Menehelo ea thobalano, litšoaneleho tsa botho, nako ea ho ts'oaroa le nako ea ts'oaetso ho mekhoa e metle ea boitšoaro (ho kopanyelletsa le ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate). (2018)

Front Psychiatry. 2018 Oct 16; 9: 497. Doi: 10.3389 / fpsyt.2018.00497.

Pale ea Valero-Solís S.1, Granero R2,3, Fernández-Aranda F2,4,5, Motsamaisi T.2,4, Mestre-Bach G2,4, Mallorquí-Bagué N2,4, Martin-Romera V6, Aymamí N4, Gómez-Peña M4, Del Pino-Gutiérrez A7, Baño M4, Moragas L4, Menchón JM4,5,8, Jiménez-Murcia S2,4,5.

inahaneloang

Ka morao le sepheo: Keketseho ea ho ata ha litloaelo tsa boitšoaro lefats'eng ka bophara ho lebisitse keketsehong ea lipatlisiso tsa boithuto ba monehelo o ikhethang oa likotsi / ts'ireletso mathateng ana. Morero oa phuputso ena e ne e le ho lekola karolo e lekanyelitsoeng ea thobalano ea bakuli, nako ea ts'oaetso le nako ea ho kula maemong a bongaka a boits'oaro ba boits'oaro.

Mekhoa: Mohlala oa rona o ne o kenyelletsa bakuli ba batlang kalafo ba fumanoeng ba e-na le bothata ba ho becha (GD, n = 3,174), bothata ba ho becha ka marang-rang (IGD, n = 45), ho qobella ho reka (CB, n = 113), le bokhoba ba ho etsa thobalano (SA, n = 34).

Results: Mokhoa oa likamano lipakeng tsa lintho tse ikemetseng le liphetho o ne o amana haholo le tšibollo ea litheko tsa boits'oaro: (a) bakeng sa ho qala ha lefu la GD-banna ho ne ho amana le ho teba ha GD, athe ho GD-basali ho qala ho ne ho hokahantsoe le ho batla bocha. ; (b) bakeng sa banna-IGD-banna, ho qalella ho lieha ho amanang le bokhoba ba ho lemalla, boemo bo bobe ba kelello le kelello, le ho qoba likotsi tse phahameng le maemo a ho ikatisa; (c) bakeng sa basali-ba-CB, ho qaleha ho ne ho amana le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa ho itšepa meputso le maemo a tlase a ho iphetola, 'me nako e telele e boletsoeng e le likoloto tse phahameng; bakeng sa banna ba CB, ho qaleha ha nako le nako e telele li hokahane le lintlha tse ngata tsa ts'ireletso e mpe, ho itaola, ho inola, le ho sebelisana 'moho; le (d) bakeng sa banna ba SA, ho qaleha ha nako le nako e telele e hokahaneng le ho teba ho hoholo.

Puisano le Liphello: Liphumano tsena li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho nts'etsapele mananeo a thibelo le kalafo a tobisitsoeng ho litekanyetso tse fapaneng tsa boitšoaro.

LINKOTSO: lilemo; litloaelo tsa boits'oaro; ho reka ka thata; bothata ba ho becha; bothata ba ho becha ka marang-rang; tlhekefetso ya thobalano

PMID: 30386263

PMCID: PMC6198171

DOI: 10.3389 / fpsyt.2018.00497

Selelekela

Ho lemalla boitšoaro ho kenyelletsa sehlopha sa maemo a phahameng sa maemo a khetholloang ka ho qobella ho etsa lintho tse sa reng letho, tse sa amaneng le lithethefatsi tse ka bakang pheello le ha o ntse o tseba ka litlamorao tse mpe (-). Nakong ea mathata ana, batho ka bomong ba lahleheloa ke taolo holim'a boits'oaro bo fetelletseng kapa bo nang le mathata, ka lebaka la tsenyo e kholo malapeng, mosebetsing le libakeng tsa boiketlo ba bophelo ba bona (, ). Mehatong ea pele ea maemo, maemo a phahameng a tšusumetso e reretsoe ho fumana moputso oa hang-hang (khothaletso e ntle), empa nakong ea maemo, boits'oaro bo lemalloang bo fetoha khatello mme bo reretsoe ho fokotsa maemo a mabe a maikutlo (ho matlafatsa hampe) (). Ka har'a mohato ona oa lipatlisiso, ho boetse ho phehisanoe hore tlhahlobo le likarolo tsa transdiagnosis li ka hlalosa hamolemo matšoao a mangata le likarolo tse arolelanoang tsa bongaka maemong ana kaofela, ho hlonama, esita le karabelo kalafong ().

