Tlhahlobo ea Tšebeliso ea Litšoantšo tsa Bootsoa Inthaneteng: Papiso ea Likala tse tharo le mekhoa e tsoakiloeng (2020)

Int. J. Environ. Res. Bophelo ba Sechaba 2020, 17(2), 488;

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020488

by Lijun Chen * 'me Xiaoliu Jiang
Lefapha la Psychology, Sekolo sa Botho le Saense ea Sechaba, Univesithi ea Fuzhou, Fuzhou 350108, China
E amohetsoe: 12 Pulungoana 2019 / E amohetsoeng: 10 Pherekhong 2020 / E phatlalalitsoe: 12 Pherekhong 2020

inahaneloang

Morero oa mantlha oa thuto ena e ne e le ho bapisa lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa ho hlahloba litšoantšo bakeng sa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso inthaneteng (IPU) le ho khetholla mohato o nepahetseng haholo. Ho ts'epahala le ho nepahala ha sekala tse tharo, e leng, Sekala se Sebetsang sa Bootsoa ba Litšila tsa Bootsoa (PPCS), Bothata ba ho Sebelisa Litšoantšo tsa Bootsoa, ​​le Phuputso e Akaretsang ea Inthanete e Fumanoang ho Ts'ebetso ea thobalano inthaneteng (s-IAT-thobalano) e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa mekhoa e meraro e sa sebetseng. lihlopha, ka ho latellana. Kakaretso ea batho ba baholo ba 972 (e bolela lilemo = 24.8) ho tsoa liprofinseng / 28 tsa Chaena tse nkile karolo karolong ea bongata (QUAN). Screener ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea boitšoaro bo bobe e ile ea sebelisoa e le moelelo o akaretsang. PPCS e bonts'itse ts'epahalo e matla le ho nepahala, ho kenyelletsa bonnete ba lintlha, hammoho le tlhalohanyo e kholo le tlhaiso e amohelehang; ka hona, e ne e nkuoa e le sesebelisoa se nepahetseng haholoanyane sa tlhahlobo. Karolong ea boleng (QUAL), re buisane le baithaopi ba 22 le lingaka tse 11 (tse neng li sebelitse le batho ba nang le bothata ba IPU) ho lekola maikutlo a bona mabapi le likarolo tsa mantlha tsa IPU e nang le mathata le boholo ba PPCS. Hoo e batlang e le lipuisano tsohle li buellang sebopeho sa PPCS. Liphumano tsena li khothaletsa tšebeliso ea PPCS lithutong tsa morao-rao tsa lipatlisiso mme e tiisa lits'ebetso tsa eona tsa tlhahlobo ka lebaka la bokhoni ba eona ba ho khetholla IPU e le mathata kapa e se ts'itiso ea letho.
Mantsoe a bohlokoa: tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso; tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa marang-rang; tekanyo ea mathata a tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa; tekanyo ea mathata a ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa; liteko tse khutšoane tsa bokhoba ba marang-rang tse ikopantseng le litaba tsa thobalano tse fumanehang marang-rang

