Tlhakisetso ea botona le botšehali, ho qobelloa, le ho ts'oaroa ke sampole hangata ho basali ba baholo ba sebelisang marang-rang bakeng sa thobalano (2020)

LIPOTSO: Lihlooho tsa lithuto li alima ts'ehetso ea mofuta ona oa ho lemalla. Qeto:

Matšoao a shebelletseng a tlatselletsang tšebelisanong le lithethefatsi tsa thobalano ho batho ba sebelisang inthanete ho fumana balekane ba thobalano. Ho ts'oaroa ke thobalano le mathata a thobalano a inthaneteng a kentse letsoho litekanyetsong tsa bokhoba ba thobalano. Lithuto tsena li tšehetsa taba ea hore temallo ea thobalano e holim'a tekano e sa qobelloang mme e ka nkoa e le lemallo la boitšoaro.

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Leqephe la Likhatiso tsa Boitšoaro

Buka / Taba: Buka ea 9: Taba ea 1

Bangoli: Gal Levi 1, Chen Cohen 1, Sigal Kaliche 1, Sagit Sharaabi 1, Koby Cohen 1, Dana Tzur-Bitan 1 le Aviv Weinstein 1

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00007

inahaneloang

Ka morao le sepheo

Boitšoaro bo matla ba thobalano bo khetholloa ka boitšoaro bo fetelletseng ba thobalano le boiteko bo sa atleheng ba ho laola boitšoaro bo feteletseng ba thobalano. Morero oa lithuto e ne e le ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa ho qobella ho tšoenyeha, ho tšoenyeha le khatello ea maikutlo le ho kena-kenana le mathata a tlisoang ke thobalano le batho ba baholo ba sebelisang marang-rang ho fumana balekane le ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa marang-rang.

mekhoa

Boithuto ba 1- 177- 143 bo kenyelletsang basali ba 32.79 M = 9.52 lilemo (SD = 32), le banna ba 30.18 M = lilemo tse 10.79 (SD = 2). Teko ea Tlhahlobo ea Thobalano ka Thobalano (SAST), Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Spielberger Trait-State Anxcare Inventory (STAI-T STAI-S) le Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Boithuto ba 139- 98 ba kenyelletsang basali ba 24 M = lilemo tse 5 (SD = 41) le banna ba 25 M = lilemo tse 4 (SD = XNUMX). Potso ea lipotso tse potlakisang (BIS / BAS), Litaba tse amanang le thobalano tse fumanehang marang-rang (s-IAT-thobalano) le Teko ea Tlhatlhobo ea Thobalano ka Thobalano (SAST).

Results

Boithuto ba 1 bo ithutoang ka makhetlo a mangata bo bontšitse hore mohlala o kenyelletseng lintlha tsa BDI, Y-BOCS, le li-STAI li kentse letsoho phapusing ea litekanyetso tsa bokhoba ba thobalano, mme a hlalosa 33.3% ea phapano eo. Boithuto ba 2- Ts'ebetso ea maemo a mangata a hlalositsoeng e bonts'itse hore BIS / BAS le lintlha tsa sAT-IAT li kentse letsoho phapusing ea litheko tsa bootsoa, ​​mme li hlalositse 33% ea phapang eo.

Puisano le liqeto

Matšoao a shebelletseng a tlatselletsang tšebelisanong le lithethefatsi tsa thobalano ho batho ba sebelisang inthanete ho fumana balekane ba thobalano. Ho ts'oaroa ke thobalano le mathata a thobalano a inthaneteng a kentse letsoho litekanyetsong tsa bokhoba ba thobalano. Lithuto tsena li tšehetsa taba ea hore temallo ea thobalano e holim'a tekano e sa qobelloang mme e ka nkoa e le lemallo la boitšoaro.

Selelekela

Tlhekefetso ea thobalano e tsejoang hape ka hore ke boitšoaro bo hatellang ba thobalano (CSBD) e tšoauoa ka boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano le boiteko bo sa atleheng ba ho laola boitšoaro bo feteletseng ba thobalano. Ke boemo ba methapo bo nang le litlamorao tse qobelloang, tsa kelello le tsa maikutlo (Karila le al., 2014; Weinstein, Zolek, Babkin, Cohen, & Lejoyeux, 2015).

Hona le litlhaloso tse 'maloa tsa bokhoba ba thobalano. Goodman (1992) e hlalositse bokhoba ba botona le botšehali e le ho sitoa ho hanela litakatso tsa thobalano. Bonyane e 'ngoe ea tse latelang ke mofuta oa boitšoaro bo joalo: ho tloaela ho etsa thobalano e ratoang ke lintho tse ling, ho hloka botsitso ha ho sa khonehe ho etsa ketso ea thobalano le ho mamella boitšoaro bona. Matšoao a lokela ho lula khoeli kapa a ikhutse kamora nako e telele (Zapf, Greiner, le Carroll, 2008). Mick le Hollander (2006) ba hlalositse bokhoba ba thobalano e le mokhoa o qobelloang le o sa qobelloang oa ho etsa thobalano empa Khafetsa (2010) e hlalositse tlhekefetso ea thobalano e le boitšoaro bo bobe ba botona le botšehali e leng boitšoaro bo fetang bo tloaelehileng bo khetholloang ka ho se emise boitšoaro ba thobalano le ha ho na le litlamorao tse mpe sechabeng le mosebetsing. Ha re sheba litlhaloso tse 'maloa tsa bokhoba ba thobalano, e' ngoe ea liphephetso ke ho fumana hore na tlhekefetso ea thobalano ke eng. Hypersexourse e na le mathata kaha boholo ba bakuli ha ba utloe eka ts'ebetso ea bona kapa litakatso tsa bona tsa thobalano li kaholimo. Taba ea bobeli, poleloana e ea khelosa kaha boitšoaro bo qobelloang ke thobalano e bakoa ke takatso ea thobalano kapa takatso mme e se ka takatso e ikhethileng ea thobalano mme qetellong, boitšoaro bo qobelloang ba thobalano bo ka hlaha ka mekhoa e fapaneng e sa tlameheng ho lumellana le tlhaloso ena (Hall, 2011).

Khatiso ea bohlano ea Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-IV) e shebile kenyelletso ea tlhekefetso ea thobalano empa e hlile e e lahlile (APA, 2013). Hajoale, e ntse e le phehisano ea hore na boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano ke tlhekefetso kapa tlhekefetso.

Ho latela ICD-11 ka Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo (2018) Bothata ba boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate bo tšoauoa ka mokhoa o sa khaotseng oa ho hloleha ho laola litabatabelo tse matla tse pheta-phetoang tsa thobalano tse bakang boits'oaro bo pheta-phetoang ba thobalano. Ka hona, matšoao a lefu lena a kenyelletsa ho pheta-pheta liketso tsa thobalano tse bakang khatello e kholo ea kelello mme qetellong li lematsa bophelo bo botle ba 'mele le kelello ho sa natsoe boiteko bo atlehileng ba ho fokotsa litabatabelo le boits'oaro bo pheta-phetoang ba thobalano.

Ho lemalla thobalano ho kotsi ho motho ka mekhoa e mengata mme ho ama metsoalle, lelapa le khotsofalo ea bophelo (Zapf, Greiner, le Carroll, 2008). Batho ba nang le ts'ebetso ea thobalano e qobelloang (CSBD) ba sebelisa mekhoa e fapaneng ea thobalano e kenyelletsang ts'ebeliso e feteletseng ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​libaka tsa ho qoqa le cybersex ho Internet (Rosenberg, Carnes le O'Connor, 2014; Weinstein, et al., 2015). CSBD ke ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea methapo e nang le litšobotsi tse qobelloang, tse hlokolosi le tsa maikutlo (Fattore, Melis, Fadda, & Fratta, 2014). Ntho e qobelloang e kenyelletsa ho batla balekane ba bacha ba thobalano, khafetsa khafetsa ea likamano tsa botona le botšehali, ho ipholla litho ka thobalano, tšebeliso e tloaelehileng ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, thobalano e sa sireletsehang, ts'ebetso e fokolang le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi. Karolo ea kelello e kenyelletsang mehopolo e hlephileng ka thobalano, maikutlo a molato, tlhoko ea ho qoba mehopolo e sa thabiseng, bolutu, boitšepo bo tlase, lihlong le ho boloka sephiri ka ts'ebetso ea thobalano, mabaka a mabapi le ho tsoela pele ka ts'ebetso ea thobalano, khetho ea bong bo sa tsejoeng, le ho haella ha thobalano. taolo likarolong tse 'maloa tsa bophelo (Weinstein, et al., 2015).

