Tšebelisano ea kelello bakeng sa ho lemalla thobalano - Tlhahlobo. (2018)

George, Manju, Shreemit Maheshwari, Suhas Chandran, Suman S. Rao, J. Shivanand Manohar, le TS Sathyanarayana Rao.

 

Koranta ea India ea Psychiatry 60, che. 8 (2018): 510.

inahaneloang

Bokhoba ba polelo ke polelo e sebelisitsoeng eseng feela bakeng sa ts'ebeliso e feteletseng ea lintho tse itseng, empa hape le bakeng sa boits'oaro ba bothata bo kang mathata a ho ja, papali ea methapo ea kelello, ho lemalla lithethefatsi ka k'homphieutha le ho ameha haholo ka lipapali tsa video le liketso tsa thobalano. Ha ho na tlhahlobo e hlakileng ea tlhahlobo e fumanoeng e na le bonnete ba litlolo tsa boitšoaro. Boqhekanyetsi ba thobalano, ho kenyelletsa le bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha bo kenyelelloe joalo ka setho se arohaneng ka lebaka la ho hloka bopaki bo matla ba 'nete sebakeng sena. Sekala se fapaneng se ka sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea bokhoba ba thobalano. Kaha ha ho na mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo e lekantsoeng, bohlokoa ba bonnete ba likala tsena bo belaelloa. Lipotso tse 'maloa tse sekaleng sena ha li fane ka leseli la hore na mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea tšoaetso e ea kopana kapa che. Pharmacotherapy, hammoho le psychotherapy li paka ho ba le phello e ntle ho bakuli ba joalo kaha e thusa ho kopanya karolo ea li-antecedents tsa nts'etsopele, ho fokotsa matšoenyeho a hona joale, khatello ea maikutlo, letsoalo le ho ntlafatsa phetoho ea sechaba.

Keywords: Ho lemalla boitšoaro, ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate, bokhoba ba marang-rang, ho kena lipakeng maikutlong

Tsela ea ho qotsa sehlooho sena:
George M, Maheshwari S, Chandran S, Rao SS, Manohar JS, Sathyanarayana Rao T S. Psychosocial kenelletse ho lemalla tlhekefetso ea thobalano. Indian J Psychiatry 2018; 60, Suppl S2: 510-3
Tsela ea ho qotsa URL:
George M, Maheshwari S, Chandran S, Rao SS, Manohar JS, Sathyanarayana Rao T S. Ho kenella kelellong bakeng sa bokhoba ba thobalano. Indian J Psychiatry [serial online] 2018 [e qotsitsoeng 2018 Feb 10]; 60, Suppl S2: 510-3. E fumaneha ho: http://www.indianjpsychiatry.org/text.asp?2018/60/8/510/224695

   Selelekela

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Tlatsetso e hlalosoa e le boemo ba mantlha le bo sa foleng ba boko bo tsosang moputso, khothalletso le potoloho e amanang le memori. American Society of Addiction Medicine e fane ka tlhaloso ena ka 2011 ho kenyelletsa lintho le boits'oaro.[1] Poleloana “bokhoba” hangata e sebelisoa ho ja lintho tse sa laoleheng tse kang lithethefatsi kapa joala, bokhoba ba thobalano, boits'oaro ba mathata a jwaloka mathata a ho ja, papali ea methapo ea methapo, ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea komporo le ho ameha haholo ka lipapali tsa video. Ntle le sena, lekhoba le leng le hlahang le amileng maikutlo haholo ke bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​bo amanang le ho senyeha hoa bophelo ba motho le kelello.[2] Motho ea latelang bophelo ba hae o latela moputso le / kapa ho imoloha ka tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi kapa boits'oaro bo bong bo bonts'a ho se sebetse hantle ho potolohileng moputso oa boko. Li-Beviviors tse ka amang mokokotlo oa moputso bokong ba batho li lebisa ho tahlehelo ea taolo le matšoao a mang a bokhoba, bonyane bathong ba bang. Boithuto bo bontšitse hore bokhobeng ba boits'oaro, lits'ebetso tse ka tlase tsa neural li ts'oana le bokhoba ba lithethefatsi.[3] Lingoloa tsa morao-rao le lipatlisiso li hatisa hore, e le ho etsa tlhahlobo ea ho lemala ha boitšoaro, litšitiso tse kholo li tlameha ho ba teng mosebetsing, likamanong tsa sechaba, kapa maemong a mang a bophelo. Litsebi tse ngata li lumela hore bokhoba ba boits'oaro bo ka fetoha feela (mohlala, thelevishene) kapa bo mafolofolo (mohlala lipapali tsa khomphutha), 'me hangata bo na le likarolo tsa ho kenyelletsa le tse matlafatsang tse ka tlatsetsang ho nts'etsapele mekhoa ea bokhoba.[4]

