betoa le ho betoa. Boitšoaro bo hlephileng, 15(3), 289-304.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  9. Marokho, AJ, & Morokoff, PJ (2010). Ts'ebeliso ea media ea thobalano le khotsofalo e amanang le thobalano ho banyalani ba bong bo fapaneng. Likamano tsa Botho, 18(4), 562-585. Doi:10.1111 / j.1475-6811.2010.01328.x.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  10. Burns, RJ (2002). Maikutlo a basali ba marang-rang a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ke a basali le ho amohela likarolo tsa basali tsa basali (leq. 11). Austin, Texas: Lefapha la Lithuto tsa Puisano, Univesithi ea Texas.Google Setsebi
  11. Buzzell, T. (2005). Litšobotsi tsa palo ea batho ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa litabeng tse tharo tsa theknoloji. Tekano le Tloaelo, 9(1), 28-48. Doi:10.1007 / bf02908761.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  12. Coleman, E., Horvath, K., Miner, M., Ross, M., Oakes, M., & Rosser, B. (2009). Boitšoaro bo qobelloang ba thobalano le kotsi ea thobalano e sa bolokehang hara inthanete ho sebelisa banna ba etsang thobalano le banna. Litlaleho tsa Boitšoaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 39(5), 1045-1053. Doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9507-5.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  13. Phoka, B., Brubaker, M., & Hays, D. (2006). Ho tloha aletareng ho ea marang-rang: Banyalani le boitšoaro ba bona ba thobalano inthaneteng. Ho lemalla thobalano le ho qobella, 13(2-3), 195-207. Doi:10.1080/10720160600870752.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  14. Doran, K., & Theko, J. (2014). Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le lenyalo. Journal ea Mathata a Lelapa le a Moruo, 35(4), 489-498. Doi:10.1007/s10834-014-9391-6.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  15. Nako e telele, J., & Ensom, R. (2012). Kotlo ea 'mele ea bana: lithuto ho tsoa lilemong tse 20 tsa lipatlisiso. Koranta ea Mokhatlo oa Bongaka oa Canada, 184(12), 1373-1377.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  16. Evert, J. (2016). Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Catholiceducation.org. E khutlisitsoe 1 September 2016, ho tloha http://www.catholiceducation.org/en/marriage-and-family/parenting/pornography.html.
  17. Fisher, W., Kohut, T., Di Gioacchino, L., & Fedoroff, P. (2013). Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, botlokotsebe ba thobalano, le lipapiso. Litlaleho tsa hajoale tsa Psychiatry. doi:10.1007/s11920-013-0362-7.Google Setsebi
  18. Flisher, C. (2010). Ho kenngoa: Tlhahlobo ea bokhoba ba marang-rang. Lits'oants'o tsa bophelo ba bana le bophelo ba bana, 46, 557-559.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  19. Foubert, J., & Bridges, A. (2015). Kgohedi ke eng? Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisa sepheo mabapi le ho kenella ha batho ba shebelletseng. Journal of Violence ea Botho. doi:10.1177/0886260515596538.Google Setsebi
  20. Georgiadis, JR (2006). Liphetoho tsa phallo ea mali a khubung ea tikoloho tse amanang le li-orgasm tse kentsoeng ho basali ba phetseng hantle. Koranta ea Europe ea Neuroscience, 24(11), 3305-3316.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  21. Boithuto ba Sechaba ka kakaretso ba GSS (2016). E khutlisoa ho http://gss.norc.org/.