Ho ba teng ha CSBD le litumelo tse ling ho fana ka maikutlo a hore mathata ana a arolelana mekhoa ea tlhaho, joalo ka lintho tse amanang le methapo le maikutlo (joalo ka litšobotsi tsa botho, bofokoli ba kelello kapa leeme) (Goodman, 2008). Likoloi, Murray, le Charpentier (2005) ba tlalehile hore boholo ba sampole ea 1,603 e nang le CSBD e tlalehile bophelo bo atileng ba litloaelo tse ling tsa tlhekefetso le tlhekefetso tse kang tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi, papali ea chelete, kapa mathata a ho ja. Phuputso ea ba bechang ea pathological e fumane hore 19.6% ea mehlala ea bona e boetse e fihletse litekanyetso tsa boitšoaro bo qobelloang ba thobalano (CSB) (Grant & Steinberg, 2005). Bongata ba batho ba ileng ba fihlela mekhoa ea mathata ana ka bobeli ba tlalehile hore CSBD e ile ea tla pele ho mathata a bona a papali ea chelete.

CSBD joalo ka litekanyetso tse ling tsa boits'oaro bo oela letlalong la boits'oaro bo susumetsang bo susumetsang le bo sa susumetseng (Grant, Potenza, Weinstein, & Gorelick, 2010; Raymond le al. 2003) ba khothalelitse mohopolo oa boitšoaro bo qobelloang ba thobalano (CSB) mme ba pheha khang ea hore ho tšoana le OCD. Mick le Hollander (2006) ba totobalitse bohlokoa ba tšebelisano-kholo lipakeng tsa CSBD le OCD mme ba khothalelitse kalafo le Selection Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) mmoho le boits'oaro ba kelello bakeng sa pherekano ena. Ho na le bopaki bo bong ba hore CSBD e na le letsoalo le nang le matšoenyeho le khatello ea maikutlo (Bancroft le Vukadinovic, 2004; Klontz, Garos, & Klontz, 2005; Weiss, 2004). Phuputso e sa tsoa etsoa e lekotse likarolo tsa ho hloka botsitso le ho qobelloa ho CSBD mohlaleng o moholo oa sechaba (Bőthe, Koós, Tóth-Király, Orosz, le Demetrovics 2019a, b). Ba fumane hore ho susumetsoa le ho qobelloa ho ne ho le bobebe ho amanang le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hara banna le basali, ka ho fapana. Ntle le moo, ho nkeha maikutlo ho ne ho e-na le kamano e matla le hypersexourse ho feta ho tlamahana le banna le basali ka ho latellana. Bangoli ba pheha khang ho latela liphetho tsa bona hore ho susumetsoa le ho qobelloa ho ke ke ha kenya letsoho haholo ts'ebelisong e litšila ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​empa ho susumetsa ho ka bapala karolo e hlahelletseng ho ts'ebetsong ea boitšoaro bo bobe ho feta ts'ebelisong e litšila ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Phuputso e tsoelang pele e hakantse le ho ata ha CSBD ka har'a sehlopha se seholo sa bakuli ba nang le OCD (Ho ngangisana, Briken, Stein, & Lochner, 2019). Phuputso e bontšitse hore bophelo bo atileng ba CSBD e ne e le 5.6% ho bakuli ba nang le OCD ea hona joale mme ba phahame haholo ho banna ho feta basali. CSBD ho OCD e ne e ka kopana hangata le maemo a mang a ho hlaseloa habonolo, a khatello e matla, le taolo ea ts'usumetso, empa eseng ka mathata ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi kapa boits'oaro bo bobebe. Ho fumana sena ho ts'ehetsa conceptualization ea CSBD e le bokuli bo qobelloang.

Ka lebaka la likhang mabapi le tlhahlobo ea CSBD e le tšibollo ea boits'oaro bo botle kapa tlhekefetso e bonts'ang ho bohlokoa ho ithuta ka mokhoa o hlakileng oa CSBD le OCD, khatello ea maikutlo le matšoenyeho ho batho ba nang le CSBD ba sebelisang mecha ea litaba e tsebahalang ea inthanete ho fumana. balekane ba thobalano. Haufinyane ho na le ts'ebeliso e ntseng e eketseha ea likopo tsa marang-rang tse sebelisoang marang-rang ka lifono tse bohlale bakeng sa thobalano, e le sethala sa ho fumana balekane ba thobalano.Zlot, Goldstein, Cohen, & Weinstein, 2018). Re bontšitse thutong e fetileng hore har'a ba sebelisang likopo tsa ho ts'oara ho fumana balekane ba thobalano, matšoenyeho a sechaba ho fapana le ho batla maikutlo kapa bong ke ntho e ka sehloohong e amang ts'ebeliso ea lits'ebeliso tsa marang-rang tsa marang-rang tsa ho fumana balekane ba thobalano (Zlot et al., 2018). Ntle le moo, re fuputse boikhathatso le mathata a marang-rang a litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso tseo e leng litšobotsi tsa boitšoaro bo tlatsetsang, har'a bongata bona ho lekola hore na CSBD e ka nkuoa e le tšibollo ea boitšoaro.

Morero oa thuto ea pele e ne e le ho hlahloba hore na ho ts'oenyeha, khatello ea maikutlo le ho tšoenyeha ka kakaretso (boemo kapa tšobotsi) li kenya letsoho ho fapana ha litekanyetso tsa CSBD har'a ba sebelisang inthanete ho fumana balekane ba thobalano. E ipapisitse le lithuto tse fetileng (Bancroft le Vukadinovic, 2004; Bőthe et al., 2019a, b; Mick & Hollander, 2006; Klontz, Garos, & Klontz, 2005; Weiss, 2004) ho ne ho nahanoa hore khatello ea maikutlo le khatello ea maikutlo li tla lumellana hantle le mehato ea CSBD le hore boholo ba phello bo tla ba kholo. Morero oa thuto ea bobeli e ne e le ho hlahloba hore na ho se be teng, ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso e kenya letsoho phapusing ea CSBD. E ipapisitse le lithuto tse fetileng (Bőthe et al., 2019a, b; Fattore, Melis, Fadda, & Fratta, 2014; Kraus, Martino, & Potenza 2016; Rosenberg, Carnes, & O'Connor, 2014; Weinstein et al., 2015) ho ne ho nahanoa hore ts'usumetso le mathata a thobalano a marang-rang a tla lumellana hantle le mehato ea CSBD le hore boholo ba phello bo tla ba kholo. Kamora nako, khopolo-taba ea bohlokoa e ileng ea fuputsoa ke Stack, Wasserman, le Kern (2004) ke hore batho ba nang le maqhama a matla ho sechaba se tloaelehileng ba tla fokola ho feta ba bang ho sebelisa thobalano e nang le mathata inthaneteng. Ka hona, batho ba masoha ba lebelletsoe ho nka karolo haholoanyane liketsong tse amanang le thobalano tse fumanehang marang-rang le boitšoaro bo qobelloang ho tsa thobalano ho feta balekane. Ka hona ho ile ha nahanoa hore barupeluoa ba se nang balekane ba ka fumana maemo a phahame ho feta ho barupeluoa ba lenyalong ka mehato ea mathata a ho etsa thobalano marang-rang le CSBD.

