Lintlha Tse Bolelang ho Hlalosa Tšebeliso ea Cybersex le Mathata a ho Etsa Likamano Tse Amanang le Batho ba Batona le ba Basali ba Inthaneteng (2015)

Front Psychiatry. 2015 Apr 20; 6: 54. doi: 10.3389 / fpsyt.2015.00054. eCollection 2015.

Weinstein AM1, Zolek R1, Babkin A1, Cohen K1, Lejoyeux M2.

inahaneloang

Ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ho seng joalo ho tsejoang e le boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba thobalano ho amahanngoa le mathata a tebileng a kelello le boits'oaro ba ho ipeha kotsing. Phuputso ena e sebelisitse tlhahlobo ea bokhoba ba cybersex, Ho lakatsa lipotso tsa lipotso tsa bootsoa, ​​le Lenane la lipotso mabapi le kamano e haufi-ufi har'a barupeluoa ba 267 (banna ba 192 le basali ba 75) ba bolelang lilemo tsa banna 28.16 (SD = 6.8) le bakeng sa basali ba 25.5 (SD = 5.13) ba ileng ba hiroa hape ho tsoa libakeng tse khethehileng tse inehetseng ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le litaba tsa thobalano inthaneteng. Liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea khatello li bontšitse hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, bong le thobalano ka cybersex li boletse esale pele mathata a kamano e haufi mme e ikarabella ho 66.1% ea phapang ea litekanyetso lenaneng la lipotso tse haufi. Taba ea bobeli, tlhahlobo ea khatello ea maikutlo e boetse e bontšitse hore takatso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​bong le mathata a ho theha likamano tse haufi haholo e ile ea bolela esale pele makhetlo a ts'ebeliso ea cybersex mme e bile 83.7% ea phapang ea litekanyetso tsa ts'ebeliso ea cybersex. Taba ea boraro, banna ba ne ba e-na le makhetlo a mangata haholo a ho sebelisa li-cybersex ho feta basali [t (2,224) = 1.97, p <0.05] le litakatso tse phahameng tsa takatso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho feta basali [t (2,265) = 3.26, p <0.01] ebile ha ho na lintlha tse holimo lenaneng la lipotso tse lekanyang mathata a ho theha kamano e haufi ho feta basali [t (2,224) = 1, p = 0.32]. Liphuputso tsena li tšehetsa bopaki ba pejana ba phapang ea thobalano ka boits'oaro ba thobalano.

LINTLHA TSE LINGOLO: ho lakatsa; cybersex; kamano e haufi-ufi; litšoantšo tsa bootsoa; ho lemalla thobalano

Selelekela

Tšebeliso ea ho kopanela liphate e tsejoang e le mokhoa oa ho kopanela liphate, o amana le mathata a tebileng a kelello le boitšoaro bo bobe. Boitšoaro bona bo sa tsejoe e le bothata bo lokelang ho kenngoa DSM (1) bona Ref. (2-4) bakeng sa litlhahlobo tsa morao tjena. Ho sa tsotellehe maikutlo a sa tšoaneng mabapi le litšobotsi tsa mafu a ho kopanela liphate ho na le tumellano ea hore boemo bona bo tsoela pele ho khutlela morao, e seng feela ho bua ka bophelo ba ho kopanela liphate bo hlephileng sechabeng (2-4). Morao tjena, Mokhatlo oa American Psychiatric Board Board of Trustee o hanne litlhahiso tse 'maloa bakeng sa boloetse bo bocha' me kahoo ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ha ho hlahe DSM-5. Le hoja litsebi tsa lingaka li 'nile tsa sebetsana le bothata bona, Boto ea Batekisi ba liphuputso e ile ea hakanya hore ho ne ho se na patlisiso e lekaneng ea ho nahana ka ho eketsa bothata ba Karolong ea 3 (mathata a hlokang lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng) ea DSM-5 (5).

Ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ho amahanngoa le mekhoa ea boitšoaro e kang ho lula u batla balekane ba bacha ba bacha, ho ba le likamano tsa botona le botšehali khafetsa, ho kopanela liphate ka morero oa ho ipholla litho tsa botona le botšehali, le ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hangata. Ho sa tsotellehe boiteko ba ho fokotsa kapa ho emisa boitšoaro bo feteletseng ba ho kopanela liphate batho ba nang le bothata ba ho kopanela liphate ba fumana ho le thata ho emisa le ho kopanela mesebetsing e kotsi ea thobalano, ho lefa litšebeletso tsa thobalano, le ho hana liphetoho tsa boitšoaro ho thibela kotsi ea HIV (6-9). Matšoao a kelello le a maikutlo a kenyeletsa maikutlo a mabeli a ho kopanela liphate, ho ikutloa a le molato ka boitšoaro bo feteletseng ba ho kopanela liphate, takatso ea ho baleha kapa ho thibela maikutlo a sa thabiseng, bolutu, boithati, ho itšepa, ho hlajoa ke liphiri mabapi le boitšoaro ba ho kopanela liphate, boitšoaro, ho hloka thahasello ho molekane ea tloaelehileng oa thobalano, khetho ea thobalano e sa tsejoeng, tloaelo ea ho khaola botsoalle bo haufi le thobalano, le ho hloka taolo likarolong tse ngata tsa bophelo (7, 8, 10, 11). Qetellong, lithuto tse ling li fumana hore ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ho amahanngoa le kapa ho arabela ka lefu lena le amang maikutlo (9, 12-16) kapa liketsahalo tse sithabetsang bophelong (17).

Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li na le karolo ea bohlokoa tabeng ea ho theha maikutlo a motheo ka boitsebahatso, thobalano, bohlokoa ba basali, likamano tsa basali, le liphello tsa bona tsa nako e telele tsa lithethefatsi. Ho fumaneha habonolo litabeng tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng ho fetela ho feta monahano oa batho le litoro le ho etsa hore ho be le liketsahalo tse bontšang ho kopanela liphate tse finyellang litakatso tsa ho se tsotelle le ho kopana liphate le basali ba teng kamehla bakeng sa menyaka e nang le tšusumetso e fokolang le ea nakoana. Ho kopanela liphate ka ho kopanela liphate ho kopanyelletsa ho sheba le ho kopitsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​ho etela mabenkele a thobalano bakeng sa lithuso tsa thobalano le lipapali, ho phatlalatsa kapa ho hira basebeletsi ba litaba tsa thobalano, ho batla boitsebiso ba thuto ea thobalano, ho fumana batho ba kopanelang liphate le ho kopana le li-subcultures tsa thobalano kapa metse (18). Ho ipapisa le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho fella ka ho itšehla thajana le ho khotsofatsoa ha setšoantšo, ho ba le kutloisiso e eketsehileng ea ts'oaetso ea tlhekefetso, le ho ba le kutloisiso e eketsehileng ea ho se sireletsehe ho basali, le ho banna ka moputso bakeng sa ho bonts'oa ha basali le ho hlekefetsa basali (19). Liphello tsena ha li bone feela likhopolong tsa banna tsa basali empa hape li bonahala ka maikutlo a basali ka bobona. Litloaelo tsa bootsoa bakeng sa likamano tsa botona le botšehali le ho kopanela liphate li hlahisa mefuta e mengata ea mecha ea litaba, livideo tsa mino, livideo tsa sebele tsa thelevishene, esita le lipapali tsa bana. Ka lebaka leo, ho ba thata ho khetholla litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse hlahisoang ke maemo a tloaelehileng a ho se tšoane ha bong bo botle ka setso sa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (20).