  22. Harper, C., & Hodgins, D. (2016). Ho hlahloba likamano tsa mathata a marang-rang a marang-rang a sebelisang har'a baithuti ba univesithi. Litaba tsa Boitšoaro ba Boitšoaro, 5(2), 179-191. Doi:10.1556/2006.5.2016.022.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  23. Hilton, DL (2013). Ho lemalla ho sheba litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ka ho sheba litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso — Ke tšusumetso e ikhethang e nkoang e le maemong a amanang le neuroplasticity. Boikarabello ba thuto ea sechaba le Psychology, 3, 20767. Doi:10.3402 / snp.v3i0.20767.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  24. Hudson Jr., D. (2002). Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le manyala | First Amendment Center - litaba, litlhaloso, tlhahlobo ea puo ea mahala, boralitaba, bolumeli, kopano, kopo. Lebohang.org. E khutlisitsoe ka la 1 Loetse 2016, ho tloha http://www.firstamendmentcenter.org/pornography-obscenity.
  25. Kafka, MP (2000). Mathata a amanang le paraphilia: Ho se ts'oane le batho ba bong bo fapaneng le ho ba makhoba a thobalano. Ho SR Leiblum & RC Rosen (Eds.), Melao-motheo le Tloaelo ea Phekolo ea Thobalano (3rd ed., Maq. 471-503). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Setsebi
  26. Kim, S., & Lee, C. (2015). Lintho tse amang tšoaetso ea likobo ho baithuti ba sekolo se phahameng sa Korea Boroa. Nursing ea Bophelo ba Sechaba, 33(3), 179-188. Doi:10.1111 / phn.12211.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  27. Kingston, D., Fedoroff, P., Firestone, P., Curry, S., & Bradford, J. (2008). Ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le tlhekefetso ea thobalano: Kameho ea makhetlo le mofuta oa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisoa ho iphetetsa har'a batho ba etsang thobalano. Boitšoaro bo Mabifi, 34(4), 341-351. Doi:10.1002 / ab.20250.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  28. Kraus, S., Martino, S., & Potenza, M. (2016). Litšobotsi tsa bongaka tsa banna ba ratang ho batla kalafo bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Litaba tsa Boitšoaro ba Boitšoaro, 5(2), 169-178. Doi:10.1556/2006.5.2016.036.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  29. Lambert, N., Negash, S., Stillman, T., Olmstead, S., & Fincham, F. (2012). Lerato le sa feleng: Ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le boitlamo bo fokolang ho motho eo u ratanang le eena. Tlaleho ea Psychology ea Sechaba le ea Clinical, 31(4), 410-438. Doi:10.1521 / jscp.2012.31.4.410.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  30. Mosebetsi Layden, MA (2010). Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le pefo: Tsela e ncha ea ho etsa lipatlisiso. Ho J. Stoner & D. Hughes (Bahlophisi), Litšenyehelo tsa sechaba tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro: Pokello ea lipampiri (maq. 57-68). Princeton, NJ: Setsi sa Witherspoon.Google Setsebi
  31. MacInnis, C., & Hodson, G. (2014). Na batho ba Amerika ba na le batho ba bangata ba bolumeli kapa ba tloaetseng ho batla lintho tse amanang le thobalano ho Google? Litlaleho tsa Boitšoaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 44(1), 137-147. Doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0361-8.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  32. Maddox, A., Rhoades, G., & Markman, H. (2009). Ho sheba lisebelisoa tse totobatsang thobalano ba le bang kapa ba le 'moho: Mekhatlo e nang le boleng ba kamano. Litlaleho tsa Boitšoaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 40(2), 441-448. Doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9585-4.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  33. Malamuth, N., Addison, T., & Koss, M. (2012). Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le tlhekefetso ea thobalano: Na ho na le litlamorao tse tšepahalang mme na re ka li utloisisa? Tlhahlobo ea Selemo le Selemo ea Phuputso ea Thobalano 11(1), 26-91.Google Setsebi
