Phapang pakeng tsa bong le kamano kamanong ea ho bapala ka thobalano ka ho rata le ho pepeta ho sa feleng le ho batla thobalano: Phuputso ea Mohlala oa Sechaba (2018)

Mefuta e hlakileng ea litakatso tsa botona le botšehali ho basali le banna e hlahisitse ho kenya letsoho ha mekhoa e laoloang (kapa ea ka boomo) le ea ts'ebetso ea kelello e ikhethileng (Barlow, 1986 Barlow, DH (1986). Lisosa tsa ho se sebetse hantle ka thobalano: Karolo ea ho tšoenyeha le ho kena-kenana le kelello. Sengoliloeng sa Bongoli le Psychology ea Clinical, 54, 140-148. doi:10.1037 / 0022-006X.54.2.140[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Janssen, Everaerd, Spiering le Janssen, 2000 Janssen, E., Everaerd, W., Ho qhekella, M., & Janssen, J. (2000). Lits'ebetso tse iketsahallang le teko ea maikutlo a thobalano: Ho ea molemong oa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea maikutlo ea thobalano. Journal of Research Research, 37, 8-23. doi:10.1080/00224490009552016[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; van Lankveld et al., 2015 van Lankveld, JJDM, Odekerken, I., Kok-Verhoeven, L., van Hooren, S., Vries, P., van Hout, A., & Verboon, P. (2015). Litloaelano tse hlakileng le tse hlakileng tse susumetsang tse tsosang takatso ho banna ba sebetsang ka thobalano le ba sa sebetseng. Journal ea Meriana ea Botona le Botšehali, 12, 1791-1804. doi:10.1111 / jsm.12930[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]). Mofuta oa kelello oa ho kena-kenana le ho tsosa takatso ea botona kapa botšehali (Barlow, 1986 Barlow, DH (1986). Lisosa tsa ho se sebetse hantle ka thobalano: Karolo ea ho tšoenyeha le ho kena-kenana le kelello. Sengoliloeng sa Bongoli le Psychology ea Clinical, 54, 140-148. doi:10.1037 / 0022-006X.54.2.140[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]) e fuoeng, hammoho le lintlha tse amang maikutlo, karolo e kholo ea ho sitisa mehopolo le ts'ebetso e leeme ea ts'ebetso ea thobalano. Mabapi le ts'ebetso e laoloang, e etsoang ka boomo, Barlow o khothalelitse hore, ha ho bapisoa le banna ba se nang maikutlo, banna ba nang le ho se sebetse ha erectile ba lebelletse ho ba le mathata a thobalano ha ba tobane le thobalano e ka bang teng. Litebello tse hlokolosi ke mehlala ea likhetho tse laoloang Mathata a hlahang khafetsa ka ts'ebetso ea thobalano a matlafatsa litebello tse mpe tsa motho, tse bakang ho se sebetse ho sa feleng ka thobalano. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, banna ba nang le boits'oaro ba lebelletse katleho ea ts'ebetso ea erectile, ba ba le maikutlo a matle, mme ba tsepamisa mohopolo o lekaneng ho litšusumetso tse mpe. Barlow o thehile mohlala oa hae lithutong tse ngata tsa liteko har'a banna (Abrahamson, Barlow, & Abrahamson, 1989 Abrahamson, DJ, Barlow, DH, & Abrahamson, LS (1989). Litlamorao tse fapaneng tsa tlhoko ea ts'ebetso le tšitiso ho banna ba sebetsang ka thobalano le ba sa sebetseng. Journal ea Psychology e sa tloaelehang, 98, 241-247. doi:10.1037 / 0021-843X.98.3.241[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Bach, Brown, & Barlow, 1999 Bach, AK, Brown, TA, & Barlow, DH (1999). Litlamorao tsa karabo e fosahetseng ea maikutlo mabapi le tebello e matla ea bophelo bo botle le thobalano e matla ho ba batona ba sebetsang ka thobalano. Pheko ea Behaivere, 30, 79-95. doi:10.1016/S0005-7894(99)80047-1[Crossref], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Barlow, Sakheim, & Beck, 1983 Barlow, DH, Sakheim, DK, & Beck, JG (1983). Ho tšoenyeha ho eketsa tsoho ea ho kopanela liphate. Journal ea Psychology e sa tloaelehang, 92, 49-54. doi:10.1037 / 0021-843X.92.1.49[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Beck & Barlow, 1986a Beck, JG, & Barlow, DH (1986a). Litlamorao tsa ho tšoenyeha le ho tsepamisa mohopolo karabong ea thobalano: I. Melemo ea 'mele ea ho se sebetse hantle ka mokhoa oa ho se sebetse hantle (erectile dysfunction). Patlisiso ea Boitšoaro le Phekolo, 24, 9-17. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(86)90144-0[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google], 1986b Beck, JG, & Barlow, DH (1986b). Litlamorao tsa ho tšoenyeha le ho tsepamisa mohopolo karabong ea thobalano: II. Lits'oants'o tse bohlale le tse amanang le ts'ebeliso ea bokhoni ba erectile. Patlisiso ea Boitšoaro le Phekolo, 24, 19-26. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(86)90145-2[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Mitchell, DiBartolo, Brown, & Barlow, 1998 Mitchell, WB, DiBartolo, PM, Brown, TA, & Barlow, DH (1998). Litlamorao tsa maikutlo a mabe le a fosahetseng mabapi le ho tsosa takatso ea botona kapa ea botšehali ho banna ba sebetsang ka thobalano. Litlaleho tsa Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 27, 197-207. doi:10.1023 / A: 1018686631428[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Weisberg, Bach, & Barlow, 1995 Weisberg, RB, Bach, AK, & Barlow, DH (1995). Litšoaneleho tsa banna ba bong bo sebetsang le ba ho se sebetse hantle bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea erectile nakong ea litekanyo tsa 'mele. Pampiri e hlahisitsoeng kopanong ea selemo le selemo ea Mokhatlo bakeng sa Tsoelo-pele ea Behaeve Therapy, Washington, DC. [Setsebi sa Google]). Ho qhekelloa ha litebello tsa barupeluoa ba katleho ea thobalano e sa atleheng ho fumanoe ho ama ts'ebetso ea erectile ho banna ba nang le ntle le ts'ebeliso ea erectile (Bach et al., 1999 Bach, AK, Brown, TA, & Barlow, DH (1999). Litlamorao tsa karabo e fosahetseng ea maikutlo mabapi le tebello e matla ea bophelo bo botle le thobalano e matla ho ba batona ba sebetsang ka thobalano. Pheko ea Behaivere, 30, 79-95. doi:10.1016/S0005-7894(99)80047-1[Crossref], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Lejoe, Clark, Sbrocco, & Lewis, 2009 Lejoe, JM, Clark, R., Sbrocco, T., & Lewis, EL (2009). Litlamorao tsa karabo ea bohata ea 'mele ho mafu le masapo a kelello ho banna ba sebetsang ka thobalano le ba sa sebetseng hantle.. Litlaleho tsa Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 38, 528-537. doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9370-9[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]). Lilemong tsa morao tjena, mofuta ona o sebelisitsoe le ho basali (Laan & Everaerd, 1995 Lana, E., & Everaerd, W. (1995). Boikemisetso ba basali ba ho tsosa takatso ea botona le botšehali: mohopolo le tlhaiso-leseling ea kelello. Tlhahlobo ea selemo le selemo ea Patlisiso ea Thobalano, 6, 32-76. doi:10.1080/10532528.1995.10559901[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Wiegel, Scepkowski, le Barlow, 2007 Wiegel, M., Scepkowski, LA, & Barlow, DH (2007). Lits'ebetso tsa kelello tse amanang le ho hlekefetsa ka thobalano le ho hloka thobalano ka thobalano, a E. Janssen (Moq.), The psychophysiology ea thobalano (maq. 143-165). Bloomington, In Indiana University Press. [Setsebi sa Google]). Phuputsong ea liteko ho basali, maikutlo a fosahetseng, mohlomong a lebisang ho litebello tse ntle, a fumanoe a baka ho tsosa takatso e phahameng ea thobalano, mme maikutlo a fosahetseng a fositse a bakile ho tsosa takatso e tlase ho basali ba nang le ts'oaetso ea thobalano (McCall & Meston, 2007 McCall, KM, & Boston, CM (2007). Litlamorao tsa maikutlo a fosahetseng a fosahetseng le a fosahetseng a 'mele mabapi le ho tsosa takatso ea botona kapa ea botšehali: Papiso ea basali ba nang le lefu le sa tsitsang la thobalano kapa le se nang lona.. Litlaleho tsa Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 36, 518-530. doi:10.1007/s10508-006-9140-5[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]). Maikutlo a fosahetseng, leha ho le joalo, ha a ka a lebisa ho tsoso e phahameng ea thobalano ho basali ba phetseng hantle empa e felletse ka ho tsosa takatso e tlase ea thobalano ho basali ba sa sebetseng ka thobalano. Ho tsosa litho tsa botona kapa botšehali lihlopheng ka bobeli ho ne ho sa angoa ke maikutlo a fosahetseng. Lithuto tsa lipotso tsa lipotso tse fapakaneng li fane ka tšehetso e tsoelang pele ea mohlala. Banna le basali ba nang le mathata a thobalano ba fumanoe ba e-na le likamano tse fosahetseng tsa boomo ho feta batho ba sa boneng maikutlo pele ho nako, nakong le ho latela thobalano e arohaneng, ho kenyeletsoa mefuta e meng ea menahano e mebe ea thobalano, maikutlo a thobalano le boits'oaro ba thobalano (Andersen, Cyranowski, & Espindle , 1999 Andersen, BL, Korenowski, JM, & Espindle, D. (1999). Boitšoaro ba banna ba thobalano. Journal of Personality le Psychology Social, 76, 645-661. doi:10.1037 / 0022-3514.76.4.645[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Nobre & Pinto-Gouveia, 2009a Nobre, PJ, & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2009a). Schemas ea kelello e amanang le liketsahalo tse mpe tsa thobalano: Papiso ea banna le basali ba se nang ho hloka thobalano le ho hloka thobalano. Litlaleho tsa Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 38, 842-851. doi:10.1007 / s10508-008-9450-x[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google], 2009b Nobre, PJ, & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2009b). Potso ea ts'ebetso ea schema e sebetsang maemong a thobalano: Mohato oa ho hlahloba schemas ea kelello o ts'ebetsong maemong a sa sebetseng a thobalano.. Journal of Research Research, 46, 425-437. doi:10.1080/00224490902792616[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]).

