Ho lemala mecheng ea litaba tsa bophelo le likamano tsa botona le botšehali pakeng tsa basali ba Irani: Karolo ea phetisano ea kamano e haufi-ufi le ts'ehetso ea sechaba (2019)

Behav Addict. 2019 May 23: 1-8. doi: 10.1556 / 2006.8.2019.24.

Alimoradi Z1, Lin CY2, Imani V3, Griffiths MD4, Pakpour AH1,5.

inahaneloang

MOSEBETSI LE LINAKO:

Tšebeliso ea mecha ea boithabiso e sebelisoa haholoanyane har'a basebelisi ba Inthanete. Ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea liphatlalatso tsa liphatlalatso tsa batho ba bangata, ho na le tlhokahalo e ntseng e eketseha ea lipatlisiso e hlahlobang tšusumetso ea tšebeliso ea lits'ebetso tse joalo ka likamano tsa thobalano le mehaho ea bona e kang botsoalle, khotsofalo le mosebetsi oa thobalano. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho tsejoe hanyenyane ka mekhoa e ka sehloohong e etsang hore lithethefatsi tsa mecha ea phatlalatso li amehe ka mahlomola a thobalano Phuputso ena e ile ea batlisisa hore na bobeli ba ho haha ​​(kamano e haufi-ufi le ho lemoha tšehetso ea sechaba) e ne e le lipakeng tsa ho lemalla lithethefatsi le litaba tsa thobalano ho basali ba lenyalong.

LITLHAHISO:

Phuputso e neng e tla etsoa e ne e khannoa moo bohle ba nengN = 938; ho bolela lilemo = lilemo tse 36.5) o phethetse Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale ho lekola bokhoba ba litaba tsa sechaba, Tekano ea Basali ba Thobalano ea Thobalano - E ntlafalitsoeng ho lekola khatello ea thobalano, Unidimensional Relationship Closeness Scale ho lekola kamano e haufi, le Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support ho lekola ts'ehetso ea sechaba.

LIKOTSO:

Liphello li bontšitse hore lithethefatsi tsa mecha ea sechaba li ne li e-na le maikutlo a tobileng le a sa tobang (ka kamano e haufi-ufi le ho lemoha tšehetso ea sechaba) liphello tsa thobalano le khatello ea thobalano

TLHOKOMELISO LE LITLHAKISO:

Liphuputso tsa phuputso ena li nolofalletsa kutloisiso e betere ea hore na ho ba le bothata ba ho kenella mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba ho ka ama kamano e haufi-ufi ea banyalani, ts'ehetso e lemohuoang ea sechaba le meralo ea ts'ebetso ea thobalano. Ka lebaka leo, tlhabollo ea thobalano e lokela ho nkuoa e le ntho ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho lekola boits'oaro ba motho ka mong maemong a ts'ebeliso ea media ea sechaba.

LITLHAKISO: kamano; ts'ebetso ea thobalano; temallo ea litaba tsa sechaba; tšehetso ea sechaba

PMID: 31120317

DOI: 10.1556/2006.8.2019.24

Keketseho e potlakileng ea mahlale a puisano le theknoloji ea tlhahisoleseling e entse hore ho be bonolo haholoanyane ho fihlella inthanete lefatšeng ka bophara. Ho 2017, batho ba ka bang limilione tse likete tsa 3.77 ba lefats'e ba ile ba kena inthaneteng ka li-smartphones kapa likhomphutha tsa bona (Anand, Brandwood, le Jameson Evans, 2017). Tekanyo ea ho kenella ea ts'ebeliso ea inthanete har'a batho ba bacha ba lilemo tsa 15-24 e hakantsoe hore e ka ba 94% linaheng tse tsoetseng pele le 67% linaheng tse tsoelang pele (International Telecommunication Union, 2017). Ho latela tlaleho ea morao-rao, 69.1% ea baahi ba Iran (moo thuto ena e ileng ea etsoa teng) e ne e le basebelisi ba marang-rang qalong ea 2018 (Lipalo tsa Lefatše tsa Inthanete, 2018).

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, mecha ea litaba ea sechaba e fetohile karolo ea bohlokoa ea bophelo ba batho ba letsatsi le letsatsi (Masthi, Pruthvi, & Phaneendra, 2018). Tekanyo ea ho kenella ha mecha ea litaba ea sechaba e ntse e eketseha lefatšeng ka bophara. Ho 2017, 71% ea basebelisi ba marang-rang e ne e le basebelisi ba marang-rang (Statista, 2018). Palo ea basebelisi ba litaba tsa sechaba e eketsehile ho tloha tlase ho limilione tse likete tsa 1 ho 2010 ho 2.46 bilione ho 2017 (Pakpour, Yekaninejad, Pallich, & Burri, 2015). Ntle le moo, palo ea basebelisi ba litaba tsa sechaba e lebelletsoe ho fihla ho batho ba fetang limilione tse likete tsa 3 ho 2021 (Statista, 2018). Iran, batho ba ka bang limilione tse 40 ke basebelisi ba mafolofolo ba litaba tsa sechaba, ba emelang keketseho ea 135% selemong se fetileng. Keketseho ea ts'ebeliso ea mecha ea litaba ea sechaba Iran e maemong a bone lefats'eng kamora China, India le Indonesia (Tribune ea Lichelete, 2018). Ho latela webosaete e 'ngoe ea lipalo, 64.86% ea basebelisi ba marang-rang ba Iran ba ne ba le tšebelisong ho Facebook ho 2018 (StatCounter, 2018).