Hangata Inthaneteng ho kenyelletsa ho shebella, ho kopitsa le ho rekisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho Internet kapa ho kopanela likamoreng tsa puisano ho bapala lipapali tsa papali le litoro tsa banna (21) 'me sebaka sena se nolofalletsa batho ho hlahloba le ho batlisisa litakatso tsa bona tsa thobalano le litakatso tsa botho tsa marang-rang (22). Batho ba tsitsitseng Cybersex ba atisa ho laola maikutlo a bona 'me ba atisa ho ba le lithethefatsi tse ngata tsa joala, koae, lithethefatsi, papali ea chelete, lijo kapa thobalano. Haeba mofani oa inthaneteng a se a ntse a e-na le bothata ba ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate, inthanete e sebeletsa e le sebaka se seng sa ho khotsofatsa se fanang ka bothata bo fetileng. Leha ho le joalo, lipatlisiso tse ncha li fumanoe hore ho feta 65% ea ba lemalloang ke litaba tsa ho kopanela liphate ka Inthanete ha ba na histori ea ho lemalla thobalano (23). Ho na le liphuputso tse bontšang hore ho qoqa ka litaba tsa Inthaneteng ho ama mokuli, molekane oa hae le lelapa,24, 25). Liphuputso tse ling li fumane hore banna ba sebelisa cybersex bakeng sa tsamaiso ea maikutlo (26, 27). Le hoja cybersex e ka sebelisoa e le sehlahisoa sa ho kopanela liphate, ha ho na bopaki ba hore ba e sebelisang ba lemaletse ho kopanela liphate. Ke habohlokoa ho batlisisa kamano pakeng tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le ho shebella litaba tsa thobalano le ho netefatsa hore na liphello tsa bona ke bokhoni ba ho theha likamano tse haufi-ufi banna le basali.

Liphuputso tsa moraorao tsa Laier le Brand (28, 29) hlalosetsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso le ho sebelisa inthaneteng ka tsela ea ho kopanela liphate le ho khotsofatsa. Ho feta moo, Laier le Brand (30), o hlalositse mohlala ho nts'etsopele le tlhokomelo ea lithethefatsi tsa cybersex tse thehiloeng mofuteng oa ho lemalla Inthanete e hlahisoang ke Brand et al. (31). Lits'oants'o tsena li tšehetsa mabaka a ho hokahanya pakeng tsa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso le ho sebelisa inthanete.

Tumellanong le lithuto tsa khale le mehlala ea ho lemalla thobalano (28-31), re batlisitse khafetsa ea tšebeliso ea litšebelisano tsa thobalano, ho lakatsa ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le bokhoni ba ho theha likamano tse haufi-ufi har'a banna le basali ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho sheba Inthaneteng. Ho ea ka liphuputso tsa lipatlisiso tse fetileng, re boletse hore hangata ho sebelisa inthaneteng, ho lakatsa ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho tla bolela bothata ba kamano e haufi-ufi le banna le basali ba sebelisang cybersex. Ea bobeli, re boletse hore ho kopanela liphate, ho lakatsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le mathata ka kamanong e haufi-ufi ho ne ho tla bolela nako e ngata ea ho sebelisa li-cybersex. Ntlha ea boraro, re boletse hore ho tla ba le phapang ea ho kopanela liphate ka makhetlo a tloaelehileng a ho sebelisa cybersex le ho lakatsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

Tsamaiso

barupeluoa ba

Barupeluoa ba thuto ena ba ile ba bokelloa ho tloha liforameng tse Inthaneteng tse inehetseng ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le inthaneteng e le hore ba khotsofatse takatso ea ho kopanela liphate le ho tsosoa.

Banna le basali ba ile ba atamela liwebsaeteng 'me ba botsoa ho tlatsa lipotso tsa lipotso le ho li romela ka poso ho bafuputsi. Lipotso li ne li sa tsejoe 'me ho ne ho se na mokhoa oa ho hlahloba thetso ke barupeluoa. Litekanyetso tsa ho kenyelletsa liketso tsa ho kopanela liphate li qobelloa ke banna le basali ba sebelisang Inthanete ka morero oa thobalano. Ho latela mohlala oa pele oa 272, barupeluoa ba bahlano ha baa ka ba finyella litekanyetso tsa ho kenngoa 'me ba tlosoa ho sampuli' me barupeluoa ba 267 ba sala. Mohlala ona o ne o kenyelletsa banna ba 192 (72%) le basali ba 75 (28%) ba nang le lilemo tse boima bakeng sa banna ba 28 lilemo le likhoeli tsa 2 (SD = 6.8) le bakeng sa basali ba 25 lilemo le likhoeli tsa 6 (SD = 5.13). Banna bana ba ne ba le baholo ho feta basali ho sampuli ena [t(2,265) = 3.61; p <0.01]. Liphetho tsa thuto e ne e le 6.7% ka degree ea Master ea univesithi, 40.4% ka lengolo la Bachelor ea univesithi, 27.7% thuto ea sekolo se phahameng, 23.6% thuto e tsoelang pele kamora sekolo se phahameng, 1.5% ka thuto ea sekolo sa mathomo. Boemo ba khiro ea bankakarolo bo kenyelelitse khiro ea nako eohle ea 40.4%, 35.6% ea nakoana, le 24% ba sa sebetseng. Boemo ba lenyalo bo ne bo nyetsoe ke 14.2%, bachelors ba 57.7%, 23.6% kamanong empa ba sa nyala, 4% ba arohane, 4.1% ba hlalane. Boholo ba bankakarolo ba ne ba lula toropong (83.5%) mme 16.5% ba ne ba lula libakeng tsa mahaeng. Boholo ba bankakarolo e ne e le Bajude (91%), Mamoseleme a 2.2%, Bakreste ba 4%, le ba bang ba 2.8%.

Lipotso tsa lipotso

(1) Potso ea lipalo tsa batho ho kenyeletsa lintho tsa lilemo, thobalano, thuto, boemo ba mosebetsi, boemo ba lenyalo, mofuta oa bophelo (litoropong kapa mahaeng) le bolumeli.

(2) Tlhahlobo ea lithethefatsi ea Cybersex (23), e nang le lipotso tsa 20 mabapi le ho lemalla lithethefatsi tsa cybersex ho kopanyelletsa le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ka mohlala, lekanya makhetlo ao u hlokomolohang boikarabelo ba hao e le hore u qete nako e eketsehileng ka ho sebelisa Inthaneteng, makhetlo ao u ratang ho sebelisa Inthaneteng ho ba le kamano e haufi-ufi le molekane oa hau, makhetlo ao u sebelisang nako mecheng ea puisano le lipuisanong tsa botho e le hore u fumane baratuoa bakeng sa Inthaneteng, nako eo batho ba tletlebang ka nako eo ue sebelisang Inthaneteng, joalo-joalo.

Tekanyo e tsoa 0 ho 5 moo 0 "e sa sebetseng" mme 5 ke "kamehla." Tekanyetso ea Cronbach ea ho netefatsa ka hare ho lipotso e ne e le α = 0.95. Barupeluoa ba arotsoe ka lihlopha tse 'nè tse sa lemalloang (lintlha tsa 0-30), tse lemalloang ka mokhoa o itekanetseng (31-49), ho lemalla meriana (50-79), le ho lemaletse haholo (80-100).

(3) Ho lakatsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (32), e nang le lipotso tsa 20 tse mabapi le taolo ea ho sheba litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso, ho fetola maikutlo, maikutlo a kelello, le morero oa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Tekanyo e tsoa ho 1 ("ha e lumellane ho hang") ho 7 ("lumellana haholo"). Potso ea lipotso e tiisitsoe ke Kraus (32) ho liithuti tsa US 'me e na le ts'ebeliso ea ka hare ea Cronbach ea α = 0.94. Litho tse fapaneng li fapana le maemo a tlase a ho lakatsa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso (0-20) le ho lakatsa haholo litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (100-140).