Ho ba teng ha bokhoba ba marang-rang ho qalile ho buelloa ke Ivan Goldberg, ngaka ea mafu a kelello ea New York ka 1995 mme polelo e joalo e ngotsoe ke Kimberly Young oa Univesithi ea Pittsburgh. Ho itšetleha ka marang-rang hangata ho hlalositsoe e le temallo ea boitšoaro, e sebetsang ka molao-motheo o fetotsoeng oa mefuta ea lithulusi tsa khale.[5] Mabitso 'Internet Addiction', 'Internet Addiction Disorder', 'Pathological Internet Use' le 'Compulsive Internet Use' kaofela li sebelisitsoe ho hlalosa mohopolo o tšoanang. Likampo tse peli li thehiloe sebakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa inthanete - 1. Ho lemalla marang-rang ho lokela ho theoa joalo ka lefu la mafu a kelello ka boyona. 2. Batho ba lemalloang ho sebelisa lithethefatsi Inthaneteng ba hlile ba ipapisitse le karolo e 'ngoe e khotsofatsang kapa tšebetso ea boitšoaro e amanang le ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang e ka bang teng lefatšeng la' nete, joalo ka boits'oaro kapa boits'oaro bo amanang le chelete kapa thobalano. Ke bafuputsi ba fokolang ba kileng ba belaella boteng ba bokhoba ba inthanete e le ntho e arohaneng kaha ho ntse ho sa hlaka hore na e itlhahisa ka bo eona, kapa e bakoa ke bokuli ba mafu a kelello bo kopaneng.[6]

Litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li boetse li nkoa e le mofuta o mong oa ho lemalla boitšoaro. Ho thoe ke sebaka sa pele sa bashanyana ho tseba ka thobalano le ho fihlela kutloisiso ea litakatso le litakatso tsa bona. Tlhahlobo e entsoeng 2004 ka MSNBC.com le makasine oa Elle li ithutile banna le basali ba 15,246. Ba fumane hore karolo ea boraro ea banna e boletse hore ba nkile lifilimi le livideo tse tsosang takatso marang-rang mme karolo ea 41% ea basali le eona e entse joalo. Litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li nkuoa li le joalo ka pele ebile li le bonolo. E fana ka setšabelo ho tloha ho mathata a thobalano ao bacha ba tobanang le ona lefatšeng la 'nete. Le basali le bona ba shebileng litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, tsela eo ba hahang litoro tsa bona tsa bophelo ba bona ba thobalano e ntse e fetoha haholo.[7] Ho entsoe lithuto tse ngata lefats'eng ka bophara mabapi le bongoana le bokhoba ba bootsoa.