1. Selelekela

Tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa marang-rang (IPU) ke boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho etsa thobalano.1], e tsamaellanang le ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang ho etsa liketso tse fapaneng tsa khotsofalo tsa thobalano tse tsejoang hape ka ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng kapa cybersex [2,3,4]. E na le liketso tse fapaneng tsa thobalano marang-rang (OSAs), ho kenyelletsa ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​phapanyetsano ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa marang-rang, ho kopanela lipuisanong tsa botona le botšehali, ho sebelisa marang-rang a thobalano, ho batla balekane ba thobalano, kapa ho etsa karolo ea thobalano, e leng ho bona litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​e leng ketsahalo e tummeng haholo [5]. Ho latela liphumano tse fetileng, ho kenella ho IPU ka linako tse ling ho hlahisa litlamorao tse fapaneng tse kang mathata a lichelete, molao, mosebetsi le mathata a kamano kapa mathata a motho.6]. Maikutlo a ho lahleheloa ke taolo le tšebeliso e phehellang leha ho na le liphetho tsena tse bohloko li kenyelletsa cybersex kapa IPU e nang le mathata. Ho fihla joale, ha ho tumellano e teng mabapi le conceptualization le tlhahlobo ea mathata a IPU. Mohlala, ho sebelisitsoe mantsoe a mangata ho hlalosa ketsahalo ena (mohlala, tšebeliso ea likamano tsa botona le botšehali inthaneteng [7,8], mathata a amanang le thobalano marang-rang [9], lekhoba la cybersex [10], le tšebeliso e litšila ea inthanete e sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa [6]). Le ha likhopolo tsena li fapana hanyane, kaofela li na le likarolo tse tharo tsa bohlokoa: mahareng (marang-rang), litaba tsa (boitšoaro ba thobalano), le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea mathata (boitšoaro bo qobelloang). Ho sa tsotellano ea ngangisano, joale ho amoheloa hore ho nka karolo ho feteletseng ho IPU kapa cybersex e ka fetoha ho se sebetse 'me ho hokahana le matšoao a bokhoba ba (mohlala, tahlehelo ea taolo, ts'ebeliso e qobelloang). Ka lebaka la mantsoe ana a sa lumellaneng a arolelana likarolo tsa bohlokoa, IPU e nang le bothata e ka nkuoa e le tšebeliso e mpe ea tšebeliso ea marang-rang e nang le bothata ho tsoa ponong ea sehlopha, e ka thusang ho nts'etsapele liteko tsa tleliniki le lipatlisiso mabapi le ho ata ha tsona le tšusumetso.
Leha ho le joalo, bopaki mabapi le IPU ea bothata ha bo lumellane, ka lebaka la heterogeneity ea sesebelisoa sa tlhahlobo. Lebaka la mantlha ke hore tlhaloso le litekanyetso tsa tlhahlobo ea IPU e nang le bothata ha li sa hlakile. Bakeng sa ho sebetsana le maemo ana a makatsang, bafuputsi ba hlahisitse likala tse 'maloa tse lekanyang likarolo tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa [11]. Likala tse ling tse khutšoane li bonolo ho feta ho li tsamaisa, empa li hatisa temallo ea boits'oaro (mohlala, cyber-Pornograph Use Inventory-9). E meng ea likala tsena e etselitsoe ho lekola sepheo sa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse ts'oanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa har'a banna ba senang maikutlo (mohlala, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa) [12]. Sekala se seng se hloleha ho nka likarolo tse fapaneng tsa IPU e nang le mathata mme se tsepamisa maikutlo feela mehatong e itseng (mohlala, Lenaneo la Lipotso tsa Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​PCQ). Ntle le moo, liwebsaete tse ling tse fumanehang lefatšeng ka bophara li fana ka Teko ea ho Tseba ka Litla-morao tsa cybersex, Tlhahlobo ea ho Kopanela Liphate ka Thobalano, le Tlhahlobo ea Tlatsetso ea Thobalano, e lekolang mathata ho sebelisa boitšoaro, litlamorao tsa lona tse mpe, le mathata a sechaba a amanang le liketso tsa thobalano. Ntle le moo, ho hlahloba IPU, ho sebelisa mekhoa ea bokhoba ba thobalano, ho kenyelletsa liphephetso tse 'maloa. Haholo-holo, litlhahlobo tsena li kanna tsa sitoa ho fumana litšobotsi tsa ketso (mohlala, cybersex e thehiloeng ho puisano, lipapali tsa video tsa thobalano tse ke keng tsa bapaloa ntle ho tšenyo ea nako) le matšoao (mohlala, karohano ho tsoa ho 'nete ka lebaka la ho qoelisoa lefats'eng le ikhethileng le ikhethang. Ho sebetsana le lekhalo lena ka har'a lingoliloeng le ho etsa lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng sebakeng sena, litlhahlobo tse nang le thepa e matla ea psychometric li hlokahala haholo.5,7].
Likala tse 'maloa tsa IPU tse nang le mathata li fumaneha ho bafuputsi le lingaka. Ka sebele, tlhahlobo ea morao-rao ea meta e bontšitse lisebelisoa tse 22 tsa psychometric tse lekolang tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso.11]. Ho seng joalo, boholo ba lithuto tse ileng tsa etsoa lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng li ne li sebelisitse lintho tse iqapetsoeng 'me tse' maloa tsa mehato ena li ile tsa hlakoloa hamorao [4,5,13]. Ka hona, ho thata ho bapisa liphetho tsa lithuto tse fapaneng hobane ho na le khaello ea concordance litekong tse sebelisitsoeng. Bakeng sa ho khetha lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng bakeng sa papiso ho tloha sekala se seng se le teng, tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng e ile ea etsoa. Lipoleloana tse latelang le tse tsoang ho tsona li sebelisitsoe ka mefuta e mengata e fapaneng: (Cybersex * OR internet porn * OR hypersex *) LE (moemeli oa * OR ho qobelloang * Kapa bothata *) LE (tekolo kapa leqhubu la OR SETSI AU), ho supa lithuto tse amehang molemong oa ho sebetsana le lipotso tse amanang le tlhahlobo le lipotso tse fumanehang tse hlahlobang. Mekhoa ea khetho ea patlo ea lingoliloeng e ne e lekanyelitsoe lipapatsong tse shebaneng feela le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang, mme e boetse e hlalosa nts'etsopele le maemo a lisebelisoa tsa psychometric tse itlalehileng tse lekang bonyane karolo e le 'ngoe ea ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso. Kamora nako, re fumane lisebelisoa tse 27 tse hlahlobang IPU ea mathata (cybersex). Ka ts'ebetso ea tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng e entsoeng, re nkile qeto ea ho boloka likala tse tharo tse ntlafalitsoeng ho lekanya ts'ebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​leha e se lintlha tsohle tse tharo tse etselitsoeng ho lekanya litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete, kaha boholo ba barupeluoa ba ne ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa marang-rang. Bahlahisi ba likala tsena ba khothalelitse hore ba ka sebelisoa ho lekanya IPU e nang le mathata [14,15], hape re fetoletse "litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro" ho ba "litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete" mochineng oa China. Re khethile likala tsena tse tharo ka mabaka a latelang: (1) li kenyelletsa lintho tse fokolang mme ka hona ke mehato e tsamaisoang habonolo, (2) kaofela li fana ka litšobotsi tsa mantlha tsa IPU, joalo ka taolo ea tahlehelo, (3) li thehiloe bokhobeng ba lithethefatsi. dikarolo tse kang taolo e sa sebetseng, likhohlano, ho hlapoloha [11], (4) li sebetsa ka har'a setso sa China [16,17,18,19], le (5) li bonts'a ts'ebetso ea teko e matla (ke hore, libeke tse peli); ka lebaka leo, likala tsena tse tharo tse netefalitsoeng pele li ile tsa khetholloa bakeng sa tlhahlobo e ngoe. Taba ea pele, tlhahlobo e khutšoanyane ea tšebeliso ea litheko tsa inthanete e fetotsoe ho li-OSAs (s-IAT-thobalano), e bonts'itseng thepa e khotsofatsang ea psychometric [9]. Leha ho le joalo, tekanyo ena e netefalitsoe feela har'a banna [5], mme palo e kholo ea lithuto li bonts'itse hore ho na le phapang e kholo ea bong ho IPU [18,20,21]. Taba ea bobeli, Mathata a Litšoantšo tsa Bootsoa a Sebelisa Scale (PPUS) [15], e netefalitsoeng ho sebelisoa sampole e kholo; ka bomalimabe, leha ho le joalo, palo e sebetsang ea cutoff ha e-so boleloe molemong ona. Taba ea boraro, Bothata ba ho Sebelisa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa ka Botona kapa Botšehali (PPCS); tekanyo ena e thehiloe holim'a sebopeho sa theoretical sa likarolo tsa Griffiths tsa tšebeliso ea litheko [22]. Likala tsohle tse tharo li kenyelletsa tšebelisano e matla ea kahare le sebopeho se sebetsang sa 'nete, se ts'ehetsoeng ke liphetho tsa netefatso ea netefatso (CFA) [9,14,15,19]. Le ha ho le joalo, ho thata ho bapisa liphetho tsa lithuto tse sebelisitseng likala tsena hobane li kenyelletsa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa likarolo. Ka hona, hoa hlokahala ho khetha matšoao le mekhoa e tšepahalang, le ho tseba sesebelisoa se nepahetseng haholo.
Bakeng sa ho bapisa sekala se fapaneng hantle, ho lokela ho thehoe standard e kopanyang le e tšepahalang. Brief Pornography Screener (BPS), e leng sesebelisoa se hlahlobang tahlehelo ea taolo, tšebeliso e mpe ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, se ka ba molemo ho khetholla batho ba kotsing ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso kapa ba ka sebetsang e le mohato oa proxy [23]. Kraus et al., Ea ntlafalitseng BPS, o hlahisitse tlhahiso ea hore litekanyetso tsa tlhahlobo ea boitšoaro bo qobelloang ho tsa thobalano (CSB) li lokela ho kenyelletsoa ho Classified e ncha ea Machaba ea Maloetse (ICD-11) [24], mme tlhahiso ena e amohetse. Ho latela maemo a tlang a tlhahlobo ea ICD-11 ea phokotso ea taolo ea tšusumetso [25], mekhoa ea ho hloleha ho laola litakatso tse matla tsa thobalano kapa litakatso le litlamorao tsa boitsoaro bo bobe ba thobalano li nkuoa e le litšobotsi tsa pherekano. BPS e nka litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea boitšoaro bo bobe e le tsona karolo ea mantlha ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso. Ho feta moo, BPS e sebelisitsoe ka mehlala e fapaneng, 'me e bontšitse thepa e khotsofatsang ea psychometric har'a basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Amerika le Poland [26]. Lithuto tse ngata tse fetileng li sebelisitse BPS ho khetholla bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ntle le moo, e boetse e sebelisetsoa ho netefatsa botebo ba tšebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa har'a banna ba batlang kalafo ea pharmacologic kapa ea kelello ka lebaka la tahlehelo ea bona ea taolo ea boits'oaro ba bona ba thobalano [27,28,29]. Ka hona, thutong ena, lintlha tsa BPS li sebelisitsoe e le moelelo oa tšireletso oo ho ona ho ileng ha netefatsoa kutloisiso le ho qaqisa ha likala tse tharo tse boletsoeng ka holimo.
Litlhahlobo tse 'maloa tsa morao-rao li shebile ka kotloloho mohopolo le teko ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso.4,11,30,31]. Maikutlo a mang a ile a akaretsa hakhutšoanyane mme a fana ka maikutlo mabapi le liletsa tse kenyellelitsoeng [5], athe ba bang ba lekotse bokhoni ba bona ba ho hlahloba likarolo tsa mantlha tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso [11]. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho na lipatlisiso tse fetileng tse bapisitseng sekala se fapaneng mme sa supa tekanyo e nepahetseng haholo ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka ho sebelisa tekanyetso kapa sesupo se tšoanang. Mehato ea IPU e nang le mathata e rarahane, 'me sekala ka seng se sheba karolo e fapaneng ea IPU e nang le mathata. Ntle le moo, hobane likala tsena ha li so netefatsoe haholo, ho thata ho bapisa liphetho tse ba li sebelisitseng. Ntle le moo, ho tsebahala ha likala tse fapaneng tse lekolang bothata ba IPU ha ho bapisoe ka nepo. Ka hona, thutong ea hona joale, ho ile ha etsoa moralo oa mekhoa e tsoakaneng ea QuAN →, ho kenyelletsa le (1) ho sebelisa mekhoa e lekanyelitsoeng ho khetholla sekhahla se nang le index ea boleng bo phahameng ho tsoa ho likala tse tharo tse khethiloeng (PPCS, PPUS, s-IAT-sex) bakeng sa Ho hlahloba IPU e nang le mathata. Ntle le moo, nako ea tšebeliso, khafetsa ea ho nka karolo ho li-OSA, ho hlohlelletsoa ka thobalano, le litakatso tsa bootsoa li sebelisitsoe ho hlahloba bonnete ba netefatso ea liteko. Kamora nako, (2) lipuisano tse mabapi le tšoaneleho li ile tsa etsoa le baithaopi le litsebi tsa bongaka tse sebeletsang batho ba nang le bothata ba IPU e nang le mathata ho tsoela pele ho lekola ho nepahala ha sekhahla se "nepahalang haholoanyane" ho tsoa ho maikutlo a mofani oa litšebeletso, moo karolo e loketseng e thusang ho lekola le toloka liphetho tse fumanoeng thutong e kholo ea lipalo.