Le ha bokhoba ba marang-rang (IA) bo sa bonoe hangata ho batho ka bomong, ho etsa lintho tse fumanehang marang-rang ka mecha ea phatlalatso ea inthanete tse kang lipapali tsa inthanete le marang-rang a sechaba ho ka lebisa ho boits'oaro bo bobebetsong ba bonyenyane ba basebelisi (Griffiths, 2017). Tšebeliso e mpe ea liwebsaete tseo batho ba etsang metsoalle ho tsona ke mofuta o itseng oa "ho lemalla teknoloji" ebile e tšoana le boloetse ba lipapali tsa inthanete, bo neng bo kenyellelitsoe khatisong ea bohlano ea bohlano Buka ea ho hlahloba le ea Statistical ea Mathata a kelello e le bokuli bo hlokang ho etsa lipatlisiso tse ling (Mokhatlo oa American Psychiatry Association [APA], 2013). Maemo ana ho 'nile ha hanoa hore a na le matšoao a tšoanang a bokhoba ho kenyelletsa ho nyefoloa, ho feto-fetoha ha maikutlo, ho mamella, ho tlohela, likhohlano le ho khutlela morao (Eena, Turel, & Bechara, 2017). Bokhoba ba mecha ea litaba ea sechaba bo khetholloa ka ho ela hloko ka ho fetelletseng mesebetsi ea litaba tsa sechaba khafetsa ho hlokomolohuoa mesebetsi e meng kaofela, le ts'ebeliso e sa laoleheng ho isa tekanyong ea hore e kena-kenana le likarolo tse ling tsa bohlokoa bophelong ho kenyelletsa likamano tsa motho ka mong, thuto le / kapa mosebetsi o kotsi ea motho ka mong (ke hore, ho holofala ha bongaka; Dong & Potenza, 2014). Ka hona, litla-morao tsa theknoloji tse joalo tse lemalloang mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba li ka ba le litlamorao tse mpe le tse mpe tsa kelello le tsa kelello (Griffiths, 2000). Ts'ebeliso e fetelletseng ea inthanete e tsamaisana le phokotso ea boholo ba mokete oa batho, hammoho le keketseho ea bolutu le khatello ea maikutlo (Lin et al., 2018). Liphetho tsa boithuto ke Yao le Zhong (2014) ho sebelisa lipatlisiso tse lebelletsoeng ho netefalitse hore tšebeliso e fetelletseng le e seng kotsi ea inthanete ha nako e ntse e eketsa mohopolo oa ho jeoa ke bolutu har'a baithuti ba banna le basali (ba lilemo: 18-36 lilemo). Le ha maikutlo a sithabetsang a bile le tšusumetso e matla ebile e le ho phehisana ka matla le IA, kamano e joalo ha e ea tlaleha tlhahlobisong e se nang letho. Ba tlalehile hore likamano tsa inthanete tsa setsoalle le metsoalle le ba lelapa e ne e se sebaka se sebetsang bakeng sa ho sebelisana ntle le marang-rang ho fokotsa bolutu.

Mathata ao batho ba tobanang le ona mabapi le tšebeliso ea marang-rang le mecha ea phatlalatso ea inthanete ba lokela ho hlahlojoa ka hloko ho tsoa maikutlong a latelang: (a) batho ka bomong ba sebelisa sebaka sena joang ho theha likamano tsa bona le (b) hore na batho ba qeta nako e kae ba buisana le ba bang (Whitty, 2008). Ho sebelisa nako le matla a mangata mesebetsing e amanang le inthanete ho ka ama likarolo tse ngata tsa bophelo ba motho ka mong (Dong & Potenza, 2014). Boithuto bo fapaneng bo bontšitse hore bophelo bo botle ba thobalano ke e 'ngoe ea libaka tsa bophelo bo botle tse ka susumetsoang ke IA le / kapa mesebetsi e amanang le inthanete (Felmlee, 2001; Whitty, 2008; Zheng & Zheng, 2014). Ha palo ea basebelisi ba marang-rang e ntse e eketseha, le palo ea batho ba sebelisang inthanete liketsong tsa thobalano e eketsehile.Cooper & Griffin-Shelley, 2002). Mantsoe a amanang le "thobalano" ke mantsoe a holimo a sebelisitsoeng lienjineng tsa ho batla e le bopaki ba tleleime ena (Goodson, McCormick, & Evans, 2001). Mesebetsi ea thobalano e fumanehang marang-rang e bua ka mofuta o fe kapa o fe oa ho etsa thobalano marang-rang joalo ka ho batla balekane, ho reka lihlahisoa tsa thobalano, meqoqo ea thobalano, ho fihlella le ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​le ho ba le cybersex (Cooper & Griffin-Shelley, 2002). Tšebeliso ea litaba tsa thobalano tse fumanehang marang-rang e ka bapala karolo ea bohlokoa likamanong tse ikemiselitseng lipakeng tsa balekane (Olmstead, Negash, Pasley, & Fincham, 2013). Phuputsong ea baratani ba bong bo fapaneng ke Bridges le Morokoff (2011), 48.4% ea banna le 64.5% ea basali ba mohlaleng o bonts'itse hore ts'ebeliso ea litaba tsa thobalano ke karolo ea ho thabisa balekane ba bona. Leha ho batla litaba tsa thobalano tse fumanehang marang-rang ho ka baka liphihlelo tse ntle ho batho ka bomong, tšebeliso e fetelletseng ea marang-rang bakeng sa thobalano e ka senyeha mme / kapa ba lemalla (Daneback, Ross, le Månsson, 2006). Lithuto tsa Aydın, Sarı, le Şahin (2018) le Eichenberg, Huss, le Küsel (2017) e bonts'itse hore ho lemalla ho ts'oaroa ke cybersex e ka ba sesosa sa karohano ea banyalani le tlhalo. Ntle le moo, basebelisi ba cybersex ba tlaleha ho theoha ha takatso ea bona ea thobalano. Muusses, Kerkhof, le Finkenauer (2015) a lekola likamano tsa nako e khuts'oane le tsa nako e telele lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea litaba tsa thobalano tse fumanehang marang-rang le boleng ba likamano tsa batho ba nyalaneng mme a fumana kamano e mpe le e khutlisang pakeng tsa tšebeliso ea litaba tsa thobalano le liphetoho tsa likamano pakeng tsa banna. Ka mantsoe a mang, khotsofalo ea botona le botšehali ea banna le balekane ba bona e bontšitse ho theoha ha ts'ebeliso ea litaba tsa thobalano marang-rang ho banna selemong se tlang. Leha ho le joalo, tšebeliso ea litaba tsa thobalano tse fumanehang marang-rang ke basali ha e a ka ea ama khotsofalo ea thobalano le balekane ba bona.