   Mokhoa oa ho hlalosa tlhekefetso ea thobalano

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Tlatsetso ena ha e hlahe ho Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Dis shida (DSM) Khatiso ea bone, Text Revision kapa International Classization bakeng sa Mafu a 10 (ICD10): Ho hlalositsoe poleloana e pharaletseng ea "bokhoba ba thobalano", empa ha e lumellane ho mekhoa e fanoeng ke bafuputsi ba fapaneng.[1] Le leng la mabaka a mantlha DSM-5 e sa kenyelletsa bokhoba ba thobalano ke hore lipatlisiso tsa matla ha li na matla sebakeng sena. Ha ho so be le lipatlisiso tsa boemeli ba naha ho sebelisa mekhoa e netefalitsoeng. E ts'oanang le Marang-rang a Lipapatso tsa Lipapatso tsa Marang-rang ao hona joale a kenyellelitsoeng ho sehlomathiso sa DSM-5, tlatsetso ea thobalano e ke ke ea kenyelletsoa ho fihlela ho fumanoe data ea bohlokoa mabapi le likarolo tse hlalosang, ho tšepahala le ho nepahala ha litekanyetso le litekanyetso tsa ho ata tsa lefatše. Bafuputsi ba na le tumelo ea hore, le ha tlhekefetso ea thobalano e ka qetella e fetohile mekhatlong ea nakong e tlang ea DSM, e tla ba e 'ngoe ea likarolo tse ka tlase tsa mathata a tlhekefetso ea inthanete ho fapana le ho ba karolo e arohaneng.[8]

Tekanyetso ea tlhahlobo ea tlhekefetso ea thobalano[9]

A. Bonyane mekhoa e meraro e fihletsoeng nakong ea likhoeli tse 12:

  1. Ho sitoa ho hanela litšusumetso tsa ho etsa thobalano e itseng.
  2. Ho kopanela khafetsa ho boits'oaro bona ho isa boholeng bo boholo kapa bolelele bo fetang bo boletsoeng.
  3. Takatso e sa feleng kapa boiteko bo sa atleheng ba ho emisa, ho fokotsa, kapa ho laola boits'oaro.
  4. Nako e ngata e sebelisoang ho fumana thobalano, ho ba le thobalano kapa ho hlaphoheloa liphihlelong tsa thobalano.
  5. Ho itšunya-tšunya pele ke boitšoaro kapa mesebetsi ea ho itokisa.
  6. Ho etsa khafetsa boits'oarong ha ho lebelletsoe ho phethahatsa boikarabelo ba hau mosebetsing, lithutong, malapeng kapa sechabeng.
  7. Tsoelo-pele ea boitšoaro le ha o e-na le tsebo ea ho ba le bothata bo phehellang kapa bo etsahalang sechabeng, ba lichelete, ba kelello kapa ba mmele bo bakang kapa bo mpefatsang ketso eo.
  8. Tlhokahalo ea ho eketsa botebo, maqhubu, palo, kapa kotsi ea boits'oaro ho fihlela sephetho se lakatsehang kapa sephetho se fokotsehileng ka boits'oaro bo tsoelang pele boemong bo ts'oanang, maqhubu, palo, kapa kotsi.
  9. Ho fana kapa ho fokotsa lits'ebeletso tsa boithabiso, tsa mosebetsi kapa tsa boithabiso.
  10. Matšoenyeho, matšoenyeho, ho hloka phomolo, kapa ho teneha ha o sa khone ho etsa boits'oaro.

B. E na le litlamorao tse kholo tsa botho le tsa kahisano (joalo ka ho lahleheloa ke molekane, mosebetsi, kapa litlamorao tsa molao).

Litekanyetso tsa tlhahlobo ea bokhoba ba litekanyetso tsa boitshwaro joalo ka ha ho hlahisitsoe ke Goodman 1990 ka sebopeho se ts'oanang le DSM III R:[10]