Moetso oa tlhahisoleseling oa Janssen et al. (2000 Janssen, E., Everaerd, W., Ho qhekella, M., & Janssen, J. (2000). Lits'ebetso tse iketsahallang le teko ea maikutlo a thobalano: Ho ea molemong oa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea maikutlo ea thobalano. Journal of Research Research, 37, 8-23. doi:10.1080/00224490009552016[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]) e behile karolo ea bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea boits'oaro ea boits'oaro ba boits'oaro e le sesosa sa ts'usumetso ea thobalano. Maikutlo a mantlha mokhoeng ona ke hore, ha ho lemohuoa, li ngotsoe e le thobalano kapa batho ba bong bo fapaneng, e leng se hlahisang, ka ho latellana, ho bebofatsa kapa ho thibela likarabo tsa thobalano le thobalano. Qalong, ho kenya kh'outu le ho lekola lits'oants'o tsa boits'oaro ke lits'ebetso tse iketsang, tseo motho eo a ka bang a sa li tsebe, leha tlhokomeliso e kanna ea hlaha maemong a morao-rao a ts'ebetso (Nisbett & Wilson, 1977 Nisbett, RELEBOHILE, & Wilson, TD (1977). Ho bua ho feta kamoo re ka tsebang: Litlaleho tsa polelo ka mekhoa ea kelello. Tlhahlobo ea kelello, 84, 231-259. doi:10.1037 / 0033-295X.84.3.231[Crossref], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Schneider le Shiffrin, 1977 LITSELA W., & Shiffrin, RM (1977). Ts'ebetso ea tlhaiso-leseling ea batho ba laoloang le bo ikemetseng: I. Ho fumanwa, ho fuputsoa le ho tse hlokoa. Tlhahlobo ea kelello, 84, 1-66. doi:10.1037 / 0033-295X.84.1.1[Crossref], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]). Ho ea ka mohlala, litšusumetso tse ngotsoeng hore li na le moelelo oa thobalano li iketsahalla ka kotloloho. Ho hlokomela tlhokomeliso ha ho hlokehe molemong ona. Ts'ehetso ea bochaba ea mohlala ona e se e qalile ho hlaha lipatlisisong tsa liteko ho banna le basali (Macapagal & Janssen, 2011 Macapagal, KR, & Janssen, E. (2011). Phoso ea thobalano: Litloaelano tse ikemetseng tsa erotophilia le erotophobia. Botho le Phapang ea Motho ka mong, 51, 699-703. doi:10.1016 / j.paid.2011.06.008[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Ho qhekella, Everaerd, & Janssen, 2003 Ho qhekella, M., Everaerd, W., & Janssen, E. (2003). Ho qala ts'ebetso ea thobalano: Ho kenya ts'ebetsong thobalano le litlhare tse hlakileng. Journal of Research Research, 40, 134-145. doi:10.1080/00224490309552175[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Ho qhekella, Everaerd, Karsdorp, Bobeli le & Brauer, 2006 Ho qhekella, M., Everaerd, W., Karsdorp, P., Ka bobeli, S., & Brauer, M. (2006). Ho se tsebe letho ka leseli la thobalano: Kakaretso ho basali. Journal of Research Research, 43, 268-281. doi:10.1080/00224490609552325[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]).

Khopolo ea morao-rao e sebelisang morao tjena (Corr, 2010 Corr, PJ (2010). Lits'ebetso tse ikemetseng le tse laoloang taolong ea boitšoaro: Litlamorao ho psychology ea botho. Koranta ea Europe ea Botho, 24, 376-403. doi:10.1002 / per.779[Crossref], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Evans le Frankish, 2009 Evans, J., & Sefora, K. (2009). likelello tse peli: lits'ebetso tse peli le tse ling. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.[Crossref] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Olson le Fazio, 2008 Olson, MA, & Fazio, RH (2008). Mehato e hlakileng le e hlakileng ea maikutlo: Pono ea mohlala oa MOSE, a RELEBOHILE Tse nyenyane, RH fazio, P. Briñol, RELEBOHILE Tse nyenyane, RH fazio, & P. Briñol (Eds.), Boikutlo: Lintlha tse tsoang mehatong e ncha e hlakileng (maq. 19-63). New York, NY: Press Press. [Setsebi sa Google]) ho khothalelitsoe ho hlalosa litlatsetso tse feto-fetohang tsa ts'ebetso e laoloang le e ikatisang ea tšusumetso e makatsang molokong oa batho ba tsosang takatso ea botona kapa botšehali (van Lankveld, 2010 van Lankveld, JJDM (2010, E se eka 9-13). Mekhoa ea ho shebella ho tsosa takatso ea botona kapa botšehali ka thobalano: Tlhahlobo le data e ncha. Pampiri e hlahisitsoeng Sebokeng sa 10th sa European Federation of Sexology, Porto, Portugal. [Setsebi sa Google]; van Lankveld et al., 2018 van Lankveld, JJDM, de Jong, PJ, Henckens, MJMJ, Len Hollander, P., van Hout, AJHC, & Vries, P. (2018). Litloaelo tse ikemetseng tsa thobalano le ho hlleha thobalano ho banna ba nang le bothata ba thobalano. Journal of Research Research, 55, 802-813. doi:10.1080/00224499.2017.1394960[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google], 2015 van Lankveld, JJDM, Odekerken, I., Kok-Verhoeven, L., van Hooren, S., Vries, P., van Hout, A., & Verboon, P. (2015). Litloaelano tse hlakileng le tse hlakileng tse susumetsang tse tsosang takatso ho banna ba sebetsang ka thobalano le ba sa sebetseng. Journal ea Meriana ea Botona le Botšehali, 12, 1791-1804. doi:10.1111 / jsm.12930[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]). Meetso ea mekhoa e 'meli, ea bohlokoa, e nahana hore litlamorao tse amanang le boits'oaro bo laoloang le bo laoloang liphellong tsa boitšoaro li khethoa ke maemo a moeli le a moeli (Hofmann & Friese, 2008 Hoffman, W., & Friese, M. (2008). Litlhotlollo li nthoma hamolemo: Joala bo laola tšusumetso ea maikutlo a hlakileng litekanyetsong tsa lijo mabapi le boits'oaro. Journal ea Psychology e sa tloaelehang, 117, 420-427. doi:10.1037 / 0021-843X.117.2.420[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Strack & Deutsch, 2004 Strack, F., & Deutsch, R. (2004). Lits'oaetso tse khothatsang le tse susumetsang tsa boitšoaro ba sechaba. Botho le Tlhahlobo ea Psychology ea Sechaba, 8, 220-247. doi:10.1207 / s15327957pspr0803_1[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]) (bona Setšoantšo sa 1). Karolo ea bohlokoahali hara maemo ana e abetsoe bokhoni ba ho hopola lintho (WMC; Baddeley, 1992 Baddley, A. (1992). Ho hopola mohopolo. Science, 255, 556-559. doi:10.1126 / science.1736359[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Dehaene, 2014 Dehaene, S. (2014). Tsebo le kelello: Ho hlalosa kamoo boko bo tsamaisang menahano ea rona. New York, NY: Viking. [Setsebi sa Google]). Lintho tse ka u amang, joalo ka mokhathala, botaoa, joala bo sa thabiseng ba maikutlo (Figueira et al., 2017 Figueira, JSB, Oliveira, L., Pereira, MG, Pacheco, LB, Lobo, I., Motta-Ribeiro, GC, & David, IA (2017). Boemo bo sa thabiseng ba maikutlo bo fokotsa matla a memori a sebetsang: Bopaki ba motlakase. Neuroscience ea Sechaba le Kameho e Ntle, 12, 984-992. doi:10.1093 / scan / nsx030[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]), le matšoenyeho (Moran, 2016 Moran, TP (2016). Matšoenyeho le bokhoni ba memori bo sebetsang: Tlhahlobo-leseling. Psychological Bulletin, 142, 831-864. doi:10.1037 / bul0000051[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]), sitisa tšebetso ea memori e sebetsang. Liphapang tsa batho ka bomong ho WMC li fumanoa li amana haholo empa ha li tšoane le bohlale ba kristale le metsi (bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea meta, bona Ackerman, Beier, & Boyle, 2005 Ackerman, TL, Beier, MOTSE, & Boyle, MO (2005). Ho hopola mohopolo le bohlale: Metsoako e ts'oanang kapa e fapaneng? Psychological Bulletin, 131, 30-60. doi:10.1037 / 0033-2909.131.1.30[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]). Matla a ho lekanyetsa maemo a moeli a bakoa ke litšobotsi tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebetso ea mefuta e 'meli ea ts'ebetso ea tlhaiso-leseling. Ts'ebetso e iketsang e sebetsa ka nako eohle ha motho a tsohile. E khona ho sebetsa ka nako e le ngoe lintlha tse ngata tse tsoang tšimong e pharalletseng ea kutloisiso le mekhoa e fapaneng ea kutlo mme e hloka WMC e nyane. Ts'ebetso e laoloang, ka lehlakoreng le leng, e hlaha ka tatellano mme e butle butle. E khona ho hatella likarabo tse iketsang (tse sa susumetsoang) (Hofmann & Friese, 2008 Hoffman, W., & Friese, M. (2008). Litlhotlollo li nthoma hamolemo: Joala bo laola tšusumetso ea maikutlo a hlakileng litekanyetsong tsa lijo mabapi le boits'oaro. Journal ea Psychology e sa tloaelehang, 117, 420-427. doi:10.1037 / 0021-843X.117.2.420[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Strack & Deutsch, 2004 Strack, F., & Deutsch, R. (2004). Lits'oaetso tse khothatsang le tse susumetsang tsa boitšoaro ba sechaba. Botho le Tlhahlobo ea Psychology ea Sechaba, 8, 220-247. doi:10.1207 / s15327957pspr0803_1[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]), empa ts'ebetso ea eona ka mokhoa o makatsang e ipapisitse le ho fumaneha ha WMC. Phokotso ho WMC, ka hona, e nyenyefatsa ts'ebetso ea taolo ea taolo e laoloang, mme e lumelle lits'ebetso tsa othomathiki ho laola sephetho sa boits'oaro le mmele. Ha e sebelisoa ho tsa thobalano, maikutlo a ts'ebetso ea likamano tse peli a bolela esale pele hore WMC e tlase kapa e fokotsehile e tla nyolla phello ea boits'oaro bo bobe (bo bobe) bo ikemetseng le ho theola boiketsetso (bo botle) ​​bo laoloang tšebetsong ea thobalano. Mekhatlo e ikemetseng e nahanoa ho bonts'a li-stereotypes tsa setso tse fetisoang ka ts'ebelisano (Nosek et al., 2009 Nosek, BA, Motsoako, FL, Sriram, N., Lindner, NM, Devos, T., Ayala, A., ... Greenwald, AG (2009). Phapang pakeng tsa naha lithutong tsa mahlale a bong le bong li bolela phapang ea bong ba naha litabeng tsa saense le lipalo. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences ea United States of America, 106, 10593-10597. doi:10.1073 / pnas.0809921106[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Steffens le Buchner, 2003 Steffens, MC, & Buchner, A. (2003). Teko ea Mokhatlo o Felletseng: Likarolo tse arohaneng tsa maemo a tsitsitseng le tse fapaneng tsa maikutlo ho banna ba ratanang. Kelello ea Psychology, 50, 33-48. doi:10.1027 // 1618-3169.50.1.33[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]) le nalane ea thuto ea motho ka mong (Gonzalez, Dunlop, & Baron, 2017 Gonzalez, AM, Dunlop, WL, & Baron, JOALOKAHA (2017). Monyetla oa mekhatlo e meng e sa fumaneng ntlafatso. Saense ea Ntšetso-pele, 20. Doi:10.1111 / asc.12481[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]). Li ithutoa ka ho kopanya hangata khafetsa le boemo ba maikutlo (Gawronski & Bodenhausen, 2006 Gawronski, B., & Bodenhausen, GV (2006). Mekgwa e amanang le tlhahiso ea tekanyetso: Tlhahlobo e kopantseng ea phetoho e hlakileng le e hlakileng ea maikutlo. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 692-731. doi:10.1037 / 0033-2909.132.5.692[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]).