2. Karolo ea Bohlokoa: Papiso ea Likala tse tharo tse bolokiloeng

2.1. Lisebelisoa le mekhoa

2.1.1. Mohlala

Mohlala oa thuto o ne o e-na le banna ba 560 le basali ba 412, 'me lilemo tsa sampole e ne e le lilemo tse 24.8 [ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng (SD) = Lilemo tse 7.2; mefuta = 18-48 lilemo]. Sehlopha se bapisa litšobotsi tsa palo ea batho ea sampole tse tharo tse ithutoang li ka fokotsoa ho Lethathamo 1.
Tafole 1. Papiso ea sehlopha sa litekanyetso tsa palo ea batho ea sampole tse tharo tse ithutoang.
Lethathamo

2.1.2. Liletsa

Mehato e meraro e ka sehloohong ea IPU

PUSO. PPUS ke sekhechana sa litlaleho tse 12 tse lekolang likarolo tse 'ne tsa IPU [15]: Matšoenyeho le mathata a sebetsang, tšebeliso e feteletseng, mathata a boitšoaro le IPU ho baleha kapa ho qoba maikutlo a mabe. Phetolelong ea Chaena, lebitso "litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso," le neng le sebelisoa qalong, le ile la fetoloa e le "litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete" maemong ohle (mohlala, "Ke qeta nako e ngata ke ntse ke nahana ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete") . Barupeluoa ba ile ba hlokoa ho supa khafetsa eo ba neng ba kentse letsoho ho eona le IPU likhoeling tse 6 tse fetileng ka tekanyo ea lintlha tse tšeletseng e tlohang ho 0 (le ka mohla) ho isa ho 5 (ka nako eohle). Likolo tse phahameng li ne li supa bosholu ba mosebetsi oa IPU. Alpha ea Cronbach ea kakaretso eohle e ne e le 0.95 thutong ena.
PPCS. PPCS e ne e sebelisoa ho lekanya IPU e nang le mathata [14]. Likarabo li tlalehiloe ka bongata ba lintlha tse 7: 1 = le ka mohla, 2 = ka seoelo, 3 = ka linako tse ling, 4 = ka linako tse ling, 5 = hangata, 6 = hangata, 7 = nako eohle. PPCS e na le lintho tse 18, 'me e lekola likarolo tsa ts'ebetso tse tšeletseng tsa ho lemalla: ho se sebetse, ho feto-fetoha ha maikutlo, khohlano, mamello, ho khutla hape le ho tlohela. Ntlha e ngoe le e ngoe e lekantsoe ke lintho tse tharo (mohlala, "Ke ne ke ikutloa eka ke tlameha ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse ngata inthaneteng bakeng sa khotsofalo" ke ntho ea "mamello"); litlolo tsa Cronbach tsa lintlha tse tšeletseng tse boletsoeng esale pele e ne e le 0.77, 0.84, 0.71, 0.78, 0.86, le 0.86, ka ho latellana, lithutong. Alpha ea Cronbach ea PPCS kaofela e ne e le 0.96. Lenane la cutoff la 76 le ne le sebelisetsoa ho netefatsa tšebeliso e tloaelehileng le mathata; ka ho khetheha, lintlha tse neng li le kholo ho feta 76 li ne li supa ts'ebeliso ea mathata.
s-IAT-thobalano. Karabo ho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea lintho tse 12 tsa thobalano ea s-IAT e tlalehiloe maemong a mahlano ho tloha ho 1 (le ka mohla) ho isa ho 5 (kamehla) [9]. Sekala se na le likarolo tse peli. Ntlha ea pele e lekola boits'oaro bo fokolang le mathata a ho fokotsa nako e sebelisoang marang-rang (lintho tse tšeletseng, mohlala, "Ke hangata hakae u fumanang hore u lula litsing tsa thobalano tsa inthanete nako e telele ho feta kamoo u neng u rerile?"), Athe ea bobeli Ntho e lekanya ho senyeha hoa ts'ebetso ho amanang le ho kenella ho ts'ebetsong ea cybersex (dintho tse tsheletseng, mohlala, "U ikutloa hangata hakae u nyahame, o ts'oenyehile kapa o tšohile ha o le kantle ho marang-rang, o tlohang hang ha o se o khutlile litsing tsa marang-rang tsa thobalano?"). Lintlha tse nang le likarolo tse ngata, li ka bapaloa ka ho akaretsa lintlha tsa thepa ka bomong, li ka tloha ho 12 ho isa ho 60; lintlha tse phahameng ke sesupo sa mathata a maholo. Ho lumellana ha kahare (li-alpha) tsa kahare tsa kakaretso le lintlha tsa pele le tsa bobeli e ne e le 0.89, 0.77, le 0.88, ka ho latellana, thutong ena.