  1. Ho sitoa ho hanela tšusumetso ea ho etsa boitsoaro bo boletsoeng.
  2. Ho eketsa tsitsipano ea maikutlo hanghang pele a qala boitšoaro.
  3. Ho khahlisa kapa ho imoloha nakong ea ho etsa boitšoaro.
  4. Boikutlo ba ho hloka taolo ha o ntse o etsa boitšoaro.
  5. Bonyane tse hlano ho tse latelang: (1) ho ikamahanya le maemo ka tloaelo eo kapa ka ketsahalo e lokiselitseng boitšoaro (2) ho etsa boitšoaro khafetsa kapa ho feta nako e teletsana ho feta kamoo ho reriloeng (3) maiteko a ho boela a ho fokotsa , laola kapa ho emisa boits'oaro (4) nako e ngata e sebelisoang mesebetsing e hlokahalang bakeng sa boitšoaro, ho etsa boitšoaro kapa ho hlaphoheloa liphellong tsa eona (5) ho etsa khafetsa molemong oa boitšoaro ha ho lebelletsoe ho etsa mosebetsi, thuto, lapeng kapa sechabeng boitlamo (6) mesebetsi ea bohlokoa sechabeng, mosebetsing kapa boithabisong bo fanoeng kapa bo fokotsehile ka lebaka la boitsoaro (7) ho tsoela pele ha boitšoaro ho sa na le tsebo ea ho ba le bothata bo phehellang kapa bo sa khaotseng sechabeng, ba lichelete, ba kelello kapa ba mmele bo bakang kapa bo mpefatsang ketso eo (8) mamello: tlhoko ea ho eketsa botebo kapa boits'oaro ba boitšoaro ho fihlela sepheo se lakatsehang kapa sephetho se fokotsehileng ka boits'oaro bo tsoelang pele ba t. o matla haholo (9) ho hloka botsitso kapa ho teneha haeba a sa khone ho etsa joalo.
  6. (F) Matšoao a mang a pherekano a ntse a le teng bonyane khoeli e le 'ngoe, kapa a bile teng khafetsa ka nako e telele ho feta.

Matšoao a 'mele a bokhoba ba lithethefatsi a le sieo litlamong tsa boitšoaro. E 'ngoe ea lintho tse tlisoang ke tlhekefetso ea boitšoaro ke ho ba teng ha li-psychopathologies tse joalo ka khatello ea maikutlo, ts'ebeliso ea lintho kapa ho tlosoa, le matšoenyeho a sechaba hammoho le ho hloka tšehetso ea sechaba.[11]

Bophahamo ba Bothata

Ka 2007, China e ile ea qala ho thibela ts'ebeliso ea papali ea likhomphutha: melao ea hajoale e nyahamisa lihora tse fetang tse 3 tsa ts'ebeliso ea papali ea letsatsi le letsatsi. E sebelisa data ho tloha 2006, mmuso oa Korea Boroa o hakanyetsa hore bana ba 210,000 ba sehlopheng sa lilemo tse 6-19 ba amehile mme ba hloka kalafo. 80% ea ba hlokang kalafo ba ka hloka meriana ea psychotropic, 'me mohlomong 20-24% e hloka ho kenngoa sepetlele. Kaha ka kakaretso seithuti sa sekolo se phahameng sa Korea Boroa se qeta lihora tse 23 e bapala lipapali tse ngata beke le beke, ho lumeloa hore tse ling tse limilione tse 1.2 li kotsing ea ho lemalla le ho hloka tlhabollo ea mantlha.[12] Lingaka li tšoenyeha ka palo e ntseng e eketseha ea batho ba tlohelang sekolo, ho sebeletsa ho qeta nako lik'homphieutheng kapa ho kena mathateng a molao. Ho tloha ka Pherekhong 2007, Korea Boroa e koetlisitse baeletsi ba 1,043 kalafo ea ho lemalla bokhoba ba marang-rang le ho kena lipetlele le litsi tsa kalafo tse fetang 190. Bongata ba makhoba ana a kena likamanong tsa cyber le cybersex.[13] Ho latela liphuputso tse entsoeng har'a baahi ba US, ho ile ha fumaneha hore temallo ea Thobalano e ne e le teng ka 3%, ho lemalla lithethefatsi ho 3%, le ho lemalla litheko ho 6% hara palo eohle ea batho. Naheng ea India, tlhahlobo e tšehelitsoeng ka lichelete ea ICMR e bonts'itse temallo ea lijo (1.6%; 2% e banna le basali ba basali ba 1.2%), tlhekefetso ea mabenkele (4%; monna-3.2% le mosali-4.8%), temallo ea thobalano (2%; 0.3% e motona le e motšehali). Basali ba 0.1%) le ts'ebetso ea boikoetliso (5.6%; banna ba 7.5% le basali ba 3.8%).[14]