Likamano tsa thobalano le khotsofalo ea kamano li its'etleha holima boholo ba balekane ho utloisisa litlhoko le litakatso tsa e mong (Peleg, 2008). Phetoho ea likamano ke ts'ebetso ea phetoho lipakeng tsa batho ba babeli, e susumetsoang ke bokhoni ba puisano pakeng tsa batho le boleng ba likamano tsa thobalano (Sinha & Mukerjee, 1990). Ho sebelisana 'moho ke e' ngoe ea liphatlalatso tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa khotsofalo ea kamano. Likamano tsa thobalano lia khotsofatsa bakeng sa batho ka bobeli eseng feela ha ho na le 'mele, empa hape le kamano pakeng tsa balekane ba thobalano.Roberts & David, 2016). Ho khotsofala ke kamano, tumellano, tumellano, le maikutlo a maikutlo le khotsofalo ea thobalano ke likarolo tse amang boleng ba likamano tsa lerato.Muusses et al., 2015). Ho sitoa ho theha kamano e lakatsehang ea thobalano le ho se khotsofale ka eona ho ka tsamaisana le ho fokotseha hoa thabo, khotsofalo ea bophelo, khatello ea maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha, ho qhekella, ho jeoa ke bolutu, ho hloka tšepo, ho ikhalala. Ho ka boela ha lebisa mathateng a ho etsa mesebetsi ea motsoali (Barzoki, Seyedroghani, le Azadarmaki, 2013; Heiman et al., 2011; McNulty, Wenner, & Fisher, 2016). Schmiedeberg le Schröder (2016) e bontšitse hore bolelele ba kamano bo amana le khotsofalo ea thobalano, boemo ba bophelo bo botle le kamano kamanong, athe mekhoa ea likhohlano e ka ama khotsofalo ea thobalano le balekane.

Ha ho fanoa ka ts'ebeliso e pharalletseng ea li-smartphones le ho kenya lits'ebetso tse fapaneng le khokahano ho Marang-rang le marang-rang a sechaba (Hertlein, 2012; Luo & Tuney, 2015), ho na le tlhoko e ntseng e eketseha ea ho etsa lipatlisiso ho hlahloba tšusumetso ea ts'ebeliso ea mahlale a joalo likamanong tsa thobalano le litho tsa ona, joalo ka ho ratana, ho khotsofala le tšebetso ea thobalano. Kaha lithuto tse tlang ho ba teng li ka bonts'a kamano e matla lipakeng tsa tse fapaneng le ho nahana ka bohlokoa ba kamano e joalo pakeng tsa marang-rang a marang-rang le boleng ba kamano ea lenyalo, thuto ena e ile ea lekola tšebeliso ea tšebeliso ea mecha ea litaba ea bophelo bo botle ba baratuoa ho kenyeletsa ts'ebetso ea thobalano, thobalano le kamano e haufi ea banyalani ka nako e telele.

barupeluoa ba

Patlisiso e teng e ne e le thuto e lebelletsoeng ho basali ba lebisitsoeng litsing tsa bophelo ba litoropo ba fumanang tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle toropong ea Qazvin ea Irani pakeng tsa Phato 2017 le Mphalane 2018. Iran, sistimi ea bophelo bo botle e sebetsa ka marang-rang. Marang-rang ana a na le ts'ebetso ea phetisetso, ho qala ho tloha litsing tsa tlhokomelo ea mantlha ho ea lipetleleng ho ea lipetleleng tse phahameng tsa litoropong tse kholo. Toropo ea Qazvin e na le litsi tsa bophelo tsa litoropong tsa 12 tse fanang ka lits'ebeletso tse fapaneng tsa tlhokomelo ho kenyelletsa tlhokomelo ea batsoetse, ho ima, ho beleha, ho beha leihlo tlhokomelo ea bana, ho thibela malwetsi le lits'ebeletso tsa tlhokomelo ea boimana. Litsi tsena tsa bophelo ba litoropo li amana le Univesithi ea Qazvin ea Saense ea Bongaka, 'me ho bolokiloe lirekoto tsa bophelo ba malapa litsing tsena.

Barupeluoa ba basali ba kenyelelitsoe ho latela maemo a ho ba le lilemo tse 18 kapa ho feta, ba lenyalong kapa ba etsang thobalano nakong ea likhoeli tse 6 tse fetileng, le boikemisetso ba ho nka karolo thutong. Mekhoa ea ho khetholla e ne e le (a) ho ba le mafu a sa foleng a mmele (mohlala, lefu la tsoekere le mafu a pelo le methapo) kapa mafu a matla a kelello, (b) ho sebelisa lithethefatsi tse amang tšebetso ea thobalano (mohlala, lithethefatsi tsa kelello le lithethefatsi tse thibelang khatello ea mali), le (c) baimana le ba anyesang basali. Kamora ts'ebetso ena ea ho hira, basali ba nyetsoeng ba 938 ba nkile karolo thutong ena.

Mehato

Lintho tse fapaneng tse ithutoang thutong ena li kenyelletsa temallo ea mecha ea phatlalatso, tšebetso ea thobalano ea basali, khatello ea botona le botšehali, kamano e haufi le kamano, tšehetso ea sechaba, matšoenyeho le khatello ea maikutlo. Ntle le moo, ho ithutile ka mefuta ea batho ka bongata ho kenyeletsa lilemo, boemo ba thuto ba mosali le monna oa hae, boemo ba mosebetsi, nako ea lenyalo, khafetsa ea likamano tsa botona le botšehali ka khoeli, nalane ea boimana, index ea 'mele, boemo ba basali ba ho ba le bana le ho tsuba li ile tsa ithutoa.