(4) Potso ea mathata ka botsoalle bo haufi-ufi (33), e nang le lipotso tsa 12 tse kenyeletsang lipotso tsa 4 ka ho tšaba ho lahloa, 4 ka lebaka la tšabo ea ho pepeseha, le 4 ka ho hlajoa ke lihlong le tšabo ea ho lahloa. Potso ena e sebelisitsoe haholo bakeng sa lipatlisiso mabapi le kamano e haufi-ufi ea kelello le bakeng sa phekolo ea banyalani. Tekanyo e tsoa ho 0 ("ha e hlalosetse") ho 4 ("e hlalosa hantle"). Potso ena e na le ts'ebetso ea Cronbach ka hare ea α = 0.85. Liphetoho li fapane pakeng tsa 0 = ha ho mathata a kamano e haufi-ufi le 44 = mathata a mangata kamanong e haufi-ufi.

Tsamaiso

Li-questionnaires li ne li tlatsitsoe Inthaneteng li sebelisa mokhoa o entsoeng ka Google Drive 'me o rometsoe e le hokahanya melaetsa ea melaetsa ho litho ka lihlopha le liforamu tsa litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso le li-cybersex. Ba arabelitseng ba ile ba tlatsa melaetsa ea lipotso le mekhoa e amohelehang ha ba ntse ba le boinotšing le ho se tsejoe. Phuputso e ile ea amoheloa ke Setsi sa Boipheliso ba Institutional (Komiti ea IRB-Helsinki) ea Univesithi ea Ariel Iseraele.

Tlhahlobo ea Litekanyetso

(1) Lipalo-palo tse hlalositsoeng tsa barupeluoa le basali ho lipotso tsa tekanyo e lekanyelitsoeng ea cybersex, ho lakatsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le mathata a kamano e haufi-ufi e ile ea etsoa.

(2) Tlhahlobo ea khatello:

Ho hlahlojoa ha boipiletso bo bobebe bo entsoeng ka mehato ea kamano e haufi-ufi e le mocha o itšetlehileng ka oona. Mohato oa pele, takatso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e kene; mohato oa bobeli, tekano e ile ea kenngoa; 'me mohato oa boraro, hangata palo ea tšebeliso ea cybersex e kenngoe e le mefuta-futa e ikemetseng.

(3) Ho bapisoa ha lipotso tsa lipotso ho ea ka tekano le boemo ba tšebeliso ea cybersex:

(1) Barupeluoa ba banna le ba basali ba ile ba bapisoa le mehato ea lipotso tsa ho hlahloba lipotso tsa cybersex, takatso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, le mathata a kamano e haufi-ufi.

(2) Batho bohle ba kenang lihlopha ba arotsoe ka lihlopha tse tharo ho ea ka boemo ba bona ba makhetlo a mangata a ho sebelisa "cyber", "medium" le "low". , litekanyetso tsa kamano e haufi-ufi, le bong bo etsoang. Post hoc Ho bapisoa ha lipotso tsa lipotso ka lihlopha tsohle ho ne ho etsoa litokisetso tsa Bonferroni bakeng sa litšoantšo tse ngata.

(4) Phuputso ea Pearson ea likamano pakeng tsa mokhotlo oa ho sebelisa cybersex, takatso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, le mathata a ho theha likamano tsa kamano e haufi-ufi li ile tsa etsoa ho litho tsohle tse arohaneng le banna le basali.

Results

Lipalo Tse hlalosang

Ka kakaretso, e bolela lintho tse ngata khafetsa ea lipotso tsa inthanete ea li-inthanete (n = 226) e ne e le 22.65 (SD = 19.38) (lintlha tsa marang-rang 0-100), takatso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (n = 267) 52.47 (SD = 26.9) (litekanyo tsa marang-rang 20-140), le lipotso tse nang le bothata bo haufi-ufi (n = 267) e ne e le 14.59 (SD = 9.22) (lintlha tsa marang-rang 0-44).

Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso ea Liphetoho tsohle

Liphello tsa ho hlahlojoa ka matla ho sebelisa likamano tsa kamano e haufi-ufi le mekhoa e tsitsitseng, li bontšitse hore mefuta e meraro ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, tekano, le litaba tsa thobalano e ne e le ea bohlokoa 'me kaofela ha eona e ne e le karolo ea 66.1% ea phapang ea litekanyetso potsong ea botsoalle. Ho lakatsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho entse hore 29.3% ea se fapaneng, hangata ea cybersex e ikarabelle bakeng sa 20% ea phapang, 'me tekano e na le 16.8% ea phapang.

Liphello tsa tlhahlobo ea khatello ea marang-rang ka meriana ea motsoalle oa Inthaneteng e le mefuta e tsitsitseng, e bontšitse hore mefuta e meraro ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, tekano, le litaba tsa thobalano e ne e le ea bohlokoa 'me kaofela ha eona e ne e le karolo ea 83% ea phapang ea lipotso tsa boikokobetso. Ho lakatsa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ho ile ha etsa hore 58.8% ea phapang, kamano ea kamano e haufi e be le 13.4% ea phapang, 'me tekano e le ea 11.5% ea phapang.

Sheba Letlapa 1 bakeng sa liphetho tsa lipatlisiso tsa khatello.

 
TABLE 1
www.frontiersin.org 

Lethathamo 1. (A) Ho hlahloba khatello ea liphello tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​botona le botšehali le ho lemalla litaba tsa litaba tsa bosodoma ho feta kamanong e haufi-ufi le barupeluoa bohle (n = 267); (B) ho hlahloba khatello ea liphello tsa litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso, tekano, le kamano e haufi-ufi le ts'oaetsano ea litaba tsa Inthaneteng ho bohle ba kenang liphate (n = 267).

Ho bapisoa le Mehato ea Lipotso ho ea ka Tekano

(1) Ho bapisoa ha makhetlo a mangata a ho sebelisa inthaneteng ho tloha ho banna le basali ho fumanoe hore banna ba na le lintlha tse phahameng (Bolelang = 24.02, SD = 19.25) ho feta basali (Bolelang = 17.98, SD = 19.31); t(2,224) = 1.97, p <0.05.

(2) Papiso ea ho lakatsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse tsosang takatso pakeng tsa banna le basali e fumane hore banna ba na le lintlha tse phahameng (Bolelang = 55.77, SD = 27.35) ho feta basali (Bolelang = 44.03, SD = 23.86); t(2,265) = 3.26, p <0.01.

(3) Papiso ea lipotso ka mathata a ho theha kamano e haufi-ufi pakeng tsa banna le basali ha e fumane phapang e khōlō pakeng tsa banna ba bangata (Bolelang = 15.56, SD = 8.86) le basali (Bolelang = 13.85, SD = 9.45); t(2,224) = 1, p = 0.32.

Lethathamo 2 e bontša mekhoa le (SD) ea banna le basali litabeng tsohle tsa lipotso le litšoantšiso pakeng tsa banna le basali ba sebelisang t-e leng litekanyetso tsohle.

 
TABLE 2
www.frontiersin.org 

Lethathamo 2. Mokhoa le (SD) tsa banna le basali ho lipotso tsohle.

 
 

Figure 1 e bontša phapang pakeng tsa banna le basali ka mekhoa ea ho lemalla ho kena Inthaneteng, ho lakatsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​le bothata ba ho theha likamano tse haufi-ufi.

 
Tšoantšiso 1
www.frontiersin.org 

Setšoantšo sa 1. Tlhahlobo ea lipotso tsa cybersex, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le kamano e haufi - papiso pakeng tsa banna le basali. *p <0.05; **p <0.01; ***p <0.001.