Mohlala oa boithuto o nang le likarolo tse 987 tsa baithuti ba fapaneng ba toropo ea Mumbai o ile oa etsoa mme baithuti ba lekoa ka proforma e hahiloeng ka mokhoa o ikhethileng le The Internet Addiction Test (IAT; Young, 1998). Ho bacha ba 987 ba nkileng karolo thutong, ba 681 (68.9%) e ne e le basali 'me ba 306 (31.1%) e le banna. Kakaretso, basebelisi ba ka bang 74.5% e ne e le ba itekanetseng (ka karolelano). Sebelisa litekanyetso tsa mantlha tsa Young, 0.7% e fumanoe e le makhoba. Ba nang le ts'ebeliso e fetelletseng ea inthanete ba ne ba na le lintlha tse ngata tsa khatello ea maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo le khatello ea maikutlo[15]

Lisebelisoa tse hlahlobang

Sekala se fapaneng se ka sebelisoang ho lekola bokhoba ba thobalano se kenyeletsa:

Teko ea tlhahlobo ea bokhoba ba thobalano

Sekhahla sa khatello ea thobalano

invent Moralo oa ho ts'epa botona le botšehali - o ntlafalitsoe

Lenaneo la thobalano le lemosa potso e sa tsejoeng

tlhahlobo ea boitšoaro e tlamang ea thobalano

Kaha ha ho na mokhoa oa tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo o khethiloeng, bohlokoa ba bonnete ba likala tsena bo belaelloa. Tse ngata tsa lipotso tse sekeng sena ha li fane ka leseli la hore na mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea tšoaetso e ea kopana kapa che.

Sekhahla sa tlhekefetso ea thobalano se sebelisoa hangata haholo ho hlafuna boteng ba bokhoba ba thobalano. E kenyelletsa likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa bokhoba ba taolo (taolo e senyehileng le litlamorao tse mpe). Ke sekala sa lintho tse 10 se tsoang ho 1-4. Boleng bo felisitsoeng ke 24.[16]

Management

Phekolo ea pharmacological e na le molemo o itekanetseng le o tšoarellang ha nako e telele. Maikutlo a setsebi sa morao-rao ke hore motsoako oa pharmacotherapy le psychotherapy ke leano le nepahetseng la taolo ea mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa temallo ea boitšoaro.

θ Pharmacotherapy e kenyelletsa 1. Li-endocrinological agents: Anti androgenslike Medroxy progesterone acetate e sebetsang ka ho thibela testosterone reductase. Sena se sebelisoa ho Paraphilias hape. Ntle le moo litlhare tsena li fokotsa boits'oaro ba thobalano le boits'oaro bo mabifi. Lik'hemik'hale tse ling tsa litlhare li kenyelletsa Cyproterone acetate, Analogs of GNRH (leuprolide acetate) le liofisiri tse amanang le taolo joalo ka li-SSRI's, TCA's, lithium, carbamazepine, buspirone. Baemeli bana ba na le sekhahla se nepahetseng sa karabelo sa 50-90%. Ba fokotsa ts'ebetso ea boits'oaro bo feteletseng ntle le ho fokotsa drive ea boits'oaro bo botle. Li boetse li baka ho fokotseha ha makhotla a batho ba lemaletseng takatso ea thobalano, ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​athe ha e na tšusumetso e kholo mekhoeng e arohaneng ea thobalano.[17]

E seng ea Bongaka:

