Aviv Weinstein, Ph.D. le Michel Lejoyeux, Ph.D.,
Koranta ea Amerika ea Ts'ebeliso e Mpe ea Lithethefatsi le Joala, Qhobosheaneng Inthaneteng: 1-7, 2010
Lintlha tse tsoang thutong e felletseng
SELELEKELA
Tlhaloso ea Bothata
Tšebeliso e mpe ea marang-rang, kapa bokhoba ba eona, e tšoauoa ka ho nahana lintho tse sa laoleheng kapa tse sa laoloang hantle, litakatso kapa boits'oaro malebana le ts'ebeliso ea inthanete e lebisang ho senyeha kapa khatello. Boemo bona bo hohetse tlhokomelo e ntseng e eketseha mecheng ea litaba e tsebahalang le har'a bafuputsi, 'me tlhokomelo ena e bapisitse kholo ea ts'ebeliso ea likhomphutha le phihlello ea inthanete (1). Ka tloaelo, ho bonahala ho na le bonyane lintlha tse tharo tse tlase: papali e ngata, lithahasello tsa thobalano (cybersex) le melaetsa ea e-mail / melaetsa ka selefouno.
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Bakoetlisi ba ka sebelisa marang-rang nako e telele, ba ikarola ho mefuta e meng ea marang-rang, 'me ba tsepamisitse maikutlo ho Internet ho fapana le liketsahalong tse pharaletseng tsa bophelo.
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Ha ho hlake hore na tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa inthanete hangata e emela pontšo ea bofokoli bo itseng, kapa kannete ke mokhatlo o hlasetseng mafu. Ponahalo khafetsa ea bokhoba ba marang-rang maemong a maemo a mangata a comorbid e hlahisa lipotso tse thata tsa ho etsa lintho ka mokhoa o hlakileng. Ho phehisanoe khang (5) hore, ho ipapisitse le lintlha tse fokolang tse fumanehang mabapi le nete, kholo ea maemo, botsitso ba nakoana, le karabelo kalafong, ho bonahala pele ho nako ho nka ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea inthanete e le setheo sa lefu la discrete. Leha ho le joalo, lipatlisiso tse ntseng li hola li bontša hore batho ba bang ba nang le temallo ea inthanete ba kotsing e kholo mme ba lokeloa ke tlhokomelo le kalafo ea litsebi. Lithuto tse laoloang ka hloko li hlokahala ho rarolla liqabang. Tlhahlobo ena e fuputse lipapatso tse phatlalalitsoeng lipakeng tsa 2000 le 2009 ho Medline le PubMed, sebelisa lentsoe la bohlokoa "ho lemalla Internet" holim'a lihlooho tsa tlhahlobo ea mafu, phenomenology, lefu la mafu le kalafo.
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DIAGNOSIS LE PUSELETSO
Tlhahlobo ea bokhoba ba marang-rang (ho itšetleha ka eona) e ntse e le thata. Ha e hlahe tsamaisong efe kapa efe ea semolao ea tlhahlobo ea mafu, ho kenyelletsa le DSM-IV, 'me ha ho na mekhoa e amohelehang ea tlhahlobo ea mafu.Ho fanoe ka likarolo tse 'nè e le tsa bohlokoa ho tlhahlobo ea mafu (6): 1) ts'ebeliso e feteletseng ea inthanete, hangata e amanang le ho lahleheloa ke maikutlo a nako kapa ho se tsotelle ho hoqaloa ha mantlha, 2), ho kenyelletsa maikutlo a bohale, tsitsipano, le / kapa khatello ea maikutlo ha k'homphieutha e sa khonehe, 3) mamello, ho kenyelletsa tlhoko ea lisebelisoa tse ntle tsa k'homphieutha, software e eketsehileng, kapa lihora tse eketsehileng tsa ts'ebeliso, le 4) litlamorao tse kenyelletsang, ho kenyelletsa ho ngangisana, ho bua leshano, ho se sebetse hantle sekolong kapa ho etsa mosebetsi oa matsoho, ho itšehla thajana le ho tepella..