Ithute 1

mekhoa

barupeluoa ba

Barupeluoa ba lekholo le mashome a supileng a metso e mehlano ba bolela lilemo tse 33.3 (SD = 9.78) ba ile ba ngolisoa thupelong. Mekhoa ea ho kenyelletsoa e ne e le banna le basali ba lilemo tse 20 ho65 ba sebelisang inthanete ka kotloloho ho fumana balekane. Ho bile le basali ba 143 (82%) le banna ba 32 (18%) mohlaleng. Nako ea basali e ne e le lilemo tse 33.89 (SD = 9.52) mme ho banna e ne e le lilemo tse 30.52 (SD = 10.79). Karolo e kholo ea sampole ea hajoale e ne e na le thuto kapa maemo a lekanang a thuto (70.2%) mme sampole eo e ne e na le bonyane lilemo tse 12 tsa ho ithuta. Ntle le moo, karolo e nyane ea bankakarolo e ne e sa sebetse (9%), boholo ba barupeluoa ba ne ba sebetsa mesebetsing ea nakoana (65%) kapa mesebetsing ea nako e felletseng (26%). Boholo ba sampole e ne e le balekane (45%), ba bang ba ne ba sa nyaloa (25%) kapa kamanong (20%). Boholo ba mehlala e ne e lula toropong (82%) mme ba fokolang ba ne ba lula mahaeng (18%). Barupeluoa ha baa fumana matšeliso bakeng sa ho nka karolo thutong.

Mehato

Potso ea lipalo tsa batho

Potso ea demographic e kenyelletsa lintho tsa thobalano, lilemo, maemo a lenyalo, mofuta oa bophelo, tumelo, thuto, mosebetsi.

The Spielberger Trait and State Anxcare Inventory (STAI)

STAI (Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, le Jacobs 1983) e na le lintho tse 40, matšoenyeho a 20 a boits'oaro, le lintho tse 20 tse tšoenyehileng tsa mmuso. Lipalo tse boholo ba Likert li tloha ho 1 "ho hang" ho isa ho 4 "li lumellana haholo." Potso e ne e netefalitsoe ka mokhoa o hlakileng oa Cronbach α = 0.83 ea Spielberger State le α = 0.88 bakeng sa Traielberger Trait (Spielberger et al., 1983). Thutong ea rona leqephe la lipotso tsa STAI le ne le na le tšubuhlellano ea kahare ea Cronbach ea α = 0.95 mme lenane la lipotso la STAI-t le ne le ts'epahala kahare ho Cronbach's α = 0.93.

Lenane la Beck Depression (BDI)

BDI (Beck et al., 1988) ke lethathamo la litekanyetso tse ikemetseng tse lekanyang litšobotsi le matšoao a khatello ea maikutlo (Beck, Ward, & Mendelson, 1961). Moralo ona o kenyelletsa lintho tse 21, ntho e 'ngoe le e ngoe e lekantsoe ka tekanyo ho tloha ho 0 ho isa ho 4 mme lintlha kaofela li kopantsoe ka ho akaretsa lintho. BDI e bonts'a maemo a phahameng a kahare, le Cronbach ea kahare e lumellanang α = 0.86 le 0.81 bakeng sa baahi ba mafu a kelello le bao eseng ba kelello "Beck et al., 1988). Thutong ena, BDI e ne e e-na le tumellano ea kahare ea Cronbach ea α = 0.87.

Yale-Brown Oa Sebetsana le Maemo a Ts'oarelletsang (YBOCS-)

YBOCS (Goodman et al., 1989) e na le lintho tse 10 ka sekala sa Likert ho tloha ho "taolo e felletseng" ho isa ho 1 "ho se nang taolo." Potso e ne e netefalitsoe ka mokhoa o hlakileng oa Cronbach α = 0.89 (Goodman et al., 1989). Phuputsong ea rona, potso e nang le tšubuhlellano e ka hare ea Cronbach ea α = 0.9.

Teko ea Teko ea Thobalano ka Thobalano (SAST) (Metsoana, 1991)

TS'ELISO (Metsoana, 1991) ke lintho tse 25 tsa bokhoba ba ho lemalla thobalano. Lintho tse ho SAST ke dichotomous le mamello ea ntho e hlahisang keketseho ka e le 'ngoe ea lintlha tsohle. Score tse kaholimo ho tse tšeletseng li bonts'a boitšoaro bo hokahantsoeng, 'me kakaretso ea 13 kapa ho feta LINTHONG tsa BOPHELO e hlahisa 95% lebelo le nepahetseng la temallo ea thobalano (ke hore, monyetla oa 5% kapa o tlase oa ho tsebahatsa motho ka mokhoa o fosahetseng e le lekhoba la thobalano) (Metsoana, 1991). Potso e netefalitsoe ke Hook, Hook, Davis, Worthington, le Penberthy (2010) e bonts'a Cronbach's α tumellano ea 0.85-0.95. Thutong ea rona ho ne ho na le ea Cronbach α ea 0.80. SAST ha e netefatsoe ho hlahisa tlhahisoleseling efe kapa efe, mme e sebelisitsoe e le phapang e tsoelang pele empa eseng bakeng sa ho khetholla batho ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate. Lipampiri tsa lipotso li ne li le ka puo ea Sehebera 'me li ne li netefalitsoe lithutong tse fetileng.

Tsamaiso

Lipampiri tsa lipotso li ile tsa phatlalatsoa marang-rang marang-rang le liforong tse neng li reretsoe ho laetsana le ho etsa thobalano ("Tinder," "okcupid," "gdate," "gflix," and many). Barupeluoa ba ile ba araba lipotso inthaneteng. Barupeluoa ba ile ba tsebisoa hore thuto e etsa lipatlisiso mabapi le bokhoba ba thobalano le hore lipotso li tla lula li sa tsejoe ka sepheo sa ho etsa lipatlisiso.

Tlhahlobo ea lipalo le ya data

Tlhahlobo ea sephetho e entsoe ho Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY, USA).

Bakeng sa ho hlahloba litšobotsi tsa sampole ho ile ha etsoa tlhahlobo ea pele ea litekanyetso tsa bokhoba ba thobalano. Mekhoa ea tlhekefetso ea thobalano ha e atisoe hangata hara setjhaba ka kakaretso; ka hona phetoho ea LAN e ne e kopantsoe le mefuta-futa ea bokhoba ba ho etsa thobalano, litekanyetso tsa ho skewness (S = 0.04, SE = 0.18) le kurtosis (K = -0.41, SE = 0.37) li bontšitse kabo e tloaelehileng. Kaha liphetho li ne li ts'oana ka mehato e fetotsoeng le ea mantlha, liphetho tsa data ea mantlha li tlalehiloe. Kamora moo, tlhahlobo e tsoelang pele ea likamano tse bonolo e ile ea hlahlojoa lipakeng tsa mehato e fetelletseng ea khatello ea maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo le matšoenyeho sampoleng eohle le ho banna le basali ka thoko. Kamora nako, tlatsetso ea litekanyetso tse tlamang tsa khatello ea maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo le khatello ea maikutlo phapang ea litekanyetso tsa bokhoba ba thobalano e ile ea lekanyetsoa ho sebelisoa tlhahlobo ea multivariate regression. Liphetho tsa bohlokoa tsa mefuta ea khatello li tlalehiloe kamora khalemelo ea Bonferroni (P <0.0125). Litokiso tsa Bonneferoni li baliloe ho sebelisoa foromo αmahlonoko tseo ho leng 1 - (1 - αe fetotsoe)k. Boholo ba phello F e ne e baloa ho sebelisoa foromo ea Cohen's F boholo ba phello = R squared / 1−R mokoloto.