Lintho tse fapaneng tsa mofuta oa tšebetso ea thobalano li 'nile tsa lekoa ka matla. Sehlopha sa pele sa lithuto tse tla hlahlojoa se shebile karolo ea moeli o fokolang oa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso. Liphuputsong tse 'maloa tsa liteko tsa banna le basali, ba sebelisa lipapatso tse peli kapa litšitiso, likarabo tsa thobalano li fumanoe li fapana ho latela boteng ba matla a ho sebetsana le tlhaiso-leseling (Adams, Haynes, & Brayer, 1985 Adams, AE, III, Haynes, SN, & Brayer, MA (1985). Ho lemoha lintho tse ngata tse tsosang takatso ea botšehali. Psychology, 22, 689-696. doi:10.1111 / j.1469-8986.1985.tb01669.x[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Anderson le Hamilton, 2015 Anderson, AB, & Hamilton, LD (2015). Tlhahlobo ea lintho tse ka re sitisang ho susumetsoa ke lintho tse re tsosang ka ho se tsilatsile. Journal of Research Research, 52, 317-326. doi:10.1080/00224499.2013.876608[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Elliott le O'Donohue, 1997 Elliott, AN, & O'Donohue, WT (1997). Litlamorao tsa matšoenyeho le tšitiso ho batho ba batšehali ka ho etsa thobalano e le sampole sa basali ba bong bo fapaneng. Litlaleho tsa Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 26, 607-624.[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Geer le Fuhr, 1976 Geer, JH, & Fuhr, R. (1976). Lintlha tse thusang ho tsosa takatso ea botona le botšehali: Karolo ea ho sitisoa. Sengoliloeng sa Bongoli le Psychology ea Clinical, 44, 238-243. doi:10.1037 / 0022-006X.44.2.238[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Salemink le van Lankveld, 2006 Salemink, E., & van Lankveld, JJ (2006). Litlamorao tsa ho ata ha litšitiso ho karabelo ea thobalano ho basali ba nang le mathata a thobalano. Litlaleho tsa Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 35, 179-190. doi:10.1007/s10508-005-9014-2[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; van Lankveld le Bergh, 2008 van Lankveld, JJDM, & Bergh, S. (2008). Tšebelisano 'moho ea likarolo le boits'oaro ba ho tsepamisa mohopolo li ama setho sa botšehali, empa eseng ho nka bohato, ho tsosa takatso ea thobalano ho basali ba sebetsang ka thobalano.. Patlisiso ea Boitšoaro le Phekolo, 46, 514-528. doi:10.1016 / j.brat.2008.01.017[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; van Lankveld le van Den Hout, 2004 van Lankveld, JJDM, & van Hout, MA (2004). Ho eketsa litšitiso tse ngata tse sitisang litho tsa botona empa e seng tse tsosang takatso ea thobalano ea banna ba sebetsang le ba sa sebetseng hantle thobalanong.. Litlaleho tsa Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 33, 549-558. doi:10.1023 / B: ASEB.0000044739.29113.73[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]). Hlokomela hore lithuto tsena, ka nako eo li neng li etsoa le ho phatlalatsoa, ​​li ne li sa etsoa joalo ka liteko tsa likhakanyo tse tsoang mefuteng ea mekhoa e 'meli. Sebakeng seo li ne li entsoe ka moralo, ka mohlala, joalo ka ho leka litlamorao tsa tšitiso, ho eketsa mojaro oa kutloisiso, le ho fokotsa matla a ho shebella ho tsosa takatso ea thobalano. Likarabo tsa setho sa botona le botšehali li fumanoe li fokotseha ha mosebetsi oa bobeli, ka nako e le 'ngoe, o nang le ts'oaetso o nka likarolo tse kholo tsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso, leha lithuto tse ling, ka lehlakoreng le leng, li fumane hore tšitiso ea kutloisiso e nolofalletsa likarabo tsa erectile (Abrahamson, Barlow, Sakheim, Beck , & Athanasiou, 1985 Abrahamson, DJ, Barlow, DH, Sakheim, DK, Beck, JG, & Athanasiou, R. (1985). Litlamorao tsa ho sitisoa ha karabo ea thobalano ho banna ba sebetsang le ba sa sebetseng hantle. Pheko ea Behaivere, 16, 503-515. doi:10.1016/S0005-7894(85)80028-9[Crossref], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Janssen, Everaerd, Van Lunsen, le Oerlemans, 1994 Janssen, E., Everaerd, W., Van Lunsen, RH, & Ma-Olemlem, S. (1994). Ho netefatsa netefatso ea kelello ea tsoekere ea erectile ea kelello le tlhoko ea mafu a mafu a monna erectile. Urology, 43, 686-695; puisano 695-686. doi:10.1016/0090-4295(94)90185-6[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]).

Liphuputsong tse fokolang, paradigm ea Implicit Association Test (IAT) (Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998 Greenwald, AG, McGhee, DE, & Schwartz, JL (1998). Ho lekanya liphapang tsa motho ka mong tlhahlobong e hlakileng: Teko ea Mokhatlo o Khethiloeng. Journal of Personality le Psychology Social, 74, 1464-1480. doi:10.1037 / 0022-3514.74.6.1464[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]) e sebelisitsoe ho leka ntho e 'ngoe ho tsoa mofuteng oa tšebetso tse peli, e leng, tlatsetso e lekanyelitsoeng ea mekhatlo e ikemetseng e laoloang le ts'usumetso ea ts'usumetso ea thobalano. IAT e ikemiselitse ho lekanya matla a mekhatlo e ikemetseng mohopolong lipakeng tsa lipalo tse peli (e reng lipehelo tsa sepheo 'me tšebeliso). Ho etsa joalo, bankakarolo ba laeloa ho fana ka lintho tse hlahang skrineng sa komporo ka mekhahlelo ka ho tobetsa likonopo tse khethiloeng khubung ea bona. Lenane la IAT le baloa ho tloha liphapanong tsa linako tsa karabelo lipakeng tsa ho qala hoa tšusumetso le likarabo tsa konopo ea konopo mefuteng e fapaneng ea likhopolo tse peli. Re bua ka ts'ebetso ea ts'ebeliso ea kelello e le "ho iketsahalla ha e bapisoa le ho laoloa" ha re tšohla litaba tsa mohopolo le liphetho tse lekantsoeng tsa ts'oaetso e le "tse hlakileng khahlanong le tse hlakileng" ha re bua ka lintlha le lintlha tse fumanoeng. Thutong ea hajoale, ho sebelisitsoe Single-Target Implicit Association Test (ST-IAT), e leng phetoho e lebisitsoeng ho IAT (Bluemke & Friese, 2008 Bluemke, M., & Friese, M. (2008). Ho ts'epahala le ho nepahala ha I-single-Target IAT (ST-IAT): Ho lekola tšusumetso e iketsahallang ho lintho tse fapaneng. Koranta ea Europe ea Psychology ea Sechaba, 38, 977-997. doi:10.1002 / ejsp.487[Crossref], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]). Ho IAT, mekhahlelo e 'meli e hanyetsanang ea ho hanyetsa e kenyellelitsoe e emelang bahanyetsi ba hlahang ka tlhaho (mohlala, banna khahlanong le basali, animate bapisoa le ho se phele). Mekha e joalo e hanyetsanang ha e fumanehe habonolo bakeng sa ts'usumetso ea thobalano, ka hona, maikutlo a thobalano a ne a sebelisoa e le sehlopha se ikemetseng.