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Hajoale ha ho na lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo ea ho lemalla inthanete tse bonts'ang ho ts'epahala le ho nepahala ho potoloha le linaha. Tlhahlobo ea morao-rao ea lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa tlhahlobo ea mafu e fumane hore lithuto tse fetileng li sebelisitse litekanyetso tse sa lumellaneng ho hlalosa bokhoba ba marang-rang, li sebelisitse mekhoa ea ho hira e ka bakang mehlala e mebe ea sampling, le ho hlahloba tlhaiso-leseling ka ho sebelisa mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea tlhaiso-leseling ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa tekanyo ea mokhatlo ho feta likamano tsa causal har'a li-variables (7). Kahoo, tšoaetso Lintlha tse mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang a ts'ebeliso ea methapo ea kutlo li lekantsoe ke mathata a mekhoa mabapi le tlhahlobo ea lefutso le boteng ba lisebelisoa tsa bongaka. Sena se etsa hore ho be thata ho bapisa litekanyetso tsa ho ata ha linaha linaheng tsohle.
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Ho boetse ho na le matšoenyeho a akaretsang a amanang le ho iketsetsa litlaleho, ho ba le likarabo tse sa tšepahaleng, barupeluoa ba kanna ba se utloisise lipotso tse fapaneng kapa ho fetolela lintho tse fapaneng tsa tlhahlobo. Ntle le moo, ho boetse ho na le bothata ba khethollo ea morusu ka phumulo e nkang karolo e fumanoeng liwebosaeteng tsa marang-rang kapa lithutong tsa pele tsa lithuto mme ha ho sehlopha se lekaneng. Ts'ebeliso ea leqephe la Webo e ka ama tsela eo batho ba arabileng ka eona le palo ea likarabo tse nepahetseng tse fumanoeng. Qetellong, motho a ka bonts'a boits'oaro bo bobe ho ts'ebeliso e le 'ngoe, empa eseng e meng.
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Bothata bo boholo lithutong tsena ke hore ba sebelisa mantsoe a sa hlakang ho hlalosa maemo a tšebeliso ea inthanete, joalo ka "moeli," "ho feteletseng," "kotsing," le "lemallo," e sa hlalosoang ka ts'ebetso kapa tumellano ea bongaka. Sekhahla sa ts'oaetso ea bokhoba ba marang-rang se hlahlobiloe libakeng tse ling (12, 36).
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TIISETSO TS'OLO
Boithuto bo mabapi le likarolo tsa bakuli ba tlaleha ho hlonama ho hoholo ha marang-rang ka mathata a kelello, a joalo ka mathata a amanang le mathata, ho tšoenyeha (ho kenyeletsa ho tšoenyeha ka ho se tšoenyehe, khatello ea maikutlo a sechaba), le tlhokomeliso ea bofokoli ba kelello (ADHD). Ho khothalelitsoe (37) hore kamano e teng lipakeng tsa ho jeoa ke bolutu le ho ratoa ha marang-rang a marang-rang ke ntho e qalang le hore matšoenyeho a sechaba ke phapang e nyarosang.
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NEUROBIOLOGY LE HO ITHUTA HO FIHLELA
Hona joale, ho bile le lithuto tse fokolang haholo mabapi le neurobiology ea bokhoba ba marang-rang. Ho bile le lithuto tse tlalehiloeng ka ho lemalla lithethefatsi ka har'a komporo ea k'homphieutha le videogame (sheba Weinstein, kae kapa kae makasineng ena). Har'a lithuto tsa pele tsa ho nahana ka bokong (13) e tlalehile barupeluoa ba 10 ba lemaletseng papali ea inthanete ba hlahisitsoeng ka litšoantšo tsa papali ea litšoantšo le litšoantšo tsa mosaic ha ba ntse ba hlahlobeloa ke ts'ebetso ea matla a matla a matla a kelello (fMRI). Sehlopheng se lemalloang, "orbito-frontal cortex" e nepahetseng, li-nucleus tse bokellaneng, "cortex" ea pele le "cortex" ea methapo ea methapo, le li-nucleus tse ka pele tsa caudate li ile tsa kenngoa ho fapana le sehlopha sa taolo. Ts'ebetso ea libaka-ea-lithahasello (ROI) e ne e tsamaisana hantle le takatso ea boithati ea boits'oaro le ho hopola boiphihlelo ba lipapali tse tsosang maikutlo ke litšoantšo. Liphetho li bonts'itse hore lits'oants'o tsa boithabiso tsa papali ea cue-e kentsoeng ka takatso ea papali ea papali ea chelete ea inthanete li ne li ts'oana le takatso e matla ea takatso ea ho tseba litheko. Kahoo, Liphetho li khothalelitse hore tlhaselo ea papali ea papali ea papali ea papali ea chelete le ho lakatsa ho lemalla papali ea inthanete le ho lakatsa ho itšetleha ka thepa ho ka arolelana mochine o tšoanang oa neurobiological.