Lisosa tse atileng haholo tsa bokhoba ba boitšoaro ke bosholu ba papali ea chelete (GD), ho reka ka mokhoa o qobelloang (CB), tlhekefetso ea thobalano (SA) le bothateng ba lipapali tsa inthanete (IGD). Khatisong ea morao-rao ea DSM-5, GD e kentsoe sehlopheng se secha sa tlhahlobo ea mafu se bitsoang "Mathata a amanang le tlhekefetso le tlhekefetso", leha monyetla oa ho kenyelletsa litlatsetso tse ling tsa boits'oaro (joalo ka CB, SA, le IGD) o ile oa buuoa mme oa qheleloa ka thoko. ka lebaka la ho haelloa ke bopaki bo matla.

Litlamorao tsa boitšoaro li etsahala bathong ba batona le ba batšehali, empa ho ata hoa fapana ho latela sehlotshwana: banna ba tlaleha liperesente tse phahameng ho GD, IGD, le SA, athe basali ba tlaleha litheko tse phahameng tsa CB (). Mabapi le lilemo, litšitiso tsena li etsahala ho potoloha le bophelo, empa methati e 'meli e bonahala e na le tšoaetso e kholo: bohlankana / botsofali le botsofali ().

Boithuto bo lekolang tlatsetso ea lilemo tsa ho qala bo fana ka maikutlo a hore bakuli ba qalang ba theha sehlotšoana se nang le litšobotsi tse hloahloa tsa botho bo sa tsitsang, athe bakuli ba nang le ts'ebetso ea morao-rao ba etsa subtype e nang le monyetla o moholo oa ho tepella maikutlo le matšoenyeho, ba sebelisang papali ea chelete joalo ka phoso. mochine ho fetola maikutlo a bona a mabe, ). Ho qala ha GD pele (ho bapisoa le ho qaleha hamorao) ho boetse ho bonahala ho amana le ho ata ha mathata a ho feto-fetoha ha maikutlo, ho phahama ho hoholo ha mathata a botho ba sehlopha sa B, maemo a holimo mokhoeng oa ho batla litšobotsi le ho theoha ho tlase maemong a ho itataisa (, ).

Mabapi le CB, ho tlalehiloe sephetho sa tšoaetso e sa lebelloang le e sa tšepahaleng, ho tloha ho 1 ho isa 20% ho latela mohloli oa mehlala, litlhaloso, le lisebelisoa tsa tekanyo (-). Lintlha tse teng tsa lefu lena la CB li boetse li bonts'itse hore bakuli ba batlang kalafo ba nang le CB hangata ba na le maemo a mangata a kelello, ka joala ba comorbid le / kapa lithethefatsi tse ling, mathata a ho ja, mathata a maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha le mathata a mang a taolo a susumetsang a atile haholo (). Phapang e matla e ts'ehetsang thobalano bakeng sa CB e hlalositsoe: kotsi, ho ata, le litekanyetso tsa ho qalella le khafetsa ea tšebeliso e mpe li phahame ho basali ().

Boithuto bo thehiloeng ho IGD bo bonts'a hore lipakeng tsa 3.7 le 13.0% ea batho ba baholo ka kakaretso ba ile ba fihlela mekhoa ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang e nang le mathata (, ), le hore IGD e atile haholo mehlaleng ea bacha (). Li-correlates tsa IGD li kenyelletsa maemo a phahameng a boits'oaro bo nkang kotsi le ho se ts'oaroe, ho theoleloa nako hofeta, maikutlo a phahameng a lahluoang sechabeng le maemo a phahameng a likhohlano tsa batho, ho qoba kotsi le likhohlano tsa batho (-).