Lipotso tsa lipotso tsa boleng ba boleng

PCQ. Potso ena ea lintho tse 12 ke tlhahlobo e sa tsejoeng [32,33]. Tse latelang ke mehlala e 'maloa ea mohlala: "Haeba maemo a ne a lumella, ke ne ke tla shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hona joale" le "Haeba ke ne nka shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hona joale, ke tla thatafalloa ho emisa." Ba arabileng ba ne ba hlokoa ho bontša hore na ba lumellane ka matla hakae le ntho e ngoe le e ngoe e sebelisang likhetho tse latelang tse supileng tsa karabo (e hlahisitsoeng ntle le lipalo): "Ha re lumellane ka ho felletseng," "re lumellana hanyane," "hana hanyane," "ha re lumellane ebile ha re lumellane," "lumela hanyane," "re lumellana", le " lumellana ka ho felletseng. ”Likolo tse ngata li bontša hore re labalabela ho sheba litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso. Alpha ea Cronbach ea tekanyo ena e ne e le 0.92 thutong ea hona joale. Litaelo tsa PCQ li hlahisa vignette e tsosang takatso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​e hlokang hore motho ea arabang a nahane hore ba le bang ka kamoreng ea bona mme ba lutse pela khomphutha ea bona le hore ba na le takatso e matla ea ho shebella mofuta oa bona oa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.
Sekala sa Thobalano ea Thobalano ka Thobalano (SCS). Tekanyo eo barupeluoa ba bonts'ang litšobotsi tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka mokhoa o qobelloang e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa ntho ea 10S SCS e ntlafalitsoeng ke Kalichman et al. [34]. Likarabo li tlalehiloe ka tekanyo ea lintlha tse 'ne (1 = ho hang ha li nthate, 2 = joalo ka' na, 3 = joalo ka nna, 4 = joalo ka nna, mohlala, "Ke tlameha ho loanela ho laola mehopolo ea ka ea thobalano. le boitšoaro ”). Thutong ena, alpha ea Cronbach ea tekanyo ena e ne e le 0.86.
Potso ea lipotso tsa OSA. Ho sebelisitsoe lintho tse leshome le metso e meraro ho lekanya tšebeliso ea barupeluoa marang-rang ka sepheo se latelang: (1) ho shebella lisebelisoa tsa thobalano (SEM), (2) ho batla balekane, (3) cybersex, le (4) ho bonya le ho lokisa likamano tsa botona le botšehali [35]. Ho shebella SEM e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa lintho tse hlano (mohlala, ho etela libaka tsa marang-rang tse bontšang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa ho sheba litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso marang-rang, ho bala lingoliloeng tse litšila tse tsosang takatso inthaneteng), e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e neng e hloka hore likarabo li lekantsoe maemong a robong ho tloha ho 1 (le ka mohla) ho isa ho 9 (bonyane hang ka letsatsi). Li-subscales tse ling tse tharo li ile tsa lekola makhetlo a sebelisang sekala sa lintlha tse robong ho tloha ho 1 (makhetlo a 0) ho isa ho 9 (makhetlo a 20 kapa ho feta). Lintho tse peli li ile tsa lekanya boholo ba nako eo ba arabelitsoeng ba neng ba batlana le balekane ba thobalano le palo ea balekane ba bona ba thobalano eo ba e batlile le ho e fumana inthaneteng. Khafetsa ea ho kopanela liketsong tsa cybersex e ile ea hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa lintho tse 'ne (mohlala, ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa ho sheba batho ba sa tsebeng ho ipholla litho ka pel'a kh'amera, ho hlalosa mehopolo ea thobalano ka mangolo kapa ka molomo). Ts'ebeliso ea inthanete molemong oa ho bonya le ho boloka likamano tsa thobalano e lekantsoe ho sebelisoa lintho tse peli. Alpha ea Cronbach ea tekanyo eohle e ne e le 0.88 thutong. Likolo tse phahameng li ne li supa ho nka karolo khafetsa ho li-OSA.
Lipotso tse ling mabapi le IPU. Ntle le lintho tse hlahlobang litšobotsi tsa palo ea batho, lipotso tse 'maloa tse amanang le IPU li ile tsa botsoa le barupeluoa. Kamora ho ba fa leseli le hlakileng la litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete, barupeluoa ba ile ba botsoa hore ba supe lilemo tsa bona tsa ho pepesehela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le nako eo ba e qetileng ba shebeletse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa marang-rang beke le beke.

Tekanyetso ea litšupiso — BPS

BPS, e ntlafalitsoeng ke Kraus et al. [26], e ne e sebelisetsoa ho lekola tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa likhoeling tse 6 tse fetileng. Tlhahlobo ena ea lintho tse hlano e sebelisa tekanyo ea lintlha tse tharo (0 = le ka mohla, 1 = nako le nako, 2 = kamehla, mohlala, "U fumana ho le thata ho hanela maikutlo a matla a ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea thobalano."); ho ile ha sebelisoa lintlha tse 'ne ho khetholla tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso. Likolo tse phahameng li supa ts'ebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Alpha ea Cronbach ea BPS e ne e le 4.