Ethics

Boithuto bona bo amohetse Boto ea Institutional Review Board (IRB, komiti ea Helsinki) ea Univesithi. Barupeluoa bohle ba saenetse foromo ea tumello e tsebisitsoeng.

Results

Mehlala ea mohlala

Lintlha tse hlahang lipapatsong tsa temallo ea thobalano li bontšitse hore barupeluoa ba 49 (banna ba 11 le basali ba 38) ba ka khetholloa ka temallo ea thobalano le ba 126 e le mekhoa e latelang e hlalosoang ke Likhopo (1991) (Lintlha tsa SAST> 6). Banna ba ne ba lemaletse thobalano ho feta basali [t (1,171) = 2.71, P = 0.007, Cohen's d = 0.53; ho bonts'a phello e kholo ea tekano ea bokhoba ba thobalano ho latela litekanyetso tsa Cohen (tse nyane, tse leka-lekaneng, tse kholo)] Ho feta moo, banna ba bontšitse matšoao a OCD ho feta basali [t (1,171) = 4.49, P <0.001, ea Cohen d = 0.85; e bonts'ang phello e kholo ea bong ho matšoao a OCD ho latela litekanyetso tsa Cohen]. Banna ha baa ka ba bontša maemo a phahameng a ho tšoenyeha ho feta basali t(1, 171) = 1.26, P = 0.22. Banna ba bile ba sa bontše maemo a phahameng a ho tšoenyeha ho feta basali t(1, 171) = -0.79, XNUMX P = 0.43 mme ho ne ho se na phapang pakeng tsa khatello ea maikutlo pakeng tsa banna le basali t(1, 171) = 1.12, P = 0.26 (bona Lethathamo 1).

Tafole 1.Phuputso ea 1-Lipalo tsa lipotso ho barupeluoa ba banna le basali M (SD)

Batona (n = 30)Basali (n = 145)Kakaretso (n = 175)
TS'ELISO31.53 (5.64)29.45 (3.4)4.93 (3.94)
YBOCS20.6 (10)14.69 (5.55)15.70 (6.87)
BDI33.8 (13.68)31.56 (9.24)31.76 (10.39)
LITSEBISO-S35.2 (12.93)37.36 (14.93)36.18 (13.36)
LITŠOANTŠISO T35.8 (15.21)38.53 (14)36.63 (14.56)

Selelekela: Teko ea Tlhatlhobo ea Thobalano ka Thobalano; YBOCS-Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale; BDI- Beck Depression Inventory; STAI-S / T- Spielberger Trait and Ingencyory ea Matšoenyeho a Naha.

Kopano lipakeng tsa khatello ea maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha le matšoao a susumetsang maikutlo, le bokhoba ba thobalano

Teko ea pearson ea peakanyo e bonts'itse kamano e ntle lipakeng tsa khatello ea maikutlo, boits'oaro le matšoenyeho a mmuso, matšoao a qobelloang le khatello ea thobalano (bona Lethathamo 2) 'me litlatsetso tsena li ne li bonoa e le tse tona kapa tse tšehali ka thoko.

Tafole 2.Thuto ea 1-Pearson r khokahano ho lipotso tsohle ho barupeluoa bohle (n = 175)

NtlhaM (SD)TS'ELISOYBOCSBDILITSEBISO-SLITŠOANTŠISO T
1. TS'ELISO4.93 (3.94)
2. YBOCS15.70 (6.87)0.54 ***
3. BDI31.76 (10.39)0.39 ***0.52 ***
4. LITŠOANTŠISO-S36.18 (13.36)0.45 ***0.57 ***0.83 ***
5. LITŠOANTŠISO-T36.63 (14.56)0.42 ***0.52 ***0.80 ***0.88 ***

Selelekela: Teko ea Tlhatlhobo ea Thobalano ka Thobalano; YBOCS- Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale; BDI- Beck Depression Inventory; STAI-S / T- Spielberger Trait and Ingencyory ea Matšoenyeho a Naha.

***P <0.01.

Tlhahlobo e mengata ea khatello ea maikutlo e bontšitse hore mohlala o kenyelletsa bongβ = -0.06, P = 0.34), Y-BOCS (β = 0.42, P <0.001), BDI (β = −0.06; P = 0.7), le tšobotsi ea STAI (β = 0.18, P = 0.22) le naha ea STAI (β = 0.07, P = 0.6) lintlha li kentse letsoho haholo phapusing ea litekanyetso tsa bokhoba ba thobalano [F (4,174) = 21.43, P <0.001, R2 = 0.33, Cohen's f = 0.42] mme e hlalositse 33.3% ea phapang ea litekanyetso tsena. Leha ho le joalo, ke lipalo tsa Y-BOCS feela tse boletseng esale pele hore li lemaletse thobalano. Palo ea lipalo-palo ea mamello e pakeng tsa 0.3 le 0.89, mme litekanyetso tsa VIF li pakeng tsa 1.1 le 3 mme li bontšitse ho collinearity e loketseng. Bona Lethathamo 3 bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea khatello. Tlhatlhobo e ngoe hape e entsoe ka sepheo sa ho lekola phello e khahlisang ea bong ho kopano pakeng tsa OCD le litekanyetso tsa bokhoba ba thobalano mme e bontšitse hore ha ho na phello e matla moding oa bong ho kopano pakeng tsa OCD le bokhoba ba thobalano (β = 0.12, P = 0.41; β = 0.17, P = 0.25).

Tafole 3.Boithuto ba 1 - ho khutlisetsoa morao hoa litlamorao tsa litekanyetso tse tlisoang ke khatello, khatello ea maikutlo le ho tšoenyeha ka litekanyetso tsa lithethefatsi tsa thobalano ho bohle ba nkang karolo (n = 175)

Mefuta-futaBSELitumellano tse sa bonahalengβ
YBOCS0.240.040.360.42 ***
BDI-0.230.04-0.03-0.06
LITSEBISO-S0.050.040.040.194
LITŠOANTŠISO T0.020.030.10.08
F(4,174) = 21.43 ***; R2 = 0.33

Selelekela: Teko ea Tlhatlhobo ea Thobalano ka Thobalano; YBOCS- Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale; BDI- Beck Depression Inventory; STAI-S / T- Spielberger Trait and Ingencyory ea Matšoenyeho a Naha.

P <0.001 ***.

Qetellong, sephetho se bontšitse khokahano e nepahetseng lipakeng tsa khatello ea maikutlo, mokhoa oa ho tšoenyeha le maemo a mmuso, matšoao a bonts'ang maikutlo le lintlha tsa tlhekefetso ea thobalano ho banna le basali. Taba ea bobeli, tlhahlobo ea boikoetliso e bonts'itse hore lintlha tse tlatselletsang li kentse letsoho phapusing ea litekanyetso tsa thobalano mme ba hlalositse 33.3% ea phapang eo.

Ithute 2

mekhoa

barupeluoa ba

Barupeluoa ba lekholo le mashome a mararo a metso e robong ba bolela lilemo tse 24.75 (SD = 0.33) ba hloa thuto. Mekhoa ea ho kenyelletsoa e ne e le banna le basali ba lilemo tse 20 ho65 ba sebelisang marang-rang khafetsa ho etsa thobalano. Ho ne ho na le basali ba 98 (71%) le banna ba 41 (29%). Nako ea basali e ne e le lilemo tse 24 (SD = 5) mme ho banna e ne e le lilemo tse 25 (SD = 4). Karolo e kholo ea sampole ea hajoale e ne e na le thuto kapa maemo a lekanang a thuto (29%) mme ba bang kaofela ba sampole (71%) ba bile le bonyane lilemo tse 12 tsa ho ithuta. Ntle le moo, karolo e nyane ea bankakarolo e ne e sa sebetse (2%), baithuti (11%) mme boholo ba barupeluoa ba ne ba sebetsa mesebetsing ea nakoana (16%) kapa mesebetsing ea nako e felletseng (71%). Boholo ba mehlala e ne e le masoha (73.7%) kapa ba ne ba nyetse kapa ba le kamanong (26.3%).