  34. Mesch, G. (2009). Maqhama a botsoalle le ho pepesetsoa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng har'a bacha. Tlaleho ea Bacha, 32(3), 601-618. Doi:10.1016 / j.adolescence.2008.06.004.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  35. Paul, P. (2007). Pornified: Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li fetola bophelo ba rona, likamano tsa rona le malapa a rona (maq. 155-156). New York, NY: Henry Hold le CoGoogle Setsebi
  36. Paul, P. (2010). Ho tloha litšoantšong tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho ea ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ho J. Stoner & D. Hughes (Bahlophisi), Litšenyehelo tsa sechaba tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro: Pokello ea lipampiri (maq. 3-20). Princeton, NJ: Setsi sa Witherspoon.Google Setsebi
  37. Perry, S. (2016a). Na ho shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho fokotsa boleng ba lenyalo ha nako e ntse e feta? Bopaki bo tsoang data e fumanehang ka nako e telele. Litlaleho tsa Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali. doi:10.1007 / s10508-016-0770-y.Google Setsebi
  38. Perry, S. (2016b). Ho tloha bobeng ho ea bobeng bo fetisisang? Tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​tumelo e nyalaneng, bong le boleng ba lenyalo. Setsi sa litaba tsa sechaba 31(2), 441-464. Doi:10.1111 / socf.12252.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  39. Poulsen, FO, Busby, DM, & Galovan, AM (2013). Ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa: Ke mang ea e sebelisang le hore na e amana joang le sephetho sa banyalani. Journal of Sex Research, 50(1), 72-83.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  40. Rasmussen, K., & Bierman, Alex. (2016). Ho ba teng bolumeling ho ama litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro joang nakong eohle ea bocha? Tlaleho ea Bacha, 49, 191-203. Doi:10.1016 / j.adolescence.2016.03.017.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  41. Regan, PC, & Atkins, L. (2006). Liphapang tsa thobalano le ho ts'oana khafetsa le matla a takatso ea thobalano. Boitšoaro ba Botho le Botho: Tlaleho ea Machabeng, 34(1), 95-101.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  42. Romito, P., & Beltramini, L. (2011). Ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro: Liphapang tsa bong, pefo le tlhekefetso. Phuputso e entsoeng Italy. Pefo khahlanong le Basali, 17(10), 1313-1326. Doi:10.1177/1077801211424555.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  43. Ross, MW, Mansson, SA, & Daneback, K. (2014). Ho ata, ho tiea le likamano tsa bothata ba ts'ebeliso ea inthanete ho banna le basali ba Sweden. Litlaleho tsa Boitšoaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 41(2), 459-466.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  44. Rothman, E., & Adhia, A. (2015). Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa bacha li sebelisa pefo le ho laetsana le batho ba bang har'a batho ba batšo le ba Masepanishe, ba lulang litoropong le ba lilemong tsa bocha. Mahlale a Boitšoaro, 6(1), 1-11. Doi:10.3390 / bs6010001.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  45. Sherkat, DE, & Ellison, CG (1997). Sebopeho sa boits'oaro ba ntoa ea boitšoaro: Boprostanta ba Conservative le khanyetso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Makhotla a Sechaba, 75(3), 957-982.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  46. Siliva, A. (2010). Seo Bebele e se buang ka thobalano. Time. http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2027582,00.html.