2.1.3. Tsamaiso

Boithuto bona bo fumanehang marang-rang bo entsoe ka webosaete e tummeng ea tlhahlobo ea Chaena, e leng Wenjuanxing (www.sojump.com). Litho tsa batho ba baholo ba sebaka sena sa marang-rang ba fumane lengolo-tsoibila le khokahano e ba isang webosaeteng ea tlhahlobo le tlhaiso e khutšoanyane ea tlhahlobo ea rona. Kenyelletso ena e khuts'oane e tsebisitse ba amohelang hore ba ne ba tšoaneleha ho nka karolo haeba ba kile ba kopanela ho IPU likhoeling tse 6 tse fetileng (mohlala, ho bala litaba tsa bootsoa inthaneteng, ho sheba libaka tsa bootsoa, ​​ho arolelana / ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa kapa litšoantšo, ho sebelisana le ho bonya le ba bang) le ba ne ba rata ho nka karolo lipatlisisong. Kakaretso ea likarabo tse nepahetseng tsa 972 e ile ea bokelloa ho nka karolo ho tsoa litoropong tse 110 liprofinseng / tse 28 tsa liprofinse / 34 tsa Chaena (ke hore, tse khethiloeng li sebelisa liaterese tsa protocol ea inthanete). Joalokaha ho ne ho lebelletsoe, bohle ba neng ba nkile karolo ba ile ba fumana lintlha tse lekanang kapa tse kholo ho feta 14 ka tekanyo ea li-OSA (palo e tlaase ka ho fetisisa e ka ba 13, mme ha e bonts'e IPU ea pele); hona ho bonts'a hore kaofela ba sebelitse bonyane OSA e le ngoe likhoeling tse 6 tse fetileng. Ho ne ho hlokahala mehlala e meraro e meholohali ho araba mehato e meraro ea IPU e nang le bothata, e leng, PPCS, PPUS, le s-IAT-thobalano, ka ho latellana. Mohlala o mong le o mong o boetse o phethile liteko tse boletsoeng ka holimo tse netefalitsoeng mabapi le tsona. Boithuto bona bo entsoe ho latela Phatlalatso ea Helsinki, mme protocol e amohetsoe ke Komiti ea Boitšoaro ea Lefapha la Psychology, Univesithi ea Fuzhou (letsatsi la tumello, 7 Phato 2019).

2.2. Ts'ebetso

Litlhahlobo tsa lipalopalo li ile tsa etsoa ho sebelisoa SPSS 19.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) le mofuta oa Mplus 7 [36]. Lintlafatso tsa thepa kaofela li ile tsa kopitsoa ho supa lintho tse sa sebetseng hantle. CFA e sebelisitsoe ho leka likarolo tsa sekala sa phaello. Tekanyo e kholo ea monyetla le khalemelo ea Satorra-Bentler e sebelisitsoe ho fumana ho lumellana pakeng tsa data le likarolo tsa motheo. Model fit e ile ea lekoa ka ho lekola li-indices tse latelang: phoso e bolelang boholo ba lisekoere (RMSEA; ntle: ≤0.06, e amohelehang: ≤0.08), index index fit (CFI; ntle: ≥0.95, e amohelehang: ≥0.90), le Tucker- Index ea Lewis (TLI; ntle: ≥0.95, e amohelehang: ≥0.90). Ho tšepahala ha sekala ho ile ha hlahlojoa ka ho kopanya li-coefficients tsa Cronbach tsa alfa.
Ho khetholla lihlopha tse ka bang kotsing ea basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse kotsing e mpe, ho sebelisitsoe tlhaiso ea boemo bo bocha (LPA). LPA e ile ea etsoa ho sebelisoa boholo ba boholo ba sekala ka seng e le lintho tse hlakileng, 'me lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa batho ba nang le bothata ba IPU li arotsoe ka tatellano likarolo tse peli ho isa ho tse' ne bakeng sa tekanyo e loketseng ea mohlala. Sensitivity e ne e hlalosoa e le karolo ea batho ba nang le matšoao a nepahetseng (joalo ka ha a bonoa ke BPS) le litho tsa sehlopha se kotsing ea ho tsoa kotsi (tse tsejoang ka LPA), athe taba e ikhethang e hlalositsoe e le karolo ea batho ba nang le matšoao a seng matle le sehlopha se se nang pherekano [37].

2.3. Liphetho le puisano

2.3.1. Netefatso ea likala tse tharo

Liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea thepa, CFA, le liteko tsa ho ts'epahala le ho nepahala ha converter li bonts'oa Lethathamo 2. Liphetoho tsa karolo ea kakaretso li hlophisitsoe ho lekola ts'ebetso ea ntho. PPCS le PPUS li hlahisitse li-coefficients tse phahameng, mme likala tsena ka bobeli li boetse li hlahisitse li-indices tse ntle (ke hore, CFA) le li-coefficients tse tšepahalang tsa ts'epo. PPCS, PPUS, le s-IAT-thobalano e amanang haholo le li-SCS, PCQ, li-OSA le nako ea tšebeliso khafetsa, mme PPCS e bonts'a netefatso e matla ea converter.
Tafole 2. Ho tšepahala le ho nepahala ha likala tse tharo.
Lethathamo

2.3.2. LPA

Liphetho tsa LPA li bonts'itsoe Lethathamo 3. Bakeng sa PPCS, sephetho sa tlhahlobo ea Lo-Mendell-Rubin se ile sa bonahala e le sa bohlokoa ha palo ea litlelase e le 4, 'me boleng ba entropy bo ne bo le tlase. Kahoo, ho nepahala ha karohano ho ne ho se holimo joaloka tharollo ea mekhahlelo e meraro; ka hona tharollo ea mekhahlelo e meraro e ile ea khethoa. Bakeng sa PPUS, ha mohlala o ne o e-na le lihlopha tse tharo, sephetho sa LMRT se ne se le bohlokoa; ho feta moo, boleng ba entropy bo ne bo phahame ho feta tharollo ea mekhahlelo e mene. Mabapi le thobalano ea s-IAT, ha e na bohlokoa pvalval e hlahileng bakeng sa liphetho tsa LMRT e khothalelitse hore tharollo ea mekhahlelo e meraro le e mene e lokela ho lahloa molemong oa tharollo ea mekhahlelo e 'meli.
Tafole 3. Feta lits'oants'o tsa tlhaiso ea boemo bo holimo ea likala tse tharo tse lekolang tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso inthaneteng.
Lethathamo
Mabapi le lihlopha tse tharo tse ileng tsa hlaha bakeng sa PPCS le PPUS, sehlopha sa pele se ile sa fumana litheolelo tse tlase maemong ohle; ka hona, sehlopha sena se ne se bitsoa tšebeliso e se nang litlamorao. Sehlopha sa bobeli se fumane limaraka tse lekanang ka boholo bohle; ka hona, litho tsena tsa sehlopha li ne li bitsoa basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsietsing. Sehlopha sa boraro se fumane limaraka tse holimo ka ho fetisisa litekanyo tsohle; ka hona, sehlopha sena se ne se bitsoa basebelisi ba kotsing. Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe Lethathamo 4, mabapi le lihlopha tse peli tse hlahileng bakeng sa thobalano ea s-IAT, sehlopha sa 1 se fumane limaraka tse tlase ho feta sehlopha sa 2 maemong ohle a sekhahla; ka hona, ba ne ba bitsoa lihlopha tse seng kotsi le tse kotsing, ka ho tšoanang (lihlopha tse fapaneng lipakeng tsa bongata li bontšitsoe ho Sehlomathiso A).
Tafole 4. Ho bapisoa ho nepahala ha sekala se tharo.
Lethathamo

