inahaneloang
Patlisiso e fetileng e bonts'a hore boitšoaro ba thobalano bo feteletseng le boitšoaro bo bong bo kenyelletsang bofebe ba maikutlo, tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho se tšepahale marang-rang li nkuoa e le liketso tsa boloi. Leha ho le joalo, maikutlo a ho se tšepahale a hlahang mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba le ka likamano tsa lerato la batho ba bong bo fapaneng (maqhama a lerato le le leng a thehiloeng ka lipalo tsa litaba) ha a so etse lipatlisiso tse ngata. Lithutong tse peli tse hlahlobang, ke ile ka hlahloba a) hore na barupeluoa ba ile ba nka boits'oaro ba litaba tsa thobalano joang, ho kopanela liphate, maikutlo le litaba tsa sechaba e le ho se tšepahale, le b) boitšoaro bo joalo bo ka ba kotsi hakae haeba molekane a ka ba etsa molato. Ke boetse ke ile ka hlahloba hore na barupeluoa ba bangata ba tlalehiloe hampe hakae ke maikutlo a lerato a balekane ba bona. Liphetho li bonts'a hore mesebetsi e joalo ka ho romella melaetsa e litšila le ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho bonoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ho ts'ebetso ea thobalano le ho hloka botsitso ho tsa thobalano le hore bofebe ba parasocial bo bonoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Lintho tsena li ts'oana le hore na liketso li bonoa e le ho se tšepahale na, 'me ho latela bohloko ba maikutlo boo liketso li ka bo bakang. Liphetho tsena li bonts'a hore mecha ea litaba ea sechaba sa extradyadic le boitšoaro bo litšila li ka bonoa hampe, 'me li ka ba le tšusumetso e mpe likamanong tsa lerato la nnete.
Keywords: bofebe, likamano tsa parasocial, extradyadic, bosholu
Tse ka Hare
Tse ka HareInterpersona, 2019, Moq. 13 (2), https://doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.v13i2.376
E amohetse: 2019-07-08. E amohetsoe: 2019-11-06. E phatlalalitsoe (VoR): 2019-12-20.
* Sengoli se lumellanang ho: 4201 Grant Line Rd, New Albany, IN 47150. Mohala: 812-941-2163. Lengolo-tsoibila: [imeile e sirelelitsoe]
Ena ke sengoloa se bulehileng sa phihlello se tsamaisitsoeng tlasa maemo a laesense ea Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), e lumellang ts'ebeliso e sa thibeloang, phetiso, le phetiso ea mofuta o fe kapa o fe, ha feela mosebetsi oa pele o boletsoe ka nepo.
Ho se tšepahale ho ka hlalosoa e le tlolo ea litloaelo tsa kamano kamanong le maikutlo le kamano e haufi le batho ba bang ntle le likamano tsa lerato (Drigotas le Barta, 2001). Ho hloka bofebe ho ka ba le litlamorao tse bohloko likamanong, ka ho theha kapa ho eketsa khatello ea botho le kamano, mme ke e 'ngoe ea mabaka a atileng haholo a hlalosang tlhalo (Amato & Previti, 2003). Le ha ho le joalo lipatlisiso tse ngata li shebile litlamorao tsa thobalano ea bofebe ba maikutlo (bona Carpenter, 2012, bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea meta), le ho se tšepahale inthaneteng (Guadagno & Sagarin, 2010; Whitty, 2003; 2005), patlisiso e nyane e lekotse hore na boits'oaro bo bong bo bonoa joang ho latela ho se tšepahale, joalo ka bo ts'oaroang ka media oa sechaba (mohlala, Facebook kapa Snapchat) kapa likhakanyo tsa parasocial. Likamano tsa Parasocial (PSRs) ke likamano tse lemohuoeng ka nqa e le 'ngoe le batho ba hlahang mecheng ea litaba (Horton & Wohl, 1956), e ka bang le maikutlo a lerato ka tlhaho (Adam le Sizemore, 2013; Tukachinsky, 2011). Ho ka etsahala hore mekhoa e mecha ea ho ikopanya le batho ba bang ntle le kamano ka medialese ea sechaba e tla bonoa ka tsela e tšoanang le mefuta e meng ea bofebe bo kopaneng. Leha ho le joalo, hobane li-PSR li eme nqa e le 'ngoe, ha ho hlake hore na batho ba bona li-PSR tsa lerato e le mofuta oa ho se tšepahale. Lipheo tsa mantlha tsa lithuto tsa hona joale e ne e le ho lekola hore na barupeluoa ba bone hore na boitšoaro le boitšoaro bo fetelletseng ba boitšoaro bo fetisitsoeng ke litaba tsa boitšoaro e le ho se tšepahale, ho hlahloba hore na barupeluoa ba utloileng bohloko ba ka bona boits'oaro bona joang, le ho bapisa maikutlo a boitšoaro bona le ba thobalano, maikutlo, le ho se tšepahale inthaneteng.
Maikutlo a Meetso e fapaneng e le ho se tšepahale [TOP]
Har'a lintho tse ling, hore na boitšoaro bo nkuoa e le ho se tšepahale ho latela mofuta oa boitšoaro bo botsoang, le litšobotsi tsa batho ba kamanong. Boholo ba lipatlisiso bo bua ka ho se tšepahale 'moho le linoko tse peli tsa sehlooho: ho beta ka thobalano le maikutlong (Blow & Hartnett, 2005), ho bua ka kamano e haufi le thobalano le motho eo e seng molekane oa hae. Leha ho le joalo, bafuputsi ba bang ba hlahlobile liphapang tsa pono ea boits'oaro bo bong mabapi le ho ts'oaroa. Mohlala, Wilson le basebetsi mmoho (Wilson, Mattingly, Clark, Weidler, & Bequette, 2011) o ntlafalitse tekanyo ea ho lekola maikutlo a boitšoaro bo makatsang le bo thetsang, joalo ka ho tants'a motho e mong kapa ho thetsa molekane oa hae, le boits'oaro bo hlakileng, joalo ka thobalano ea molomo le motho e mong. Seo ba se fumaneng se fana ka maikutlo a hore mefuta ena e meraro ea boitšoaro (e makatsang, e thetsang, ebile e hlakile) kaofela li bonoa e le ho se tšepahale, empa ka litsela tse fapaneng ke mefuta e fapaneng ea batho. Pele, Whitty (2003) ba fumane hore barupeluoa ba arotse ho se tšepahale ka mefuta e meraro ea mantlha, ho kenyelletsa bofebe, ho se tšepahale maikutlo le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ka kakaretso, Whitty o fumane hore boits'oaro bo amanang le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso bo ne bo bonoa e le monyetla o fokolang oa ho hloka bofebe, empa boits'oaro bo pakeng tsa khomphutha bo kang cybersex bo ile ba nkuoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le boitsoaro ba sefahleho ba sefahleho, mme eseng joalo ka mokhoa o arohaneng oa ho qhekella. Liphetho tsena li bontša hore ho se tšepahale 'meleng kapa maikutlong ha hoa lokela ho ba maemong a sefahleho ho nkoe e le ho eka. Ho joalo, bonyane 80% ea batho ba fuoeng maemo a mabapi le ho se tšepahale marang-rang e bontšitse hore boitšoaro bona bo tla bonoa e le ketso ea bosholu (Schnarre le Adam, 2017; Whitty, 2005). Phuputsong e le 'ngoe, Schneider le basebetsi-mmoho (2012) o fumane hore ba nkileng karolo ea 34 ba neng ba bone ho se tšepahale marang-rang, ba 30 ba utloile hore boitšoaro bona bo amme likamano tsa bona tsa nnete hampe. Boholo ba barupeluoa ba tlaleha ho felloa ke ts'epo, hobane ba bangata ba bona ba anngoe ke thetso ea balekane ba bona. Ntle le moo, lipuisanong le batho bao balekane ba bona ba entseng bofebe ba inthaneteng, Schneider (2000) o fumane hore hoo e batlang e le kotara ea barupeluoa ba arohane kapa ba hlalane le balekane ba bona.