Kamora nako, lipatlisiso mabapi le SA li etsa qeto ea hore keketseho ea banna e phahame ka ho hlakileng ha e bapisoa le basali (-). Maemo a phahameng sechabeng a moruo, lintlha tse phahameng litšobotsing tsa batho tsa ho batla ho natefeloa le ho ba le lintlha tse tlase maemong a kotsi a thibelo ea likotsi ke lintlha tse ka bang kotsi bakeng sa SA (, ). Boithuto bo bong ba thuto ea tlhaho bo bontšitse hore SA e amana le litšobotsi tsa botho bo fapaneng, ho se tšabe letho, ho ikemela ha motho e mong, mohlala, le maemo a phahameng a ho susumetsa ().

Taba ea hore hajoale GD e kenyellelitsoe ho DSM-5 e bakoa ke ho haella ha tumellano mabapi le ho nka litheko tsa boits'oaro e le mathata a kelello (). Karolo ena e ka hlalosa ho ata ha boteng bona mabapi le bokhoba ba boitšoaro bo bong. Ho boetse ho thata ho tseba hore na maemo a mangata a sa amoheloang e le litšitiso ebile a sa lahle lisebelisoa tse tsebahalang tsa ho lemoha (). Ho ba le mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea litlolo tsena ka hona ho tla lumella tsebo e kholo ea bohloeki, thibelo le kalafo ea litlolo tse ling tsa boitšoaro (). Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ho kenyelletsoa ha litheko tse ling tsa boitšoaro ho ka ba le tšusumetso ho lits'ebeletso tsa bophelo bo botle mme ho ka thusa ho fokotsa ho tsilatsila ha bakuli ho batla kalafo ().

maikemisetso

Ho ea ka tsebo ea rona, palo e lekanyelitsoeng ea lipatlisiso e lekantse tlatsetso e tobileng ea thobalano, ho qala le nako ea boitšoaro bo kenelletseng mehlaleng e rarahaneng ea kliniki ho kenyeletsoa boits'oaro bo fapaneng ba tlhekefetso. Kahoo, sepheo sa thuto ena e ne e le ho lekola boima ba mefuta ena maemong a bongaka a kalafo a batlang bakuli ba fumanoeng ba na le GD, IGD, CB, le SA.

mekhoa

barupeluoa ba

Mohlala o kenyelelitsoe n = 3,366 bakuli ba batlang kalafo ba ileng ba ea sepetleleng ba ikhethang ba lemaletseng boits'oaro Barcelona, ​​Spain. Ho amoheloa ho etsahetse pakeng tsa Pherekhong-2005 le Setember-2016. Mekhoa ea ho kenyeletsoa e kenyelletsa litekanyetso tsa tlhahlobo ea GD, IGD, CB, kapa SA e le lona lebaka la mantlha la ho rerisana le ho ba lilemo tse fetang 18. Mekhoa ea ho lelekoa ka thoko e ne e le ho holofala kelellong kapa ho ba le mathata a mangata a kelello (a kang schizophrenia kapa mafu a mang a kelello kapa a kelello e ferekanyang).

Palo ea bankakarolo e qheletsoe ka thoko ka lebaka la boteng ba maikutlo a fapaneng a boitšoaro bo ne bo le tlase (n = 5, mokuli oa 1 ea tlalehileng GD + CB, 1 ea hlahisitseng GD + SA, 2 ka CB + SA, le 1 e nang le SA + IGD). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, kaha li-sampuli tse tlase tsa IGD le SA li ne li kenyelletsa basali ba fokolang haholo (n ≤ 2), barupeluoa ba basali ba ne ba sa qheleloe ka thoko ho lihlopha tsena tse peli ho qoba khethollo e ka bang teng liphethong ka lebaka la khafetsa basali ba tlase litsing tsena tse peli.

Mehato

Tlhatlhobo ea leseli bakeng sa papali ea chelete ea ho becha ho latela DSM Criteria ()

Potso ena ea thepa ea 19 e lumella tlhahlobo ea DSM-5 () mekhoa ea ho hlahloba GD. Ho nepahala ha Convergent le lintlha tsa kantle tsa papali ea chelete papaling ea mantlha e ne e le ntle haholo (r = 0.77 bakeng sa sampole ea baemeli le r = 0.75 bakeng sa lihlopha tsa kalafo ea papali ea papali ea chelete; (). Ho lumellana ho kahare ho tloaelo ea Sepanishe e sebelisitsoeng thutong ena e ne e le α = 0.81 bakeng sa sechaba ka kakaretso le α = 0.77 bakeng sa mehlala ea kalafo ea papali ea papali ea chelete (). Thutong ena, palo eohle ea mekhoa ea DSM-5 ea GD e ile ea hlahlojoa, 'me ho lekana ka hare e ne e le α = 0.804 sampole.