Mehato

Potso ea lipalo tsa batho

Potso ea batho ba bangata e ne e kenyelletsa lintho tsa thobalano, lilemo, boemo ba lenyalo, mofuta oa bophelo, tumelo, thuto, mosebetsi. Lipampiri tsa lipotso li ne li le ka puo ea Sehebera 'me li ne li netefalitsoe lithutong tse fetileng.

Scale ea Barratt Impulsiveness (BIS / BAS)

BIS / BAS ke lipotso tsa lipotso tse lekang ho susumetsoa ke matla tse ntlafalitsoeng ke Patton, Stanford le Baratt (1995). Potso ea lipotso e na le lintho tse 30. Lipalo tse boholo ba Likert li tloha ho 1 "ka seoelo / ka seoelo" ho isa ho 4 "hoo e ka bang kamehla / kamehla." Potso e ne e netefalitsoe ka mokhoa o hlakileng oa Cronbach α = 0.83. Boithutong ba rona lenaneong la lipotso le ne le e-na le tumellano ea kahare ea Cronbach ea α = 0.83.

Teko e khutšoane ea ho lemalla Inthanete (s-IAT-thobalano)

S-IAT-thobalano ke leqephe la lipotso le lekang ts'ebetso ea thobalano e nang le mathata e hlahisitsoeng ke Wéry, Burnay, Karila, le Billieux (2015). E ipapisitse le tlhahlobo ea taolo ea inthanete e ntlafalitsoeng ke Pawlikowski, Altstötter-Gleich, le Brand (2013) moo lintho tse ho "Internet" kapa "inthaneteng" li ile tsa nkeloa sebaka ke "liketso tsa thobalano marang-rang" le "libaka tsa thobalano." Potso ena e na le lintho tse 12, ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e lekantsoe sekaleng ho tloha ho 1 ho isa ho 5 ho tloha ho 1 “ha ho mohla” ho ea ho 5 “kamehla” mme lintlha kaofela li kopitsoa ka ho akaretsa lintho. Potso e ne e netefalitsoe ke Wéry le al. (2015) ho bolela Cronbach ho lumellana ha kahare ea α = 0.90. Boithutong ba rona lenaneong la lipotso le ne le e-na le tumellano ea kahare ea Cronbach ea α = 0.89.

Teko ea Teko ea Thobalano ka Thobalano (SAST) (Metsoana, 1991) e neng e netefalitsoe ke Hook et al. (2010) e bonts'a Cronbach's α Tsa 0.85-0.95. Thutong ea rona ho ne ho na le ea Cronbach α ea 0.79. SAST ha e netefatsoe ho hlahisa tlhahisoleseling efe kapa efe, mme e sebelisitsoe e le phapang e tsoelang pele empa eseng bakeng sa ho khetholla batho ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate.

Tsamaiso

Lipampiri tsa lipotso li ile tsa phatlalatsoa marang-rang marang-rang le li-forum tsa batho ba sebelisang thobalano e le mathata inthaneteng. Barupeluoa ba arabetse lipotso marang-rang. Barupeluoa ba ile ba tsebisoa hape hore thuto e etsa lipatlisiso mabapi le bokhoba ba thobalano le hore lipotso li tla lula li sa tsejoe ka sepheo sa ho etsa lipatlisiso.

Tlhahlobo ea lipalo le ya data

Tlhahlobo ea sephetho e entsoe ho Statistical Package for Science Science (SPSS) bakeng sa windows v.21 (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY, USA). Bakeng sa ho leka phetisetso e tloaelehileng phetoho ea LAN ho molemong oa bokhoba ba thobalano e entsoe. Melao ea ho skewness (S = −0.2, SE = 0.2) le kurtosis (K = −0.81, SE = 0.41) li bontšitse kabo e tloaelehileng. Kaha liphetho li ne li ts'oana mehatong e fetotsoeng le ea mantlha, liphetho tsa data ea mantlha li tlalehiloe.

Lintlha tse buang ka thobalano, lilemo, boemo ba lenyalo, mofuta oa bophelo, thuto, khiro le ts'ebeliso ea inthanete li ile tsa hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa tlhahlobo ea squars ea Pearson. Monehelo oa ho se ts'oenyehe, le likhathatso tsa thobalano inthaneteng tse nang le mathata li fapana le phapang ea litekanyetso tsa bokhoba ba thobalano li ne li lekantsoe ho sebelisoa tlhahlobo ea multivariate regression. Liphetho tsa bohlokoa tsa mefuta ea khatello li tlalehiloe kamora khalemelo ea Bonferroni (P <0.0125). Litokiso tsa Bonneferoni li baliloe ho sebelisoa foromo αe tebileng = 1− (1−αe fetotsoe)k. Boholo ba phello F e ne e baloa ho sebelisoa foromo ea Cohen's F boholo ba phello = R squared / 1−R mokoloto.

Ethics

Boithuto bona bo amohetse Boto ea Institutional Review Board (IRB, komiti ea Helsinki) ea Univesithi. Barupeluoa bohle ba saenetse foromo ea tumello e tsebisitsoeng.

Results

Mehlala ea Mehlala

Lintlha tse hlahang lipapatsong tsa temallo ea thobalano li bontšitse hore barupeluoa ba 45 (banna ba 18 le basali ba 27) ba ka khetholloa ka temallo ea thobalano le ba 92 e le mekhoa e latelang e hlalosoang ke Likhopo (1991) (Lintlha tsa SAST> 6). Banna ba ne ba lemaletse thobalano ho feta basali [t (1,135) = 2.17, P = 0.01, Cohen's d = 0.41]. Banna le bona ba ne ba e-na le lintlha tse kholo ho Tlhahlobo e Mpe ea Tlatsetso ea Inthanete (s-IAT-thobalano) ho feta basali [t (1, 58) = 2.17, P <0.001 ea Cohen d = 0.95; e bonts'ang phello e kholo ea bong litlamong tsa thobalano tsa inthanete ho latela litekanyetso tsa Cohen]. Ho ne ho se na phapang lipakeng tsa ho hloka maikutlo (BIS / BAS) lipakeng tsa banna le basali t (1, 99) = -0.87; P = 0.16). Bona Lethathamo 4 bakeng sa mehato ea lipotso ho barupeluoa bohle.

Tafole 4.Phuputso ea 2-Lipalo tsa lipotso ho barupeluoa ba banna le basali M (SD)

Batona (n = 41)Basali (n = 98)Kakaretso (n = 139)
TS'ELISO5.47 (3.41)4.14 (3.2)4.53 (3.3)
s-IAT-thobalano1.78 (0.67)1.25 (0.51)1.4 (0.6)
BIS / BAS2 (0.28)2.07 (0.39)2.05 (0.36)

Malebela: "s-IAT-thobalano" - Tlhahlobo ea bokhutšoanyane ba tšebeliso ea inthanete e lekantsoeng ho lekanya liketso tsa thobalano; BIS / BAS- Barratt Impulsiveness Scale; Teko ea Tlhatlhobo ea Tebello ea Thobalano ka Thobalano.

Mokhatlo pakeng tsa s-IAT-thobalano, BIS / BAS le SAST

Teko ea Pearson ea khokahano e bonts'itse kamano e ntle lipakeng tsa ho se ts'oanehe (BIS / BAS), likamano tsa botona le botšehali tse nang le mathata inthaneteng (s-IAT-sex), le lintlha tsa bokhoba ba thobalano (SAST) (bona Lethathamo 5).