Na Mecha ea Litaba ea Batho ba Sechaba e Theola Batho Batho ba sa Tšepahalang? [TOP]
Ho tloha ha thuto ea Whitty mabapi le ho se tšepahale pakeng tsa khomphutha e entsoe (Whitty, 2003), mekhoa eo batho ba ka tsamaisang likamano tsa extradyadic e eketsehile, ka lebaka la li-forum tsa media tsa sechaba tse kang Facebook le Snapchat. Liwebosaete tsa litaba tsa sechaba ke li-platform tse sebetsang tse lumellang basebelisi ho hlahisa le ho beha litaba tsa bona le ho theha le ho boloka likamano hantle (Obar le Wildman, 2015). Li-platform tsena li tsebahala haholo: Facebook e sa tsoa tlaleha basebelisi ba khoeli le khoeli ba limilione tse likete tse 2.45 (Facebook, 2019), mme Snapchat e tlalehile basebelisi ba khoeli le khoeli ba limilione tse 210 (Snapchat, 2019). Leha ho le joalo, ka menyetla e eketsehang ea khokahano ea sebele e ka tla menyetla e mengata ea ho se tšepahale. Phuputso e 'ngoe e fumane hore hoo e ka bang 10% ea barupeluoa ba neng ba le likamanong tsa bophelo ba nnete ba ne ba nkile karolo boits'oarong bo amanang le ho hloka toka ka mecha ea litaba ea sechaba (McDaniel, Drouin, & Cravens, 2017). Phuputso e 'ngoe e fumane hore ts'ebeliso e eketsehileng ea Facebook e amana le menyetla e mengata ea likamano tsa nnete tsa bophelo bo bobe, ho kenyelletsa ho qhekella molekane oa hau le motho ea tsoang ho Facebook (Clayton, Nagurney, & Smith, 2013). Ho bonahala eka boitšoaro bo amanang le ho se tšepahale bo etselitsoeng mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba bo tla bonoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le mefuta e meng ea ho se tšepahale inthaneteng. Morero o mong oa lithuto tsa morao-rao e ne e le ho hlahloba hore na boitšoaro bo amana joang le bofebe ka mecha ea litaba ea sechaba ha bo bapisoa le boits'oaro bo bong bo pakeng tsa khomphutha bo kopaneng le bohlola.
Na Parasocial Behaviorsors Ho Tšepahala? [TOP]
Hore na li-PSR tsa motho eo u ratanang le eena li nkuoa e le bofebe ha li e-so fumane tlhokomelo e ngata. Likarabo tsa parasocial li bonahala li tloaelehile haholo. Phuputsong ea morao tjena, basali ba fetang 90% ba lilemo li koleche ba hopola ho ratana ka lerato le motho ea tummeng kapa ea iqapetsoeng ha ba sa le bacha. Leha marang-rang a li-PSR a kanna a se ke a bonoa e le extradyadic, a ka sebetsa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le likamanong tsa lerato la nnete, ka ho fana ka bolekane le ho eketsa ts'ebetso e ntle, mohlala, ha a ntse a e-na le litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa likamano (Adam le Sizemore, 2013). Ekaba mohlomong likamano tsa parasocial, ka nako eo, li ka bonoa li sokela likamano tsa nnete tsa bophelo. Phuputsong e 'ngoe e ileng ea hlahloba litlamorao tsa boitšoaro ba extradyadic kantle ho marang-rang, marang-rang le boitšoaro ba parasocial likamanong tsa kelello, hoo e batlang e le karolo ea barupeluoa ba bangata ba bonts'itseng hore likamano tsa lerato tsa marato e ne e le liketso tsa bosholu (76%) joalo ka ho se tšepahale inthaneteng (80%), leha e le ka mabaka a fapaneng (Schnarre le Adam, 2017). Ka bobeli liketso tse tsoang kantle ho marang-rang le marang-rang li ne li bonoa haholo joaloka bokhopo ba ho tšepana, athe boitšoaro ba parasocial bo ne bo bonoa e le ho koeneha ka lebaka la karolo ea bona ho etsa hore molekane a utloe a sa tšoanelehe kamanong. Sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba kanna ba talima li-PSR tsa lerato e le ho roba melao ea likamano le ho se tšepahale.
Karolo ea ho se tšepahale e ts'oanang haholo le likamano tsa parasocial e kanna ea sebelisoa ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, tseo ho tsona ho sebelisanang mahlakore a mabeli. Bafuputsi ba bang ba pheha khang ka melemo ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, joalo ka khotsofalo e eketsehileng ka puisano ea thobalano bonyane ha ba kopanetse joalo ka lenyalo.Harkness, 2014). Leha ho le joalo, lipatlisiso tse ling li bonts'itse hore ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka boomo e amana le boitlamo ba kamano (Lambert, Negash, Stillman, Olmstead, le Fincham, 2012) le kamano (Harkness, 2014), le hore tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa molekane oa hau e amana hampe le ho khotsofala le kamano le ho ikamahanya hantle le khatello ea maikutlo (Szymanski, Feltman, & Dunn, 2015). Ho ka ba le litlamorao tse ling tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa joalo ka balekane, empa tšebeliso ea motho a le mong ke molekane a le mong e bonahala e nkuoa e le mokhoa oa bosholu (Bergner & Marokho, 2002), mme ha o etsa kantle ho semelo sa kamano, o ka senya kamano eo. Tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ke molekane e ka baka mahlomola le ho fokotsa maikutlo a ho itšepa (Bergner & Marokho, 2002). Ho ka etsahala hore likamano tsa parasocial li lemohuoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa mabapi le ho se tšepahale, haeba li-PSR li etsahala kantle ho litloaelo tsa kamano, mme li kenyelletsa ho beta ho ka amang maikutlo a molekane oa ho itšepa kahare ho kamano (Schnarre le Adam, 2017). Morero o mong oa lithuto tsa hona joale e ne e le ho hlahloba hore na boitšoaro ba parasocal bo lemohuoa joang ha bo bapisoa le mefuta e meng ea ho se tšepahale.
Pharologanyo ya motho ka nosi mo diponong tsa go sa ikanyege [TOP]
Maikutlo a ho se tšepahale a boetse a itšetleha ka litšobotsi tsa motho ka mong. Patlisiso e 'ngoe e fumane hore ka kakaretso, banna ba tloaetse ho fumana ho se tšepahale ho amoheleha ho feta basali, empa hore banna le basali ba talima ho se tšepahale thobalanong le maikutlong ka tsela e tšoanang (Sheppard, Nelson, le Andreoli-Mathie, 1995). Leha ho le joalo, bafuputsi ba bang ba fumane hore banna le basali ba talima mefuta e fapaneng ea ho se tšepahale ka tsela e fapaneng, hoo banna ba atisang ho fumana ho se tšepahale thobalanong ho sithabetsang le ho feta, athe basali bona ba sithabela maikutlo a ho hloka toka.Brase, Adair, & Monk, 2014; Buss et al., 1992; Cann, Mangum, & Wells, 2001; Kruger et al., 2015; Shackelford, Buss, & Bennett, 2002; Treger & Sprecher, 2011). Whitty (2003) o fumane hore bong le lilemo li susumetsa maikutlo a hore na boitšoaro bo nkuoa e le bofebe ba thobalano. Ka kakaretso, barupeluoa, basali ba ne ba na le menyetla ea ho bona boits'oaro ba thobalano (ho kenyeletsoa le boitsoaro bo pakeng tsa khomphutha) e le bofebe. Lithutong tsa hajoale, ho fumanoe liphapang tsa lilemo le bong ka maikutlo a mefuta e fapaneng ea ho hloka botšepehi.
Sehloohong sa hajoale, ke tlaleha ka lithuto tse peli tseo ke ileng ka li etsa ho hlahloba maikutlo a bofebe. Morero oa Thutong ea 1 e ne e le ho bapisa litekanyetso tsa motho ea nkang karolo tsa boitšoaro ba parasocial le boitsoaro bo fetotsoeng bo etsoang ka litaba tsa sechaba (joalo ka ho ts'oasa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso le ho romellana melaetsa ka bong ka marang-rang) le bofebe ba thobalano, maikutlo le maikutlo a marang-rang.Whitty, 2003).