Psychodynamic psychotherapy e thusa ho kopanya karolo ea bohanyetsi ba nts'etsopele, ho fokotsa matšoenyeho a hona joale, khatello ea maikutlo, letsoalo le molato le ho ntlafatsa phetoho ea sechaba. Ha ho na bopaki ba sena e le kalafo e le mong. Ho fetisetsa sehlopheng sa ho ithusa ke mofuta o mong oa kalafo o amoheloang hangata o amanang le sephetho se atlehileng. E ntlafalitsoe ka Mehato e 12 'me e na le phello e matla molemong oa ho hlaphoheloa.[18] Mofuta oa thibelo ea ho oela hape le mekhoa ea ho ithuta ea boits'oaro le boithuto sechabeng hangata li sebelisoa mererong e khethehileng ea kalafo ea litlolo tsa thobalano United States le Canada. Ha ho na data e phatlalalitsoeng mabapi le mokhoa ona o felletseng oa ho phekola bokhoba ba thobalano.

Nyane o hlalosa mekhoa e supileng e ka sebetsanang le temallo ea inthanete, eo mekhoa ea eona ea pele e meraro e leng taolo ea nako. Mekhoa ena e rarollotsoe ka botlalo sehloohong se buang ka temallo ea theknoloji.[19]

Orzack le Orzack ba hlahisitse maano a mabeli bakeng sa kalafo. 1) Phekolo ea Boitšoaro e Utloahalang e kenyelletsang ntlafatso ea kelello mabapi le lits'ebetso tsa marang-rang tseo motho ka mong a li sebelisang khafetsa, boikoetliso ba boits'oaro bo botle ba boikoetliso boo motho a lulang ho eena ntle le tumello a ntseng a eketseha. 2) Phekolo ea ntlafatso ea khothalletso: E lumella ba lemaletseng le lingaka tsa bona hore li sebelisane 'moho le merero ea kalafo le ho ipehela lipheo tse ka fihlellang. E hloka mokhoa oa ho hloka setsoalle mme e nkuoa e le ncha.[20]

Ho na le liphekolo tse ngata tsa kelello tse kang Ts'ebetso ea Tsebo ea Maemo a Mangata (Multi-Counselling Programme (MLC)) bokhoba.[21]

   fihlela qeto e

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Ho eketseha ha marang-rang ke bacha lilemong ho thehile menyetla e neng e sa lebelloa ea thuto ea thobalano, ho ithuta le kholo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, e boetse e lebisitse ho hlaheng ha boits'oaro bo fapaneng bo ntseng bo tiisa moputso khafetsa; tšusumetso le ho potoloha ka hlooho ke karolo ea lefu la bokhoba ba tahi. E 'ngoe ea lithibelo tse joalo tsa boits'oaro ke ho kenyelletsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Patlisiso e fana ka maikutlo a hore bacha ba sebelisang litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, haholo-holo tse fumanehang marang-rang, ba na le maemo a tlase a kopaneng sechabeng, keketseho ea mathata a boits'oaro, maemo a phahameng a boitšoaro bo hlephileng, liketsahalo tse phahameng tsa matšoao a sithabetsang, le ho fokotsa tlamahano ea maikutlo. le bahlokomeli. Phekolo ea bokhoba ba thobalano e na le mathata a eona a ikhethang ao litsebi tse ngata tsa bokhoba ba bongaka le lingaka tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello bo ka a hlokomolohang haeba li ne li se na boiphihlelo bo boholo ba ho phekola lefu lena. Le ha ho na le bofokoli lipalo tsa lithuto mabapi le sephetho sa kalafo, ho bonoa hore motsoako oa pharmacotherapy hammoho le psychotherapy o na le phello e ntle ea ho thibela ho khutla ho bakuli bana.

Ts'ehetso ea lichelete le tšehetso

Nil.

Likhohlano tsa thahasello

Ha ho lintoa tse thahasellisang.

 

   References Top
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[PUBMED]  [Mongolo o felletseng]  
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