Tlatsetso ho mecha ea litaba ea sechaba e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS; Andreassen et al., 2016). BSMAS e na le lintho tse tšeletseng sethaleng sa XertNXX-likert sa 5 (ka seoelo) ho 5 (khafetsa). BSMAS e kenyelletsa likarolo tse tšeletseng tsa mantlha tsa tahi (ke hore, boikhohomoso, ho feto-fetoha ha maikutlo, mamello, ho tlohela, likhohlano le ho khutlela morao). Lintlha tse phahameng ho BSMAS li amana le ho lemalla tšebeliso e mpe ea litaba tsa sechaba haholo, 'me lintlha tse kaholimo ho 19 li bontša hore motho eo o kotsing ea ho lemalla tšebeliso ea litaba tsa sechaba (Bányai et al., 2017). Sekala se fetoletsoe ho Farsi ka netefatso e netefalitsoeng le ho tšepahala (Lin, Broström, Nilsen, Griffiths, & Pakpour, 2017). Cronbach's α ea BSMAS thutong ena e ne e le .84.

Ts'ebetso ea thobalano ea basali e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa Index ea Mosebetsi oa Likamano tsa Botona le Botšehali (FSFI; Lin, Burri, Fridlund, & Pakpour, 2017; Lin, Oveisi, Burri, & Pakpour, 2017; Rosen et al., 2000). E lekola ts'ebetso ea thobalano ho basali ba sebelisang lipotso tsa 19 tse nang le libaka tse tšeletseng tse ikemetseng, ho kenyelletsa takatso (lipotso tsa 2), ts'usumetso ea kelello (lipotso tsa 4), lubrication (lipotso tsa 4), orgasms (lipotso tsa 3), khotsofalo (lipotso tsa 3), le bohloko ba thobalano ( Lipotso tsa 3). Thepa ea psychometric ea mofuta oa Farsi oa FSFI e fumanoe e khotsofatsa (Fakhri, Pakpour, Burri, Morshedi, & Zeidi, 2012). Cronbach's α ea FSFI thutong ena e ne e le .87.

Matšoenyeho a basali e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa Female Sexual Distress Scale - Revised (FSDS-R). Ena ke tekanyo ea ho itlaleha ka lintho tsa 13 tse hlahlobang likarolo tse fapaneng tsa liketso tsa thobalano tsa basali. Lipotso tsohle li na le 5-point Likert score from 0 (ha ho mohla) ho 4 (kamehla). Ha lintlha li phahama haholoanyane, ke moo ho sithabetsang likamano tsa botona le botšehali ho eketsehileng. Kakaretso ka kakaretso e fumanoa ke motsoako oa lintlha tsohle tsa lipotso (DeRogatis, Clayton, Lewis-D'Agostino, Wunderlich, & Fu, 2008). Ho nepahala le ho tšepahala ha mofuta oa eona oa Farsi ho tiisitsoe (Azimi Nekoo et al., 2014). Cronbach's α ea FSDS-R thutong ena e ne e le .81.

Setsoalle e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa Unidimensional Relationship Closeness Scale (URCS). URCS ke tekanyo ea ho itlaleha e nang le lintho tsa 12 tse lekolang boemo ba ho ba haufi le batho ka bomong le likamano tsa sechaba (Dibble, Levine, & Park, 2012). Liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea URCS lihlopheng tse fapaneng (baratani ba ratanang ka koleche, metsoalle ea basali le batho bao ba sa ba tsebeng, metsoalle le litho tsa lelapa) li bonts'itse hore e na le bonnete le ts'epahalo (Dibble et al., 2012). Thutong ena, URCS e fetoletsoe ho Farsi ho latela tataiso ea maemo a machabeng a phetolelo (Pakpour, Zeidi, Yekaninejad, le Burri, 2014). Ka lebaka leo, ts'ebetso ea botšepehi ba "Fersi URCS" e ne e le 0.91 ka nako ea beke ea 2 'me moqapi oa Cronbach e ne e le .88. Ho feta moo, sebopeho sa unidimensional sa URCS se tiisitsoe.

Tšehetso ea sechaba e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS; Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet, & Farley, 1988). Sekala sena se na le lintho tsa 12 ka sekhahla sa lintlha tsa 5 ho tloha grade 1 (ho se lumellane ka ho felletseng) ho 5 (lumellana ka botlalo). Likalo tse tlase le tse phahameng ke 12 le 60, ka ho latellana. Thepa ea Psychometric ea Farsi MSPSS e netefalitsoe ke Salimi, Joukar, le Nikpour (2009). Cronbach's α ea MSPSS thutong ena e ne e le .93.

Ho t soenyeha le ho tepella maikutlong ba ile ba hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa sepetlele sa bongaka ba sepetlele le khatello ea maikutlo (HADS; Zigmond & Snaith, 1983). Sekala sena se na le lipotso tsa 14 ka li-subscales tse peli tsa matšoenyeho le khatello ea maikutlo ho 4-point Likert wadogo ho tloha 0 ho 3. Palo e phahameng ho subscale ka 'ngoe ke 21. Lipalo tse kaholimo ho 11 ka subscale ka ngoe li supa bokuli ba kelello, bongata ba 8-10 li emetse linyeoe tsa moeli, le lintlha tse ngata tsa 0-7 li nkoa li tloaelehile. Sebaka sa Psychometric sa Farsi HADS se tiisitsoe ke Montazeri, Vahdaninia, Ebrahimi, le Jarvandi (2003) le Lin le Pakpour (2017). Cronbach's α ea HADS thutong ena e ne e le .90.