Ithute 1 [TOP]
Method [TOP]
barupeluoa ba [TOP]
Baithuti ba kolecheng ba tsoang univesithing e bohareng bohareng ba bophirima United States (N = 114) le barupeluoa ba 101 ba tsoang Metsing Turk ea Amazon ba nkile karolo thutong ena. Barupeluoa baithuti ba ne ba kenyelletsa basali ba 94 le banna ba 20 ba pakeng tsa lilemo tse 18 ho isa ho tse 44 (M = 19.33, SD = 3.24). Barupeluoa ba ile ba hapuoa ka Soses ea univesithi, e leng sistimi ea tsamaiso ea lipatlisiso inthaneteng, 'me ba lefisoa ka mokitlane oa lipatlisiso bakeng sa ho nka karolo ha bona, ho ka sebelisoang mabapi le litlhoko tsa thuto kapa mokitlane o eketsehileng. Barupeluoa ba MTurk ba ne ba kenyelletsa basali ba 48 le banna ba 52 ba lulang US ba pakeng tsa lilemo tse 20 ho isa ho tse 61 (M = 33.34, SD = Lilemo tse 9.06), 'me ba ne ba lefelletsoe $ 2.00 bakeng sa nako ea bona. Boholo ba karolo ho sampole ea MTurk (N = 73) ho tlalehiloe hore ba kamanong e inehetseng, athe barupeluoa ba 58 sehlopheng sa koleche ba ne ba le kamanong e ikemiselitseng.
Moralo / Mehato [TOP]
Ke entse tlhahlobo ea inthanete ke sebelisa SurveyMonkey. Ntle le lipotso tsa motheo tsa palo ea batho, barupeluoa ba lekantse boitšoaro bo 10 bo neng bo entsoe lipatlisiso nakong e fetileng mabapi le ho se tšepahale (Whitty, 2003). Sekala sa ho se tšepahale sa Whitty se kenyeletsa lintlha tse tharo le lintho tse 15, tse amanang le bofebe ba thobalano, bofebe ba maikutlo le bofebe ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ke felisitse lipotso tse mabapi le "moqoqo o chesang" e le polelo e seng e sa sebelisoe haholo, ebe ke botsa potso e le 'ngoe feela mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso. Ke ile ka holisa likarolo tsa ho se tšepahale mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba hore ke hlahlobe hore na ho romellana melaetsa e litšila ka selefouno le ho romella kapa ho amohela boithabiso bo litšila mabapi le ho se tšepahale. Ke ne ke boetse ke batla ho tseba hore na boitšoaro bona bo bapisoa le boits'oaro bo bong ba lefatše bo nkoang ka nako e 'ngoe e le ho se tšepahale, ka hona, ke ile ka botsa le boits'oaro bo 12 ho tsoa ho Perceptions of Dating infidelity Scale (PDIS: Wilson et al., 2011). Ka mokhoa o makatsang, lintlha tsa PDIS (tse hlalosang le tse thetsang) li tlola ka likarolo tsa thobalano le maikutlo a Whitty's infitelity, empa ke ne ke boetse ke khahloa ke tsela eo media media e etsang lintho ka eona ha e bapisoa le boits'oaro bo amanang le subsincale ea Ambiguous ea PDIS, joalo ka ho kopa kapa ho tants'a le motho e mong. Kamora moo, ke kopile barupeluoa ho lekanya boits'oaro bo supileng bo amanang le bofebe ba parasocial (mohlala, ho reka / ho romella limpho bakeng sa motho ea tummeng oa ho tuma, ho nahana ka taba eo, ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa), le ho kenyelletsa likarolo tsa lefats'e tsa boitšoaro boo (ho nahanisisa ka motho e mong, ho reka / ho amohela limpho ho motho e mong), bakeng sa kakaretso ea lintho tse 34. Joalo ka thutong ea mantlha ea Whitty (mme ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le Thutong ea 1 ke Wilson et al.), Barupeluoa ba lekantse boitšoaro bo bong le bo bong ka lintlha tse hlano ho tloha ho se tšepahale ho feteletseng le ho se tšepahaleng ho feteletseng. Taelo ea tlhahiso ea litloaelo e ne e sa reroa ho motho e mong le e mong oa karolo.
Results [TOP]
Ho hlahloba hore na lintho tsena tse 34 li amana joang le mefuta e fapaneng ea ho se tšepahale, ke ile ka tlisa maikutlo a barupeluoa a boitšoaro ba 34 ho li-axis tse netefatsang tse sebelisang ho potoloha ka mokhoa o tobileng ho SPSS (lipalo tse hlalosang li ho Lethathamo 1).
Tafole 1
Bolela litekanyetso bakeng sa boitšoaro bo bong le bo bong e le ho se tšepahale
| Item | M | SD |
|---|---|---|
| Ho kopanela liphate ka molomo le motho e mong | 4.91 | 0.53 |
| Ho etsa thobalano le motho e mong | 4.90 | 0.54 |
| Ho ratana le motho e mong | 4.79 | 0.71 |
| Ho romella motho e mong ka boeena | 4.74 | 0.68 |
| Cybersex khafetsa le batho ba bangata | 4.73 | 0.72 |
| Ho petedisa / ho ratana le motho e mong | 4.71 | 0.71 |
| Ho romella litšoantšo | 4.70 | 0.76 |
| Ho aka motho e mong | 4.62 | 0.79 |
| Cybersex le osele - hang feela | 4.62 | 0.87 |
| Ho qhekella ho khahlisang | 4.60 | 0.80 |
| Cybersex khafetsa le motho a le mong | 4.56 | 0.94 |
| Ho amohela boithati bo sa hlobotseng ho motho e mong | 4.43 | 0.94 |
| Ho bonya le motho e mong | 3.61 | 1.18 |
| Ho arolelana lintlha tse tebileng tsa maikutlo inthaneteng | 3.42 | 1.26 |
| Ho arolelana tlhahisoleseling e tebileng ea maikutlo ntle le marang-rang | 3.42 | 1.24 |
| rapaletse | 3.33 | 1.18 |
| Reka / amohela limpho ho motho e mong | 3.30 | 1.26 |
| Ho ea meketjaneng ea hlobolisa ntle le uena | 3.20 | 1.30 |
| Ho u patela leseli | 3.15 | 1.13 |
| Ho ba le kamano eo eseng ea thobalano ntle le thobalano | 3.03 | 1.37 |
| Ho nahana ka motho e mong | 3.01 | 1.44 |
| Ho ba le kamano eo eseng ea thobalano marang-rang | 3.00 | 1.42 |
| Go ya go ja / go nwa le motho o sele | 2.84 | 1.23 |
| Reka / romella limpho bakeng sa khatello ea motho ea tummeng | 2.79 | 1.34 |
| Sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse tummeng | 2.69 | 1.42 |
| Ho tjeka le motho e mong | 2.65 | 1.17 |
| Ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ntle le uena | 2.44 | 1.46 |
| Ho ea kae kae le motho e mong | 2.37 | 1.22 |
| Ho leka ho kopana le motho ea tummeng hampe | 2.17 | 1.17 |
| Ho leka ho ikopanya le motho ea tsebahalang | 2.11 | 1.18 |
| Ho boloka likhopotso tsa motho ea tummeng | 2.03 | 1.13 |
| Ho ba le tulo e tummeng ea nako e telele | 2.03 | 1.16 |
| Ho bokella motho e mong | 2.00 | 1.06 |
| Ho nahana ka tummeng ea batho ba tummeng | 1.76 | 1.04 |
Leha lintlha tse ts'eletseng li ne li na le Eigenvalues kaholimo ho e le 'ngoe, ho bolela esale pele hore 71% ea phapang, ka conceptu, tharollo ea lintlha tse hlano kapa tse tšeletseng e ne e se ntho e ntle. Tharollo ea lintlha tse 'nè e boletse esale pele liperesente tse 63 tsa phapang ena, lintho tsa parasocial tse arotsoe ho boits'oaro ba lefats'e la nnete (Parasocial Behaviours) le boits'oaro bo bobe ba ho nahana (Parasocial Fantasy), li siea boits'oaro bo bong bo fetela linthong tse peli - Ho hloka bofebe le maikutlo. Boitšoaro bo makatsang ho tsoa ho PDIS bo hokahaneng le Emotional (Thetso). Ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e kenyelelitsoe ho Parasocial Fantasy factor, leha ho le joalo romella or ho amohela boithati ba boithati bo ne bo arotsoe ka mokhoa o hlakileng ka ho se tšepahale ho Thobalano Lethathamo 2 bakeng sa lintlha tse laoloang). Karolelano ea lintho bakeng sa ntlha ka 'ngoe e baliloe.