Lits'ebetso tsa ho tseba hore na u reka ka mang le mang ()

Litekanyetso tsena, tse amohetseng kamohelo e ngata sechabeng sa lipatlisiso, li ile tsa sebelisoa ho netefatsa boteng ba CB sampole. Lethathamo la lipotso le hlahloba "mekhoa ea ho reka, maikutlo a amanang, menahano e ka tlase, le boholo ba ho nahana ka ho reka le ho reka" ().

Litekanyetso tsa tlhahlobo ea IGD ho latela Griffiths and Hunt (, )

Ho lekola tlhahlobo ea lefu la IGD le ho theha boemo ba ts'ehetso ea mafu, litsebi tsa kliniki li ile tsa etsa lipuisano tsa sefahleho li shebile tekanyo e entsoeng ke Griffiths le Hunt (, ). Puisano ena e ile ea lekola likarolo tse kang khafetsa ea boitšoaro bo nang le mathata, tšitiso e hlahisoang ts'ebetsong ea letsatsi le letsatsi ka lebaka la tšebeliso e mpe ea lipapali tsa marang-rang, ho ba teng ha mamello le mathata taolong ea lits'ila, hammoho le palo ea mekhoa ea DSM-5 [ho latela Karolo. III, ()].

Litekanyetso tsa tlhahlobo ea bokhoba ba thobalano ho latela DSM-IV-TR ()

Ho lekola SA, ho ile ha tsamaisoa betri ea lintho, e neng e ipapisitse le litlhaloso tse reriloeng ho DSM-IV-TR () Karolong ea Likhathatso tsa Thobalano e seng ka Tsela E 'ngoe e boletsoeng (302.9). Ha re etsa tlhahlobo ea rona, tlhaloso e latelang ea kliniki e ile ea fuoa boima bo khethehileng: "khatello ea maikutlo ka likamano tsa khafetsa tsa likamano tsa botona le botšehali tse kenyelletsang tatellano ea barati ba nang le boiphihlelo e le lintho feela tse lokelang ho sebelisoa."

Phetoho e ntlafalitsoeng ea mocheso le sebapali (TCI-R) ()

Ena ke potso e ka tšeptjoang e sebetsang ea 240-element e lekanyang likarolo tse supileng tsa botho: maikutlo a mane (ho batla lintho tse ncha, ho qoba tšenyo, ho itšetleha ka moputso le ho phehella) le litsobotsi tse tharo tsa boits'oaro (boits'oarollo, tšebelisano-mmoho, le boitlhatlhobo). Lintho tsohle li lekantsoe ka sekhahla sa mofuta oa XertUMX-point Likert. Ho ile ha sebelisoa mokhoa o netefalitsoeng oa Sepanishe (). Sekala sa mofuta o ntlafalitsoeng oa Spain se bonts'itse botsitso bo lekaneng ba kahare (alpha α ea Cronbach e bolelang boleng ba 0.87). Thutong, lits'oants'o tsa botsitso li ne li tloha ho tse ntle (α = 0.70 bakeng sa mokhoa o mocha oa ho batla subscale) ho isa ho tse ntle haholo (α = 0.859 bakeng sa phehello ea subscale).

Lenane la tlhahlobo ea matšoao)