Phuputsong ea ho shebella, ho ile ha hlahlojoa mekhatlo e ikemetseng ea ho kenella ka botšehaling ka ho nyonya le ts'oso (Borg, de Jong, & Weijmar Schultz, 2010 Borg, C., de Jong, PJ, & Weijmar Schultz, W. (2010). Vaginismus le dyspareunia: Boikarabello bo ikemetseng le boits'oaro ba ka boomo. Journal ea Meriana ea Botona le Botšehali, 7, 2149-2157. doi:10.1111 / j.1743-6109.2010.01800.x[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]) sebelisa li-ST-IAT tse peli. Basali ba nang le mathata a bohloko ba thobalano kapa ba botšehali ba fumanoe ba bonts'a likamano tse matla pakeng tsa thobalano le manyala ho feta basali ba neng ba sa kopane. Phuputsong e entsoeng har'a batho ba baholo ba phetseng hantle, litloaelano tse amanang le thobalano tse amanang le thobalano ea ST-IAT li ne li sa amane ka botlalo le ts'ebetso ea thobalano kapa karabo ea botona kapa ea botsotsi ea thobalano e amanang le tšusumetso e mpe (Grauvogl et al., 2015 Grauvogl, A., de Jong, P., Peters, M., Esale, S., van Overveld, M., & van Lankveld, J. (2015). Ho nyatsa le ho tsosa takatso ea botona kapa ea botšehali ho banna le basali ba baholo. Litlaleho tsa Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 44, 1515-1525. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0349-4[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]). Phuputsong e 'ngoe ea ST-IAT (Brauer et al., 2012 Brauer, M., van Leeuwen, M., Janssen, E., Ntlo e ncha, SK, Heiman, JR, & Lana, E. (2012). Ts'ebetso e shebileng le e ananelang ea ts'usumetso ea thobalano ho basali ba nang le takatso ea takatso ea thobalano. Litlaleho tsa Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 41, 891-905. doi:10.1007/s10508-011-9820-7[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]), basali ba ileng ba fumanoa ka nako eo ba e-na le hypoactive sex takatso disorder (HSDD) ba bonts'itse tse ntle (empa eseng tse mpe) mekhatlo e kenelletseng ea ts'ebetso ea ho kenella ka hara bosali ka botle bo botle, ha e bapisoa le basali ba sebetsang ka thobalano.

Valence e bapala karolo litakatsong tse peli tse lumellanang ("ho rata") le tse susumetsang ("tse batang") tse ka bang le litlamorao ho ts'ebetso ea thobalano (Dewitte, 2015 Dewitte, M. (2015). Phapang pakeng tsa botona le botšehali ho ratoang le ho batla thobalano: Ho hlahloba karolo ea moelelo oa tšusumetso le ts'ebetso e hlakileng le e sebetsanang le ho hlaka. Litlaleho tsa Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 44, 1663-1674. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0419-7[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]). Mefuta eo ka bobeli ea teko e thathamisitsoe khopolo ea maikutlo (bona Frijda, 1993 Mohlomphehi, NH (1993). Sebaka sa ho lekola maikutlo. Temoho le maikutlo, 7, 357-387. doi:10.1080/02699939308409193[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]) joalo ka ho lekanya boemo ba kananelo (ho rata) litšitiso le tloaelo ea ho atamela kapa ho qoba tšusumetso (ho batla). Haufinyane, lihahi tsena li sebelisitsoe ho mofuta oa methapo ea kutlo ea ts'ebetso ea thobalano (Georgiadis, Kringelbach, & Pfaus, 2012 Georgiadis, JR, Kringelbach, ML, & Pfaus, JG (2012). Thobalano bakeng sa monate: Khopolo ea neurobiology ea motho le liphoofolo. Tlhatlhobo ea Tlhaho, 9, 486-498. doi:10.1038 / nrurol.2012.151[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]). Mohlala ona, ho batla ke karolo e susumetsang ea karabelo ea thobalano e ka bang le boiphihlelo e le ho eketsa takatso ea thobalano, athe ho rata ho bapala karolo ea mantlha mohatong oa ho phethela mme ho bonts'oa ke ho tsosa takatso ea thobalano. Phapang lipakeng tsa ho rata le ho batla e bontšitsoe ka mehlala ea bakuli ba nang le lithethefatsi tse seng molaong (Robinson & Berridge, 1993 Robinson, TE, & Berridge, KC (1993). Motheo oa neural oa takatso ea lithethefatsi: Khopolo ea tšusumetso ea takatso ea ho lemalla. Tlhahlobo ea Patlisiso ea Brain, 18, 247-291. doi:10.1016/0165-0173(93)90013-P[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google], 2008 Robinson, TE, & Berridge, KC (2008). Khopolo ea tšusumetso ea matla a ho lematsa: Litaba tse ling tsa hona joale. Phetohelo ea Philosophical ea Royal Society ea London. Series B, Lithuto tsa Bioloji, 363, 3137-3146. doi:10.1098 / rstb.2008.0093[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]) le mathata a ho ja (Tibboel et al., 2011 Tibboele, H., De Houwer, J., Spruyt, A., Masimo, M., Kempe, E., & Crombez, G. (2011). Ho leka bonnete ba mehato e hlakileng ea ho batla le ho rata. Sengoloa sa Behavior Therapy le Tlhahlobo ea Kelello ea Psychology, 42, 284-292. doi:10.1016 / j.jbtep.2011.01.002[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]). Ka hona, haufi le litloaelano tse felletseng tsa ho rata thobalano, mekhatlo e batlang takatso ea thobalano e kanna ea khahlisa, e bonts'a sepheo se ikemiselitseng thobalano.

Mekhatlo e totobetseng ea litakatso tsa botona le botšehali le ho rata le ho batla e ile ea hlahlojoa ho bakuli ba basali ba nang le mathata a thobalano (van Lankveld, Bandell, Bastin-Hurek, van Beurden le Araz 2018 van Lankveld, JJDM, Li-bandell, M., Bastin-Hurek, E., van Beurden, M., & Araz, S. (2018). Litloaelano tse hlakileng le tse hlakileng tsa basali ba nang le mathata a thobalano le ntle le thobalano. Litlaleho tsa Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 47, 1663-1674. doi:10.1007/s10508-018-1152-4[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]). Ka lihlopha tsena ka bobeli, likamano tse matla tsa tšusumetso e mpe ea takatso ka takatso e matla li ne li amahanngoa le maemo a phahameng a ts'ebetso ea thobalano. Ha ho bapisoa le basali ba sa nahaneleng, basali ba nang le mathata a thobalano ba fumanoe ba bonts'a likamano tse mpe tse fetelletseng tsa tšusumetso e mpe ka ho batla, ho supa tšusumetso ea thobalano ka boiketsetso. Ntle le moo, litekanyetso tse ntle tse hlakileng tsa tšusumetso e mpe li ne li amahanngoa le maemo a tlase a khatello ea thobalano ka lihlopha tsena ka bobeli. Lihlopha tsena tse peli ha lia ka tsa fapana mabapi le tšusumetso e mpe ea takatso ea thobalano le takatso.

Mekhatlo e ikemetseng le e batlang, e lekantsoeng ho sebelisoa ST-IAT, le eona e ile ea etsoa liphuputso ho bakuli ba urological ba monna le ntle le ho hloka thobalano (van Lankveld et al., 2015 van Lankveld, JJDM, Odekerken, I., Kok-Verhoeven, L., van Hooren, S., Vries, P., van Hout, A., & Verboon, P. (2015). Litloaelano tse hlakileng le tse hlakileng tse susumetsang tse tsosang takatso ho banna ba sebetsang ka thobalano le ba sa sebetseng. Journal ea Meriana ea Botona le Botšehali, 12, 1791-1804. doi:10.1111 / jsm.12930[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]). Leha lihlopha tsena tse peli li ne li fapane mabapi le setsoalle se kopantsoeng sa tšusumetso e makatsang ea lerato, lerato la phapang le bonts'itsoeng le ne le sa lebelloa: Banna ba sa sebetseng ka thobalano ba fumanoe ba e-na le likamano tse ntle le tse susumetsang tse mpe ho feta banna ba phetseng hantle. Lihlopha tsena ka bobeli ha lia ka tsa fapana mabapi le tlhokahalo e phethahetseng. Phuputsong ea bobeli har'a bakuli ba urological ba banna le ba nang le mathata a thobalano, ho fumana sena ho ile ha phetoa, mme barupeluoa ba nang le litekanyetso tse tlase tsa ts'ebetso ea thobalano ba bonts'a mokhatlo o matla oa boits'oaro bo ikemetseng. Phello ena e bile kholo haholo sehlopheng sa batho ba banyenyane lilemong (van Lankveld et al., 2018 van Lankveld, JJDM, de Jong, PJ, Henckens, MJMJ, Len Hollander, P., van Hout, AJHC, & Vries, P. (2018). Litloaelo tse ikemetseng tsa thobalano le ho hlleha thobalano ho banna ba nang le bothata ba thobalano. Journal of Research Research, 55, 802-813. doi:10.1080/00224499.2017.1394960[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]). Mohlaleng oa seithuti o seng oa semolao, lintlha tse 'maloa tsa boitšoaro ba banna tsa thobalano li hlalositsoe hantle ho fetisisa ho tsoa ho litakatso tsa bona tse hlakileng tsa ho rata thobalano, athe boitšoaro ba basali ba thobalano bo ne bo boletsoe hamolemo ho sebelisa lintlha tse felletseng tsa ho batla thobalano (Dewitte, 2015 Dewitte, M. (2015). Phapang pakeng tsa botona le botšehali ho ratoang le ho batla thobalano: Ho hlahloba karolo ea moelelo oa tšusumetso le ts'ebetso e hlakileng le e sebetsanang le ho hlaka. Litlaleho tsa Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 44, 1663-1674. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0419-7[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]).

