LITABA: Ha e ntse e le pono e hlakileng, e tlohetse lithuto tse ngata tse bokelitsoeng leqepheng lena: Lithuto tsa Bokooa ho Basebelisi ba Litšoantšo. Mohlomong pampiri e ile ea romelloa pele ho phatlalatso ea lithuto. Ntle le moo, tlhahlobo ha e arohane le "bosodoma" ho tsoa bokhobeng ba inthanete. Seo se boletse, sephetho se hlakile hantle:
“Ha li kopantsoe hammoho, bopaki bo bonahala bo fana ka maikutlo a hore liphetoho libakeng tse ka pele tsa lobe, amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, septum le boko tse sebetsanang le moputso li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho hlaheng ha bosodoma. Lithuto tsa lefutso le kalafo ea methapo ea pelo li supa ho ameha ha sistimi ea dopaminergic. ”
Kopana le thuto e feletseng (lefa)
Tlhahlobo ea Machaba ea Neurobiology
S. Kühn*, †, , , J. Gallinat*
- * Clinic Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Clinic le Polyclinic bakeng sa Psychiatry le Psychotherapy, Hamburg, Jeremane
- † Setsi sa Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Jeremane
E fumaneha Inthaneteng 31 ka May 2016
inahaneloang
Ho fihlela hona joale, bosodoma ha e e-s'o fumane mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho hlahloba likarabo. Leha ho le joalo ke ketsahalo e buuoang ka makhetlo a mangata e nang le takatso e feteletseng ea ho kopanela liphate e bolelang hore motho o na le bothata ba ho kopanela liphate. Lipatlisiso tsa pele li ile tsa etsa lipatlisiso mabapi le litsebo tsa ho kopanela liphate tsa bosodoma, empa lingoliloeng tsa morao-rao ha li sa lekana ho etsa liqeto tse sa nepahaleng. Tlhahlobisong ea joale, re akaretsa le ho buisana ka lipatlisiso tse fapaneng: lipatlisiso tsa lisele le lisele, liphuputso tsa mathata a mang a kelello ao ka nako e 'ngoe a tsamaisanang le bosodoma, bopaki ba neuropharmacological, liphatsa tsa lefutso hammoho le lithuto tsa liphoofolo. Ho kopanngoa, bopaki bo bonahala bo bolela hore liphetoho li-lobe, amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, septum, le boko libakeng tse etsang hore moputso o phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho ts'ebetsong ea bosodoma. Liphuputso tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso le mekhoa e meng ea phekolo ea neuropharmacological e bontšang hore karolo ea dopaminergic e sebelisoa.
Keywords: Ho lemalla thobalano; Boits'oaro ba ho kopanela liphate; Boikutlo ba ho kopanela liphate; Tsela e feteletseng ea ho kopanela liphate e sa phekoleheng
EXCERPTS HANGATA
4. NEUROIMAGING CORRELATES OF HYPERSEXUALITY
Liphuputso tse ngata li batlisitse li-neural correlates tsa ho tsosa takatso ea thobalano ho arabela lits'oants'o tse bonts'ang takatso ha li bapisoa le tšusumetso e sa nke lehlakore e sebelisang imaging ea magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Phuputsong ea meta lipatlisisong tse ngata tsa neuroimaging tse fuputsang likarabo tsa boko liponong tse tsosang takatso tse etsoang ho banna ba bong bo fapaneng, re fumane tumellano lipatlisisong tsa BOLD ts'ebetsong libakeng tse 'maloa ho kenyelletsa hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala, anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC), insula, fusiform gyrus , precentral gyrus, parietal cortex, le occipital cortex (Kuhn & Gallinat, 2011a) (Setšoantšo sa 1). Liphuputsong tse tlalehileng likarabo tsa boko tse amanang le tšoaetso ea mmele ea ho tsosa takatso ea thobalano (mohlala, penile tumescence), re fumane ts'ebetso e ts'oanang lipatlisisong tsa hypothalamus, thalamus, insula ea linaha tse peli, ACC, gyrus ea postcentral le gyrus ea occipital. K'homphieutha e ka pele e ka pele K'honthinente ea ka pele K'homphieutha e ka hare e ka hare ho cortex e ka hare Cuadate Thalamus Amygdala Hippocampus Insula Nucleus accumbens Hypothalamus. Setšoantšo sa 1 Libaka tse ka bang karolo ea boits'oaro ba hypersexual (septum ha e bontšoe).