Ho Hlahloba Mekhoa ea Lipotso ho ea ka Lebelo la Tšebeliso ea Inthaneteng

Bohle ba kenang lihlopha ba arotsoe ka lihlopha tse tharo ho ea ka boemo ba bona ba makhetlo a sebelisoang ke cybersex: barupeluoa ba khetholloang ka ho fetisisa ka 1 ka holimo ba bolela boitsebiso ba cybersex bo kenyelelitsoe "sehlopha se phahameng sa" cybersex "sehlopha"n = Lintlha tse 54 kaholimo ho 36), bankakarolo ba nang le <1 SD kaholimo ba bolela lintlha tsa cybersex mme ho feta 1 SD e ka tlase e bolela hore lintlha tsa cybersex li kenyelelitsoe "sehlopheng sa maqhubu a cybersex a mahareng" (n = 172 <1 lintlha <36) le barupeluoa ba nang le <1 SD ka tlase ba bolela hore lintlha tsa cybersex li kenyelelitsoe "sehlopheng se tlase sa marang-rang sa cybersex" (n = 41 0 <lintlha <1).

AnOVA ea lisosa tsa makhetlo a mangata a inthaneteng, takatso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, mathata a likamano le kamano ea botona le botšehali e ile ea etsoa. Tlhahlobo e bontšitse palo e kholo ea phello ea cybersex F(2,266) = 314.84; p <0.001, F(2,266) = 76.28; p <0.001 le mathata a amanang le kamano e haufi F(1,266) = 12.18; p <0.001. Post hoc ho bapisoa ha lipotso tsa lipotso ka lihlopha tsohle ho ne ho etsoa. Tlhaloso e bontšitse hore barupeluoa ba nang le lintlha tse phahameng ka maqhubu a ts'oaetso ea cybersex ba ne ba e-na le takatso e phahameng ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa mathata ho theha kamano e haufi-ufi ho feta ba nang le maqhubu a tlaase a ho sebelisa Inthanete.

Lethathamo 3 e bonts'a hore na lipalo tsa lipalo le lipatlisiso li bolela'ng t- litlaleho tsa lik'homphieutha tsa Internet, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​le bothata ba ho ba le kamano e haufi-ufi ho ea ka mekhoa ea ho sebelisa marang-rang (basebelisi ba tlase-tlaase ha bapisoa le basebelisi ba nako e tloaelehileng le maqhubu a phahameng).

 
TABLE 3
www.frontiersin.org 

Lethathamo 3. Lipalo tsa lipotso ho latela maemo a sebelisang marang-rang (bao e seng basebelisi, basebelisi ba khanya, basebelisi ba maemo a tlaase, le basebedisi bo boima).

 
 

Figure 2 e bontša hore mefuta e phahameng ea tšebeliso ea marang-rang e ne e amahanngoa le litsela tse phahameng tsa ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa mathata ho theha likamano tse haufi-ufi.

 
Tšoantšiso 2
www.frontiersin.org 

Setšoantšo sa 2. Tlhahlobo ea lipotso tsa makhetlo a mangata a ho sebelisa li-cybersex, takatso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​le mathata ka kamano e haufi-ufi ho bohle ba kenang sekolo. *p <0.05; **p <0.01; ***p <0.001.

 
 

Tlhaloso ea Pearson e kopanetsoeng pakeng tsa kakaretso ea ho sebelisa inthaneteng, ho lakatsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​le mathata a ho theha likamano tse haufi-ufi tsa likamano li ile tsa etsoa 'me ho fumanoe hore hangata ho sebelisa inthaneteng ho amana hantle le litakatso tsa bootsoa (r = 0.68, p <0.01). Taba ea bobeli, khafetsa ea ho sebelisa cybersex e ne e tsamaellana hantle le mathata a ho theha kamano e haufi (r = 0.33, p <0.01). Taba ea boraro, ho lakatsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho ne ho amana hantle le mathata a ho theha kamano e haufi (r = 0.39, p <0.01).

Ho banna, litekanyetso tsa mathata ka kamanong e haufi-ufi li ne li amana hantle le litekanyetso tsa thekiso ea li-cybersex r = 0.47, p <0.01 le ka litekanyetso tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa r = 0.48, p <0.01 athe ho basali, litekanyo tsa mathata kamanong e haufi li ne li sa tsamaisane le litekanyetso tsa cybersex r = 0.11, p = NS le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li mpa li bontša mokhoa oa ho lumellana hantle r = 0.22, p = 0.06.

Lethathamo 4 e bonts'a litšebelisano lipakeng tsohle tsa lipotso ho litho tsohle.

 
TABLE 4
www.frontiersin.org 

Lethathamo 4. (A) Litšebelisano tsa Pearson libukeng tsohle tsa lipotso ho litho tsohle; (B) Litšebelisano tsa Pearson libukeng tsohle tsa lipotso ho banna; (C) litšebelisano tsa Pearson lipotsong tsohle tsa basali.

Puisano

Liphello tsa phuputso ena li bontšitse hore banna ba na le litekanyetso tse phahameng holim'a mekhoa ea ho lakatsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le makhetlo a ho sebelisa inthaneteng ho feta basali. Liphuputso tsena li tšehetsa bopaki ba nakong e fetileng mabapi le ho se tšoane ha thobalano le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate ho banna le basali. (30, 34) bakeng sa tlhahlobo.

Phuputso e entsoeng pele e fumane hore basali le banna ba sebelisa mefuta eohle ea liketso tsa ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng empa basali ba ne ba thahasella ho kopanela liphate ka ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng ha banna ba ne ba thahasella ho shebella ho kopanela liphate ka inthanete (21, 35-38). Ka kakaretso, basali ba fumane ts'ebeliso ena ea litaba tsa thobalano e amoheleha kapa e nepahetse ha e amahanngoa le liketso tsa thobalano. Leha ho le joalo, banna ba tlaleha thabo e eketsehileng ea thobalano ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisoa ka bomong; maemong ao, basali ba tlaleha hore mosebetsi oa molekane oa boinotšing o ne o nka ntho e itseng ho tloha kamanong (39, 40).

Tekano e fumanoe e le pontšo ea bohlokoa ea maikutlo a thobalano le mekhoa e amanang le litaba tse hlalosang thobalano tse fumanehang Inthaneteng (21, 41-44). Banna ba ne ba e-na le monyetla o moholo ho feta ba batšehali ho sheba boitsebiso bo khahlanong le marang-rang le marang-rang le banna le ba bang ba sebelisa Inthanete lilemong tsa pele ho sheba lisebelisoa tsa thobalano (45-48). Hangata banna ba tlaleha lisebelisoa tsa ho kopanela liphate inthaneteng ho tsosa. Ha basali ba bang ba fumana lisebelisoa tsena ho tsosoa, ho tlalehoa haholo lintho tse hlalosang thobalano ho tšoenya le ho nyonyeha (48). Basali ba tlalehile hore lebaka le ka sehloohong leo ba sebelisang litaba tsa thobalano le lona ke karolo ea ho etsa lerato le balekane ba bona kapa ho araba likōpo tsa molekane oa bona. Ka kakaretso, basali ba fumane tšebeliso ena ea litaba tsa thobalano e amohelehang kapa e nepahetseng ha ba kopanela le mesebetsi e kopanetsoeng ea thobalano. Leha ho le joalo, banna ba tlaleha thabo e eketsehileng ea thobalano ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisoa ka bomong; maemong ao basali ba tlaleha hore mosebetsi oa molekane oa boinotšing o ne o nka ntho e itseng ho tloha kamanong (39, 40). Basali ba boetse ba tlaleha hore ba halefile ka thepa ea ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng42), ba ipapisa le litšoantšo tse inthaneteng (22), 'me hangata ba tlaleha maikutlo a ho eka ka balekane ba bona (49). Phapang mokhoeng o tlalehiloeng oa ho sebelisa Inthaneteng ho tloha ho banna le basali ho ithuta rona e ka 'na ea e-ba ho tloha ha basali ba ikutloa ba tšaba ho senola le ho ikutloa ba sa phutholoha ka ho amohela mosebetsi o joalo. Ea bobeli, kaha kamano e haufi-ufi ke ntho e hlokahalang ho cybersex e fapaneng le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka kakaretso e boetse e khetholloa ka ho buisana le molekane, barupeluoa ba ka 'na ba e-ba le masene ka lebaka la mosebetsi ona ho tsoa ho molekane oa bona.