Lithutong tsohle tse hlahlojoang pele tsa likamano tse itlhommeng pele ka mokhoa o iketsahallang, batho ba nang le ts'oaetso ea thobalano ba sa bapisoe, ba nka karohano lipakeng tsa ts'ebetso ea thobalano e phetseng hantle le e ferekaneng, e thehiloeng lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tse tlasa (mohlala, Barlow, 1986 Barlow, DH (1986). Lisosa tsa ho se sebetse hantle ka thobalano: Karolo ea ho tšoenyeha le ho kena-kenana le kelello. Sengoliloeng sa Bongoli le Psychology ea Clinical, 54, 140-148. doi:10.1037 / 0022-006X.54.2.140[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]). Ho fapana le mefuta e joalo ea bongaka kapa ea sehlopha ea ts'ebetso ea thobalano le ho se sebetse hantle (bakeng sa puisano, bona Pronier & Monk-Turner, 2014 Pronier, C., & Monk-Turner, E. (2014). Lintlha tse bopa khotsofalo ea basali ka thobalano: Papiso ea mefuta ea bongaka le ea sechaba. Tlaleho ea lithuto tsa bong, 23, 69-80. doi:10.1080/09589236.2012.752347[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]), mohlala oa mahlale a psychopathology (Anderson, Huppert, & Rose, 1993 Anderson, J., Huppert, F., & pinki, G. (1993). Tloaelo, ho fapoha le boemo bo fokolang ba kelello ba kelello sechabeng. Mokhoa o thehiloeng ho palo ea batho oa Lintlha tsa Kakaretso tsa Bophelo bo Botle ho Patlisiso ea Bophelo le Bophelo. Phekolo ea kelello, 23, 475-485. doi:10.1017 / S0033291700028567[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]) e tiisa ho ba teng hoa matšoao a psychopathology ho baahi, ho tloha ho se be teng ka ho felletseng ha batho ba sa nahaneng ho ea ho lihlopha tse felletseng tsa matšoao ho batho ba nang le bothata ba kelello bo tebileng (Kessler, 2002 Kessler, RC (2002). Phehisano ea tlhahlobo e bapisoang le likarolo tsa thuto ea mafu a kelello. Sengoloa sa Bophelo le Boitšoaro ba Sechaba, 43, 171-188. doi:10.2307/3090195[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]). Bopaki ba boteng ba pharalla, bo tsoelang pele ba matšoao a sechaba bo fumanoe bo fapana hara mathata a kelello (mohlala, Fraley & Spieker, 2003 Fraley, RC, & Sebui, SJ (2003). Na mekhoa ea khokahano ea masea e ntse e tsoela pele kapa e aroloa ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng? Tlhahlobo ea taxometric ea boits'oaro bo makatsang. Psychology e Tsoelang pele, 39, 387-404. doi:10.1037 / 0012-1649.39.3.387[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Haslam, 2003a Haslam, N. (2003a). Mefuta ea mekhahlelo ea likhaohano tsa kelello: Bopaki ba taxometric. Koranta ea Australia le ea New Zealand ea Psychiatry, 37, 696-704. doi:10.1111 / j.1440-1614.2003.01258.x[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Haslam, 2003b; Solomone, Haaga, & Arnow, 2001 Solomone, A., Haaga, DAF, & Hona joale, BA (2001). Na ho tepella maikutlong ho fapana le matšoao a sithabetsang a bophelo? Tlhahlobo ea bothata bo tsoelang pele lipatlisisong tsa khatello ea maikutlo. Tlaleho ea lefu la methapo ea pelo le kelello, 189, 498-506. doi:10.1097 / 00005053-200108000-00002[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Thewissen, Bentall, Lecomte, van Os, & Myin-Germeys, 2008 Thewissen, V., Bentall, RP, Lecomte, T., van Os, J., & Bo-ma-germia, I. (2008). Liphapang tsa ho itšepa le paranoia maemong a bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi. Journal ea Psychology e sa tloaelehang, 117, 143-153. doi:10.1037 / 0021-843X.117.1.143[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]). Forbes, Baillie, le Schniering (2016 Forbes, MK, Baillie, AJ, & Ho ithuta, CA (2016). Na mathata a thobalano a lokela ho kenyelletsoa liponong tse ka hare? Papiso ea mefuta le boholo ba mekhahlelo. Tlaleho ea Phekolo ea thobalano le ea lenyalo, 42, 70-90. doi:10.1080 / 0092623X.2014.996928[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]) e hlahisitse sebopeho se fapaneng sa khatello ea thobalano joalo ka karolo ea bosholu ba pelo bo kopaneng, hammoho le khatello ea maikutlo le khatello ea maikutlo. U sebelisa tlhahlobo ea boemo ba morao-rao ea morao-rao le sebopeho sa sebopeho sa equation (SEM), lintlha tsa basali li fumanoe li lekana hantle le sebopeho se fapaneng ho feta sa lintlha tsa banna (Forbes et al., 2016 Forbes, MK, Baillie, AJ, & Ho ithuta, CA (2016). Na mathata a thobalano a lokela ho kenyelletsoa liponong tse ka hare? Papiso ea mefuta le boholo ba mekhahlelo. Tlaleho ea Phekolo ea thobalano le ea lenyalo, 42, 70-90. doi:10.1080 / 0092623X.2014.996928[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]). Lintlha tsa banna li lekana hantle le mofuta oa sehlopha. Tumellanong le pono e fapaneng, bakeng sa barupeluoa ba teng ba ithutileng ba ile ba hiroa ho tsoa sechabeng ka kakaretso ho batlisisa likamano lipakeng tsa ts'ebetso ea thobalano le boits'oaro bo ikemetseng le ho laoloa le mekhatlo e batlang le litakatso tse mpe le boitekanelo ba likamano tsena ke WMC. Ho ea ka tsebo ea rona, mohopolo oa mantlha mokhoeng o kopanetsoeng oa ho tsosa takatso ea thobalano-hore litlamorao tsa mekhatlo e ikemetseng le e laoloang ea ts'ebeliso ea thobalano li lekantsoe ke WMC - ha e so lekoa. Thutong ea hajoale, ea likarolo tse fapaneng, re ne re ikemiselitse ho etsa tlhahlobo ea pele ho kakaretso ea mohopolo ona oa hore ts'ebetso ea thobalano e khethoa ke litlhahlobo tse iketsang le tse laoloang tsa kutloisiso, le hore tšusumetso e lekanyelitsoeng ea mefuta ena ea tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoe ke WMC. Kaha ho na le mehato e fumanehang hajoale ea boits'oaro kalafong ea likotsi tsa thobalano e shebile haholo linthong tse nang le kelello tse fumanehang (Berner & Gunzler, 2012 Berner, M., & Gunzler, C. (2012). Ho sebetsa hantle ha likamano tsa banna le basali ba nang le mathata a thobalano - Tlhahlobo e hlophisehileng ea liteko tse laoloang tsa bongaka: Karolo ea 1-ts'ebetso ea ho kenella ha kelello le kelello bakeng sa ho se sebetse ha thobalano ho banna.. Journal ea Meriana ea Botona le Botšehali, 9, 3089-3107. doi:10.1111 / j.1743-6109.2012.02970.x[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Fruhauf, Gerger, Schmidt, Munder, & Barth, 2013 Fruhauf, S., Gerger, H., Schmidt, HM, Munder, T., & Barth, J. (2013). Ho sebetsa hantle ha likamano tsa kelello molemong oa khatello ea thobalano: Tlhahlobo e hlophisehileng le tlhahlobo ea meta. Litlaleho tsa Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 42, 915-933. doi:10.1007/s10508-012-0062-0[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Gunzler le Berner, 2012 Gunzler, C., & Berner, MM (2012). Ho sebetsa hantle ha likamano tsa kelello le banna le basali ba nang le mathata a thobalano - Tlhahlobo e hlophisehileng ea liteko tse laoloang tsa bongaka: Karolo ea 2 - Ho sebetsa hantle ha likamano tsa maikutlo le botšehali bakeng sa ho se sebetse ha thobalano ea basali.. Journal ea Meriana ea Botona le Botšehali, 9, 3108-3125. doi:10.1111 / j.1743-6109.2012.02965.x[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Ter Kuile, Ka bobeli, & van Lankveld, 2010 Ter Kuile, MM, Ka bobeli, S., & van Lankveld, J. (2010). Phekolo ea boitshwaro e sebetsang bakeng sa dysfunctions tsa thobalano ho basali. Litliliniki tsa kelello tsa Amerika Leboea, 33, 595-610. doi:10.1016 / j.psc.2010.04.010[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]), ho lekola mohopolo oa mefuta e 'meli ea ts'ebetso ea thobalano ho ka ba le litlamorao tsa bohlokoa kliniking.