Potso ena e hlahloba mathata a mangata a kelello le matšoao a kelello. Potso ena e na le lintho tsa 90 'me e lekanya likarolo tse robong tsa matšoao a mantlha: ho ba motho ka mong, ho qobella ho ikamahanya le maikutlo a mang, ho sithabela maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha, ho tšoenyeha, ho tšoha, ho tšoenyeha ka phobic, maikutlo a paranoid, le psychoticism. E boetse e kenyelletsa li-indices tse tharo tsa lefatše tse kopaneng: (1) index ea tekanyo ea lefatše (GSI), e etselitsoeng ho lekanya khatello ea maikutlo ka kakaretso; (2) letšoao la khatello ea matšoao a hlakileng (PSDI), ho lekola botebo ba matšoao; le (3) letšoao le letle la matšoao (PST), a bonts'ang matšoao a itlalehang. Ho ile ha sebelisoa mokhoa o netefalitsoeng oa Sepanishe (). Sekala sa netefatso sa Spain se fumane li-index tse ntle tsa psychometrical, ka mokhoa o tšoanang oa kahare oa 0.75 (alpha ea Cronbach). Phuputso ena e sekaseka lintlha tsa lefats'e tsa GSI e le tekanyo ea boemo ba lefats'e ba psychopathological (ho tsitsa ha sampole ea rona ho ntle haholo sekoleng sena, α = 0.981).

Mefuta e meng ea litaba tsa sechaba le tsa bongaka

Likarolo tse ling tsa tlatsetso ea bongaka, ea bongaka, le ea sechaba / malapa li lekantsoe ho sebelisoa tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng ea sefahleho le sefahleho e hlophisitsoeng e hlalositsoeng sebakeng se seng (). Mefuta e fapakaneng e kenyelletsa lilemo tsa pherekano, likoloto tse bokelletsoeng ka lebaka la bokhoba le boemo ba sechaba bo lekantsoeng ho index ea Hollingshead (tlhahlobo e etselitsoeng ho lekanya maemo a sechaba sa batho ba ipapisitseng le boemo bo phahameng ba thuto; ().

Tsamaiso

Litsebi tsa kelello le litsebi tsa mafu a kelello, tse nang le lilemo tse fetang 15 tsa boiphihlelo ba bongaka lefapheng la mafu a tlatsetsang, li ile tsa etsa lipuisano tse peli tsa sefahleho sa sefahleho e le hore li bokelle tlhaiso-leseling ea bongaka le ho hlakisa tlhahlobo ea bongaka ea mokuli e mong le e mong. Mehato eohle e hlahlojoang thutong ena e tsamaisana le tlhahlobo ea mantlha, pejana ho qaleho ea kalafo.

Tlhahlobo ea statistical

Tlhahlobo ea lipalo-palo e entsoe ka Stata 15 bakeng sa Windows. Pearson's coefficients ea khokahano e lekantse botsoalle lipakeng tsa lilemo tsa ho qala le nako ea boits'oaro bo thata ba ho lemalla botho le boemo ba bongaka. Monehelo o ikhethileng oa thobalano ea bakuli, ho qala le nako ea bothata bo boholo ba bokhoba ba tahi le boemo ba psychopathological bo ile ba lekanyetsoa ka khatello e mpe ea 'mele le khatello e lekanang ea mekhahlelo e mengata (bakeng sa ho bokella mekoloto le lintlha tsa SCL-90-R GSI). Mefuta ena e ne e kenyelletsa le ho leka litšebelisano tsa thobalano le ho qala le thobalano ka nako e telele: (a) bakeng sa lipehelo tse loketseng tsa tšebelisano, litlamorao tse le 'ngoe bakeng sa lilemo tsa bankakarolo li hakantsoe ka lihlopha tse tharo tse hlalositsoeng bakeng sa li-quartiles 1 le 3 tsa lilemo tsa qala [qalong (qala pele ho lilemo tse 20), mahareng (qala pakeng tsa lilemo tse 20 le 35) le morao (qala kamora lilemo tse 35)]; le (b) bakeng sa lipehelo tsa tšebelisano tse sa ameheng, litlamorao tse kholo li ile tsa hakanyetsoa le ho hlalosoa. Mefuta e ikemetseng e fumanoe bakeng sa mofuta ka mong oa tlhahlobo (GD, CB, IGD, le SA). Monehelo oa thobalano ha oa ka oa hlahlojoa bakeng sa IGD le SA, hobane ha ho basali ba kenyellelitsoeng ho li-subsamples tsena ka lebaka la maqhubu a bona a tlase lihlopheng.

Ethics

Boithuto bona bo ile ba etsoa ho latela mofuta oa morao-rao oa Phatlalatso ea Helsinki. Komiti ea Boitšoaro ea Sepetlele sa Univesithi ea Bellvitge (Barcelona, ​​Spain) e amohetse thuto, mme tumello e saennoeng e fumanoe ho tsoa ho bohle ba nkang karolo.