Ho ka 'na ha e-ba le mabaka a' maloa ao ka 'ona ho lakatsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho neng ho le ho feta banna ho feta basali thutong ena. Basali ba rata ho rata maikutlo a lerato le ho sheba kamano e haufi-ufi le khokahanyo e sa fanoang ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa empa banna ba batla nako e khutšoanyane ea ho shebella litšoantšo tsa ho kopanela liphate le ho khetha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Mokhoa ona o ts'ehetsoa ke lithuto tsa morao tjena tsa ho nahana ka boko bo bontšitseng phapang pakeng tsa banna le basali ka ho tsosoa ha thobalano (50, 51). Hamann (51) ba hlahlobile boko bo sebetsang le fMRI banna le basali ha ba ntse ba shebella litšoantšo tsa ho kopanela liphate le litšoantšo tse sa nke lehlakore. Ntho e ka sehloohong e fumanoang ke hore amygdala le hypothalamus li bontšitse hore ho na le ts'ebetso e kholo ho banna ho feta basali ha ba shebeletse maikutlo a tšoanang a ho tsosa takatso ea ho kopanela liphate, mohlomong ka lebaka la tšusumetso e matla ea takatso kapa takatso e hlahisoang ke maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate. Ho feta moo, ho kopanela liphate ho banna ho amana haholo le mathata a kelello bophelong ba letsatsi le leng le le leng (28). Brand et al. (28) ba hlokometse hore mathata a batho ba ratanang le ba bong bo fapaneng bophelong ba letsatsi le leng le le leng a ne a amahanngoa le liketso tsa ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng 'me tsena li ne li boleloa ka litekanyetso tsa ho kopanela liphate tse tsosang takatso ea boitsebiso bo litšila ba ho kopanela liphate, Likhoebo tsa ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng bophelong Laier et al. (29) li fumane hape hore matšoao a ho kopanela liphate a tsosoa le ho lakatsa ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Inthaneteng mekhoa e boletsoeng esale pele ea ho kena Inthaneteng. Basebeletsi ba inthanete ba ts'oaetsanoang ka litaba tsa litaba tsa thobalano ba ile ba phatlalatsa ho tsosa takatso ea ho kopanela liphate le ho labalabela ho itšoara ha ba arabela litšoantšong tsa bootsoa. Leha ho le joalo, nomoro le boleng ba ho kopanela liphate tsa bophelo ba sebele bo ne bo sa amane le ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka litaba tsa thobalano. Qetellong, takatso ea ho kopanela liphate ho tsosoa ha litšoantšo, ho ts'oanela ho tsosoa ke thobalano, boitšoaro bo bobe ba likamano tsa botona le botšehali le ho tiea ha matšoao a kelello ho boletsoe mekhoa ea ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le ba bang Inthaneteng ho sebelisang litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea ho kopanela liphate ha ba ntse ba le likamano tsa thobalano, tšebeliso ea li-cybersex e kopanetsoeng e ne e se ea amahanngoa le lithethefatsi tsa ho kopanela liphate le ba bang ba li-sex30).

Ho fumana setsoalle pakeng tsa ho lakatsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le makhetlo a tloaelehileng a ho sebelisa Inthaneteng ho bonahala kahobane ba qalileng ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse tsosang takatso ba tsoetse pele ho ho shebella litaba tsa thobalano le lipapatso tse ling, mme liwebsaete tseo li phatlalatsa hammoho ka mefuta eohle ea litaba tsa thobalano. Tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso e amahanngoa le bothata ba ho theha kamano e haufi-ufi ho tloha ho bootsoa ho tlatsa lekhalo lefatšeng la sebele, 'me ho baka nnete ea hore basali ba khotsofatsoe ebile ha ho mohla ba tletlebang. Cybersex e nolofalletsa ba nang le mathata ho hokahane le ho qoba ho ba le kamano e haufi-ufi ho theha likamano tse ntle moo mofuthu le lerato le boitlamo li sa hlokeng. Ntho e ipiletsang ea cybersex ke hore ha ho hlokahale ho etsa ketso ea thobalano hammoho e le hore motho a se tšabe ts'ebetso ea matšoenyeho. Tšebeliso ea liketso tsa ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng e ama likamano tsa thobalano ka ntle ho naha 'me ho na le bopaki ba hore basebelisi ba bang ba Inthanete ba lahlile kapa ba fokotsa tšebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka ntle ho naha, ha basebelisi ba ho kopanela liphate ba qobelloa ho eketsa tšebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ntle le thobalano ho qobella (52).

Qetellong, ho kopanela liphate ka Inthanete ho ama kamano pakeng tsa banna le basali. Liphuputso tse ngata li bontšitse hore tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng e senya botsitso le malapa a moruo, a maikutlo,40, 53-61) bona Ref. (25) bakeng sa tlhahlobo. Lithuto tsena li bontšitse hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​ho kopanyelletsa le cybersex, li amana haholo le ho fokotsa khotsofalo ea thobalano le thobalano. Banna le basali ba ile ba lemoha liketso tsa thobalano tse holimo tse sokelang lenyalo e le ho se tšepahale ha offline (56, 62).

Ho sibolloa hore e mong oa balekane ba ameha liketsong tsa ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng ho lebisa tlhahlobo ea kamano. Phuputso e entsoeng ho basali ba 100 phuputso ea marang-rang eo balekane ba bona ba sebelisang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba bontšitse hore hoo e batlang e le karolo ea boraro e tlalehiloeng e leka-lekane ho ea holimo ho mahlomola mabapi le tšebeliso ea molekane oa bona (53). Ba tlaleha hore ba ikutloa eka balekane ba bona ha ba thahaselle ho ba rata, empa nakong ea thobalano ba ne ba tšoantšetsa basali bao ba ba boneng litšoantšong tsa bootsoa. Ba boetse ba ikutloa balekane ba bona ba ne ba sa tšepahala, hangata hobane a ne a tla boloka tšebeliso ea bona ho bona (esita le ha ba sa hanyetse). Hoo e ka bang likarolo tse tharo ho tlalehoa ho na le maikutlo a hore tšebeliso e mpe e ile ea ama boithati ba bona. Ba bang ba ne ba nahana hore ba hlōlehile balekane ba bona ka thobalano; haeba ba ne ba bile batsoalle ba thobalano ba molemo, balekane ba bona ba ne ba ke ke ba tlameha ho fetisetsa boitsebiso bo joalo bakeng sa khotsofalo ea thobalano. Ka tsela ena, ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng hangata ke seipone sa likamano tsa thobalano tse sa sebetseng lapeng le marang-rang hape (63). Schneider (24) o hlalositse kamoo ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate ho amme bakuli, molekane le lelapa lohle. Bahlahlobi ba lipatlisiso (banna ba 93 le banna ba 3) ba ile ba utloa bohloko, ho songoa, ho lahloa, ho lahloa, ho senyeha, ho jeoa ke bolutu, ho hlajoa ke lihlong, ho itšehla thajana, ho tlotlolloa, poulelo, le bohale, hammoho le ho lahleheloa ke boitlhompho. Ho qosoa ka makhetlo-khetlo e ne e le sesosa se ka sehloohong sa mahlomola. Ho feta moo, ho lemalla lithethefatsi ka litaba tsa thobalano ke karolo e kholo e tlatsetsang ho arohana le tlhalo ea banyalani thuputsong ena. Mabapi le tšusumetso e tobileng ho bana ba phelang malapeng ao motsoali a sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​ho na le bopaki ba hore ho eketsa kotsi ea ngoana ea ho pepesehela litaba tsa thobalano le / kapa boitšoaro (57). Bana le bacha ba jang kapa ba kopanang le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng ba ka ba le liphello tse sithabetsang, tse ferekanyang, tse hlekefetsang le tse bakoang ke lithethefatsi. Ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete le / kapa ho kenya letsoho litabeng tsa ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng ho ka senya tsoelo-pele ea sechaba le ea thobalano le ho fokotsa menyetla ea katleho likamanong tse haufi-ufi (57). Schneider (24) o boetse o tlaleha liphello tse mpe ho bana ho kopanyelletsa le ho pepesehela ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho hanyetsa basali, ho ameha lintoeng tsa batsoali, ho se tsotellehe ka lebaka la ho kenella ha motsoali ka mong le khomphuteng le boikarabelo ba motsoali e mong le molekane oa cybersex, ho arohana ha lenyalo . Ka lebaka la bopaki bo bongata ba tšenyo ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng le lipatlisisong tse ling tsa bophelo ba lelapa, ho hlokahala hore lipatlisiso li sebetsane le mokhoa oa ho tšoara mokhoa ona oa kajeno oa boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano.