Tafole 2
Factor mohlala Matrix Study 1
| Taba ea ho se tšepahale | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| maikutlo | Sex | PB | PF | |
| Lisebelisoa tsa molao | 12.79 | 5.48 | 2.14 | 1.48 |
| Se hlalositsoeng se fapaneng | 37.64 | 16.10 | 6.29 | 4.36 |
| Ho ea kae kae le motho e mong | 0.789 | 0.116 | 0.089 | 0.096 |
| Reka / amohela limpho tsa / ho motho e mong | 0.776 | -0.006 | 0.069 | 0.058 |
| Ho arolelana tlhahisoleseling e tebileng ea maikutlo le motho e mong marang-rang | 0.767 | -0.050 | -0.161 | -0.070 |
| Ho arolelana tlhahisoleseling e tebileng ea maikutlo le motho e mong kantle ho naha | 0.763 | -0.073 | -0.081 | -0.003 |
| Ho tsoa ho ea ja kapa ho noa le motho e mong | 0.688 | -0.010 | 0.106 | -0.034 |
| Ho u patela leseli | 0.683 | -0.033 | 0.070 | 0.023 |
| Ho u thetsa | 0.680 | -0.075 | 0.129 | 0.098 |
| Ho ba le likamano tsa marang-rang tseo e seng tsa thobalano | 0.526 | -0.070 | -0.002 | -0.084 |
| Ho ba le kamano eo e seng ea thobalano ntle le thobalano | 0.505 | -0.027 | 0.038 | -0.046 |
| Ho bokella motho e mong | 0.448 | 0.072 | -0.020 | -0.281 |
| Ho tjeka le motho e mong | 0.433 | -0.066 | -0.081 | -0.309 |
| Ho bonya le motho e mong | 0.397 | -0.223 | -0.051 | -0.296 |
| Cybersex khafetsa le batho ba bangata | -0.042 | -0.907 | -0.012 | -0.006 |
| Ho romella motho e mong ka boeena | -0.037 | -0.905 | -0.005 | -0.069 |
| Ho kopanela liphate ka molomo le motho e mong | -0.057 | -0.868 | 0.075 | 0.154 |
| Ho etsa thobalano le motho e mong | -0.035 | -0.858 | 0.077 | 0.159 |
| Ho romella litšoantšo | 0.021 | -0.845 | 0.056 | 0.029 |
| Ho ts'oaroa ka matla / ho ts'oaroa | -0.009 | -0.809 | 0.091 | 0.135 |
| Ho qhekella ho khahlisang | 0.079 | -0.803 | 0.052 | -0.035 |
| Ho ratana le motho e mong | 0.010 | -0.790 | 0.000 | -0.032 |
| Cybersex le osele - hang | 0.013 | -0.764 | -0.079 | -0.168 |
| Ho aka motho e mong | 0.100 | -0.725 | -0.046 | -0.041 |
| Cybersex khafetsa le motho a le mong | 0.033 | -0.640 | -0.067 | -0.092 |
| Ho amohela boithati bo sa hlobotseng ho motho e mong | 0.073 | -0.567 | -0.144 | -0.210 |
| Ho leka ho ikopanya le motho ea tsebahalang | 0.081 | -0.056 | 0.787 | -0.047 |
| Ho leka ho kopana le motho ea tummeng hampe | 0.084 | -0.028 | 0.772 | -0.086 |
| Ho reka / ho romella limpho tsa batho ba tummeng | 0.232 | -0.073 | 0.550 | -0.091 |
| Ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa motho ea tummeng | 0.057 | -0.067 | 0.154 | -0.764 |
| Ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ntle le uena | 0.081 | -0.061 | 0.054 | -0.736 |
| Ho nahana ka motho e mong | 0.239 | -0.082 | -0.084 | -0.647 |
| Ho nahana ka ho tuma / ho sithabetsoa ha motho | -0.109 | -0.003 | 0.406 | -0.609 |
| Ho boloka likhopotso tsa motho ea tummeng / oa motho ea khethiloeng | 0.073 | 0.048 | 0.380 | -0.581 |
| Ho ba le khatello ea nako e telele ho motho ea tummeng / bathong | 0.047 | 0.066 | 0.455 | -0.539 |
| Ho ea meketjaneng ea hlobolisa ntle le uena | 0.308 | -0.089 | 0.009 | -0.460 |
Hlokomela. Boldface e bonts'a thepa e phahameng ka ho fetisisa.
Joalokaha Whitty's (2003) Boithuto, ho hloka thobalano ka thobalano ho kenyelletsa boitšoaro bo bobe bo amanang le cybersexual le bofebe ba thobalano. Joalokaha ho boletsoe esale pele, boitšoaro ba mecha ea phatlalatso ea litaba tse kang ho romellana melaetsa ka marang-rang, ho etsa litšoantšo ka bootsoa ka ho romellana kapa ho romella kapa ho amohela boithabiso bo litšila le bona bo kenyellelitsoe nthong ea thobalano ea thobalano, bakeng sa boits'oaro bo 12 ba boitšoaro (α = .946). Joalokaha re ka bona ho Lethathamo 1, boitšoaro ba thobalano bo hlahisitsoeng ka phatlalatso ea sechaba bo ne bo lekantsoe ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le boits'oaro ba nnete ba thobalano ho latela boits'oaro bo nkoang. Ho se tšepahale maikutlong ho kenyelletsa boitšoaro bo 12, bo neng bo boetse bo lumellana ka hare (α = .908). Khopolo-taba ea Parasocial e kenyelletsa boitšoaro bo supileng (α = .908), ho kenyelletsa boitšoaro bo bong bo amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, mme Parasocial Behavior e kenyelletsa boitšoaro bo tharo bo neng bo kenyelletsa ho leka ho sebelisana le motho ea tummeng oa bophelo ba sebele (ho ba rekela limpho, ho leka ho ikopanya le ho kopana le bona; α = .831).
Ho hlahloba hore na ho na le litlamorao tsa bong ho maikutlo a mefuta e fapaneng ea ho se tšepahale, ke ile ka etsa ANVOA e tsoakaneng ka SPSS, ka mefuta e mene ea ho se tšepahale e le mofuta o ikemetseng oa bong bo ikemetseng (monna kapa mosali) joalo ka lipakeng tsa lithuto tse ikemetseng, le maemo a ho se tšepahale e le phapang e ikemetseng. Ho bile le phello e kholo ea mofuta oa ho se tšepahale litekaneng tsa ho se tšepahale, F(3, 639) = 510.46, p <.001, η2 = .706. Papiso ea Pairwise e bontšitse hore kakaretso ea Boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano e ne e phahame haholo (M = 4.69, SD = 0.60) ho fapana le ho hloka tumeloM = 2.98, SD = 0.87), Khopolo-taba ea Parasocial (M = 2.45, SD = 1.04) kapa ho ba le sebopeho sa Parasocial (M = 2.35, SD = 1.06). Ntle le moo, Emotional infidelity le eona e ne e fuoe tekanyo e phahameng haholo mabapi le ho se tšepahale ho feta mokha o mong le o mong oa parasocial.
Ho bile le phello e kholo ea bong ho maikutlo a bofebe. F(1, 213) = 8.42, p = .004, η2 = .038. Ka kakaretso, basali ba lekantse boitšoaro e le sesupo sa ho se tšepahale (M = 3.22, SD = 0.74) ho feta banna (M = 2.93, SD = 0.58). Leha ho le joalo, tšebelisano lipakeng tsa mofuta oa boitšoaro le bong e ne e le ea bohlokoa hape. F(3, 624) = 2.46, p = .062, η2 = .012. Mehlala e ikemetseng t Litlhahlobo li bonts'a hore, haholo basali ba ne ba khona ho lekanya Parasocial Fantasy le Emotional infidelity joalo ka ho se tšepahale (bona Lethathamo 3).