Re lekile li-hypotheses tse latelang:

Method

Results

Mohlala ona o ne o entsoe ka karolo ea baetsi ba sona ba 116, bao ba 65 ho bona e neng e le basali (56%, M_dilemo = Lilemo tse 31.6; SD = 10.1), le banna ba 51 (44%, M_dilemo = Lilemo tse 37.0; SD = 12.0). Ka kakaretso, 77% ea basali ba nkang karolo le 73% ea banna ba nkang karolo ba tlalehile hore ba kamanong e ikemiselitseng. Bolelele ba likamano bo ne bo fapana haholo, ka karolelano ea lilemo tse 10.1 le tse 12 bakeng sa bankakarolo ba basali le banna ka ho latellana. Ho feta 50% ea bankakarolo ba tlalehile thuto ea koleche kapa ea univesithi. Mathata a thobalano a tlalehiloe ke 3% ea basali le 2% ea banna ba nkang karolo. Litšobotsi tsa likamano, palo ea batho ba bang, le mekhoa le liphapang tse tloaelehileng tsa mefuta-futa ea thahasello li bonts'itsoe ho Lethathamo 2.

Litlhatlhobo tsa mabapi le kamano ea Pearson li entsoe ka thoko bakeng sa karolo ea basali le basali Lethathamo 3). Ho barupeluoa ba basali ho ile ha senoloa liphapang tse tebileng lipakeng tsa maemo a batang a ho itlhahisa le ho itlaleha ha takatso ea thobalano (r =, 26, p <.05) le pherekano (r =, 35, p <.01). Mekhatlo e matla e ikemetseng e batlang thobalano e ne e tsamaellana le maemo a phahameng a ho tsosa takatso le thobalano. Mekhatlo e hlakileng ea ho rata thobalano e ne e sa amane haholo le likarolo tsa ts'ebetso ea thobalano. Ho barupeluoa ba banna likamano tse kholo li senotsoe lipakeng tsa litakatso tse ikhethileng le maemo a boithati a boithabiso (r = .33, p <.05). Ka ho khetheha, mekhatlo e matla e ratang ho kopanela liphate e ne e tsamaellana le maemo a tlase a ts'ebetso ea 'mele.

Ho barupeluoa ba basali ho ile ha senoloa lipehelo tsa bohlokoa lipakeng tsa litekanyetso tsa erotophilia le tse ipoletseng tsa takatso ea thobalano (r = .25, p <.05), tsoho ea thobalano (r = .40, p <.001), setlolo sa botšehaling (r = .32, p <.01), le mokokotlo (r = .31, p <.01). Ho barupeluoa ba banna ho ile ha fumanoa kamano e kholo pakeng tsa erotophilia le boemo ba boithati ba takatso ea thobalano (r = .30, p <.05). Erotophilia e matla e ne e tsamaellana le ts'ebetso e ntle ho likarolo tsena tsa thobalano ho basali le banna. Ho banna ba nkang karolo e phahameng ea li-erotophilia li ne li tsamaisana le ho batla thobalano e hlakilengr =, 31, p <.01). Mehato e hlakileng le e hlakileng ea ho rata thobalano le ho e batla e ne e sa tsamaellane haholo le barupeluoa ba basali.

Moderate ke WMC ea mekhatlo ea likamano tse sa hlakoheng le tse hlakileng tse amanang le thobalano e batlile e phenyekolloa ka ho etsa lihlahlobo tse peli tsa tlhahlobo ea "hierarchical multiple" linear regression anal (ka mokhoa oa ho kenya) ka takatso ea thobalano, ho tsosa takatso ea botona kapa ea botšehali, ho tlotsa ka botšehali, le li-orgasm (subscale eohle ea FSFI methati) joalo ka litekanyetso tse feto-fetohang ho karolo ea basali, le takatso ea thobalano, ts'ebetso ea erectile, le ts'ebetso ea maiketsetso (litloaelo tsohle tsa tlatsetso ea IIEF) joalo ka litekanyetso li fetoha ho barupeluoa ba banna. Boemong ba pele, ho ile ha kenyelletsoa lintlha tse batloang ke takatso ea botona le botšehali, takatso e batsi ea ho kopanela liphate le erotophilia. Karolong ea bobeli, nako ea tšebelisano ea erotophilia le WMC e ile ea kenngoa. Mohato oa boraro, ho ile ha eketsoa matšoenyeho a HADS le khatello ea maikutlo. Har'a barupeluoa ba basali, barekisi ba bane ba sa ikhethileng ha baa ka ba kenngoa tlhahlobisong. Barupeluoa ba babeli ba ne ba e-na le lipalo tse phahameng haholo ho ToH-R, e le 'ngoe e ne e na le sekhahla se tlase haholo sa ho tšoenyeha ka HADS,' me e mong o ne a e-na le sekhahla se tlase haholo sa khatello ea maikutlo ea HADS. Har'a litho tsa banna, banna ba babeli ba sa rutehang ba ile ba qheleloa ka thoko. Ka bobeli ba ne ba e-na le lintlha tse phahameng haholo ho ToH-R. Ha ho barekisi ba li-multivariate ba ileng ba fumanoa.

Ts'ebetsong ea basali, mokhoa oa ho khutlisa o sebelisang lintlha tse khahlang tsa thobalano e le mokhoa o ikhethileng oa ho batla thobalano, takatso e batsi ea thobalano le lintlha tsa erotophilia mohoanto oa bohlokoa ha o bapisoa le mohlala o lulang o le mong. R² = .23, F (3, 52) = 5.18, p = .003 (bona online Supplementary Table 1). Erotophilia (β = .456, p = .001) e kentse letsoho haholo ho mohlala. Khatong ea bobeli le ea boraro, ha ho na phapang e hlalositsoeng e eketsehileng e senotsoeng. Moetso oa khatello o sebelisang li-orgasmic function scores e le mekhahlelo e fapaneng le ho rata thobalano, ho batla thobalano ka botlalo, le lintlha tsa erotophilia joalo ka ha maemo a pele mohato oa pele a ne a le bohlokoa ha a bapisoa le mohlala o sa fetoheng, R² = .18, F (3, 52) = 3.90, p = .014. Ho batla thobalano e totobetseng (β = -313, p = .021) le erotophilia (β = .327, p = .014) tlatselitse ho boleleng esale pele. Khatong ea bobeli le ea boraro, ha ho na phapang e hlalositsoeng e eketsehileng e senotsoeng. Mefuta ea khatello ea maikutlo e nang le takatso ea thobalano le lintlha tse tlotsang ka botšehaling e le mefuta ea litekanyetso e ne e se bohlokoa.

Molemong oa motho e motšehali, mohlala oa ho sebelisa maemo a sebelisang erectile e le mokhoa o fapaneng oa ho khetholla thobalano, takatso ea botona le botšehali le lintlha tsa erotophilia mohoanto mabapi le mohato oa pele o ne o le bohlokoa ha o bapisoa le mohlala o sa feleng. R² = .20, F (3, 40) = 3.26, p = .03 (bona online Supplementary Table 2). Ho rata thobalano ka botlalo (β = .319, p = .035) le erotophilia (β = .321, p = .038) e kentse letsoho haholo ho mohlala. Mekhatlo e tlase e ikemetseng e ratang thobalano le li-erotophilia tse matla li ne li amahanngoa le maemo a phahameng a ts'ebetso ea erectile. Khatong ea bobeli le ea boraro, ha ho na phapang e hlalositsoeng e eketsehileng e senotsoeng. Moetso oa khatello o sebelisang li-orgasmic function scores e le mekhahlelo e fapaneng le ho rata thobalano, ho batla thobalano ka botlalo, le lintlha tsa erotophilia e le selelekela mohato oa pele se ne se le bohlokoa ha se bapisoa le mohlala o sa fetoheng, R² = .19, F (3, 40) = 3.17, p = .03. Ho rata thobalano ka botlalo (β = .407, p = .008) e kentse letsoho haholo ho mohlala. Hape, mekhatlo e tlaase e ratang ho kopanela liphate e ne e amana le maemo a phahameng a ts'ebetso ea li-orgasmic. Khatong ea bobeli le ea boraro ha ho khethollo e eketsehileng e hlalositsoeng e senotsoeng. Moetso oa khatello ea maikutlo le takatso ea thobalano joalo ka ha moelelo o fapaneng e ne e se oa bohlokoa.