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KE HOBANE'NG HA BATHO BA LOKELISOA HO BA
INTERNET?
Ba itšetlehileng ka marang-rang ba fumane lintlha tse tlase tse bonts'itseng tharollo e atlehileng ea mathata ana, mme ba hloa holimo ka mehato e bonts'itseng qeto e sa atlehang ea likoluoa tsena (48).
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Cybersex e qobelloang e fetohile karolo ea bohlokoa ea bokhoba ba marang-rang bakeng sa banna le basali ba bangata ba tsietsing ea ho fumaneha, ho ba bonolo, le ho se tsejoe ka boits'oaro ba boitšoaro bo bobe ba inthaneteng (49). Bakuli ba bang ba ba le mathata ka cybersex e qobelloang ka lebaka la ho rera lintho esale pele kapa maemo a kotsi, athe basebelisi ba bang ba qobelloang ba na le khatello ea maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo kapa bokhoba. Ka bobeli banna le basali ba nang le mathata a cybersex ba bonts'a ho sebetsana le maemo a fosahetseng, boits'oaro bo maemong a holimo, ho ikhetholla ho sithabetsang ha bophelo, ho hloka botsitso, ho hloka kamano e haufi, le boits'oaro bo lemallang (49). Sehlopha se nang le bothata sa ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang se bontšitse lintlha tse ngata liphatlalatsong tsa boikhathollo le boits'oaro ba boiketlo le lipalo tse tlase ho profesheneng ea Novelty Searching le Boitlhopho, ha li bapisoa le sehlopha sa ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang se sa sebetseng, kamora ho laola matšoao a ADHD.
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Lits'ebetso tsena tsa ho sebetsana ka tsela e fosahetseng li bonahala li tlatsana le ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate (sheba Thibaut kae kapa kae makasineng ona), empa li sebelisa mecha ea phatlalatso ea inthanete. Tabeng ea cybersex e qobelloang, litaba tsa ponaletso, haholo litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, ke mokhoa o ikhethileng oa ho lemalla boitšoaro bo bobe ba k'homphieutha. Lingaka li tlaleha palo e ntseng e eketseha ea bakuli ba lemaletseng ketso ena, e le mofuta oa bokhoba ba marang-rang le lithethefatsi tsa thobalano, ka mathata a tloaelehileng a amanang le boitšoaro bo bobe..