Tafole 3
Ho bapisoa ha Scores infidelity Scores ka Mofuta le Bong, Boithuto ba 1
| Mofuta oa ho se tšepahale | Women M (SD) | banna M (SD) | t | d |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boitšoaro ba Paramente | 2.36 (1.13) | 2.35 (0.93) | 0.07 | 0.01 |
| Toro ea Parasocial | 2.60 (1.06) | 2.17 (0.93) | 2.92 ** | 0.43 |
| ho kopanela liphate | 4.76 (0.62) | 4.56 (0.55) | 2.29 * | 0.34 |
| Maikutlo | 3.16 (0.88) | 2.65 (0.74) | 4.27 *** | 0.63 |
*p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001.
ANOVA e 'ngoe e tsoakaneng e sebelisitsoe ho hlahloba litlamorao tsa botsofe mabapi le maikutlo a mefuta e fapaneng ea ho se tšepahale. Age e ne e kenyelletsoa joalo ka sehlopha sa lithuto tsa mahareng. Ho bile le phello ea mantlha ea lilemo ka tekanyo ea ho se tšepahale, F(1, 209) = 5.41, p = .021, η2 = .025. Age o ile a bolela esale pele ka mokhoa oo barupeluoa ba lekantseng toro ea Parasocial, β = -.026, t = -3.59, p <.001, le ho se tšepahale maikutlong, β = -.023, t = -3.73, p <.001. Ha lilemo li ntse li eketseha, barupeluoa ba ne ba se na monyetla oa ho lekanya boitšoaro bona e le sesupo sa ho se tšepahale.
Kamora nako, phello ea boemo ba kamano likhethong tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea ho se tšepahale e ile ea hlahlojoa. Liphetho tsa ANOVA e 'ngoe e tsoakiloeng e bonts'itse hore ho na le phello e kholo ea boemo ba likamano (kamanong e ikemiselitseng vs. eseng) ka maikutlo a bofebe. F(1, 213) = 6.33, p = .013, η2 = .029. Mehlala e ikemetseng t Litlhahlobo li bonts'a hore barupeluoa kamanong e ikemiselitseng ba ratanang ka boitšoaro ba parasocial le boits'oaro ba maikutlo bo phahame haholo ho ts'epeng ho feta barupeluoa ba seng likamanong tse ikemiselitseng (bona Lethathamo 4).
Tafole 4
Ho bapisoa ha Scores infidelity Scores ka Mofuta le Kamano ea Kamano, Boithuto ba 1
| Mofuta oa ho se tšepahale | Single M (SD) | Kamano ea M (SD) | t | d |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boitšoaro ba Paramente | 2.12 (0.95) | 2.51 (1.11) | -2.68 ** | 0.38 |
| Toro ea Parasocial | 2.33 (0.88) | 2.53 (1.13) | -1.43 | 0.20 |
| ho kopanela liphate | 4.65 (0.75) | 4.72 (0.48) | -0.82 | 0.11 |
| Maikutlo | 2.80 (0.78) | 3.10 (0.90) | -2.54 * | 0.36 |
Hlokomela. Moq. Beh. = Sebata sa Parasocial; Moq. Mohlolo. = Toro ea Parasocial.
*p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001.
Puisano [TOP]
Patlisiso ena e ntlafatsang e ntšetsa pele tse tsejoang ka hore na batho ba bona joang boits'oaro ba extradyadic. Ka kakaretso, boits'oaro bo amanang le ho se tšepahale bo etsahalang ka mecha ea litaba ea sechaba (joalo ka Snapchatting) bo ile ba bonoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le liketso tse fetileng tsa boithuto ba boits'oaro ba cyber (joalo ka ho ba le cybersex le osele; Whitty, 2003), mme bobeli mecha ea litaba ea sechaba le boitšoaro bo bobe ba cyber bo ne bo arotsoe ka bofebe ba thobalano mabapi le bosholu. Ho joalo, ha ho bapisoa le thuto ea mantlha ea Whitty, batho ba lekanya ho romella le ho amohela boithabiso ba boithabiso ka mecha ea litaba ea sechaba kapa libaka tse ling tsa elektroniki ka ho se tšepahale ho feteletseng.
Ntle le moo, le ha boitšoaro ba parasocial bo ne bo fokola haholo ho ka nkuoa e le bofebe ha bo bapisoa le bo-mphatlalatsi ba litaba tsa sechaba, le bona, joalo ka ha ho boletsoe esale pele, ba ne ba lemohuoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa mabapi le bofebe. Kahoo, ho bonahala eka ha motho a lemoha hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa molekane oa hae ke ketso ea bosholu, a ka ba le monyetla oa ho bona likamano tsa botona le botšehali e le bofebe, mme ka ho tšoanang a ka sithabetsoa ke boitšoaro bona.
Ho bile le phapang e teng tseleng eo batho ba boneng ho hloka botšepehi. Ka karolelano, basali ba ile ba lekanya boits'oaro ba thobalano e le bo phahameng haholo ho se tšepahaleng, empa ho ne ho sena tšusumetso ea lilemo kapa boemo ba kamano mabapi le hore na sena se bonoa joang. Basali le barupeluoa ba banyenyane ba ne ba ka khona ho beha boitšoaro bo amanang le litoro tsa bofetoheli ka ho se tšepahale, joalo ka litholoana tsa Whitty (2003). Hore barupeluoa ba banyenyane ba lekantse boitšoaro bona bo phahame haholo ho se tšepahale e ka ba lebaka la ho hloka boiphihlelo ka likamano tsa nnete tsa lefats'e, kapa ka lebaka la setso se fetohang mabapi le likamano tse ntle tsa extradyadic. Maemong a mang, litloaelo tsa karohano ho e mong oa balekane li ka nkuoa e le ho beta, 'me ka lebaka leo li ka ba le tšusumetso kamanong e mpe, haholo ho basali ba banyane. Ha mekhoa ea puisano ea sechaba e hola, moqoqo o lokela ho ba o lumellanang le tse amohelehang likamanong tse itseng. Se ka nkoang e se kotsi ho molekane e mong se ka nkuoa e le ho se tšepahale thobalanong ke molekane e mong.
Leha barupeluoa ba ne ba bonahala ba bona boits'oaro ba litaba tsa sechaba le boits'oaro bo bobe joaloka mefuta ea ho se tšepahale e ka bapisoang le ho hloka thobalano le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, ho ka etsahala hore tšusumetso ea boits'oaro bona e ka ba fokola, haholo likamano tsa parasocial. Barupeluoa ba kanna ba nahana hore boitšoaro bo itseng ba parasocal bo ka senya melao ea kamano ea sebele, empa ba kanna ba angoa ke tlolo eo e tloaelehileng ho fapana le boits'oaro bo bong, kapa ba ikutloa eka ba ka ba le tokelo e fokolang ea ho utloisoa bohloko ke tlolo eo. Boithuto ba bobeli bo ile ba etsoa ho netefatsa hore boitšoaro bo neng bo ithutile pele, boits'oaro ba parasocial, bo ne bo nkuoa e le ho hloka bots'epehi, 'me kahoo bo sithabetsa kamanong, le ho bapisa tšusumetso e fumanoeng ea thobalano, Emotional, le Parasocial, le ho hlahloba ho ata le sephetho. ea bofokoli ba parasocial.
Ithute 2 [TOP]
Method [TOP]
barupeluoa ba [TOP]
Barupeluoa ba ile ba hapuoa hape ka MTurk le ho tsoa univesithing ea Midwestern e United States. Barupeluoa ba barutoana ba koleche ba ne ba kenyelletsa basali ba 68 le banna ba 29 ba pakeng tsa lilemo tse 18 ho isa ho tse 28 (M = 18.91, SD = 1.69). Barupeluoa ba ile ba hapuoa ka Soses ea univesithi, e leng sistimi ea tsamaiso ea lipatlisiso inthaneteng, 'me ba lefisoa ka mokitlane oa lipatlisiso bakeng sa ho nka karolo ha bona, ho ka sebelisoang mabapi le litlhoko tsa thuto kapa mokitlane o eketsehileng. Barupeluoa ba MTurk ba ne ba kenyelletsa basali ba 34 le banna ba 66 ba lilemo li pakeng tsa 19 ho isa ho 59 (M = 31.60, SD = Lilemo tse 8.15), 'me ba ne ba lefelletsoe $ 1.00 bakeng sa nako ea bona. Boholo ba karolo ho sampole ea MTurk (N = 62) ho tlalehiloe hore ba kamanong e inehetseng, athe barupeluoa ba 43 sehlopheng sa koleche ba ne ba le kamanong e ikemiselitseng.
