lemalla ntho e, https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15272.
Comments: Phuputso ena e ncha e fumane hore batho ba lemaletseng boitšoaro bo bobe (eseng feela makhoba a bootsoa) hangata ha ba rate boitšoaro boo ba sokolang ho bo felisa. Tlhahiso ena e senya e 'ngoe ea litšōmo tse kotsi ka ho fetisisa tseo bafuputsi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba li khothalletseng lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, e leng hore boitšoaro bo sa amoheleheng le lihlong li bolela esale pele mathata a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Bona Phuputso e ncha e pshatla tšōmo ea "boits'oaro ba boitšoaro".
'Nete ke hore, maemo a ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa bolela esale pele mathata a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, joalo ka tahi efe kapa efe. Ho lemalla bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho joalo ka litlamorao tsa papali le papali ea chelete, tseo ka bobeli li seng li hlophisitsoe ka har'a libuka tsa bongaka tse sebelisoang haholo. Ka 'nete, bona sena pampiri ke litsebi tse 15 tsa lefats'e, ho hlahisa hore bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le bona bo ka fumanoa joalo ka tahi tlasa karolo e ncha ea ICD-11 "Mathata a bakoang ke ho lemalla boitšoaro, ” eseng feela tlasa "Mathata a boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate”Ho hlahlojoa.
inahaneloang
Semelo le Sepheo
Boitšoaro bo hlephileng bo kenyelletsa ho se amohele boitšoaro boo batho ba kenang ho bona leha ba na le litumelo tsa boitšoaro. Le ha ho entsoe lipatlisiso tse ngata tsa hore na boits'oaro bo bobe bo amana joang le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, likarolo tse ka bang teng tsa boits'oaro bo hlephileng lithutong tse ling tsa boits'oaro ha li so batloe. Morero oa phuputso ena e ne e le ho fuputsa karolo ea boits'oaro bo hlephileng boits'oarong ba motho ka boeena: (1) litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, (2) ho lemalla inthanete, (3) liwebosaete tsa marang-rang le (4) lipapali tsa inthanete.
Design
Karolo ea sefapano se ngolisitsoeng ka marang-rang se ngolisitsoeng ka marang-rang se sebelisa mokhoa o mongata oa phetolo.
ho ipehela
Boithuto bo fumanehang marang-rang bo entsoeng Poland.
barupeluoa ba
Batho ba baholo ba 1036 ba Poland ba lilemo tse pakeng tsa 18 le 69.
Mehato
Mehato e ne e kenyelletsa boits'oaro ba boits'oaro ba motho ba ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, ts'ebeliso ea inthanete, liwebosaete tsa ho etsa metsoalle le papali ea inthanete) le liphetho tsa bona tse inahaneloang (boits'oaro bo bobe, tšebeliso ea makhetlo, nako ea ts'ebeliso, tumelo, lilemo, bong).
Liphello
Boitšoaro bo phahameng ba boitšoaro (β = 0.20, p <.001) le bolumeli bo phahameng (β = 0.08, p <.05) li ne li amahanngoa le boits'oaro bo phahameng ba ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ntle le moo, tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e ne e le eona e matla ka ho fetisisa ho tse boletsoeng esale pele (β = 0.43, p <.001). Kamano e ts'oanang, e ntle lipakeng tsa boits'oaro bo phahameng ba boits'oaro le bokhoba ba boithati bo ne bo le teng le inthaneteng (β = 0.16, p <.001), liwebosaete tsa metsoalle (β = 0.18, p <.001) le lithethefatsi tsa papali (β = 0.16, P <.001). Bolumeli bo ne bo ikhethile, leha bo ne bo fokola, bo hokahane le bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, empa eseng le mefuta e meng ea boits'oaro.
Nahanisisa
Boitšoaro bo hlephileng bo ka amahanngoa le maikutlo a hau a boits'oaro ba boits'oaro ho kenyelletsa eseng feela ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, empa le ts'ebeliso ea inthanete, liwebosaete tsa metsoalle le lipapali tsa inthanete.
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