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TŠOHLOA
Bokhoba ba marang-rang, ke hore, tšebeliso e fetelletseng ea marang-rang e nang le litlamorao tse mpe, ha e hlahe tsamaisong efe kapa efe ea semolao ea tlhahlobo, ho kenyeletsa DSM-IV. Block o tsekisitse hore ho lemalla marang-rang ke bothata bo tloaelehileng bo lokelang ho kenyelletsoa ho DSM-V (5). Ka mokhoa o makatsang, ts'oaetso eo ke bokuli bo qobelloang bo qobelloang bo amang marang-rang le / kapa tšebeliso ea kantle ho khomphutha. Bonyane ho fumanoe li-subtypes tse tharo: lipapali tse feteletseng, litakatso tsa thobalano le melaetsa ea e-mail / melaetsa ka selefouno. Tsohle tse fapaneng li arolelana likarolo tse latelang tse 'ne: 1) ts'ebeliso e feteletseng, hangata e amanang le ho lahleheloa ke maikutlo a nako kapa ho se tsotelle ho khanna hoa mantlha, 2) ho kenyelletsa, ho kenyelletsa maikutlo a khalefo, tsitsipano le / kapa khatello ea maikutlo ha khomphutha e le mamello e sa sebetseng, 3), ho kenyelletsa tlhoko ea lisebelisoa tse ntle tsa khomphutha, software e eketsehileng, kapa tšebeliso ea lihora tse ngata, le 4) litlamorao tse kenyelletsang, ho kenyelletsa ho ngangisana, ho bua leshano, ho se fihle hantle, ho itšehla thajana le ho tepella. Ba bang ba pheha khang ea hore ho lemalla Inthanete ha se lekhoba la 'nete ebile e ka ba sesupo sa matšoao a mang, mathata a teng a joalo ka khatello ea maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo, ADHD kapa mathata a taolo ea ts'usumetso (70). Ha ho na lintlha tse ngata tse fumanehang ho rarolla bothata bona, le hore na ke eng e etsang hore batho ba lemale ka ho feteletseng Inthaneteng. Tsebo ena e amanang le eona e fetela ho kalafo. Lithuto tse 'maloa tse hatisitsoeng tsa kalafo ea ho lemalla joala marang-rang li ipapisitse le ts'ebetso le maano a sebelisitsoeng kalafo ea mathata a tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi. Kahoo, ho ke ke ha khoneha ho khothaletsa kalafo efe kapa efe e thehiloeng bophatlalatsi mabapi le bokhoba ba marang-rang.
inahaneloang
Background: Bothata ba ts'ebeliso e mpe ea marang-rang kapa tšebeliso e feteletseng ea inthanete bo khetholloa ka ho itšupa kapa ho se laolehe hantle ha ho laoloe kapa tšebeliso e mpe mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea komporo le phihlello ea inthanete e lebisang ho senyeha kapa khatello. Hajoale, ha ho na tlhokomeliso ea bokhoba ba marang-rang ka har'a bongata ba likhathatso tse lemalloang, ka hona, ha ho na tlhahlobo e lumellanang. Leha ho le joalo, e reriloe hore e kenyeletsoe phetolelong e latelang ea Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM).
Morero: Ho lekola lingoliloeng tse lemalloang marang-rang mabapi le lihlooho tsa tlhahlobo ea mafu, phenomenology, lefu la mafu le kalafo.
Mekhoa: Tlhahlobo ea lingoliloeng tse phatlalalitsoeng lipakeng tsa 2000-2009 ho Medline le PubMed u sebelisa poleloana e reng “temallo ea inthanete.
Results: Lipatlisiso United States le Europe li bonts'itse sekhahla sa tšoaetso lipakeng tsa 1.5% le 8.2%, leha mekhoa ea tlhahlobo le lipotso tsa tlhahlobo tse sebelisetsoang ho hlahloba li fapana lipakeng tsa linaha. Boithuto bo mabapi le likarolo tsa bakuli ba tlaleha ho hlonama ho hoholo hoa ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang ka mathata a kelello, haholo mathata a amanang le mathata (ho kenyelletsa khatello ea maikutlo), mathata a ho tšoenyeha (ho tšoenyeha ka kakaretso ho hloka taolo, khatello ea maikutlo a sechaba), le tlhokomeliso ea bofokoli ba kelello (ADHD). Ho na le mabaka a mangata a bonts'ang tšebeliso e mpe ea tšebeliso ea inthanete, ho kenyelletsa litšobotsi tsa botho, ho ba motsoali le litho tsa lelapa, tšebeliso ea joala le matšoenyeho a sechaba.
Sephetho le Bohlokoa ba Saense: Leha batho ba lemaletseng marang-rang ba thatafalloa ke ho hatella boits'oaro ba bona bo fetelletseng ba bophelo ba 'nete, ha ho tsejoe ka mekhoa e amanang le bophelo le ho tseba lintho tse ikarabellang bakeng sa tahi ea inthanete. Ka lebaka la khaello ea lipatlisiso tse lekaneng tsa theknoloji, hajoale ha ho khonehe ho khothaletsa kalafo efe kapa efe e thehiloeng bophatlalatsi ea ho lemalla joala ka inthanete.
Bokhoba ba Inthanete kapa Ts'ebeliso e Feteletseng ea Marang-rang - Abstract on line
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