Tsamaiso

Mokhoa o mong oa sampole oa lihlopha tse ngata o hlophisitsoeng o ile oa sebelisoa. Ho fihlela phapang e kholo le phapang ea moruo le sechaba, sehlopha sa lipatlisiso se ikopantse le litsi tsohle tsa bophelo bo botle tsa litoropong toropong ea Qazvin. Kamora ho fumana tumello, bafuputsi ba ikopanye le barupeluoa ba tšoanelehang mme ba ba kopa ho nka karolo ho ithuteng. Lifaele tse lekholo li ile tsa khethoa ka tšohanyetso tsa ba tsa hlahlojoa hore li kenyele tlhahlobo ea mohala. Basali bao ba fumaneng mokhoa oa ho kenyelletsa / ho khetholloa ba ile ba botsoa ho tlatsa mehato ea ho ithuta molemong oa lithuto tsa bophelo ba litoropong. Ba nkile karolo ba ile ba lateloa nako ea likhoeli tsa 6. Likhoeli tse tšeletseng hamorao, basali ba tšoanang ba ile ba kopuoa hore ba phethe ts'ebetso ea thobalano, khatello ea maikutlo le thobalano le khatello ea maikutlo le khatello ea maikutlo ka lekhetlo la bobeli.

Lipatlisiso tsa sethathamo

Lintlha tse tsoelang pele li ile tsa hlahisoa e le mokhoa oa ho kheloha [standardSD)] le tlhaiso-leseling e hlophisitsoeng e sebelisitsoe ho sebelisoa lipalo le liperesente tsa makhetlo. Likamano tsa tatellano ea Zero li ile tsa etsoa ho tseba likamano tsa bivariate lipakeng tsa mefuta ea thuto, ho kenyeletsoa methati ea mantlha le methati ea ho latela. Tlhatlhobo ea lipakeng e ile ea etsoa ho lekola hore na litlamorao tsa bokhoba ba litaba tsa sechaba ka ts'ebetso ea thobalano / khatello ea thobalano li buelletsoe ke ts'ehetso e lemohuoang ea sechaba le kamano e haufi ka ho sebelisa mekhoa ea bootstrapping. Ka hona, ho ile ha etsoa mefuta e 'meli ea bonamoli (ke hore, Model A e sebelisitsoeng FSFI joalo ka tekanyo ea sephetho le Model B e sebelisitse FSDS-R joalo ka tekanyo ea sephetho). Mofuteng o mong le o mong, likamano tse latelang li ile tsa lekoa: (a) phello ea BSMAS ho FSFI kapa FSDS-R (tsela "c" ho Setšoantšo. 1), (b) phello ea BSMAS ho babuelli (ke hore, tšehetso e lemohuoang ea sechaba le kamano e haufi-ufi;1”Le“ a2”Ho Setšoantšo 1), le (iii) litlamorao tsa mokena-lipakeng (ts'ebeliso e tšehelitsoeng ea tšehetso ea sechaba le kamano e haufi) ho FSFI kapa FSDS-R (litsela "b1”Le“ b2”Ho Setšoantšo 1). Ntle le moo, likhothaletso tsa mehato e meraro ho tsoa ho Krull le MacKinnon (1999) li sebelisitsoe ho sebetsana le tšusumetso ea data e kopaneng. Kamora nako, lilemo, thuto ea monna, khatello ea maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha, FSFI, le FSDS-R ho motheo li ile tsa fetoloa bakeng sa Mohlala A le B ka bobeli.

Setšoantšo sa 1. Mehlala ea phetisetso e kholo e nang le ts'ehetso ea ts'ebelisano ea sechaba le kamano e atamelaneng joalo ka babuelli ba maikutlo ba phello ea bokhoba ba litaba tsa kahisano mabapi le ts'ebetso ea thobalano, khatello ea thobalano, khatello ea maikutlo le matšoenyeho. BSMAS: Bergen Social Addiction Scale; FSFI: Index ea Mosebetsi oa ho Kopanela Liphate; FSDS-R: Tekanyo ea Khatello ea Kopano ea Basali le Basali - E ntlafalitsoe

PROCESS macro ho SPSS (Hayes, 2013; Model 4) e sebelisitsoe ho etsa tlhahlobo e mengata ea phehisano. Ts'ebetso ea bootstrap ea likarabo tsa 10,000 e sebelisitsoe ho lekola bohlokoa ba litlamorao tse sa tobang. Ho ba sieo ha zero ho 95% bias-fixed le ho potlakisa sekhahla sa kholiseho (CI) ho hlokahala ho tsebahatsa litlamorao. Litlhahlobo tsa lipalopalo li entsoe ho sebelisoa mofuta oa SPSS 24 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) ka boemo ba bohlokoa bo behiloeng ho α = .05.

Ethics

Tlhahiso ea lipatlisiso e amohetsoe ke Komiti ea Boitšoaro bakeng sa Patlisiso ea Biology Univesithing ea Qazvin ea Saense ea Bongaka. Litokomane tsa ho etsa sampole li fumanoe ho ba boholong ba loketseng. Pele ho pokello ea data, maikutlo ohle a mabapi le melao ea boitšoaro a kenyeletsang litlhaloso tsa boithuto, sephiri le makunutu a tlhaiso-leseling, ho se tsejoe, tokoloho ea ho nka karolo thutong, le ho ikhula thutong e ile ea nkuoa le ho hlalosoa. Ntle le moo, foromo e ngotsoeng e nang le tsebo e ngolisitsoeng e ile ea saena ke bohle ba neng ba nkile karolo.

Results

Barupeluoa (n = 938) o ne a le lilemo li bolelele ba lilemo tse 36.5 (SD = 6.8). Selemo se bolelang sa thuto e ne e le lilemo tse 11.7 bakeng sa bankakarolo le lilemo tse 12.24 bakeng sa banna ba bona. Nako ea lenyalo e bolelang e ne e le lilemo tse 9.7. Ba fetang halofo ea bona e ne e le bo-'mè ba malapa mme 88% ea bona e ne e le lilemong tsa premenopausal. Ntle le moo, 36% ea bona e bile le nalane ea bokhachane.