2.3.3. Sensitivity le Tlhatlhobo e Ikgethileng

Liphetho li bonts'a hore kutloisiso ea PPCS e ne e le 89.66%, e phahameng ho feta boleng bo hlahileng bakeng sa PPUS (ke hore, 81.25%) le s-IAT-thobalano (ke hore, 71.72%). Ho bile le phapang ka ho khetheha ha likala tse tharo, 'me boleng bo ne bo tloha ho 85.86% ho isa ho 94.95%. PPCS e bontsitse kutloisiso e kholo ea kutloelo-bohloko (89.66%), mme ho hlaka ha eona e ne e le 85.86%. Sena se bonts'a hore ke hoo e ka bang 10% ea basebelisi ba nang le mathata ba neng ba thathamisitsoe e le basebelisi ba se nang mathata le hore ke 14% ea basebelisi ba sa ts'oanang le ba sa tsejoeng. Ka kakaretso, PPCS le PPUS li sebelitse hantle ho feta thobalano ea s-IAT. Kaha thuto ena e ne e ikemiselitse ho supa sekhahla se nang le kutloisiso e kholo ea ho fumana IPU e nang le bothata, PPCS e ile ea etsoa lipatlisiso ka botlalo.

3. Karolo ea Boitšoaro e Khethollang: Ho Khetholla Scale e Nepahetseng Haholo

3.1. Mekhoa

3.1.1. Mohlala

Re buisane le banna ba 22 (banna ba mashome a mabeli; bolele ba lilemo = 20) ba ithaopileng ba ithaopetseng ba fanang ka litšebeletso tsa IPU (ba fanang ka lits'ebeletso tsa inthanete webosaeteng e latelang: http://www.ryeboy.org/; nako e tloaelehileng ea tšebeletso = lilemo tse 3.3) le lingaka tse 11 tsa mafu a kelello (ba sebelitseng le batho ba nang le IPU e nang le bothata mme ba bile le lilemo tse fetang tse 3 tsa boiphihlelo ba kliniki).

3.1.2. Kakaretso ea Puisano

Kaha sekala se sebelisitsoeng se ne se le bonolo ho se tsamaisa 'me se ne se e-na le lipotso tse haufi, lipuisano li ile tsa etsoa ho lekola maikutlo a barupeluoa ka botlalo le ka botlalo. Tataiso ea lipuisano e ne e batla ho hlahloba kutloisiso ea lipotso tsa lipotso tsa sehlopha sa bothatelli le tšebeliso ea litekanyetso le tlhahlobo ea bona ea boholo ba tekanyo e khethiloeng. Ba neng ba botsoa lipotso ho ne ho hlokahala hore ba lekanye bohlokoa ba litekanyo ka sekhahla se tlohang ho 1 (eseng ho bohlokoa ka botlalo) ho isa ho 7 (ho bohlokoa haholo).

3.1.3. Tsamaiso

Phuputsong ena, re qalile re ithutile kutloisiso ea bona ea bothata ba IPU e nang le mathata le boholo ba sekhahla se khothalletsoang. Baithuti ba babeli ba fumaneng mangolo a kelello ba sebelitse e le babuelli. Qalong ea puisano, batho ba ileng ba botsoa lipotso ba ile ba tsebisoa ka sepheo le bohlokoa ba tlhahlobo eo 'me ba netefatsoa ka ho se tsejoe le ho boloka lekunutu ha litaba tsa bona tsa tlhahlobo; lipuisano li tlalehiloe ka tumello ea bona.

3.2. Ts'ebetso

Lirekoto tse botsoang li ne li fetisetsoa ho lingoloa tsa mantsoe, 'me lekunutu la barupeluoa le ne le patiloe. Ka mor'a moo, re ile ra ithuta taba e ngotsoeng ka hloko; ka mantsoe a mang, re fetisitse likarabo tse fapaneng tsa lipotso tsa motho ea botsoang lipotso ka potso e tšoanang ho theha sengoloa se secha. Lifate tsa Sefate li thehiloe ho ipapisitsoe le boholo ba sekhahla se khethiloeng, mme litataiso tsa mantlha tsa lipotso tsa lipotso li ile tsa tsebahatsoa tsa ba tsa akaretsoa ka bosholu ba lebitso. Ka ts'ebetso ena, NVivo e ile ea hlahisa lipalo bakeng sa lits'upiso tsohle tsa lingoloa.

3.3. Liphetho

Mabapi le litšobotsi tsa IPU tse nang le bothata, re hlahisitse likhoutu tse 20 ka ho sekaseka data ea tlhahlobo. Har'a likarolo tsena, ho ameha ka botebo ka IPU (likhaolo tse 22), IPU ho baleha kapa ho qoba boemo bo bobe ba maikutlo (maikutlo a 21), likhohlano tsa batho (maikutlo a 22) le matšoao a mmele le kelello (ho buuoa ka 45) tse boletsoeng ka ho fetisisa. Ntle le moo, likhoutu tse 20 li ne li khutsufatsoe ho likarolo tse ts'eletseng tsa PPCS (bona Setšoantšo sa 1).
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Setšoantšo sa 1. Boithaopo le boithaopi ba ho bua khafetsa sekhahla sa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho sheba likarolo, le lintlha tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa likarolo tse tšeletseng (lipalo tse pakeng tsa lipotso tse 33). Tlhokomeliso: linomoro mabotong a mebala li emela ho bua hangata, athe polyline e emela litekanyetso tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa likarolo tse ts'eletseng (bophara = 1 - 7).
Sebaka sa puisano:
  • Puisano: Ho latela boiphihlelo ba hau ba ts'ebeletso, u nahana hore tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso inthaneteng ke efe? Ka mantsoe a mang, litlhaloso / matšoao a ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso inthaneteng ke afe?
  • Interviewee (moithaopi oa litšebeletso): Ba (basebelisi ba nang le mathata) ba bonts'a ho laola takatso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng (khoutu: ho betla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa), ba sitoa ho laola boits'oaro ba bona, mohlala, ba sheba liwebsaete tse litšila, ba ipholla litho ha ba ntse ba shebelletse porno khafetsa (khoutu: mathata a taolo). Boko ba bona bo lula bo apareloa ke thepa ea thobalano (khoutu: ho nahana pele). Haeba ba sa pepesetsoe litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro marang-rang, ba tla ikutloa ba sa phutholoha, kapa ba utloe hore pelo ea bona ha e na letho (khoutu: khatello ea maikutlo e bakiloeng ke ho ikhula ntle ho katleho).
Kamora ho hlahisa bao ho buisanoang le bona ka litlhaloso tsa likarolo tse tšeletseng tsa mathata a IPU le ho hlakisa moelelo oa bona re sebelisa mehlala, re ba file lipotso "Ho ipapisitsoe le boiphihlelo ba hau ba ts'ebeletso, na u tšehetsa sebopeho see? U nahana hore ke boholo kapa litekanyo life tse bohlokoa haholo ho IPU? ” Boholo ba (> 95%) bankakarolo ba buelletse litekanyo tse tšeletseng. E ka boela ea fanoa ka Setšoantšo sa 1 hore baithaopi ka bobeli le ba bongaka ba hatelletse botebo ba likhohlano, ho khutlela hape le ho iketla ho IPU (ho thehiloe khahlano le maikutlo a mangata); ka nako e ts'oanang, ba ne ba sekaseka phetoho ea mohopolo, ho khutla le ho khutla e le likarolo tsa bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea mathata (ho theola tekanyetso ea bohlokoa).