Puisano

Thutong ena re fuputse likamano lipakeng tsa ts'ebetso ea thobalano le boiketsetso bo laoloang le ho rata likamano le litakatso tse sa ts'oaneng le ho lekanya likamano tsena ke WMC mohlaleng o sa hlabeng oa sechaba. Liphetho tsa rona li ile tsa ts'ehetsa mokhoa o kopanetsoeng oa mekhatlo ea ts'ebetso ea thobalano ka lehlakoreng le leng mme o rata le ho batla thobalano ka lehlakoreng le leng. Athe hara barupeluoa ba basali maemo a holimolimo a ts'ebetso ea thobalano (ho tsosa takatso ea botona kapa ea botšehali) a ne a amahanngoa le litloaelano tse matla tsa tšusumetso e makatsang ea takatso, takatso e totobetseng ea thobalano e ne e sa amane le karolo ea ts'ebetso ea thobalano. Ho fumana se fapaneng ka botlalo ho ile ha senoloa ho barupeluoa ba banna. Bakeng sa banna, ts'ebetso e ntlafalitsoeng ea orgasmic e ne e amahanngoa le maemo a tlase a tšusumetso e tsosang ea takatso e mpe, empa litloaelano tse senang takatso tsa thobalano ha li lumellane le karolo efe kapa efe ea ts'ebetso ea thobalano. Litlamorao tsena li fapane ka mokhoa o makatsang, leha ho le joalo, liphetho tse pheta-pheto lithutong tse fetileng tsa sehlopha sa lipatlisiso tsa basali le tsa banna ntle le boits'oaro bo botle ba bongaka le ba bongaka (van Lankveld, Bandell et al., 2018 van Lankveld, JJDM, Li-bandell, M., Bastin-Hurek, E., van Beurden, M., & Araz, S. (2018). Litloaelano tse hlakileng le tse hlakileng tsa basali ba nang le mathata a thobalano le ntle le thobalano. Litlaleho tsa Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 47, 1663-1674. doi:10.1007/s10508-018-1152-4[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; van Lankveld, Jong, et al., 2018 van Lankveld, JJDM, de Jong, PJ, Henckens, MJMJ, Len Hollander, P., van Hout, AJHC, & Vries, P. (2018). Litloaelo tse ikemetseng tsa thobalano le ho hlleha thobalano ho banna ba nang le bothata ba thobalano. Journal of Research Research, 55, 802-813. doi:10.1080/00224499.2017.1394960[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; van Lankveld et al., 2015 van Lankveld, JJDM, Odekerken, I., Kok-Verhoeven, L., van Hooren, S., Vries, P., van Hout, A., & Verboon, P. (2015). Litloaelano tse hlakileng le tse hlakileng tse susumetsang tse tsosang takatso ho banna ba sebetsang ka thobalano le ba sa sebetseng. Journal ea Meriana ea Botona le Botšehali, 12, 1791-1804. doi:10.1111 / jsm.12930[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google], sebelisa mekhoa e ts'oanang. Se fumanoeng hona joale ho barupeluoa ba basali le sona se tšoana le sa Dewitte (2015 Dewitte, M. (2015). Phapang pakeng tsa botona le botšehali ho ratoang le ho batla thobalano: Ho hlahloba karolo ea moelelo oa tšusumetso le ts'ebetso e hlakileng le e sebetsanang le ho hlaka. Litlaleho tsa Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 44, 1663-1674. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0419-7[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]), ea entseng lipatlisiso tsa sampole e nyane haholo. Thutong ea joale le Dewitte (2015 Dewitte, M. (2015). Phapang pakeng tsa botona le botšehali ho ratoang le ho batla thobalano: Ho hlahloba karolo ea moelelo oa tšusumetso le ts'ebetso e hlakileng le e sebetsanang le ho hlaka. Litlaleho tsa Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 44, 1663-1674. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0419-7[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]) Boithuto, ho batla ho tebileng ho ne ho amana le maemo a holimo a ts'ebetso ea thobalano le khafetsa ea boitšoaro ba thobalano ho barupeluoa ba basali. Leha lithuto tsena li boetse li fumane kamano ea bohlokoa lipakeng tsa ho rata ho etsa thobalano le boitšoaro ba thobalano ho batho ba nkang karolo ea banna, litataiso tsa likamano tsena li ne li le karohano. Ka Dewitte's (2015 Dewitte, M. (2015). Phapang pakeng tsa botona le botšehali ho ratoang le ho batla thobalano: Ho hlahloba karolo ea moelelo oa tšusumetso le ts'ebetso e hlakileng le e sebetsanang le ho hlaka. Litlaleho tsa Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 44, 1663-1674. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0419-7[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]) ho ithuta, kamano e pakeng tsa ho rata ho kopanela liphate ka mokhoa o hlakileng le boitšoaro bo phahameng ba thobalano e fumanoe; Thutong ea hona joale, ho ne ho e-na le kamano lipakeng tsa ho rata ho kopanela liphate ka mokhoa o hlakileng le maemo a tlase a ts'ebetso ea thobalano.

Mabapi le menahano e totobetseng ea thobalano, lintlha tsa erotophilic li ne li amahanngoa le ho sebetsa hamolemo likarolo tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebetso ea thobalano ho basali le ho banna thutong ea morao tjena: ho basali ba nang le lintlha tse ngata tsa takatso ea botona kapa botšehali, ho tsosa takatso ea botona kapa ea botšehali; le ho banna ba litekong tsa takatso ea thobalano. Litloaelano tsa basali ba maemo a holimo a erotophilia le takatso e matla ea ho ba le thobalano e matla li ne li tsamaellana le lingoliloeng le liphumano tse fetileng ho sampole e seng ea semolao (Dewitte, 2015 Dewitte, M. (2015). Phapang pakeng tsa botona le botšehali ho ratoang le ho batla thobalano: Ho hlahloba karolo ea moelelo oa tšusumetso le ts'ebetso e hlakileng le e sebetsanang le ho hlaka. Litlaleho tsa Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 44, 1663-1674. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0419-7[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]). Tlhahlobo e ntle e ikatisang le e laoloang ea litlatsetso tse seng molaong tse amanang le ts'ebetso ea thobalano. Leha ho le joalo, ba ile ba bonahala ba itlhahisa ka boikemelo ho pharalletseng ts'ebetsong ea thobalano, hobane ha ho likamano tse kholo tse boneng ho barupeluoa ba basali pakeng tsa mehato e hlakileng le e hlakileng ea ho rata ho kopanela liphate le ho batla.

Athe ha ho mokhatlo o fumanoeng lipakeng tsa litšoantšo tse susumetsang tse tsosang takatso le ts'ebetso ea thobalano ho barupeluoa ba basali thutong ea hona joale, mokhatlo o joalo o bontšitsoe thutong ea basali ba HSDD (Brauer et al., 2012 Brauer, M., van Leeuwen, M., Janssen, E., Ntlo e ncha, SK, Heiman, JR, & Lana, E. (2012). Ts'ebetso e shebileng le e ananelang ea ts'usumetso ea thobalano ho basali ba nang le takatso ea takatso ea thobalano. Litlaleho tsa Boits'oaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 41, 891-905. doi:10.1007/s10508-011-9820-7[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]). Mokhoa o sebelisitsoeng thutong ea Brauer et al. le thutong ea hajoale o ne o ts'oana haholo, leha khetho ea litšoantšo tse nyarosang e ne e koahetsoe feela. Tšusumetso e kholo ho basali ba fumanoeng ba na le HSDD e ka bonts'a kamano e matla ho sehlopha sena sa kliniki ha se bapisoa le sampole ea sechaba sa hona joale mme e lumellana le pono e hlakileng ho psychopathology ea thobalano.

Khokahano ea pelehi e nyarosang ho banna pakeng tsa ho rata thobalano e tlase le boemo bo phahameng ba ts'ebetso ea thobalano, e fumanoeng thutong ea morao-rao le lipatlisisong tse peli tsa ST-IAT tsa morao-rao lithutong tsa kliniki (van Lankveld, de Jong, et al., 2018 van Lankveld, JJDM, de Jong, PJ, Henckens, MJMJ, Len Hollander, P., van Hout, AJHC, & Vries, P. (2018). Litloaelo tse ikemetseng tsa thobalano le ho hlleha thobalano ho banna ba nang le bothata ba thobalano. Journal of Research Research, 55, 802-813. doi:10.1080/00224499.2017.1394960[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; van Lankveld et al., 2015 van Lankveld, JJDM, Odekerken, I., Kok-Verhoeven, L., van Hooren, S., Vries, P., van Hout, A., & Verboon, P. (2015). Litloaelano tse hlakileng le tse hlakileng tse susumetsang tse tsosang takatso ho banna ba sebetsang ka thobalano le ba sa sebetseng. Journal ea Meriana ea Botona le Botšehali, 12, 1791-1804. doi:10.1111 / jsm.12930[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]), e tsosa khakanyo. Tlhaloso e ka ba ea hore banna ba nang le nalane ea ho ba le thobalano e sa atleheng le e nyahamisang ha ba na balekane ba bona e le tšusumetso e ntle ea thobalano leha ba na le kananelo e matla ea menahano ea thobalano ka kakaretso. Morero o makatsang oa ST-IAT o bonts'a libapali tsa bootsoa tse sa tsejoeng. Kamano e matla, e sa thekeseleng le mofuta ona oa ts'usumetso ho banna ba nang le maemo a tlase a ts'ebetso ea thobalano e kanna ea ba mohato oa ho qetela oa ho ithuta (Georgiadis et al., 2012 Georgiadis, JR, Kringelbach, ML, & Pfaus, JG (2012). Thobalano bakeng sa monate: Khopolo ea neurobiology ea motho le liphoofolo. Tlhatlhobo ea Tlhaho, 9, 486-498. doi:10.1038 / nrurol.2012.151[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]). Boemo bo joalo ba ho qetela bo ka hlaha ka lebaka la ho pepesehela litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro pepeneneng le khokahano ea lintho tsena le meputso e fumanoang ke ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho ikhotsofatsa, ho fapana le boiphihlelo bo sa putsoeng ba thobalano le balekane ba bona. Lithutong tse 'maloa, lihokela tse joalo li fumanoe, ho kenyeletsoa le banna ba nang le takatso e tlase ea thobalano (Carvalheira, Træen, & Štulhofer, 2015 Carvalheira, A., Træen, B., & Štulhofer, A. (2015). Ho ipholla litho le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa har'a banna ba kopaneng le ba bong bo fapaneng ba nang le takatso e fokotsehileng ea thobalano: Likarolo tse ngata tsa thobalano? Tlaleho ea Phekolo ea thobalano le ea lenyalo, 41, 626-635. doi:10.1080 / 0092623x.2014.958790[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]) le ho basali le banna mohlaleng oa sechaba (Vaillancourt-Morel et al., 2017 Vaillancourt-Morel, M.P., Blais-Lecours, S., Labadie, C., Bergeron, S., Sabourin, S., & Molimo, N. (2017). Lifaele tsa ts'ebeliso ea cyberpornography le bophelo bo botle ba thobalano ho batho ba baholo. Journal ea Meriana ea Botona le Botšehali, 14, 78-85. doi:10.1016 / j.jsxm.2016.10.016[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]), leha thuto e 'ngoe har'a bahlankana ba sechaba e ile ea hloleha ho fumana sehokelo se matla (Landripet & Štulhofer, 2015 Landripet, IA, & Štulhofer, A. (2015). Na tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e amana le mathata a thobalano le ho hloka thobalano har'a banna ba batona ba bong bo fapaneng? Journal ea Meriana ea Botona le Botšehali, 12, 1136-1139. doi:10.1111 / jsm.12853[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]). Ho leka tlhaloso ena e inahaneloang, van Lankveld, de Jong, et al. (2018 van Lankveld, JJDM, de Jong, PJ, Henckens, MJMJ, Len Hollander, P., van Hout, AJHC, & Vries, P. (2018). Litloaelo tse ikemetseng tsa thobalano le ho hlleha thobalano ho banna ba nang le bothata ba thobalano. Journal of Research Research, 55, 802-813. doi:10.1080/00224499.2017.1394960[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]) e khothalelitse ho kenya linepe tse bonts'ang molekane oa motho e mong le e mong ea kenang sekolo moeeng oa ST-IAT. Ntle le moo, mekhatlo ea litšusumetso tsa thobalano le valence e ntle, joalo ka banna ba nang le maemo a tlase a ts'ebetso ea thobalano, e kanna ea emela takatso e matla ea likamano tsa thobalano joalo ka ha li bonts'itsoe litšoantšong tse litšila. Phapang lipakeng tsa takatso ena le likamano tsa bona tsa thobalano e kanna ea ba sesosa se seng sa tšusumetso ea boiphihlelo ba bona ba thobalano. Monyetla oa ho qetela ke hore banna ba nang le litloaelano tse phahameng tsa batho ba ratang thobalano le bona ba na le litumelo tse matla, tse amanang le ts'ebetso ea thobalano ("litumelo tsa mahlo") tse sebetsang e le lisosa tsa ts'oaetso bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea ho se sebetse ka thobalano (Peixoto & Nobre, 2017 Peixoto, MM, & Nobre, P. (2017). Litumelo tsa 'Macho' li lekanya kamano pakeng tsa likarolo tse mpe tsa thobalano le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea schemas maemong a thobalano, ho banna ba ratanang le ba bong bo fapaneng.. Journal ea Meriana ea Botona le Botšehali, 14, 518-525. doi:10.1016 / j.jsxm.2017.02.002[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]). Ho etsa tlhahlobo ea maikutlo hore litloaelano tse matla tsa thobalano tse matla li hlalosoa ke litumelo tse matla tsa maikutlo li tiisa ho kenyelletsoa ha litumelo tsa thobalano lithutong tsa kamoso.