sheba mefokolo ea

Meeli, thuto ena e itšetlehile ka litekanyetso tsa lipotso tse ikhethang tse ka 'nang tsa baka phapang ea likarabo. Ho sa tsotellehe tšepiso ea ho se tsejoe le ho ba lekunutu, hoa utloahala hore ba bang ba arabelang ba sa senola ka botlalo boitsebiso bo feletseng. Ea bobeli, ho ka 'na ha e-ba le mabaka a mang a bohlokoa ho fumana liphello tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho kopanela liphate ka kamano e haufi-ufi le lithethefatsi tsa litaba tsa ho kopanela liphate ka litaba tsa thobalano tse sa etsoang thuputsong ena. Ntlha ea boraro, ho ne ho e-na le palo e sa lekanyetsoang ea banna le basali ba nang le phapang ea lilemo pakeng tsa litekanyetso 'me sena se ka fokotsa tlhahiso e kholo ea liphello. Qetellong, Potso ea Mathata ka mathata a kamano e haufi le Marenco (33) e 'nile ea sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa lipatlisiso mabapi le kamano e haufi-ufi ea kelello le bakeng sa phekolo ea banyalani empa e hloka ho netefatsoa hoa tšepahala le ho nepahala ha lithuto tse khōloanyane.

fihlela qeto e

Qetellong, liphello tsa phuputso ena li bontšitse phapang pakeng tsa thobalano pakeng tsa banna le basali ka takatso ea ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le makhetlo a tloaelehileng a ho sebelisa Inthaneteng le hore litakatso tsa bootsoa le makhetlo a li-cybersex li kopantsoe le bothata ba ho theha kamano e haufi-ufi. Mabaka a etsang hore batho ba fetohe ka Inthaneteng ke tsa bohlokoa, ho sa tsotellehe hore na ho tloha ha takatso e felile ho feta lilemo, kapa hore na ho bonolo, ho soetseha ho tloha likamano tsa lerato tsa nakong e fetileng tse lebisang ho itšehla thajana le ho feta. Hape ke habohlokoa ho tseba mabaka a etsang hore batho ba tlohele litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho ea ho Inthaneteng le ka tsela e fapaneng, ebang ke tlhokahalo ea molekane kapa tlhokahalo e matla ea ho susumetsa le ho tsosoa. Thuto e latelang e ka boela ea shebella litakatso tsa thobalano tsa banna le basali tse ka 'nang tsa hlalosa hore na ke hobane'ng ha banna kapa basali ba sebelisa cybersex ho phethahatsa mosebetsi oa bosodoma. Qetellong, liphuputso tsena li na le maikutlo a ho phekoloa le phekolo ea ho kopanela liphate kaha ho utloisisa ka ho feletseng lits'ebetso le mekhoa e metle ea boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate ke tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho phekola boloetse bona.

Tlhōlisano ea Tlhaloso

Bangoli ba bolela hore lipatlisiso li ne li etsoa ka ho se be le likamano leha e le life tsa khoebo kapa tsa lichelete tse ka nkoang e le khohlano e ka 'nang ea e-ba le thahasello.

References

1. Quadland MC. Boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate: tlhaloso ea bothata le mokhoa oa phekolo. J Ther ea lenyalo (1985) 11(2):121–32. doi: 10.1080/00926238508406078

Bapmed Abstract | Phatlalatso e feletseng ea Pubmed | Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

2. Garcia FD, Thibaut F. Lithethefatsi tsa thobalano. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse (2010) 36(5):254–60. doi:10.3109/00952990.2010.503823

Bapmed Abstract | Phatlalatso e feletseng ea Pubmed | Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

3. Karila L, Wéry A, Weinstein A, Cottencin O, Petit A, Reynaud M, et al. Ho lemalla thobalano kapa lefu la hypersexual: mantsoe a fapaneng bakeng sa bothata bo tšoanang? Ho hlahloba lingoliloeng. Curr Pharm Des (2014) 20: 1-10. doi: 10.2174 / 13816128113199990619

Bapmed Abstract | Phatlalatso e feletseng ea Pubmed | Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

4. Rosenberg KP, O'Connor S, Maqheku P. Ho lemalla thobalano: kakaretso. Ka: Rosenberg KP, Fédéral LC, bahlophisi. Mekhoa ea Boits'oaro: Mekhoa ea Boipheliso, Bopaki le Phekolo. Burlington, MA: Elsevier Science (2014). p. 248-69.

Google Setsebi

5. Mokhatlo oa Maiketsetso oa Amerika. Buka ea ho hlahloba le ea Statistical of Disabilities (DSM-5). 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing (2013).

Google Setsebi

6. Carnes P. U se ke ua e bitsa Lerato. New York, NY: Bantam Books (1991).

Google Setsebi

7. Coleman-Kennedy C, Pendley A. Tlhahlobo le ho hlahloba ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate. J O na le Booki ba Ma-Psychiatr (2002) 8(5):143–51. doi:10.1067/mpn.2002.128827

Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

8. Coleman E, Raymond N, McBean A. Tlhahlobo le phekolo ea boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate. Minn Med (2003) 86(7): 42-7.

Google Setsebi

9. Reid RC. Hlahloba ho itokisetsa ho fetoha har'a bareki ba batlang thuso bakeng sa boitšoaro ba ho kopanela liphate. Ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ho qobella ho kopanela liphate (2007) 14: 167-86. doi: 10.1080 / 10720160701480204

Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

10. Maqheka PJ. Ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le ho qobelloa: ho amohela, ho phekoloa le ho hlaphoheloa. CNS Spectr (2000) 5(10): 63-72.

Bapmed Abstract | Phatlalatso e feletseng ea Pubmed | Google Setsebi

11. Carnes P. Ho tsoa ho Shadows: Ho utloisisa ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate. Setsi sa Minnesota: Hazelden Information & Services Services (2001).

Google Setsebi

12. Black DW, Kehrberg LL, Flumerfelt DL, Schlosser SS. Litšobotsi tsa litaba tsa 36 tse tlaleha boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate. Am J Psychiatry (1997) 154(2):243–9. doi:10.1176/ajp.154.2.243

Bapmed Abstract | Phatlalatso e feletseng ea Pubmed | Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

13. Carnes P, Schneider JP. Ho amoheloa le ho laola mathata a ho kopanela liphate a lemaletseng: tataiso bakeng sa ngaka ea tlhokomelo ea mantlha. Likarabello Prim Care Pract (2000) 4(3): 302-18.