  47. Stack, S., Wasserman, I., & Kern, R. (2004). Likamano tsa batho ba baholo le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng. Science Science Quarterly, 85(1), 75-88.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  48. Stanley, N., Barter, C., Wood, M., Aghtaie, N., Larkins, C., Lanau, A., et al. (2016). Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, ho qhekella thobalano le tlhekefetso le ho romellana melaetsa ka litšoantšo tse litšila likamanong tsa bacha tsa bacha. Journal of Violence ea Botho. doi:10.1177/0886260516633204.Google Setsebi
  49. Stein, D., Mnyama, D., Shapira, N., & Spitzer, R. (2001). Boloetse ba Hypersexual le ho ameha haholo ka litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa inthanete. Journal of American Psychiatry, 158(10), 1590-1594. Doi:10.1176 / appi.ajp.158.10.1590.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  50. Sümer, Z. (2014). Bong, tumelo, ts'ebetso ea thobalano, tsebo ea thobalano le maikutlo mabapi le likarolo tse hanyetsanang tsa thobalano. Journal of Religion and Health, 54(6), 2033-2044. Doi:10.1007/s10943-014-9831-5.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  51. Tjaden, PG (1988). Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le thuto ea thobalano. Journal of Sex Research, 24, 208-212.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  52. Tokunaga, R., Wright, P., & McKinley, C. (2014). Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa batho ba baholo ba Amerika ho sheba le ho ts'ehetsa ho ntša mpa: Phuputso ea maqhubu a mararo. Khokahano ea Bophelo, 30(6), 577-588. Doi:10.1080/10410236.2013.875867.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  53. Tolman, DL, Striepe, MI, & Harmon, T. (2003). Litaba tsa bong: Ho theha mohlala oa bophelo bo botle ba thobalano lilemong tsa bocha. Journal ea Lipatlisiso tsa thobalano, 40, 4-12. Doi:10.1080/00224490309552162.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  54. West, J. (1999). (Eseng) ho bua ka thobalano: Bacha, boitsebahatso le thobalano. Tlhahlobo 47, 525-547. Doi:10.1111 / 1467-954X.00183.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  55. Willoughby, B., Carroll, J., Busby, D., & Brown, C. (2015). Phapang ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e sebelisoa har'a banyalani: Mekhatlo e nang le khotsofalo, botsitso le lits'ebetso tsa likamano. Litlaleho tsa Boitšoaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 45(1), 145-158. Doi:10.1007/s10508-015-0562-9.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  56. Wright, P. (2012a). Tlhahlobo e nka nako e telele ea pono ea batho ba baholo ea US ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Tlaleho ea Media Psychology, 24(2), 67-76. Doi:10.1027 / 1864-1105 / a000063.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  57. Wright, P. (2012b). Tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, tšebeliso ea koae, le thobalano e tloaelehileng ho batho ba baholo ba US. Litlaleho tsa kelello 111(1), 305-310. Doi:10.2466 / 18.02.13.pr0.111.4.305-310.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  58. Wright, P. (2013). Banna ba United States le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, 1973-2010: Ho sebelisoa, li-predictors, li-correlates. Journal ea Lipatlisiso tsa thobalano, 50(1), 60-71. Doi:10.1080/00224499.2011.628132.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  59. Wright, P., & Bae, S. (2013). Ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le maikutlo mabapi le bosodoma: Thuto ea naha e telele. Patlisiso ea Puisano ea Batho, 39(4), 492-513. Doi:10.1111 / hcre.12009.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  60. Wright, P., Bae, S., & Funk, M. (2013). Basali ba United States le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro lilemong tse mashome a mane: Ho hlahisa maikutlo, boits'oaro, boits'oaro, liphapang tsa batho ka bomong. Litlaleho tsa Boitšoaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 42(7), 1131-1144. Doi:10.1007 / s10508-013-0116-y.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  61. Tekanyetso ea X. (2008) West's Encyclopedia of American Law, khatiso ea 2. (2008). E khutlisitsoe ka July 22 2016 ho tloha http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/X+Rating.
  62. Yang, X. (2015). Na boemo ba sechaba bo amanang le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa marang-rang? Bopaki bo tsoang li-2000 tsa pele ho la United States. Litlaleho tsa Boitšoaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 45(4), 997-1009. Doi:10.1007/s10508-015-0584-3.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi
  63. Zillmann, D. (1986). Litlamorao tsa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso nako e telele. Seboka sa mosebetsi oa Surgeon General mabapi le Litšoantšo tsa Bootsoa le Bophelo ba Sechaba, Arlington, Virginia. https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/access/NNBCKV.pdf.
  64. Zillmann, D. (2000). Tšusumetso ea phihlello e sa laoleheng ea erotica ho maikutlo a bacha le ba baholo ho maikutlo a botona le botšehali. Journal ea Bophelo bo Botle ba Bacha, 27(2), 41-44.CrossRefGoogle Setsebi