4. Puisano ka kakaretso

IPU e nang le mathata e ntse e le taba ea likhang; haholo, ho bonahala eka ha ho tumellano ea 'nete e teng mabapi le conceptualization le sesebelisoa sa ho hlahloba IPU e nang le mathata. Sekala se 'maloa sea fumaneha; ka hona, tlhahlobo ea IPU e nang le mathata ha e lumellane, ho bonts'a hore liphetho sebakeng sena ha li bapisoe habonolo. Phuputso e teng hona joale e etselitsoe ho khetha sekhahla se tebileng haholoanyane ho hlahlobisisa IPU e nang le bothata, hobane kutloisiso e phahameng e fana ka maikutlo a tlase a tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo eo u sa e tsebeng (ke hore, basebelisi ba nang le bothata ba hlahileng ka phoso ba sa sebetse e le basebelisi ba se nang mathata). Ha sekoloto sa tlhahlobo ea lingoliloeng se hlophisitsoe, likala tse tharo li ile tsa bolokoa. Ho nka hore lipatlisiso le mekhoa e tsoakaneng e kopanyang lihlahisoa tsa boleng le boleng ho ka ntlafatsa le ho ntlafatsa kutloisiso ea rona ea liketsahalo tse rarahaneng [38,39], mokhoa o ikhethileng o sebelisitsoe ho supa tlhahlobo e "nepahetseng haholoanyane" ho tsoa likala tse tharo tse bolokiloeng. Liphetho tsa CFA li bonts'itse hore likala tsohle tse tharo li na le ts'ebeliso e ntle lihlopheng tse fapaneng tsa batho ba baholo (lilemo tse boemong bona li pakeng tsa lilemo tse 18 ho isa ho tse 45) ka mehlala e meraro e sa sebetseng hantle; ha e bapisoa le sekala tse ling tse peli, PPCS e bontsitse kutloisiso e kholo le teboho ha e bapisoa le mehlala e nkiloeng ho bongata ka kakaretso (liphetho tsa QUAN). Ha re nka hore polelo ea tlhahlobo ea lipotso e khutšoane ebile e koetsoe, le hore tlhahlobo e ka utloisisa maikutlo a barupeluoa a sa hlalosoang ka botlalo le ka botlalo, kamorao ho moo, liphetho tsa QUAL li bonts'itse hore matšoao a IPU a nang le bothata a khothalletsoang ke li-server (baithaopi le litsebi tsa bongaka) e ka ba sehlopha ka likarolo tse ts'eletseng tsa PPCS 'me boholo ba baseva bo ts'etile sebopeho sa likarolo tse tšeletseng tsa PPCS.
Har'a likala tse tharo, palo ea PPCS e ne e amana haholo le nako ea tšebeliso, khafetsa ho kenya letsoho ho OSA, le litakatso tsa bootsoa. IPU e nang le mathata e ka hlaha tlasa sekhele sa hypersexourse ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le ho etsa khafetsa mefuteng e fapaneng ea cybersex, takatso e matla ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, le boits'oaro bo hatellang ba thobalano [40], ha re re kamano e matla e ne e sa bonts'e bonnete ba boleng bo phahameng feela, empa e boetse e fana ka maikutlo a hore lisebelisoa tse sebelisang bohloeki (ke hore, ho lakatsa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, nako le nako le tšebeliso, tšebeliso e qobelloang). Liphuputso tsa morao tjena li senotse hore bathong ba bang, tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea bootsoa e ile ea etsa hore ba ikutloe ba sa khotsofala ebile ba hlabiloe ke lihlong ho tlatseng tlhekefetso ea tšebeliso ea litheko tsa bohlola le tumelo ea bona; hape, maikutlo ana a mahlomola le lihlong a ka 'na a etsa hore motho a itšepe hore o lemaletse, empa hona e kanna ea se ke ea e-ba bothata ba boitšoaro bo nepahetseng [41,42]. Bakeng sa ho qoba ho ahloloa ka phoso ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso, ho bohlokoa haholo ho kopanya likala tse ling tse ts'ehetsang, 'me likhakanyo tsa tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo li fapana le ho khetholla ho ata ha IPU e nang le mathata. Phuputsong ena, le khokahano e phahameng ea PPCS hangata le li-OSA, PCQ e bonts'itse hore ha e kopantsoe le matšoao a mang, e ka pepesa ts'ebeliso e mpe mme e ka khona ho qoba kahlolo e mpe e bakoang ke ho lemalla ho lemalla.
Thepa e matla ea psychometric le ho nepahala ho tsebisoang PPCS e kanna ea hlahisoa ke taba ea hore e ntlafalitsoe ho latela mohopolo oa likarolo tse ts'eletseng oa Griffiths (ke hore, ho fapana le PPUS le s-IAT-thobalano). PPCS e na le sebopeho se matla sa theoretical, mme e lekola likarolo tse ling tsa tlatsetso [11]. Haholo-holo, ho mamella le ho tlosa ke lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa IPU tse nang le mathata tse sa hlahlojoang ke PPUS le s-IAT-thobalano; PPCS ke eona feela sesebelisoa se hlahlobang ka ho hlaka karolo ea "mamello"11,14]. Ho ea ka mofuta oa "litekanyetso tse peli" tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa marang-rang, tseo mohato oa pele o tšoauoang ka tšebeliso e fetelletseng ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa marang-rang, mme ea bobeli e sebetsa e le lets'oao ka ho hloleha khafetsa ho khaotsa ts'ebeliso e feteletseng, leha ho bile le litlamorao tse mpe [43]. Lintho tse amanang le tlhaiso-leseling mabapi le bohloka, ho betla, le mamello li bonts'a karolo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete, tse tsamaellanang le mohato oa pele, athe lintho tse amanang le ho ikhula, ho khutla hape le ts'ebeliso ea litekanyetso tsa lintoa le ho feta, li tsamaisana le mohato oa bobeli. Ho hlakile hore likarolo tsa PPCS li kenyelletsa ho kenya letsoho litšoantšong tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le bokhoba ba IPU, bo nang le sebopeho se hlakileng sa ho lemalla.
PPCS e bonahala e le sesebelisoa se sebetsang haholoanyane sa ho lekola tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, e na le ts'ebeliso ea ho tseba ho ata mabapi le IPU e nang le bothata kapa tšebeliso ea cybersex, mme e ka ba molemo ho lekola sephetho sa kalafo. Seo re se fumaneng se bonts'a hore batho ba ipatileng haholo ho PPCS ba tlaleha ho kopanela khafetsa liketsong tse fapaneng tsa thobalano marang-rang, ho lakatsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano. Kahoo, ho bonahala ho le bohlokoa hore baoki ba hlokomele ts'ebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le mekhatlo e amanang le eona joalo ka ho lakatsa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso. Ntle le moo, ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore sekhahla sa PPCS se khothalelitsoe e le sesebelisoa sa tlhahlobo ho khetholla basebelisi ba nang le mathata sechabeng le ho lekola boteng ho fapana le sesebelisoa sa tlhahlobo; lithuto tsa nako e tlang li lokela ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa ho nepahala le ho hlaka ha sampole ea bongaka; hape re khothaletsa batho ka bomong ho etela ngaka ea bongaka ka mor'a ho khetholloa ka IPU e nang le mathata ke tšebeliso ea PPCS.
Phuputso ena e na le meeli e 'maloa. Taba ea mantlha, ba ile ba bokelloa ba sebelisa lintlha tsa ho itlaleha; ka hona, ho ts'epahala ha liphetho ho latela ho ts'epahala ha ba arabeloang le ho nepahala ha kutlwisiso ea bona ea lintho tse lekantsoeng. Taba ea bobeli, mohlala o ithutoang o ile oa hiroa ka k'hamphani ea tlhahlobo ea inthanete; ka hona, ba nkang karolo phuputsong ena ba ne ba rutehile haholo ebile ba ruile ho feta motho ea tloaelehileng oa China. Ntle le moo, barupeluoa ba neng ba ithuta haholo-holo ba ne ba lula motse-moholo / toropo ea litereke, litoropo le litoropo. Taba ea boraro, hobane sampole e ne e na le palo e fokolang feela ea lithuto tseo e seng tsa bong bo fapaneng, ho ne ho se na monyetla oa ho hlahloba hore na sebopeho sa lintlha le moelelo oa litaba tsa PPCS li fapana ka batho ba nang le maikutlo a fapaneng a thobalano.