Lits'oants'o tse kholo ka nqa e ngoe le e ngoe li ne li le ka tsela e latelang: bokhoba ba litaba tsa sechaba = 15.6 (ntle le 30), ts'ebeliso ea tšehetso ea sechaba = 53.2 (ntle le 60), kamano e haufi = 4.9 (ntle le 7), ts'ebetso ea thobalano = 27.7 (ntle le 95) , matšoenyeho = 7.7 (kantle ho 21), khatello ea maikutlo = 6.2 (kantle ho 21), le khatello ea maikutlo ka thobalano = 7.4 (kantle ho 52). Kamora nako ea likhoeli tsa 6, bongata bo bolelang ho tšoenyeha le khatello ea maikutlo bo ile ba eketseha hanyane ka hanyane mme palo ea boits'oaro ea ts'ebetso ea thobalano le khatello ea thobalano e fokotsehile hanyane. Tafole 1 e bonts'a palo ea batho, mekhoa, le SDs ho motheo le kamora likhoeli tsa 6.

Tafole 1. Litloaelo tsa bankakarolo (N = 938)

Tafole 1. Litloaelo tsa bankakarolo (N = 938)

litsobotsin (%) kapa M (SD)
Baseline
 Lilemo (lilemo)36.5 (6.8)
 Lilemo tsa thuto11.7 (4.8)
 Palo ea thuto ea lilemo (monna)12.24 (5.9)
 Nako ea lenyalo (lilemo)9.7 (6.4)
 Maqhubu a lichelete (ka khoeli)5.2 (3.9)
 Ho tsuba hajoale137 (14.6%)
Boemo ba mosebetsi
 Ha ba sebetse677 (55.3%)
 O sebelisitsoe261 (23.0%)
 seithuti se158 (16.8%)
Boemo ba ho khaotsa ho khaotsa banna
 Ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli113 (12.0%)
 Ho khaotsa pele ho nako825 (88.0%)
Parity
 0315 (33.6%)
 1341 (36.3%)
 2209 (22.3%)
 ≥373 (7.8%)
BMI (kg / m2)22.9 (6.2)
Baseline
 Bokhoba ba litaba tsa sechaba15.6 (5.8)
 Tšehetso ea sechaba e lemohuoang53.2 (10.7)
 Kamano e haufi4.9 (0.9)
 Ts'ebetso ea thobalano27.7 (4.6)
 ho Tšoenyeha7.7 (4.9)
 ho tepella maikutlo6.2 (4.8)
 Matšoenyeho a basali7.4 (3.7)
Likhoeli tse tšeletseng kamora ho bea
 Ts'ebetso ea thobalano27.0 (4.9)
 ho Tšoenyeha7.9 (4.7)
 ho tepella maikutlo6.4 (4.5)
 Matšoenyeho a basali7.3 (3.4)

Hlokomela. SD: ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng; BMI: index ea boima ba 'mele.

Lethathamo 2 e hlahisa liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea tatellano ea li-zero ka tatellano pakeng tsa MSPSS, BSMAS, FSFI (qalong le ho latela), matšoenyeho (motheong oa ho latela le ho latela), khatello ea maikutlo (ka ho latela le ho latela), FSDS-R (qalong le ho latella), le URCS. Liphetho li bonts'itse hore FSFI ka likhoeli tsa 6 e ne e amana hantle le MSPSS le URCS, empa e ne e sa tsamaisane hantle le ho tšoenyeha, le khatello ea maikutlo likhoeling tsa 6, le ts'ebetso ea litaba tsa sechaba.

Tafole 2. Likahare tsa tlhabollo ea ts'ebetso ea thobalano, matšoenyeho, khatello ea maikutlo, ho lemalla mecha ea litaba sechabeng, kamano e haufi, le khatello ea maikutlo

Tafole 2. Likahare tsa tlhabollo ea ts'ebetso ea thobalano, matšoenyeho, khatello ea maikutlo, ho lemalla mecha ea litaba sechabeng, kamano e haufi, le khatello ea maikutlo

BSMASaFSFIaho Tšoenyehaaho tepella maikutloaFSDS-RaURCSaFSFIbho Tšoenyehabho tepella maikutlobFSDS-Rb
MSPSSa-0.140.21-0.24-0.34-0.400.280.24-0.21-0.30-0.43
BSMASa--0.220.290.450.25-0.27-0.280.330.440.32
FSFIa---0.29-0.37-0.320.200.58-0.37-0.40-0.38
ho Tšoenyehaa---0.510.48-0.38-0.410.550.500.48
ho tepella maikutloa----0.49-0.21-0.480.440.560.69
FSDS-Ra------0.26-0.490.500.440.54
URCSa------0.27-0.31-0.28-0.33
FSFIb--------0.41-0.390.51
ho Tšoenyehab--------0.400.37
ho tepella maikutlob---------0.35

Hlokomela. MSPSS: Sekala se Seholo sa Ts'ehetso ea Sechaba; BSMAS: Bergen Social Addiction Scale; FSFI: Index ea Mosebetsi oa ho Kopanela Liphate; FSDS-R: Tekanyo ea Khatello ea Basali ea Basali - E Nchafalitsoe; URCS: Likamano tse haufi tsa kamano. Tsohle p litekanyetso <.01.

aE hlahlojoa ho likhoeli tsa 6. bE lekantsoe motheong oa motheo.

Tekanyo eo ba boneng ts'ehetso ea sechaba le kamano e haufi e atamelaneng kamanong lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba ho lemalla litheko sechabeng le ts'ebetsong ea thobalano (Model A) / khatello ea thobalano (Model B) e ile ea lekoa. Liphetho tse ipapisitseng le li-sampuli tsa "bootN" tsa 10,000 tse khethiloeng ka leeme li bontšitse hore phello e felletseng ea temallo ea mecha ea litaba ho FSFI e ne e le bohlokoa (B = -0.93, p <.001), le URCS le MSPSS li hlalosang 31.3% ea kamano lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba litaba tsa sechaba le FSFI. Ho bile le phello e sa tobang ea bokhoba ba litaba tsa sechaba ho FSFI ka URCS: B = -0.16, SE = 0.05, 95% CI = [-0.29, -0.09]. Hape ho bile le phello e sa tobang ka MSPSS: B = -0.11, SE = 0.03, 95% CI = [-0.19, -0.06] (Tafole 3; Mohlala A).