Tafole 5.Ithute likamano tsa Pearson lipotsong tsohle tsa lipotso ho bohle ba nkang karolo (n = 139)

NtlhaM (SD)TS'ELISOs-IAT-thobalanoBIS / BAS
TS'ELISO4.53 (3.3)1
s-IAT-thobalano1.4 (0.6)0.53 ***
BIS / BAS2.05 (0.36)0.35 **0.22 *-

Malebela: "s-IAT-thobalano" - Tlhahlobo ea bokhutšoanyane ba tšebeliso ea inthanete e lekantsoeng ho lekanya liketso tsa thobalano; "BIS / BAS" - Sekala sa Barratt Impulsiveness; "SAST" - Tlhahlobo ea tlhekefetso ea thobalano.

*P <0.05; **P <0.01.

Tlhahlobo e akaretsang ea khatello ea maikutlo bakeng sa ba batona le ba batšehali e bontšitse hore mohlala o kenyelelitse bong (β = -0.01, P = 0.84) s-IAT-thobalano (β = 0.47, P <0.001), BIS / BAS (β = 0.24, P = 0.001) lintlha li kentse letsoho haholo phapusing ea litekanyetso tsa bokhoba ba thobalano [F (2,134) = 34.16, P <0.001, R2 = 0.33, Cohen's f = 0.42] mme e hlalositse 33% ea phapang ea litekanyetso tsena. Index ea mamello e pakeng tsa 0.7 le 0.9, mme litekanyetso tsa VIF li lipakeng tsa 1 ho isa ho 1.24 mme li bontšitse collinearity e loketseng. Lethathamo 6 e bonts'a tlhahlobo ea khatello ea maikutlo bakeng sa banna le basali ba lintlha tsa bokhoba ba tai. Tlhatlhobo e ngoe hape e entsoe ka sepheo sa ho lekola phello ea tekano ea bong le lintho tse ling tse fapaneng le litekanyetso tsa bokhoba ba thobalano litekanyetso tsa ho sebelisana tsa bong ba s-IAT-sex × bong (β = 0.06, P = 0.77), le BIS / BAS × bong (β = 0.5, P = 0.46) e ne e se ntho ea bohlokoa ho boletseng bokhoba ba thobalano.

Tafole 6.Boithuto ba 2- Lits'oants'o tse hlakileng tsa litlamorao tsa bong le litekanyetso tse tlisoang ke maemo a mathata a thobalano marang-rang ho bohle ba nkang karolo (n = 139)

Mefuta-futaBSELitumellano tse sa bonahalengβ
bong-0.110.57-0.17-0.1
s-IAT-thobalano2.610.40.450.47 ***
BIS / BAS2.170.650.280.24 ***
F(3,133) = 22.64; R2 = 0.33 ***

Malebela: "s-IAT-thobalano" - Tlhahlobo ea bokhutšoanyane ba tšebeliso ea inthanete e lekantsoeng ho lekanya liketso tsa thobalano; "BIS / BAS" - Sekala sa Barratt Impulsiveness; "SAST" - Tlhahlobo ea tlhekefetso ea thobalano.

***P <0.001.

boemo lenyalo

Barupeluoa ba masoha ba fumane lintlha tse phahamengM = 1.50, SD = 0.66) ho feta barupeluoa ba nyetsoeng (M = 1.16, SD = 0.30) ho lipotso tsa botona le botšehali tsa s-IAT (t (1,128) = 4.06, P <0.001). Barupeluoa ba masoha le bona ba fumane lintlha tse phahameng (M = 4.97, SD = 3.38 (ho feta barupeluoa ba nyetsoeng (M = 3.31, SD = 2.78) leqepheng la lipotso tsa SAST (t (1,135) = 2.65, P <0.01). Kamora nako, barupeluoa ba masoha ba hapileng lintlha tse holimo (M = 1.33, SD = 0.58 (ho feta barupeluoa ba basali ba nyetsoeng (M = 1.08, SD = 0.21) ho lipotso tsa botona le botšehali tsa s-IAT (t (1, 92) = 4.06, P = 0.003).

Qetellong, sephetho se bontšitse khokahano e nepahetseng lipakeng tsa ho ts'oaroa, thobalano le mathata a marang-rang a thobalano. Taba ea bobeli, tlhahlobo ea khatello ea maikutlo e bontšitse hore lintlha tse kenelletseng tsa thobalano marang-rang li hlahisitse phapang ea litekanyetso tsa bokhoba ba thobalano mme li hlalositse 33% ea phapang eo.

Puisano

Ho na le thahasello e ntseng e eketseha ea ho etsa lipatlisiso ka CSBD le ho kenyelletsoa ha eona ho Diagnostic and Statistical 5th Manual (DSM-5) (Mokhatlo oa Mahlale oa Amerika, 2013) kapa ICD 11 moo e se e kenyellelitsoe e le bothata ba taolo ea tšusumetso (Kraus et al., 2018). Kaha sehlooho se bohlokoa ebile se bohlokoa molemong oa bongaka, ho hlokahala lithuto tse ling ho fihlela e ka lemohuoa e le bothata ba bongaka phetolelong e latelang ea DSM. Boithuto ba hona joale bo ts'ehetsa liphumano tsa pejana tsa CSBD ea ho bonts'a tšusumetso, khatello ea maikutlo le matšoao a nyahamisang (Klontz, Garos, & Klontz, 2005) leha e le ba fokolang feela ba fumanoang ba na le OCD sehlopheng sena sa bakuli (15% ho Mnyama, 2000; le kahare Shapira, Moetsi oa khauta, Keck, Khosla, & McElroy, 2000). Phuputso e eketsehileng mabapi le sehlopha se seholo sa bakuli ba nang le OCD (Fuss et al., 2019) e bontšitse ho ata ha bophelo bo phahameng ba CSBD ho bakuli ba nang le OCD ea hona joale le ho hlonama ka mathata a mang a ho feto-fetoha ha maikutlo, khatello ea kelello le khatello.

CSBD joalo ka litekanyetso tse ling tsa boits'oaro bo oela letlalong la boits'oaro bo susumetsang bo susumetsang le bo sa susumetseng (Grant et al., 2010). Ho bongata ka kakaretso ho ata ha lefufalo le laolang kelello (OCD) ho pakeng tsa 1 le 3% (Leckman et al., 2010). Matšoao a OCD khafetsa a amahanngoa le boitšoaro bo qobelloang ba thobalano (Klontz et al., 2005). Raymond le al. (2003) e bile ba pele ba ho fana ka maikutlo a boitšoaro bo qobelloang ba thobalano (CSB) bo batlang bo tšoana le OCD. CSB e tšoauoa ka litoro tsa kahare tsa botona le botšehali, likhothaletso le boits'oaro ba botona le botšehali bo lebisang ho senyeha ho hoholo. Mehopolo e shebang ha e amehe ebile hangata e amana le khatello ea maikutlo kapa khatello ea maikutlo, ka hona, boitsoaro bo qobelloang ba thobalano bo reretsoe ho fokotsa khatello le matšoenyeho a joalo. Mick le Hollander (2006) ba totobalitse bohlokoa ba tšebelisano-kholo lipakeng tsa CSB le OCD mme ba khothalelitse kalafo ka Selection Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) mmoho le kalafo ea boitsoaro bakeng sa ts'oaetso ena. DSM-IV e nyelisitse mokhoa ona ho tloha ha motho ea nang le boitšoaro bo qobelloang ba thobalano a khahloa ke boitšoaro bona mme o tla leka ho hanela boitšoaro bo joalo ha boitšoaro bo joalo bo le kotsi (American Psychiatric Association, 2000, leq. 422). Leha bakuli ba nang le OCD ba ka ba le menahano e hlokofatsang ka litaba tsa thobalano hangata e lateloa ke maikutlo a mabe ntle le takatso ea thobalano. Kahoo re lebelletse hore bakuli bana ba tla ba le takatso e fokotsehileng ea thobalano nakong ena ea maikutlo.