5. Liphello

Phuputso e teng hona joale e bonts'itse hore PPUS, PPCS, le s-IAT-thobalano ke mehato e ts'episang ea IPU e nang le mathata. Leha ho le joalo, ha kutloisiso le ho hlaka li ne li hlahlojoa ka nako e ts'oanang, PPCS e ile ea hlaha e le mohato o loketseng haholoanyane oa IPU e nang le bothata. Liphetho tsa boleng li netefalitse hape hore bafani ba lits'ebeletso ba tšehetsa sebopeho se ka tlase sa PPCS.

Menehelo ea Mongoli

Conceptualization, LC; Curation ea data, LC; Tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng, XJ; Phumano ea lichelete, LC; Patlisiso, XJ; Methodology, LC; Tsamaiso ea projeke, LC; Lisebelisoa, LC; Tsamaiso, LC; Ho bona ka mahlo, XJ; Ho ngola — ngollano ea mantlha, LC; Ho ngola — ho hlahloba le ho hlophisa, LC le XJ Bangoli bohle ba balile mme ba lumellana le phetolelo e ngotsoeng ea letsoho.

dithuso tsa ditjhelete

Mosebetsi ona o tšehelitsoe ke National Social Science Foundation ea China (Grant No. CEA150173 le 19BSH117) le morero oa ntlafatso ea thuto profinseng ea Fujian (FBJG20170038). Mekhatlo ea lithuso ea lichelete e ne e se na mokhoa oa ho ngola litaba tse ngotsoeng ka letsoho mme maikutlo a hlalositsoeng mangolong a bontša a bangoli eseng hakaalo a mekhatlo ea lichelete.

lumela hore baa fokola

Re ka thabela ho amohela Bin Wu le Yan Zhao (basomi ba "Reyboys", Mokhatlo oo e seng oa 'muso o shebaneng le ho thusa batho ba nang le bothata ba litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso inthaneteng) bakeng sa thuso ea bona ea ho khetha baithaopi ba sebeletsang ba kenelletseng molemong oa boits'oaro, le ho ba leboha ka boiteko ba bona ba ho thusa basebelisi ba nang le mathata.

Likhohlano tsa Thahasello

Bangoli ba tlaleha ho se lumellane ho teng mabapi le litaba tse ngotsoeng ka letsoho.

Sehlomathiso A

Ijerph 17 00488 g0a1 550
Setšoantšo sa A1. Palo e tloaelehileng ea litlelase tse tharo tsa morao tse ipapisitseng le boholo ba PPCS. Tlhokomeliso: PPCS = Bothata ba tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea ho sheba litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso. *** p <0.001 e supa hore lintlha tsa sehlopha se kotsing li ne li le holimo haholo ho feta tsa sehlopha se kotsing e tlase; △△△ p <0.001 e supa hore lintlha tsa sehlopha se kotsing e ne e le holimo haholo ho feta tsa sehlopha se se nang mathata; ◇◇◇ p <0.001 e bonts'a hore lintlha tsa sehlopha se kotsing li ne li le holimo haholo ho feta tsa sehlopha se se nang mathata. E tšoanang ka tlase.
Ijerph 17 00488 g0a2 550
Setšoantšo sa A2. Palo e tloaelehileng ea litlelase tse tharo tsa morao tse ipapisitseng le boholo ba PPUS. Tlhokomeliso: PPUS = Bothata ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisa maemo, = = 0.
Ijerph 17 00488 g0a3 550
Setšoantšo sa A3. Palo e tloaelehileng ea litlelase tsa morao-rao tse ipapisitse le boholo ba s-IAT-thobalano. Tlhokomeliso: s-IAT-thobalano = mofuta o mokhuts'oanyane oa Tlhatlhobo ea Phallo ea Marang-rang e sebelisitsoeng liketsong tsa thobalano marang-rang, mefuta = 1-5.

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