Ho fapana le se fumanoeng se hanyetsana ho banna mabapi le kamano pakeng tsa ho rata likamano tsa botona le botšehali le ts'ebetso ea thobalano, khokahano e hlokomelehang ea banna pakeng tsa lintlha tse phahameng tsa erotophilia le lintlha tse phahameng tsa takatso ea thobalano e hlakile. Leha lintlha tse phahameng tsa erotophilia li ne li amahanngoa le takatso e phahameng ea botona le botšehali ho barupeluoa ba batona, ho pheta-pheta, ho batla thobalano ka botlalo ho ne ho sa bonts'e kamano le ts'ebetso ea thobalano ho banna.

Litlhahlobo tse ngata tsa ho lekola ha li na ho netefatsa litlamorao tsa phapang ea WMC le matšoao a ho tšoenyeha le khatello ea maikutlo ho likamano pakeng tsa mehato e hlakileng le e hlakileng le ts'ebetso ea thobalano. Kahoo, seo re se fumaneng ha se hlakise taba ea maikutlo a rona a hlalosoang ke melao-motheo ea tšebetso ea likamano tse fapaneng tsa banna le basali. Matšoenyeho le matšoao a khatello ea maikutlo ha a ka a eketsa boprofeteng ba karolo efe kapa efe ea ts'ebetso ea thobalano, mohlomong ka lebaka la maemo a tlase a matšoao, a kopantsoeng le maemo a lekaneng a ts'ebetso ea thobalano mohlaleng oa thuto.

Litlhaloso tse 'maloa tse hlakileng tsa ho se fumane phello ea WMC li ka fetisoa pele. Taba ea pele ke hore phello e joalo ea WMC ha e sa sebetsa. Boithuto bo bong ba pejana, leha ho le joalo, bo fana ka matšoao a hore ho sebetsa, mohlomong le lintlha tse ling tsa ts'ebetso ea botsamaisi, li kentse letsoho ts'ebetsong ea thobalano, haholo-holo takatso ea thobalano ho bahlankana (Amezcua-Gutierrez et al., 2017 Amezcua-Gutierrez, C., Ruiz-Diaz, M., Hernandez-Gonzalez M., Guevara, MA, Agmo, A., & Sanz-Martin, A. (2017). Kameho ea ho tsosa takatso ea thobalano nakong ea ho kopanngoa ha cortical nakong ea ts'ebetso ea mosebetsi oa Tower of Hanoi ho bahlankana. Journal of Research Research, 54, 398-408. doi:10.1080/00224499.2015.1130211[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Ruiz-Diaz, Hernandez-Gonzalez, Guevara, Amezcua, le Agmo, 2012 Ruiz-Diaz, M., Hernandez-Gonzalez M., Guevara, MA, Amezcua, C., & Agmo, A. (2012). Pele ho kopano ea EEG nakong ea tšebetso ea Tower of Hanoi le WCST: Phello ea maikutlo a susumetsang a pono. Journal ea Meriana ea Botona le Botšehali, 9, 2631-2640. doi:10.1111 / j.1743-6109.2012.02782.x[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]). Tlhaloso e 'ngoe ea boiteko ke hore tekanyetso ea WMC e patiloe ke mathata a lisebelisoa. Le ha ToH-R e ne e sebelisetsoa ho supa likarolo tsa mohopolo oa ho sebetsa (Goel & Grafman, 1995 Goel, V., & Grafman, J. (1995). Na li-lobes tse ka pele li kenelletse mesebetsing ea "ho rala"? Re fetolela lintlha tse tsoang Toreng ea Hanoi. Neuropsychologia, 33, 623-642. doi:10.1016/0028-3932(95)90866-P[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Khauta-Rakic, 1987 Khauta-Rakic, PS (1987). Nts'etsopele ea cortical circry le tšebetso ea kelello. Ntlafatso ea Bana, 58, 601-622. doi:10.2307/1130201[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]; Zook et al., 2004 Atometsa, NA, Davalos, DB, DeLosh, EL, & Davis, HP (2004). Ho hopola, ts'ebetso, le bohlale ba ts'ebetso joalo ka baetapele ba ts'ebetso ho mesebetsi ea Tower of Hanoi le London. Bokooa le Temoho, 56, 286-292. doi:10.1016 / j.bandc.2004.07.003[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]), sebopeho sa visuospatial ho eona se ka busa (Handley et al., 2002 Handley, SJ, Kapon, A., Kopanya, C., & Harper, C. (2002). Mabaka a maemo le tora ea Hanoi: Karolo ea memori e sebetsang ea sebaka. Koranta ea Borithane ea Psychology, 93, 501-518. doi:10.1348/000712602761381376[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]) le ho e etsa hore e se tšoanelehe ho emela likarolo tsa puo / lipuo tse sebelisoang molemong oa ho etsa mosebetsi o itseng. Lisebelisoa tse ling, ho kenyelletsoa tlhahlobo ea nako ea mantsoe le ea dijithale, e ka ba tse loketseng haholoanyane ho fumana karolo e nepahetseng ea mohopolo oa ho sebetsa. Tlhaloso ea ho qetela e ka ba ea hore boholo ba litlamorao tsa WMC e fokolang mohlaleng o senang palo o nyane haholo ho feta kamoo ho neng ho lebelletsoe, ho hlahisang matla a sa lekanang a palo ea sampole e nyane, e bileng e nyane haholo hobane barupeluoa ba bangata ba ile ba kopana le mathata a tekheniki le ba ne ba sa khone ho etsa ToH-R. Karolo e ngoe e kholo ea bankakarolo e ile ea hloleha ho atleha ho feta liteko tse tharo tse sa atlehang hobane ba emisitse ho nka karolo ha bona pele ho teko. Patlisiso ea nako e tlang e reretsoe ho leka litlhaloso tsena tse inahaneloang.

Boholo ba karolo ea basali mohlaleng oa rona bo ne bo le tlase haholo, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore maemo a tlase a ts'ebetso ea thobalano (Ter Kuile et al., 2006 Ter Kuile, MM, Brauer, M., & Lana, E. (2006). Lenaneo la tšebetso ea thobalano ea Basali (FSFI) le Kharebe ea Basali ba Khahlano le Thobalano ea Basali (FSDS): Thepa ea Psychometric ka har'a sechaba sa maDutch.. Tlaleho ea Phekolo ea thobalano le ea lenyalo, 32, 289-304. doi:10.1080/00926230600666261[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]), hape ba ka baka lipelaelo mabapi le hore na ba hlile ba emetse palo ea batho bao e seng balateli. Leha ho le joalo, lipalo tsa basali ba babeli ba neng ba araba ba neng ba itlaleha hore ba na le mathata a thobalano e ne e le lipakeng tsa maemo a holimo a palo ea FSFI. Liphumano tse ts'oanang tsa lintlha tse tlase tsa FSFI li ile tsa tlalehoa hape ho sampole ea kakaretso ea maDutch (Lammerink et al., 2017 Lammerrink, EAG, de Bock, GH, Pascal, A., van Beek, AP, van den Bergh, ACM, Sattler, MGA, & Masoabi, MJE (2017). Tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea thobalano ea basali ho baahi bohle ba maDutch. Journal ea Meriana ea Botona le Botšehali, 14, 937-949. doi:10.1016 / j.jsxm.2017.04.676[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®] , [Setsebi sa Google]).

Qetellong, re fumane bopaki mohlaleng ona oa sechaba sa hore likarolo tse 'maloa tsa ts'ebetso ea thobalano li amahanngoa le litloaelo tse fosahetseng tsa takatso e tsosang takatso le takatso le takatso, ntle le likarolo tse hlakileng tsa tlhaiso ea thobalano. Seo re se fumaneng se pheta lipatlisiso lipatlisisong tse fetileng. Ha rea ​​ka ra fumana bopaki ba ho lekana ha mekhatlo ena ke WMC, joalo ka ha ho khothalelitsoe ke mohlala oa bobeli ba thobalano.