Ho na le bopaki bo bong ba hore CSBD e na le letsoalo le nang le matšoenyeho le khatello ea maikutlo (Klontz, Garos, & Klontz, 2005). Phuputso e fumane hore hara banna ba nang le CSBD sekhahla e ne e le 28% athe ho bongata ka kakaretso e ne e le 12% (Weiss, 2004). Ho na le bopaki bo bong ba hore batho ba nang le CSBD ba na le takatso e fetelletseng ea thobalano ha ba ntse ba sithabetse maikutlo kapa ba tšoenyehile (Bancroft le Vukadinovic, 2004). Boholo ba banna ba bong bo fapaneng le ba bong bo fapaneng ba tlalehile ho fokotseha ha ts'ebetso ea thobalano nakong ea khatello ea maikutlo kapa matšoenyeho empa ba fokolang (pakeng tsa 15 le 25%) ba tlalehile keketseho ea ts'ebetso ea thobalano, e nang le matšoenyeho a mangata ho feta khatello ea maikutlo. Ho eketseha ha sekhahla sa thobalano nakong ea khatello ea maikutlo ho ka baka tlhokahalo ea ho ts'oaroa kapa ho ananeloa ke motho e mong. Ba nang le khaello ea thobalano nakong ea khatello ea maikutlo ba ka etsa joalo ka lebaka la boitšepo bo tlase (Bancroft le Vukadinovic, 2004). Phuputso e tsoetseng pele e bontšitse hore har'a ba nang le CSBD 42-46% ba na le matšoenyeho mme ba 33-80% ba nang le bothata ba maikutlo (Mick & Hollander, 2006). Sehlopha sa bakuli ba 'nileng ba phekoloa bakeng sa CSBD kalafong ea sehlopha se bontšitse phokotso ea khatello ea maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo, matšoao a susumetsang maikutlo, ho ameha ka thobalano le ho tsosa takatso ea botona kapa botšehali, khatello ea maikutlo le matšoenyeho mme liphetoho tsena li lutse kamora likhoeli tse 6 kamora ho latela (Klontz, Garos, & Klontz, 2005).

Thutong ena, litekanyetso tsa khatello ea maikutlo ha li na karolo e kholo litekanyetsong tsa bokhoba ba thobalano. Kaha maemong a mang khatello ea maikutlo e fokotsa khatello ea thobalano mme maemong a mang e eketsa ts'ebetso ea thobalano (Bancroft le Vukadinovic, 2004) kamano lipakeng tsa khatello ea maikutlo le boitšoaro bo qobelloang ba thobalano e ka kopanngoa ke lintlha tse ling. Kaha matšoenyeho a kentse letsoho haholo litekatsong tsa bokhoba ba thobalano, ho ka etsahala hore khatello ea maikutlo ke ntho e kopanyang pakeng tsa matšoenyeho le CSBD.

Leha thuto ena e na le karolelano e ikhethang ea basali ho banna ba nang le karolo e kholo ea barupeluoa ba basali, litholoana tsa tlhahlobo e ikhethileng ea banna le basali e bontšitse hore monehelo oa OCD, khatello ea maikutlo le litlamorao tsa phapang ea litekanyetso tsa bokhoba ba thobalano li ne li phahame haholo. ho banna, 'me e hlalositse 40% ea phapang e bapisoang le 20% ho basali, leha e le sesosa se akaretsang, thobalano ha e ea ka ea kenya letsoho ho khutlisetsong ha banna le basali ba hlahlobisisoa hammoho, mohlomong ka lebaka la palo e nyane ea banna. Phumano ena e tšehetsa lithuto tse fetileng tse bonts'ang phapang ea thobalano ho CSBD haholo mabapi le ho sebelisa libaka tsa bootsoa le ho etsa cybersex (Weinstein et al., 2015). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, boithuto ba rona ba pejana ba ho sebelisa lits'ebetso tsa marato ha bo bontše liphapang tsa thobalano (Zlot et al., 2018). Kahoo, taba ea phapang ea thobalano bathong ba sebelisang marang-rang bakeng sa thobalano ea marang-rang e hloka tlhahlobo e ngoe hape.

Boitšoaro bo matla ba thobalano bo boetse bo na le li-comorbidities tsa kelello le matšoenyeho a sechaba, dysthymia, tlhokomeliso e fokotsang tlhokomelo ea khatello ea kelello (Bijlenga et al., 2018; Bőthe et al., 2019a, b; Garcia & Thibaut, 2010; Mick & Hollander, 2006; Semaille, 2009) ama khatello ea maikutlo (Samenow, 2010) le lefu la khatello ea maikutlo le morao-raoMetsoana, 1991). Boithuto bo bong bo fumana hore temallo ea thobalano e amahanngoa le kapa ho arabela liketsong tsa dysphoric kapa liketsahalo tse sithabetsang tsa bophelo (Raymond, Coleman, & Miner, 2003; Reid, 2007; Reid & Carpenter, 2009; Reid, 'Metli oa mapolanka, Spackman, & Willes, 2008).

Tšebeliso e sa feleng ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa marang-rang e hlalosoa ke likhopolo tsa botona kapa botšehali tse qobelloang, tsa thobalano tse qobelloang le CSBD (Wetterneck, Burgess, Short, Smith, & Cervantes, 2012). Marang-rang a entse hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li fumanehe habonolo hape li ngata 'me e bile le seabo ho maemo a ho tsosa takatso ea botona kapa botšehali a e-so ka a ba teng pele (Mmisa, 2010; Wetterneck et al., 2012). Ho fanoe ka tlhahiso ea hore CSBD e holim'a sekhahla se qobelloang (se qobelloang).Grant et al., 2010). Ho susumetsa, ho bolelang ketso ntle le ho rera kapa ho nahanisisa esale pele, ho amana le thabo, ho tsosa le ho khotsofala mme ho qala mokolli oa ts'ebetso ha ts'usumetso e boloka CSBD e phehellang (Karila le al., 2014; Wetterneck et al., 2012).

Morero oa thuto ea bobeli e ne e le ho etsa lipatlisiso mabapi le setsoalle pakeng tsa ho nkeha maikutlo, ts'ebeliso e mpe ea marang-rang ea thobalano le CSBD. Tšusumetso le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete liketsong tsa thobalano e ka ba matšoao a bokhoba ba ho etsa thobalano ka hona ho bohlokoa ho li hlahloba ho palo e sebelisang inthanete ho fumana balekane ba thobalano. Ho se ho thehiloe hore ho potlaka ho tsamaisana le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea bothata ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthaneteng (Wetterneck et al., 2012) le CSBD (Karila le al., 2014; Weinstein, 2014; Weinstein, et al., 2015). Leha ho na le keketseho ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng (Carroll et al., 2008; Kingston et al., 2009; Mmisa, 2010; Stack et al., 2004; Wetterneck et al., 2012) ke lithuto tse fokolang haholo tse entseng lipatlisiso ka mokhatlo ona (Wetterneck et al., 2012). Liphetho tsa boithuto bona li bontša hore tšusumetso le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa marang-rang li amahanngoa le CSBD mohlaleng oo hangata e le mosali. Kaha liphuputso tse ngata ho CSBD li na le karolo e ngata ea banna ba nkang karolo e etsang hore ho fumana lipale e be ntho e ikhethang kaha ho bolela hore basali ba nang le CSBD le bona ha ba na mofuthu. Ka kakaretso ho lebelletsoe ka maikutlo a thuto ea ho iphetola ha lintho hore basali ba tlameha ba bile le tsebo e kholo ea ho thibela likarabo tse potlakileng kapa tse matla pele. Ho na le bopaki bo tšehetsang bo bonts'ang hore basali ba na le ts'ebetso e ntle ho mesebetsi ea kelello e lekanyang ho potlaka joalo ka ho lieha ho khotsofatsa le ho liehisoa ho theotsoeng haholo bongoaneng (bona Weinstein le Dannon, 2015 bakeng sa tlhahlobo). Ho a utloahala hore ba bangata ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa marang-rang e le mokhoa oa ho qoba boiphihlelo ba bona, 'me boits'oaro bo joalo bo boloka boitšoaro bona bo qobelloang le bo lemaletseng (Wetterneck et al., 2012). Leha ho le joalo ho na le liphetho tse hanyetsanang tse tlalehiloeng ke Bőthe et al. (2019a, b) ho bonts'a hore ho qobelloa le ho qobelloa ho ne ho fokola ho amanang le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hara banna le basali, ka ho latellana. Ho susumetsa ho ne ho e-na le kamano e matla le hypersexeness ho feta ho ba le ho qobelloa har'a banna le basali, ka ho latellana. Ka lebaka leo, bangoli ba pheha khang ea hore ho susumetsoa le ho qobelloa ho ke ke ha kenya letsoho haholo ts'ebelisong e litšila ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa joalokaha litsebi tse ling li rerile. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho nkeha maikutlo ho ka ba le karolo e hlahelletseng ho tšebelisanong ea maikutlo ho feta ts'ebelisong e litšila ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