Tafole 3. Mehlala ea litlamorao tsa tlhekefetso ea mecha ea phatlalatso ea basali litabeng tsa thobalano, khatello ea maikutlo ka thobalano, le khatello ea maikutlo le basireletsi ba tšehetso eo ba e nkang sechabeng le kamano e haufi.

Tafole 3. Mehlala ea litlamorao tsa tlhekefetso ea mecha ea phatlalatso ea basali litabeng tsa thobalano, khatello ea maikutlo ka thobalano, le khatello ea maikutlo le basireletsi ba tšehetso eo ba e nkang sechabeng le kamano e haufi.

Li kopaneSEtp
Mohlala A. Mohloli o fapaneng oa katleho: FSFI
 Phello e felletseng ea BSMAS ho FSFI-0.930.146.83<.001
 Liphello tsa BSMAS ho FSFI ka mohlala o kopaneng
  Phello e tobileng ea BSMAS ho 'muellia
   URCS-0.390.04-8.54<.001
   MSPSS-0.250.06-4.37.003
 Phello e tobileng ea BSMAS ho FSFI-0.670.14-4.77<.001
 Phello e sa tobang ea BSMAS ho FSFIle phelloBoot SEBoot LLCIBoot ULCI
 Kakaretso-0.270.07-0.44-.16
 URCS-0.160.05-0.29-.09
 MSPSS-0.110.03-0.19-.06
Mohlala B. Mohloli o fapaneng: FSDS-R
 Phello e felletseng ea BSMAS ho FSDS-R1.230.157.94<.001
 Liphello tsa BSMAS ho FSDS-R ka mohlala o kopaneng
  Phello e tobileng ea BSMAS ho 'muellia
   URCS-0.380.05-8.42<.001
   MSPSS-0.240.06-4.18<.001
 Ketso e tobileng ea BSMAS ho FSDS-R0.580.144.17<.001
 Phello e sa tobang ea BSMAS ho FSDS-Rle phelloBoot SEBoot LLCIBoot ULCI
 Kakaretso0.650.160.431.01
 URCS0.380.100.24.62
 MSPSS0.260.080.15.46

Hlokomela. Lilemo, thuto ea monna, litekanyetso tsa motheo tsa khatello ea maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha, FSFI, le FSDS-R li ile tsa fetoloa molemong oa Model A le B. MSPSS: Makala a Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; BSMAS: Bergen Social Addiction Scale; FSFI: Index ea Mosebetsi oa ho Kopanela Liphate; FSDS-R: Tekanyo ea Khatello ea Basali ea Basali - E Nchafalitsoe; URCS: Kameho e haufi ea Likamano; Boot SE: phoso ea standardstr boot; Boot LLCI: bootstriling moeli o tlase oa nako ea ts'epo; Boot ULCI: bootstrapping holimo moeli oa nako ea ho itšepa.

aBarekisi ba ile ba hlahlojoa motheong oa motheo.

Ho Model B (Lethathamo 3), phello e sa tobang ea ho lemalla ha mecha ea litaba ea sechaba ka FSDS-R e ne e le ea bohlokoa le lipalo (B = 1.23, p <.001), le URCS le MSPSS li hlalosang 45.6% ea kamano lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba litaba tsa sechaba le FSDS-R. Mabapi le litlamorao tse ikhethileng, URCS ka bobeli (B = 0.38, SE = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.24, 0.62) le MSPSS (B = 0.26, SE = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.15, 0.46) e ne e le babuelli ba bohlokoa lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba litaba tsa sechaba le FSDS-R.

Puisano

Ena ke thuto ea pele ea ho fuputsa phello ea bokhoba ba media oa sechaba ka ts'ebetso ea thobalano ea basali, ho nahanoa ka karolo e phelisang ea ts'ehetso ea sechaba le sechaba kamanong ea lenyalo ba sebelisa thuto e lebelloang ea nako e telele nakong ea nako ea likhoeli tse 6. McNulty et al. (2016) thutong e telele ea banyalani ba 207 lilemong tsa pele tsa lenyalo tsa 4-5 li tlaleha hore ha nako e ntse e ea, khotsofalo ea lenyalo, khotsofalo ea thobalano le khafetsa likamanong tsa thobalano ho banyalani li fokotsehile. Maikutlo a lerato, likhohlano tsa lenyalo le khotsofalo ea lenyalo li ka ama khotsofalo ea thobalano, e phethang karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea basali ea thobalano (Pakpour et al., 2015).