Moralo / Mehato [TOP]
Ke boetse ke entse tlhahlobo ea inthanete ke sebelisa SurveyMonkey. Ntle le potso ea motheo ea palo ea batho, mehato e ne e kenyelletsa boitšoaro boo barupeluoa ba neng ba bo lekantse pele mabapi le ho se tšepahale. Ho kenyelletsoa le mekhoa e meng e mecha ea boits'oaro, ho kenyelletsa molekane ho romella lifoto tsa Facebook tse bontshang boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho rata motho e mong, ho ba le akhaonto ea litaba tsa sechaba le batho ba bang, mme ba bolella balekane ba bona ba lakatsa eka ba ka shebahala joalo ka motho oa bona ea tummeng. Boitšoaro bo bong le bo bong bo ne bo lekantsoe ka terata e thellang ho tloha ho 0 ho isa ho 100 ho latela e utloisang bohloko Boitšoaro e tla ba haeba molekane oa moratuoa a ne a ka etsa ts'ebetso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe. Thulaganyo eo boits'oaro bo hlahisitsoeng ka eona e ne e sa reroa ho motho e mong le e mong ea nkang karolo. Barupeluoa ba boetse ba botsoa hore na ba kile ba ba kamanong eo molekane oa bona a neng a e-na le kamano e haufi ea lerato le maikutlo a lerato le hore na seo se ama kamano ea bona joang.
Results [TOP]
Ke ile ka fana ka maikutlo a barupeluoa mabapi le likotsi tsa boits'oaro ho ahlahlobisisa ntlha ea tšebeliso ke sebelisa ho potoloha ka mokhoa o ikhethileng ho SPSS (lipalo tse hlalosang li ho Lethathamo 5). Leha lintlha tse ts'eletseng li ne li na le Eigenvalues kaholimo ho e 'ngoe, lintlha tse' ne li boetse li boletse karolo ea 64 lekholong ea phapang eo. Leha ho le joalo, tharollo ea lintlha tse 'ne e sa lumellane le mabaka a fetileng - boits'oaro bo neng bo bonahala e le bofebe ba maikutlo bo oele linthong tse peli ntle le karohano e hlakileng ea theory, mme boits'oaro ba parasocia bo laetsehile nthong e le' ngoe. Kahoo, ho ile ha hlahlojoa tharollo ea lintlha tse tharo, e hlalosang liperesente tse 60 tsa phapang (bona Lethathamo 6), le dintho tse tsamaellanang haholo le Boits'oaro ba thobalano, Emotional, le Parasocial, ka ho se khethollo pakeng tsa boitshwaro ba parasocial le fantasocial. Kahoo, lithutong tse ileng tsa latela, ho hloka toka ha Parasocial ho ile ha hlahlojoa e le ntlha e le 'ngoe.
Tafole 5
Lipalopalo tse Hlalosang tsa Bobebe ba Behaviors, Thutong ea 2
| Item | M | SD |
|---|---|---|
| Ho etsa thobalano le motho e mong | 95.09 | 13.37 |
| Ho fana ka thobalano ka molomo | 93.01 | 16.55 |
| Ho amohela thobalano e molomo | 92.75 | 15.98 |
| Ho romella motho e mong ka boeena | 88.79 | 21.24 |
| Ho ratana le motho e mong | 88.10 | 23.69 |
| Cybersex khafetsa le motho a le mong | 87.44 | 21.43 |
| Ho aka motho e mong | 86.22 | 19.10 |
| Cybersex khafetsa le batho ba bangata | 86.04 | 23.53 |
| Ho romella litšoantšo | 85.54 | 21.11 |
| Ho petedisa / ho ratana le motho e mong | 85.02 | 19.42 |
| E ngotsoe linepe Facebook o ama motho e mong | 79.86 | 23.26 |
| Ho qhekella ho khahlisang | 78.73 | 25.32 |
| rapaletse | 74.69 | 21.77 |
| Cybersex le osele - hang feela | 73.83 | 30.19 |
| Ho amohela boithati bo sa hlobotseng ho motho e mong | 72.37 | 32.40 |
| Li na le Tinder / Bumble / akhaonto e ts'oanang | 72.31 | 31.08 |
| Ho u patela leseli | 69.84 | 26.20 |
| Ho bonya le motho e mong | 67.91 | 28.69 |
| Ho arolelana leseli le tebileng la maikutlo ntle le marang-rang | 64.62 | 30.47 |
| Re boletse hore o lakatsa eka o shebahala joalo ka motho ea tummeng | 63.06 | 30.50 |
| Ho arolelana lintlha tse tebileng tsa maikutlo inthaneteng | 58.71 | 30.99 |
| Ho nahana ka motho e mong | 57.07 | 34.09 |
| Ho ea meketjaneng ea hlobolisa ntle le uena | 50.24 | 36.00 |
| Reka / amohela limpho ho motho e mong | 50.08 | 35.16 |
| Ho ba le kamano eo eseng ea thobalano marang-rang | 47.31 | 35.74 |
| Ho ba le kamano eo eseng ea thobalano ntle le thobalano | 44.07 | 35.27 |
| Reka / romella limpho bakeng sa khatello ea motho ea tummeng | 39.08 | 31.87 |
| Ho tjeka le motho e mong | 38.72 | 29.58 |
| Go ya go ja / go nwa le motho o sele | 37.93 | 32.42 |
| Ho leka ho ikopanya le motho ea tsebahalang | 34.15 | 31.42 |
| Ho leka ho kopana le motho ea tummeng hampe | 32.16 | 30.88 |
| Sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse tummeng | 29.75 | 32.69 |
| Ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ntle le uena | 25.34 | 33.59 |
| Ho ba le tulo e tummeng ea nako e telele | 21.78 | 26.56 |
| Ho nahana ka tummeng ea batho ba tummeng | 20.87 | 25.43 |
| Ho bokella motho e mong | 18.87 | 23.66 |
| Ho boloka likhopotso tsa motho ea tummeng | 18.69 | 25.43 |
Tafole 6
Factor mohlala Matrix Study 2
| Taba ea ho se tšepahale | F1 | F2 | F3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| ho kopanela liphate | Parasoc. | Maikutlo | |
| Lisebelisoa tsa molao | 14.90 | 5.85 | 1.92 |
| Se hlalositsoeng se fapaneng | 39.22 | 15.38 | 5.05 |
| Ho kopanela liphate le motho e mong ka thobalano | 0.928 | -0.097 | -0.120 |
| Cybersex khafetsa motho a le mong | 0.909 | -0.061 | 0.011 |
| O amohetse motho e mong ka thobalano ea molomo | 0.907 | -0.080 | -0.099 |
| Cybersex khafetsa le batho ba bangata | 0.906 | 0.035 | -0.033 |
| E rometsoe boithati ho motho e mong | 0.895 | -0.005 | -0.045 |
| Re romelletse motho e mong molaetsa | 0.882 | 0.051 | -0.021 |
| Ho etsa thobalano le motho e mong | 0.856 | -0.180 | -0.067 |
| Litšoantšo tsa Sexy | 0.830 | 0.106 | 0.051 |
| Ho aka motho e mong | 0.723 | -0.081 | 0.170 |
| Cybersex le osele - hang | 0.680 | 0.205 | 0.013 |
| E kopantsoe ke ho ruruha / ho rata lintho tse boima | 0.676 | 0.020 | 0.049 |
| Re amohetse li-uchi tsa boithabiso ka imeile / moqoqo / molaetsa | 0.540 | 0.127 | 0.247 |
| E romelle linepe tsa motho e mong ka Facebook | 0.530 | 0.087 | 0.281 |
| O khahliloe ke motho e mong | 0.502 | 0.092 | 0.340 |
| Tinder / Bumble / Tlaleho e ts'oanang | 0.501 | 0.221 | 0.122 |
| E ratile motho e mong | 0.497 | 0.008 | 0.020 |
| Boloka memori ea motho ea tummeng / ea sets'oants'o | -0.144 | 0.827 | 0.038 |
| O ile a leka ho kopana le motho ea tummeng hampe | 0.116 | 0.812 | -0.124 |