Liphuputsong tseo ho tsona tšebetso ea boko e neng e beiloe leihlo nakong ea likhaohano tsa banna le basali, ts'ebetso e tlalehiloe litseleng tsa dopaminergic tse tsoang ho ventral tegmentum (VTA) (Holstege et al., 2003) ho ea ho li-nucleus accumbens (Komisaruk et al., 2004; Komisaruk , Bohlale, Frangos, Birbano, & Allen, 2011). Ketsahalo e boetse ea bonoa ho cerebellum le ACC (Holstege et al., 2003; Komisaruk et al., 2004, 2011). Ho basali feela, ts'ebetso ea bokong ea bokong e ka pele e ile ea bonoa nakong ea likhaohano (Komisaruk & Whipple, 2005). Thutong ea boitlhahlobo ba bakuli ba lemaletseng koae, batho ka bomong ba ile ba hlahisoa ka lintlha tse bonoang tse amanang le cocaine kapa thobalano (Childress et al., 2008). Ho khahlisang ke hore liphetho li senotse libaka tse tšoanang tsa boko tse lokelang ho ts'oaroa nakong ea likamano tse amanang le lithethefatsi le tsa thobalano tse fumanehang marang-rang a meputso le sistimi ea limbic, e leng ho VTA, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, orbitofrontal, le insular cortex. Ba bang ba boletse ho ts'oana ha profil ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetsong ka lebaka la litakatso tsa thobalano le lerato le khokahano (Frascella, Potenza, Brown, & Childress, 2010).
Ke thuto e le 'ngoe feela ho fihlela joale eo tsebo ea rona e fupulileng phapang pakeng tsa ho kenya letsoho pakeng tsa barupeluoa ba nang le bosodoma le ba se nang thobalano nakong ea ts'ebetso ea fMRI task (Voon et al., 2014). Bangoli ba tlaleha ts'ebetso e phahameng ea ACC, ventral striatal le amygdala ho batho ba nang le bosodoma ha ba bapisoa le ba se nang. Libaka tse sebelisitsoeng li kopana le libaka tsa boko tseo re li khethileng tlhahlobisong ea litlhahlobo hore li ts'oaroe ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le litabatabelo tsa takatso ea lithethefatsi mefuteng e fapaneng ea lithethefatsi (K € uhn & Gallinat, 2011b). Ho tšoana hona ha tikoloho ho fana ka ts'ehetso e ts'ehetsang khopolo ea hore bosodoma e kanna ea tšoana haholo le mathata a bokhoba ba tahi. Phuputso e entsoeng ke Voon le basebetsi-'moho le eona e boetse e senotse hore khokahano e phahameng ea ts'ebetso ea marang-rang a ACC-striatal-amygdala e ne e amahanngoa le litakatso tsa botona le botšehali tse tlalehiloeng ("ho batla" ho araba potso "Sena se ekelitse takatso ea hau ea thobalano hakae?" Eseng "ho rata" ”E hlahlojoang ke potso e reng" U ratile video ee hakae? ") Ho isa tekanyong e phahameng ho bakuli ba nang le bosodoma. Ho feta moo, bakuli ba nang le bosodoma ba tlalehile maemo a holimo a "ho batla" empa eseng a "ratang". Ho ikarola hona lipakeng tsa "ho batla" le "ho rata" ho nahanoa hore ho tla etsahala hang ha boitsoaro bo itseng bo fetoha bokhoba ka hara moralo
ea seo ho thoeng ke khothatso-salience khopolo ea bokhoba (Robinson & Berridge, 2008).
Phuputsong ea electroencephalography ho barupeluoa ba tletleba ka mathata a ho laola tšebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng, menyetla e amanang le liketsahalo (ERPs), e leng P300 amplitudes ho arabela maikutlo a maikutlo le a thobalano, ba ile ba lekoa bakeng sa mokhatlo o nang le lintlha tsa lipotso tse hlahlobang bosodoma le takatso ea thobalano (ho batla (Steele, Staley, Fong, & Prause, 2013). P300 e amana le lits'ebetso tsa tlhokomelo mme karolo e 'ngoe e entsoe ho ACC. Bangoli ba hlalosa ho ba sieo ha kamano lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa lipotso le li-amplitudes tsa ERP e le ho hloleha ho ts'ehetsa mefuta e fetileng ea bosodoma. Qeto ena e nyatsitsoe joalo ka ha e sa lokafatsoa ke ba bang (Lerato, Laier, Brand, Hatch, & Hajela, 2015; Watts & Hilton, 2011).