Lingoliloeng tsa hajoale li hlalosa ho se tšoane ka thobalano ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa marang-rang, ho qhekella le CSBD (Carroll et al., 2008; Poulsen et al., 2013; Weinstein et al., 2015; Zlot et al., 2018). Phuputso ena e bontšitse liphapang tse joalo tšebelisong ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthaneteng le litekanyetso tsa CSBD empa eseng ka ho qobelloa (ho fapana le liphetho tse hlalositsoeng ke Wetterneck et al. (2012)) e fumaneng ho hloka matla ho phahameng ho banna. Ho ka etsahala hore lefatšeng la sejoale-joale le matla a ntseng a hola a mokhatlo oa basali, basali ba nka mekhoa eo ka tloaelo e neng e nkuoa e le litšobotsi tsa monna e kang ho itšepa, ho beha likotsi le ho se tsitse.

Joalokaha ho ne ho lebelletsoe ho na le ts'ebeliso e phahameng ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa marang-rang le litheko tse phahameng tsa CSBD ho basali ba se nang balekane ha ba bapisoa le basali ba nyetsoeng. Lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng ho na le keketseho ea ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthaneteng har'a basali le hoja ho na le liphapang tsa botona le botšehali mabapi le mecha ea phatlalatso. Thutong e kholo ea banyalani, tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa banna e ne e sa amane le boleng ba bong ba banna le basali, athe tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka basali e ne e amana hantle le boleng ba basali ba thobalano (Poulsen et al., 2013). Ho bonahala eka basali ba nka ts'ebeliso ea media ena e le ntle haeba e amana le boleng bo ntlafalitsoeng ba thobalano e kopanetsoeng (Tokunaga et al., 2017; Vaillancourt-Morel et al., 2019).

Kamora nako, liketso tsa thobalano tse nang le bothata tsa inthaneteng hangata li etsoa sephiring le joalo ka ts'ebetso e le mong e patiloeng ho litho tsa lelapa. Maqhama a fokotsang malapa, metsoalle le sechaba ka kakaretso se ka lebisa ho mathata a amanang le thobalano e fumanehang marang-rang ho banna le basali. Hape, ho na le bopaki ba tleliniki ba hore batho ba kenang liketsong tse amanang le thobalano tse fumanehang marang-rang ba na le tšenyo likamanong tsa bona tsa lerato ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ena e nang le mathata, ka hona, batho ba sa nyaloang ba tla ba le maemo a phahameng sethaleng sa CSBD.

sheba mefokolo ea

Lithuto tsena ka bobeli li sebelisitse lipotso tsa tlhahlobo ho Internet kahoo ho na le menyetla ea likarabo tse sa nepahalang. Ho tloha moo pokello ea lintlha tsa tlhahlobo e ntlafalitsoeng e fumanoeng ka har'a lingoliloeng (Montgomery-Graham, 2017). Taba ea bobeli, ba kentse li-sampole tse nyane mme ho bile le khethollo e ntle ea sampole. Lithutong tsena ka bobeli ho ne ho e-na le basali ba bangata ho feta banna. Thutong ea 1, ba bangata ba ne ba nyetse kapa ba le kamanong e fetang ea lesoha athe ho Thutong ea 2 boholo ba bona ba ne ba sa nyaloa (73.7%) mme ba fokolang ba ne ba nyetse kapa ba le kamanong (26.3%). Ho bile le phapang ka tekanyo ea mesebetsi ea nakoana ho Thuto ea 1 boholo ba sampole bo ne bo e-na le mosebetsi oa nakoana (65%) athe Thutong ea 2 e ne e le 16% feela. Taba ea boraro, e ne e le lithuto tse ikemetseng ka hona ha ho na letho le ka qobelloang. Kamora nako, lithutong tsena ka bobeli ho na le basali ba bangata ba neng ba ka ama maemo a ho se be teng.

bofello

Phuputso ea pele e bonts'itse hore matšoao a hlokofatsang a tlatsetsa ho lekantseng lintlha tsa CSB har'a ba sebelisang inthanete ho fumana balekane ba thobalano. Boithuto ba bobeli bo bontšitse hore ho se ts'oaroe ke ts'ebeliso ea mathata a thobalano marang-rang ho kentse letsoho ho bongata ba CSB har'a ba sebelisang marang-rang bakeng sa thobalano. Tšebeliso ea marang-rang le lits'ebetso tsa eona tsa ho fumana balekane bakeng sa thobalano le ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ratoa haholo har'a banna empa joale re bontša hore e ratoa le har'a basali. Lithuto tsa nako e tlang li lokela ho hlahloba lintlha tsa bophelo le maemo tse amanang le ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang ho fumana balekane ba thobalano. Ntle le moo, ba lokela ho hlahloba ho ts'oaroa le ho se ts'oanelehe mabapi le maikutlo a thobalano ka ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa banna le basali ba basodoma. Ba ka bapisa batho ba itseng le boitšoaro bo tlamang ba ho etsa thobalano, mohlala ba sebelisang thobalano e nang le mathata Inthaneteng le ba batlang thobalano e qobelloang maemong a bophelo ba nnete.

Mehloli ea lichelete

Boithuto bona bo entsoe e le karolo ea thupelo ea lithutong tsa bokhoba ba boitšoaro Univesithing ea Ariel, Ariel, Israel.

Menehelo ea bangoli

Batho bohle ba kenyelelitsoe e le bangoli ba pampiri ba kentse letsoho haholo ts'ebetsong ea mahlale e etellang pele ho ngoloa ha pampiri. Bangoli ba kentse letsoho mohopolo le moralo oa projeke, ts'ebetso ea liteko, ho sekaseka le ho toloka sephetho le ho lokisa sengoloa bakeng sa phatlalatso.

Khohlano ea thahasello

Bangoli ha ba na lithahasello kapa mesebetsi e ka bonoang e susumetsa lipatlisiso (mohlala, lithahasello tsa lichelete litekong kapa ts'ebetsong, lithuso tsa lichelete ke likhamphani tsa meriana bakeng sa lipatlisiso).

lumela hore baa fokolaBatho bohle ba kenyelelitsoe e le bangoli ba lipampiri ba kentse letsoho haholo ts'ebetsong ea mahlale e etellang pele ho ngoloa ha pampiri. Bangoli ba kentse letsoho mohopolo le moralo oa projeke, ts'ebetso ea liteko, ho sekaseka le ho toloka sephetho le ho lokisa sengoloa bakeng sa phatlalatso. Bangoli bohle ba tlaleha ho se lumellane ha lithahasello mabapi le thuto ena. Phuputso ea pele e hlahisitsoe kopanong ea 5 ea ICBA e Geneva Switzerland ka la Epreli 2018.

References