| Ho sithabetsoa ha nako e telele ho motho ea tummeng / bathong | -0.103 | 0.775 | 0.118 |
| E lekile ho ikopanya le khatello | 0.109 | 0.759 | -0.173 |
| E nahanisisa ka khatello | -0.054 | 0.753 | 0.061 |
| O rekile / o romelle limpho bakeng sa khatello | 0.116 | 0.735 | -0.007 |
| Sheba litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso | -0.014 | 0.628 | 0.201 |
| O shebelletse porno ntle le uena | -0.051 | 0.462 | 0.177 |
| Hloaetse motho e mong | -0.117 | 0.448 | 0.410 |
| O batlile ho hlobolisa mekliki ntle le uena | 0.096 | 0.389 | 0.274 |
| Re u joetse hore ba lakatsa eka u ka shebahala joaloka sithabetse | 0.289 | 0.359 | 0.153 |
| Tlhahisoleseling e arolelanoang ka maikutlo le motho e mong marang-rang | 0.003 | -0.045 | 0.767 |
| Tlhahisoleseling e arolelanoang ka maikutlo le motho e mong ntle le inthanete | -0.070 | -0.022 | 0.702 |
| O ile ho ea ja le motho e mong | -0.005 | 0.194 | 0.669 |
| Patiloe lintlha tse tsoang ho uena | 0.035 | -0.020 | 0.613 |
| O rekile / o fumane limpho tsa / ho motho e mong | 0.090 | 0.170 | 0.601 |
| Likamano tse seng tsa thobalano marang-rang | 0.122 | 0.153 | 0.498 |
| Ke leshano ho uena | 0.258 | -0.156 | 0.494 |
| O kopantsoe ke motho e mong | 0.059 | 0.266 | 0.445 |
| Nahana ka motho e mong | 0.333 | 0.224 | 0.380 |
| Likamano tse seng tsa thobalano ntle le thobalano | 0.093 | 0.230 | 0.348 |
Hlokomela. Boldface e bonts'a thepa e phahameng ka ho fetisisa.
Tlolo ea thobalano e boetse e kenyelletsa boitšoaro ba cybersexual, ho kenyelletsa ts'ebeliso ea Facebook kapa libaka tsa marang-rang tsa batho ba ratanang, bakeng sa boits'oaro bo 16 ba boitšoaro (α = .952). Ho hloka botsitso moeeng ho kenyelletsa boitšoaro bo 10, bo neng bo boetse bo lumellana ka hare (α = .882). Ho hloka toka ha Parasocial ho kenyelletsa boitšoaro bo 10, hape ho kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (α = .905). Hugging e ne e tsamaellana le mabaka a bobeli a parasocial le maikutlo mme e ile ea theoloa ho hlahlobisiso e ngoe.
Ke tsamaisitse ANOVA e kopaneng le mefuta e meraro ea ho se tšepahale e le lintho tse ikemetseng tse ikemetseng, bong (monna kapa mosali) joalo ka lithuto tse ikemetseng tse pakeng tsa thuto e fapaneng, mme ka elelloa bobe e le phapang e itšetlehileng ka eona. Ho bile le phello e kholo ea mofuta oa ho se tšepahale litekatsong tse utloisang bohloko, F(2, 344) = 590.27, p <.001, η2 = .774. Papiso ea bobeli e bontšitse hore ka kakaretso, lipalo tse tloaelehileng tsa Bofebe ba Thobalano li ne li le holimo haholo (M = 82.56, SD = 18.29) ho fapana le ho hloka tumeloM = 53.64, SD = 21.52) kapa bofebe ba Parasocial (M = 32.20, SD = 21.37), le hore Boikaketsi ba Emotional bo ile ba bonoa bo le kotsi haholo ho feta Parasocial infidelity.
Hape ho bile le phello e kholo ea bong ho latela hore na barupeluoa ba utloileng bohloko ba bone mefuta eohle ea bofebe joang, F(1, 172) = 42.91, p <.001, η2 = .200. Ka kakaretso, basali ba lemohile hore ho se tšepahale ho kotsi le ho feta (M = 63.82, SD = 15.29) ho feta banna (M = 48.62, SD = 15.30). Ntle le moo, ho bile le tšebelisano e nyane empa e le bohlokoa ea tšebelisano lipakeng tsa mofuta oa ho se tšepahale le bong ho kotsi e nkoang, F(2, 344) = 3.45, p = .033, η2 = .02. Mehlala e ikemetseng t Liteko li bonts'itse hore le ha basali ba ne ba khona ho lekola mefuta eohle ea bofebe ka mokhoa o utloisang bohloko le ho feta, phapang e ne e sa buuoe ka boits'oaro ba parasocial (bona Lethathamo 7).
Tafole 7
Ho bapisoa ha Liithuti Tse Kotsi ka Mofuta le Bong, Thutong ea 2
| Mofuta oa ho se tšepahale | Women M (SD) | banna M (SD) | t | d |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parasocial | 37.94 (21.14) | 26.59 (20.17) | 3.63 *** | 0.55 |
| Maikutlo | 63.29 (19.10) | 44.21 (19.55) | 6.51 *** | 0.99 |
| ho kopanela liphate | 90.22 (11.73) | 75.07 (20.39) | 5.99 *** | 0.91 |
*p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001.
ANOVA e 'ngoe e tsoakiloeng e sebelisitsoe ho hlahloba litlamorao tsa botsofaling ba ho tseba ho utloisa bohloko ha mefuta e fapaneng ea ho se tšepahale. Age e ne e kenyelletsoa joalo ka sehlopha sa lithuto tsa mahareng. Ho bile le phello ea mantlha ea lilemo ka tekanyo ea ho se tšepahale, F(1, 172) = 6.88, p = .010, η2 = .038. Age o ile a bolela esale pele ka mokhoa oo barupeluoa ba lekantseng ho hloka toka ka thobalano, β = -.578, t = -3.84, p <.001, le Bofebe ba Maikutlo, β = -.397, t = -2.18, p = .030. Ha lilemo li ntse li eketseha, barupeluoa ba ne ba fokola haholo ho lekanya bofebe ba thobalano le maikutlo.
Liphetho tsa ANOVA ea hoqetela li bonts'itse hore ho na le phello e kholo ea boemo ba likamano (kamanong e ikemiselitseng dhidi ea eseng) mabapi le maikutlo a ho utloisa bohloko, F(1, 172) = 8.88, p = .003, η2 = .049. Mehlala e ikemetseng t Liteko li bonts'itse hore barupeluoa kamanong e ikemiselitseng ba ka khona ho lekanya mefuta eohle e meraro ea ho se tšepahale e le kotsi ho feta bathong ba seng likamanong tse ikemiselitseng (bona Lethathamo 8).
Tafole 8
Ho bapisoa ha Lipalo Tse Kotsi ka Mofuta le Boemo ba Kamano, Thutong ea 2
| Mofuta oa ho se tšepahale | Single M (SD) | Kamano ea M (SD) | t | d |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parasocial | 27.95 (18.99) | 35.89 (22.70) | 2.48 * | 0.55 |
| Maikutlo | 49.59 (19.95) | 57.17 (22.31) | 2.35 * | 0.38 |
| ho kopanela liphate | 78.75 (17.28) | 85.88 (18.58) | 2.61 * | 0.36 |
*p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001.
Puisano [TOP]
Ka kakaretso, liphumano tsena li tiisa le ho holisa sephetho sa Thutong ea 1, 'me li fana ka maikutlo a hore ka mokhoa o tšoanang le boits'oaro bo bobe ba thobalano kapa ho rata ho bonts'a maikutlo bo etsahalang ka mecha ea litaba ea sechaba ho nkuoa ho le kotsi joalo ka bofebe ba thobalano. Hobane boitšoaro bona ha bo etsahale sefahlehong ha bo ba etse hore ba be le phello e mpe likamanong, 'me ho bohlokoa hore boitšoaro bona bo ithutoe hape mabapi le ho ata le tšusumetso ea bona likamanong.