Bapmed Abstract | Phatlalatso e feletseng ea Pubmed | Google Setsebi

14. Reid RC, Carpenter BN, Spackman M, Willes DL. Alexithymia, ho se tsitse maikutlo maikutlong, le ts'oaetso ea ho imeloa kelellong ho bakuli ba batlang thuso bakeng sa boitšoaro ba ho kopanela liphate. J Ther ea lenyalo (2008) 34: 133-49. doi: 10.1080 / 00926230701636197

Bapmed Abstract | Phatlalatso e feletseng ea Pubmed | Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

15. Raymond NC, Coleman E, Miner MH. Ho hlokeha kelellong le mekhoa e tsitsitseng ea ho kopanela liphate. Compr Psychiatry (2003) 44(5):370–80. doi:10.1016/S0010-440X(03)00110-X

Bapmed Abstract | Phatlalatso e feletseng ea Pubmed | Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

16. Reid RC, Carpenter BN. Ho hlahloba likamano tsa mafu a kelello ho bakuli ba hypersexual ba sebelisa MMPI-2. J Ther ea lenyalo (2009) 35(4):294–310. doi:10.1080/00926230902851298

Bapmed Abstract | Phatlalatso e feletseng ea Pubmed | Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

17. Miner MH, Coleman E, Centre BA, Ross M, Rosser BR. Tlhahlobo ea boitšoaro bo bobe ba likamano tsa botona le botšehali: thepa ea psychometric. Khokahano ea ho kopanela liphate Behav (2007) 36(4):579–87. doi:10.1007/s10508-006-9127-2

Bapmed Abstract | Phatlalatso e feletseng ea Pubmed | Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

18. Cooper A, Griffin-Shelley E. Selelekela. Inthanete: phetoho e latelang ea thobalano. Ka: Cooper A, mohlophisi. Ho Kopanela Liphate le Inthanete: Buka ea Boithuto Bakeng sa Lingaka. New York, NY: Brunner-Routledge (2003). p. 1-18.

Google Setsebi

19. Krafka CD, Linz D, Donnerstein E, S. S. Phello ea Basali litšoantšong tsa likamano tsa likamano tsa thobalano. Pefo khahlanong le Basali (1997) 3: 149-81. doi: 10.1177 / 1077801297003002004

Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

20. Paul P. Pornified: Joang Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa li Senya Bophelo ba Rōna, Likamano Tsa Rōna le Malapa a Rōna. New York, NY: Libuka tsa Times (2005).

Google Setsebi

21. Cooper A. Ho kopanela liphate le Inthaneteng: ho kena ka sekete se secha sa lilemo. Cyberpsychol Behav (1998) 1(2):187–93. doi:10.1089/cpb.1998.1.187

Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

22. Young KS. Ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng: lisosa tsa kotsi, likarolo tsa nts'etsopele le kalafo Am Behav Sci (2008) 52: 21-37. doi: 10.1177 / 0002764208321339

Bapmed Abstract | Phatlalatso e feletseng ea Pubmed | Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

23. Monyane K. Na U Lemaletse ho Etsa Thobalano Inthaneteng? Bradford, PA: Setsi sa Inthanete ea Pheliso ea Lithethefatsi (2001).

Google Setsebi

24. Schneider JP. Tšusumetso ea mekhoa e qobelloang ea ho itšunya-tšunya ka cybersex ka lapeng. J Ther ea lenyalo (2003) 18(3):329–54. doi:10.1080/146819903100153946

Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

25. Manning JC. Tšusumetso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthaneteng lenyalong le lelapa: tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso. Ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ho qobella ho kopanela liphate (2006) 13(2–3):131–65. doi:10.1080/10720160600870711

Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

26. Paul B, Shim JW. Tekano, ho kopanela liphate, le ho susumetsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho Internet. Bophelo ba thobalano ea Int J (2008) 20: 187-99. doi: 10.1080 / 19317610802240154

Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

27. Cooper A, Delmonico DL, Griffin-Shelley E, Mathy RM. Tšebelisano ea thobalano ea Inthaneteng: tlhahlobo ea boitšoaro bo ka 'nang ba e-ba le bothata. Ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ho qobella ho kopanela liphate (2004) 11: 129-43. doi: 10.1080 / 10720160490882642

Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

28. M, Laier C, Pawlikowski M, Schächtle U, Schöler T, Altstötter-Gleich C. Ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng: karolo ea likamano tsa ho kopanela liphate le matšoao a kelello-kelello ea ho sebelisa likamano tsa ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng ka mokhoa o feteletseng. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw (2011) 14(6):371–7. doi:10.1089/cyber.2010.0222

Bapmed Abstract | Phatlalatso e feletseng ea Pubmed | Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

29. Laier C, Pawlikowski M, Pekal J, Schulte FP, Brand M. Cyber ​​ho lemalla: ho tsosoa ha thobalano ha ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho e-na le batho ba sebeletsang bophelo ba bona ho etsa phapang. J Behav Addict (2013) 2(2):100–7. doi:10.1556/JBA.2.2013.002

Bapmed Abstract | Phatlalatso e feletseng ea Pubmed | Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

30. Laier C, Brand M. Bopaki bo hlakileng le ho nahanisisa ka lintho tse tlatsetsang ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka litaba tsa ho kopanela liphate ka litaba tsa thobalano ho tloha ponong ea boitšoaro. Ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ho qobella ho kopanela liphate (2014) 21: 305-21. doi: 10.1080 / 10720162.2014.970722

Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

31. Brand M, Young KS, Laier C. Prefrontal ho laola le ho lemalla lithethefatsi: mokhoa oa ho ruta le ho hlahloba liphihlelo tsa lefu lena. Ka pel'a Hum Neurosci (2014) 8: 375. doi: 10.3389 / fnhum.2014.00375

Bapmed Abstract | Phatlalatso e feletseng ea Pubmed | Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

32. Kraus SW. Takatso e Feteletseng ea Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa: Ntlafatso le Tlhahlobo ea Lipotso tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa (PCQ-12). Ph.D. khopolo-taba, moeletsi: Rosenberg H. Bowling Green State University (2013). E fumaneha ho tloha: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/256096657_Excessive_Appetite_for_Pornography_Development_and_Evaluation
_of_the_Pornography_Craving_Questionnaire_ (PCQ-12)

Google Setsebi

33. Marenco A. Lefapha la Lipotso la Boemo ba Intimacy: 103 ea SOC SOC: Koleji ea Canyons: Tlhokomeliso ea Sehlopha (2014).

Google Setsebi

34. Corley MD, Hook JN. Basali, basali le basali ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate, le ho sebelisa Inthanete. Ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ho qobella ho kopanela liphate (2012) 19: 53-76. doi: 10.1080 / 10720162.2012.660430

Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

35. Cooper A. Boits'oaro ba ho kopanela liphate. Tlhalosa ka thobalano (1998) 32: 1-3.

Google Setsebi

36. Cooper A., ​​DL Delmonicob le R Burg. Basebelisi ba cybersex, ba hlekefetsang le ba qobelloang: liphetho tse ncha le litlamorao. Ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ho qobella ho kopanela liphate (2000) 7(1–2):5–30. doi:10.1080/10720160008400205

Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

37. Doring N. Inthanete e ama tšebetso ea thobalano: tlhahlobo ea bohlokoa ea lilemo tsa 15 tsa lipatlisiso. Comput Hum Behav (2009) 25: 1089-101. doi: 10.1016 / j.chb.2009.04.003

Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

38. Moroallo M. Bacha ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ka: Boyle K, mohlophisi. Letsatsi la letsatsi le letsatsi. New York, NY: Routledge (2010). p. 164-78.