Phuputsong ea haufinyane ke sehlopha sa rona, re ile ra ngolisa barupeluoa ba phetseng hantle 'me ra kopanya lihora tsa bona tseo ba li tlalehileng tseo ba li qetileng ba shebile litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le karabelo ea bona ea FMRI litšoantšong tsa thobalano le ka morphology ea bona ea kelello (Kuhn & Gallinat, 2014). Lihora tse ngata barupeluoa ba tlalehile ho ja litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, tse nyane karabelo ea BOLD ho li-putamen tse letšehali ho arabela litšoantšo tsa thobalano. Ho feta moo, re fumane hore lihora tse ngata tseo re li qetileng re shebelletse litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li ne li amahanngoa le bophahamo bo bonyenyane ba taba e bohlooho ho striatum, haholo-holo ka lehlakoreng le letona le fihlang ho ventral putamen. Re nahana hore khaello ea molumo oa boko e ka bonts'a litholoana tsa mamello kamora ho hlaseloa ke ts'oaetso ea thobalano. Phapang lipakeng tsa liphetho tse tlalehiloeng ke Voon le basebetsi-'moho e ka ba ka lebaka la hore barupeluoa ba rona ba ile ba hiroa ho tsoa sechabeng ka kakaretso mme ba se ke ba fumanoa ba tšoeroe ke bosodoma. Leha ho le joalo, ho kanna ha etsahala hore ebe litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (ho fapana le livideo tse sebelisitsoeng thutong ea Voon) li kanna tsa se khotsofatse bashebelli ba kajeno ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, joalo ka ha ho khothalelitsoe ke Lerato le basebetsi mmoho (2015). Mabapi le khokahano e sebetsang, re fumane hore bankakarolo ba jang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba bonts'a khokahano e nyane lipakeng tsa caudate e nepahetseng (moo molumo o fumanoeng o le monyane) mme o tlohetse dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). DLPFC ha e tsejoe feela hore e kentse letsoho mesebetsing ea taolo ea bolaoli empa hape e tsejoa e le karolo ea ho sebelisa lithethefatsi hape. Tšitiso e ikhethileng ea khokahano e sebetsang lipakeng tsa DLPFC le caudate le eona e tlalehiloe ho barupeluoa ba lemaletseng heroine (Wang et al., 2013) e etsang hore li-neural correlates tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li tšoane le tse lemaletseng lithethefatsi.
Phuputso e 'ngoe e entseng lipatlisiso tsa li-neural correlates tse amanang le ts'oaetso ea botona le botšehali e sebelisitseng litšoantšo tse nyarosang le ho tlaleha phapang e phahameng ea pampiri ea litaba tse tšoeu sebakeng se ka pele se phahameng (Miner, Raymond, Mueller, Lloyd, & Lim, 2009) le kamano e mpe lipakeng tsa ho fapana ho hoholo pampitšaneng ena le lintlha tse ngata lethathamong le qobellang la boits'oaro ba thobalano. Bangoli bana le bona ba tlaleha boits'oaro bo sa tsitsang mosebetsing oa Go-NoGo ho hypersexual ha bo bapisoa le bankakarolo ba taolo.
Likhaello tse ka bapisoang le thibelo li bontšitsoe ho cocaine-, MDMA-, methamphetamine-, koae- le batho ba itšetlehileng ka joala (Smith, Mattick, Jamadar, & Iredale, 2014). Phuputso e 'ngoe e ileng ea fuputsa sebopeho sa boko ka bosodoma ka mokhoa oa voxel-based morphometry e kanna ea khahla mona, leha sampole e ne e na le bakuli ba' dementia 'ba frontotemporal (Perry et al., 2014). Bangoli ba tlaleha kamano lipakeng tsa ventral putamen e nepahetseng le pallidum atrophy le boits'oaro ba ho batla moputso. Leha ho le joalo, bangoli ba hokahantse taba e bohlooho le lintlha tse batlang moputso tse kenyelletsang mekhoa e meng ea boits'oaro e kang ho ja ho tlōla (78%), tšebeliso e eketsehileng ea joala kapa lithethefatsi (26%), ntle le bosodoma (17%).
Ho akaretsa bopaki, bopaki ba methapo-hloko bo bontša hore ho na le libaka tsa bokooa tse amanang le moputso oa ts'ebetso, ho kenyelletsa le nucleus accumbens (kapa ho feta ka kakaretso striatum) le VTA, mehaho ea prefrontal hammoho le mehaho ea maiketsetso joaloka amygdala le hypothalamus ka tsoho ea thobalano le ho ka 'na ha e-ba le ho kopanela liphate.
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