Ntle le moo, boitšoaro bo amanang le ho se tšepahale ho paramente bo ile ba bonoa bo utloisa bohloko joalo ka ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Joalokaha ho boletsoe pejana, patlisiso e fana ka maikutlo a hore tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, haholo ts'ebeliso e mpe haholo le e le 'ngoe, e ka ba le likotsi likamanong tsa nnete tsa bophelo ba motho (Schneider et al., 2012), mme e amana hampe le boitlamo ho molekane oa hau mme e amana hantle le ho se tšepahale (Lambert et al., 2012). Liphetho tsa thuto ea bobeli li tiisa hore le ha e le 'ngoe, boits'oaro bo kopanetsoeng bo ka baka likamano tse mpe likamanong tsa lerato, haholo basali le ba likamanong tse ikemiselitseng.
Puisano e akaretsang [TOP]
Ho na le liqeto tse peli tsa sehlooho tsa lipatlisiso tsa hajoale. Taba ea pele, boitšoaro ba thobalano kapa ba ho bonts'a maikutlo ka ho bapala ka litaba tsa sechaba ha bo lemohuoe ka tsela e tšoanang eseng feela litabeng tsa boitšoaro bo bobe ba botona le botšehali empa hape le ho se tšepahale thobalanong, mme bo bonoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang likamanong tsa baratani. Liphumano tsena li tsamaisana le tsa Whitty (2003; 2005), hape o fana ka maikutlo a hore boitšoaro ba extradyadic ha boa lokela ho ba ba mmele bakeng sa ho nkuwa e le ho hloka toka.
Ntle le moo, leha likamano tsa parasocial li kanna tsa se nkuoe e le likamano tsa 'nete tsa extradyadic ka lebaka la sebopeho sa tsona se le seng, liphetho tsa lithuto tsa morao-rao li bonts'a hore likamano tsa parasocial tsa lerato le holimo li lekantsoe ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ebile li utloisa bohloko joalo ka ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa mabapi le ho koetela baratani. litebello tsa kamano. Ho kenella likamanong tsena ho ka senya mekhoa e tloahelehileng ea likamano, 'me ka hona ho ka senya likamano. Liphetho tsa lithuto tsa hona joale li bontša hore litlolo tsena li ka bonoa haholo le ho ama basali ba bacha. Ka bomalimabe, ha batho ba qeta nako e ngata ho lifono tsa bona tse bohlale le libakeng tse mahareng, monyetla oa ho se tšepahale le mecha ea litaba ea ho se tšepahaleng o eketseha, joalo ka ha monyetla oa likamano o ka senyeha. Karolo e le 'ngoe ea lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang e lokela ho lekola tšebeliso ea balekane ba litaba tsa kahisano mabapi le boitšoaro ba extradyadic le boitšoaro ba parasocial. Ha ho hlake hore na balekane ba ba le lipuisano mabapi le hore na ho hloka toka ke eng. Bafuputsi ba pejana ba fumane hore puisano pakeng tsa balekane e amana hantle le khotsofalo ea kamano (Litzinger & Gordon, 2005). Joalo ka ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, puisano ka boitšoaro bo amohelehang ba maikutlo kapa ba thobalano, ho kenyelletsoa ka mecha ea litaba ea sechaba kapa ka tsela e makatsang, e ka lebisa khotsofatsong e kholo ea likamano. Bafuputsi ba kamoso ba ka batla hore ba se ke ba bona feela seo batho ba khethang hore ke ho se tšepahale, empa le lintlha life tsa ho hloka botšepehi tseo ba buang le balekane ba bona ka tsona.
Hobaneng ha batho ba etsa bofebe? Patlisiso mabapi le ho se tšepahale e fana ka maikutlo a hore ho hloka khotsofalo ea likamano (haholo-holo basali) le khotsofalo ea thobalano (haholo-holo bakeng sa banna) ho amana le ho se tšepahale ho eketsehileng (Blow & Hartnett, 2005). Mohlomong batho ba kenella boits'oarong bo bobebe ka mecha ea litaba ea sechaba kapa ba kenella menahanong ea parascia ka mabaka a tšoanang. Ka sebele, melemo e fumanoang likamanong tsa lerato la marato e bonahala e tšoana le eo e natefiloeng ke likamano tsa lerato la nnete tsa batho ba bang (Adam le Sizemore, 2013). Leha ho le joalo, ho ka ba le phapang ea bohlokoa eseng feela hore na ke hobaneng batho ba itshwara ka tsela ena, empa hape ka ea ileng a o tsamaisa mefuta ena ea ho se tšepahale. Patlisiso e tlang e lokela ho rarolla lipotso tsena.
sheba mefokolo ea [TOP]
Ho na le meeli e itseng ea bohlokoa lithutong tsena. Lithuto tsena ka bobeli li ne li hlahlobisisa sebopeho, 'me li ne li etsoa ho bona hore na boitšoaro ba parasocic bo ka nkoang bo ka nkoa e le mefuta ea bofebe. Patlisiso ea nako e tlang e lokela ho pheta liphetho tse akaretsang tsa hore boitšoaro ba parasocial bo bonoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, le hore mekhoa ea mecha ea phatlalatso ea litaba tsa sechaba e fetoloa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le ho se tšepahale ha cyber- le thobalano. Ntle le moo, disampole tse nyane ha lia ka tsa lumella tlhahlobo ea tšebelisano-taelo lipakeng tsa lihlooho tse lipakeng tsa lithuto tse lipakeng. Mohlomong banna ba banyane ba ka bona boitšoaro bo ithutoang ka tsela e fapaneng le eo re neng re ka e lebella ho tsoa thutong ea hajoale. Mohlala o moholo o ka lumella tlhahlobo e kholo ea litšebelisano ho bona hore na ke batho ba mofuta ofe ba ka bonang boitšoaro ba parasocial, haholoholo joalo ka ho hloka toka.
Tekanyetso e 'ngoe ea lithuto tsena e le hore boitšoaro bo bong le bo bong bo ile ba hlahlojoa ka tsela e le' ngoe. Leha sena se entsoe ho fokotsa bolelele ba lipatlisiso, lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang li ka tsepamisa maikutlo mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba kapa boits'oarong le ho lekola maikutlo a fapaneng a boits'oaro bona.
Kamora nako, maikutlo le boitšoaro ba boitšoaro ba mecha ea phatlalatso ea extradyadic le maikutlo a lerato a parasocial a kanna a fapana litsong tsohle. Ho ka etsahala hore ts'ebeliso e eketsehang ea mecha ea litaba le litaba tsa sechaba e ka eketsa ho hlaha ha boitšoaro bona, 'me ea ama moelelo o nkoang o le haufi le boits'oaro bona. Boithuto ba nako e tlang bo ka boela ba lekola ho hlaha hoa mecha ea litaba ea sechaba le ho se tšepahale ha paramente ho amanang le tšebeliso ea mecha ea phatlalatso, le mehlala ea batho ba litso tse fapaneng.
dithuso tsa ditjhelete [TOP]
Sengoli ha se na chelete ea ho fana ka tlaleho.
Lithahasello tse tsitsitseng [TOP]
Sengoli se phatlalalitse hore ha ho na lithahasello tse khahlisang.
lumela hore baa fokola [TOP]
Sengoli ha se na tšehetso ea ho tlaleha.
Ho amoheloa hoa melao ea boitšoaro [TOP]
Tsamaiso eohle e entsoeng lithutong tse kenyelletsang barupeluoa ba batho e ne e ipapisitse le litekanyetso tsa boitšoaro tsa Boto ea Thupelo ea Setheo le phatlalatso ea 1964 Helsinki le liphetoho tsa eona tsa morao-rao kapa litekanyetso tse tšoanang tsa boitšoaro.
Tlhaloso e tsebahalang e fumanoe ho bohle ba kenang thupelong.
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