Google Setsebi

39. Litlamo A, Morokoff P. Tšebeliso ea mecha ea litaba tsa thobalano le khotsofalo ea kamano ho banyalani ba bong bo fapaneng. Persat (2010) 18(2): 1-24.

Google Setsebi

40. Schneider JP. Liphello tsa lithethefatsi tsa litaba tsa ho kopanela liphate ka Inthaneteng ka lapeng: liphello tsa phuputso. Ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ho qobella ho kopanela liphate (2000) 7: 31-58. doi: 10.1080 / 10720160008400206

Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

41. Delmonico D, Miller J. Inthaneteng Testing Testing Test: papiso ea likamano tsa botona le botšehali khahlanong le batho ba sa lokelang ho kopanela liphate. J Ther ea lenyalo (2003) 18(3):261–76. doi:10.1080/1468199031000153900

Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

42. Goodson P, McCormick D, Evans A. Batla lisebelisoa tse hlalosang thobalano Inthaneteng: thuto ea ho hlahlobisisa boitšoaro ba liithuti tsa koleji le boikutlo ba bona. Khokahano ea ho kopanela liphate Behav (2001) 30: 101-18. doi: 10.1023 / A: 1002724116437

Bapmed Abstract | Phatlalatso e feletseng ea Pubmed | Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

43. Litšobotsi tsa batho ba nang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa litabeng tse tharo tsa theknoloji. Bolumeli ba thobalano (2005) 9: 28-48. doi: 10.1007 / BF02908761

Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

44. Janghorbani M, Lam TR. Tšebeliso ea mecha ea thobalano ho bacha ba Hong Kong: ho ata le lintho tse amanang. Khokahano ea ho kopanela liphate Behav (2003) 32: 545-53. doi: 10.1023 / A: 1026089511526

Bapmed Abstract | Phatlalatso e feletseng ea Pubmed | Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

45. Boies SC. Liithuti tsa univesithi 'li sebelisa mekhoa le liketso tsa ho tseba litaba tsa thobalano le boithabiso: Inthaneteng le boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate. Na J Hum Ho Kopanela Liphate (2002) 11: 77-89.

Google Setsebi

46. Johansson T, Hammar'en N. Hegemonic masculinity le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro: maikutlo a bacha mabapi le likamano le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. J Mens Stud (2007) 15: 57-70. doi: 10.3149 / jms.1501.57

Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

47. Peter J, PM Valkenburg. Likamano tsa bana ba lilemong tsa bocha li hlahisa lihlahisoa tse hlalosang thobalano ho Internet. Khothalletsa ho bala (2006) 33:178–204. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2011.01815.x

Bapmed Abstract | Phatlalatso e feletseng ea Pubmed | Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

48. Nosko A, Wood E, Desmarais S. Ho sa buuoe ka litaba tsa thobalano: Ke eng e amang maikutlo a rona le monyetla oa ho batla ho feta? Na J Hum Ho Kopanela Liphate (2007) 16: 1-10.

Google Setsebi

49. Schneider JP, Weissb R, Samenowc C. Na e hlile e kopitsa? Ho utloisisa maikutlo a maikutlo le ho phekoloa kalafo ea banyalani le balekane ba anngoeng ke ho se tšepahale ha batho ka Inthanete. Ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ho qobella ho kopanela liphate (2012) 19: 123-39. doi: 10.1080 / 10720162.2012.658344

Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

50. Hamann S, Herman RA, Nolan CL, Wallen K. Banna le basali ba itšoara ka tsela e fapaneng le karabo ea ho kopanela liphate. Nat Neurosci (2004) 7(4):411–6. doi:10.1038/nn1208

Bapmed Abstract | Phatlalatso e feletseng ea Pubmed | Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

51. Hamann S. Likamano tsa botona le botšehali likarabong tsa batho ba amygdala. Setsebi sa mahlale (2005) 11(4):288–93. doi:10.1177/1073858404271981

Bapmed Abstract | Phatlalatso e feletseng ea Pubmed | Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

52. Daneback K, Ross MK, Mansson SA. Litšobotsi le mekhoa ea batho ba kopanelang liphate ba sebelisang Inthanete ka morero oa thobalano. Ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ho qobella ho kopanela liphate (2006) 13: 53-67. doi: 10.1080 / 10720160500529276

Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

53. Litlamo AJ, Bergner RM, Hesson-McInnis M. Tšebelisano ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro: bohlokoa ba bona ho basali. J Ther ea lenyalo (2003) 29: 1-14. doi: 10.1080 / 713847097

Bapmed Abstract | Phatlalatso e feletseng ea Pubmed | Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

54. Cooper A, Galbreath N, Becker MA. Ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng: ho ntlafatsa kutloisiso ea rona ea banna ba nang le mathata a ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng Psychol Addict Behav (2004) 18(3):223–30. doi:10.1037/0893-164X.18.3.223

Bapmed Abstract | Phatlalatso e feletseng ea Pubmed | Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

55. Stack S, Wasserman I, Kern R. Litlamo tsa batho ba baholo le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthaneteng. Thutong ea Saense Q (2004) 85:75–88. doi:10.1111/j.0038-4941.2004.08501006.x

Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

56. Monyetla oa Matla. Ho sutumetsa li-buttons tse fosahetseng: maikutlo a banna le a basali ka ho se tšepahale ha marang-rang le ka ntle ho naha. Cyberpsychol Behav (2003) 6(6):569–79. doi:10.1089/109493103322725342

Bapmed Abstract | Phatlalatso e feletseng ea Pubmed | Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

57. Black C, Dillon D, Maqhama S. Ho tsebisa bana: ho utloa phihlelo ea ngoana. Ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ho qobella ho kopanela liphate (2003) 10: 67-78. doi: 10.1080 / 10720160309045

Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

58. Corley MD, Schneider JP. Tlhaloso ea ho lemalla thobalano ho bana: pono ea batsoali. Ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ho qobella ho kopanela liphate (2003) 10: 291-324. doi: 10.1080 / 713775416

Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

59. Mitchell KJ, Finkelhor D, Wolak J. Ho pepeseha ha bacha boitsebisong bo sa batleheng ba ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng: tlhahlobo ea sechaba ea kotsi, phello le thibelo. Bocha Soc (2003) 34(3):330–58. doi:10.1177/0044118X02250123

Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

60. von Feilitzen C, Carlson U. bahlophisi. Bana sebakeng se secha sa mecha ea litaba: lipapali, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​maikutlo. Bokhukhuni ba Bana le Media-Buka ea Selemo 2000. Goteborg: Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Khatiso oa Machaba oa UNESCO ka Bana le Pefo Sebokeng sa Nordicom (2000).

Google Setsebi

61. Greenfield PM. Ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse sa tloaelehang ka Inthanete: sepheo sa lipapali tsa lithaka tsa ho arolelana lifilimi bakeng sa tsoelo-pele ea bana le malapa. Sebelisa Ps Psolol (2004) 25: 741-50. doi: 10.1016 / j.appdev.2004.09.009

Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

62. Cooper A, Morahan-Martin J, Mathy RM, Maheu M. Toward kutloisiso e eketsehileng ea ts'ebetso ea basebelisi mesebetsing ea thobalano. J Ther ea lenyalo (2002) 28: 105-29. doi: 10.1080 / 00926230252851861

Bapmed Abstract | Phatlalatso e feletseng ea Pubmed | Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

63. Bergner RA, Methati ea AJ. Bohlokoa ba litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso tse amanang le batho ba ratanang: lipatlisiso le litsebi tsa bophelo. J Ther ea lenyalo (2002) 28(3):193–206. doi:10.1080/009262302760328235

Bapmed Abstract | Phatlalatso e feletseng ea Pubmed | Text e feletseng ea CrossRef | Google Setsebi

sehlomathiso