Matšoenyeho le khatello ea maikutlo ke maemo a kelello a amang ts'ebetso ea thobalano ea basali (Burri, Rahman, & Spector, 2011; Johannes et al., 2009; Johnson, Phelps, & Cottler, 2004; Serati et al., 2010). Liphetho tsa thuto ena li bonts'itse hore ho hloka thobalano ha basali ho ne ho amana le khatello ea maikutlo le matšoenyeho. Ka lebaka leo, boitlamo ba inthaneteng le mecha ea litaba ea sechaba ke ntho e 'ngoe e entseng hore basali ba se sebetse hantle thobalanong. Liphetho tsena li tsamaisana le lipatlisiso tsa pejana mabapi le tšusumetso ea tšebetso ea mecha ea litaba mabapi le tšebetso ea thobalano. Zheng le Zheng (2014) o fumane hore boleng ba likamano tsa thobalano tsa batho ka bomong bo angoa ke mesebetsi ea inthanete le ts'ebeliso ea litaba tsa thobalano inthaneteng. Ba tlalehile hore e 'ngoe ea tse boletsoeng esale pele ka thobalano inthaneteng e ne e le ho batla maikutlo a thobalano. Ba fumane hore phetoho ea boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba thobalano e fetotsoe ke boits'oaro ba thobalano ka lebaka la tloaelo ea ho ba le boiphihlelo bo bocha le bo khahlisang ba thobalano. Takatso ea thobalano, maikutlo le boits'oaro li ne li amana hantle le ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa thobalano inthaneteng. Litlamorao tse mpe tsa ts'ebeliso ea litaba tsa thobalano inthaneteng mabapi le ho tsamaelana le thobalano le khotsofalo ea thobalano le tsona li hlokometsoe ke Muusses et al. (2015). Ba bontšitse hore tšebeliso ea litaba tsa thobalano tse fumanehang marang-rang ke banna li na le kamano e kholo le e fapaneng hape le khokahano ea bona ea thobalano le khotsofalo. Leha ts'ebeliso ea litaba tsa thobalano e fumanehang marang-rang e ka baka liphihlelo tse ntle ho batho ba itseng (Marokho & Morokoff, 2011), Eichenberg et al. (2017) le Aydın et al. (2018) e bonts'itse hore basebelisi ba nang le ts'ebetso ea thobalano marang-rang ba ne ba le leqe ho ba le likamano tsa nnete tsa thobalano. Hobane ho se sebetse hantle ka thobalano ho ka bakoa ke ho sitisoa ke tloaelo, ho tsosa, ho hlonama, le bohloko ba thobalano (APA, 2013), tahlehelo ea takatso ea thobalano e ka amahanngoa le ho hloka thobalano ha basali.

Leha litlamorao tsa thuto ena li tlaleha tšusumetso ea ts'ebeliso ea mecha ea litaba ea ts'ebetso ea thobalano, phapang lipakeng tsa thuto ena le lipatlisiso tse fetileng ke hore tlhatlhobo ea mecha ea litaba ea sechaba e fumanoeng thutong ena, e sa kang ea kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea litaba tsa thobalano. Sechabeng sa mehleng ena, kaha ho na le phihlello e ntseng e eketseha ea Marang-rang, tšebeliso ea mathata a marang-rang le mecha ea phatlalatso e thehiloeng marang-rang ha e amane feela le litaba tsa eona, empa e amana le nako e sebelisitsoeng ho sebelisoa mecha ea phatlalatso le kamoo likamano tsa batho li thehang kateng (Whitty, 2008). Ho qeta nako le matla mesebetsing e thehiloeng inthaneteng ho ka ama likarolo tse ngata tsa bophelo ba motho (Dong & Potenza, 2014). McDaniel le Coyne (2016) o fumane hore ts'ebeliso ea mahlale a joalo a kena-kenana le kamano lipakeng tsa lerato le khotsofalo kamanong. Kameho e joalo thutong ena e ile ea fuputsoa ka ho lekola karolo ea kamano le ho lemohuoa tšehetso ea sechaba e le babuelli. Haholo-holo, thuto ena e bontšitse hore tšehetso ea sechaba le botsoalle li arabetse karolo e kholo ea phapano ea likamano lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea litaba tsa sechaba le mosebetsi oa thobalano (31.1%) le khatello ea thobalano (45.6%). Ka hona, liphetho tsa liphuputso li netefalitse hore temallo ea mecha ea litaba ea sechaba ha e kenyeletse ka kotlolloho thobalanong ea basali empa hape ka ho sa tsamaee ka phokotso ea boholo ba kamano pakeng tsa banyalani le ho lemoha tšehetso ea sechaba.

sheba mefokolo ea

Lisosa tse ka sehloohong tsa thuto ena e ne e le khaello ea phihlello ea balekane ba karolo ea basali. Ka hona, tlhaiso-leseling mabapi le litšobotsi tsa monna le likamano tsa botona le botšehali ha ea bokelloa. Ha ho fanoa ka 'nete ea hore likamano tsa lenyalo li kopane ebile lia ameha ka bobeli ba mosali le molekane oa hae, le hore litšobotsi tsa monna le likamano tsa botona le botšehali li ama ts'ebetso ea thobalano ea basali, ho khothalletsoa lithuto tsa nako e tlang mabapi le banyalani. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore mofuta oa tlhaiso-leseling ea tlhaiso-leseling e ka ba le khethollo e tsebahalang (joalo ka mohopolo oa ho hopola le ho lakatsa sechaba).

Nahanisisa

Phuputso ena e bontšitse hore ho lemalla taolo ea litaba sechabeng ho ama hampe ts'ebetso ea thobalano ea basali. Ka hona, ho tsotella karolo ea mecha ea litaba ea sechaba ka sechaba ho bohlokoa ho ntlafatseng likamano le ho ts'ehetsana. Tlhabollo ea thobalano e lokela ho nkuoa e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho lekola boits'oaro ba motho molemong oa tšebeliso ea mecha ea litaba ea sechaba, haholo ha e le ngata haholo kapa e le bothata. Ntle le moo, ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea boitšoaro ho thusa ho ntlafatsa boits'oaro ba batho ts'ebelisong ea bona ea litaba tsa sechaba e lokela ho rarolleloa leano la kalafo le kenyeletsang basali ba nang le bothata ba thobalano.

Menehelo ea bangoli

ZA le AHP ba thehile thuto mme ba ngola protocol. VI le AHP ba ile ba bokella lintlha mme ba etsa tlhahlobo ea lipalo. MDG le C-YL ba kentse letsoho ho hlophiseheng, ho toloka le ho ntlafatsa lits'ebetso. Bangoli bohle ba kentse letsoho ho fana ka tumello ea mofuta oa ho qetela oa buka e ngotsoeng ka letsoho.

Khohlano ea thahasello

MDG ke mohokahanyi oa mofuta oa mantlha oa Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS). Bangoli bohle ba tlaleha hore ha ho na kamano ea lichelete kapa tse ling tse amanang le taba ea pampiri ena.

References

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