Results

Litšobotsi tsa mohlala

Halofo e kaholimo ea Tafole Table11 e kenyelletsa tlhaloso ea lintho tse ithutoang tsa sechaba. Lilemo tsa tatellano ea liketsahalo ho sampole ka botlalo li ne li le lilemo li 42.5 (SD = 13.5, e nang le lilemo tse pakeng tsa 18 le 75 ea lilemo li), ho bolela lilemo tsa ho qaleha ha ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebetso ea boits'oaro e ne e le lilemo tsa 29.9 (SD = 11.5) le moelelo nako ea moferefere e ne e le lilemo tsa 6.2 (SD = 5.9).

Lethathamo 1

Tlhaloso ea mohlala: Litekanyetso tsa sechaba le litaba tsa bongaka.

GD; n = 3,174IGD; n = 45CB; n = 113SA; n = 34
n%n%n%n%χ2p
GENDER
Tse tšehali2838.9008575.200502.6
Batona289191.1451002824.834100
QALANG
Spain293492.43986.711198.23397.18.650.034
Oa Tsamaea2407.6613.321.812.9
Thuto
ka sehloohong190560.02453.34338.1926.585.40
sekondari109234.42044.44640.71647.1
University1775.612.22421.2926.5
CIVIL STATUS
Single121238.24191.14338.1926.557.43
O nyetse - molekane153448.336.75145.11750.0
Ba hlalane - ba arohane42813.512.21916.8823.5
NTS'ELISITSOE LEHLOHONOLO
High461.412.243.525.953.27
E mahareng-e phahameng1384.300.01815.9411.8
Medium33910.7613.31412.4411.8
E mahareng96730.51226.73228.31441.2
Low168453.12657.84539.81029.4
MOSEBETSI
Ha ba sebetse141444.53680.05346.91544.122.69
O sebelisitsoe176055.5920.06053.11955.9
aLITLHAKISO TSA PUSO
Che37411.824.41311.525.93.430.330
E280088.24395.610088.53294.1
E bolelangSDE bolelangSDE bolelangSDE bolelangSDFP
BAKA, ONSET LE KHOLO
Lero (le lilemo li)42.813.522.68.442.611.542.611.933.76
Bofokoli bo bakoang ke mathata (ngoana ea lilemo li)29.911.519.38.132.912.033.713.016.82
Boloetse ba nako (yrs)6.26.03.32.56.85.86.05.73.900.009
PSYCHOLOGY: SCL-90R
Moetso oa GSI1.050.720.860.761.580.911.250.7820.21
LITLHAKISO TSA BOPHELO: TCI-R
Ho batla manonyeletso108.914.3103.713.1114.914.4110.814.37.85
Thibelo e kotsi101.117.0102.622.8111.019.7102.117.510.80
Ho itšetleha ka moputso98.514.892.317.1103.217.0100.515.25.840.001
Mamello108.520.193.620.8106.818.8103.621.18.20
Boithati127.021.1127.125.7124.123.9116.919.62.910.033
Tšebelisano-'moho130.416.3126.818.5133.915.7127.415.12.570.053
Boithati64.015.357.214.165.416.563.114.02.970.031

Hlokomela.

aLipuisano tsa nakong e fetileng ka lebaka la mathata a amanang le boitšoaro.

GD: Bothata ba papali ea chelete. IGD: bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete. CB: Ho reka ka tieo. SA: tlhekefetso ea thobalano.

SD: ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng. - Tekanyo ena e ne e sa fumanehe bakeng sa sehlopha sena.

Karolo e ka tlase ea Tafole Table11 e bonts'a phetisetso ea mefuta-futa ea kliniki le papiso lipakeng tsa subtypes ea ho hlahloba. Sehlopha sa IGD se kenyelelitse barupeluoa ba bacha ho feta, ba lilemo tse tlase ka ho fetisisa bothateng ba ho qaleha le nako ea ho hloka taolo. Mabapi le lintlha tsa botho, CB e ile ea fana ka lintlha tse phahameng ka ho fetesisa tsa ho batla boqhetseke, ho qoba ho senya likotsi, ho itšepa meputso le ho iphetola, ho lateloe ke GD.

Litloaelano lipakeng tsa lilemo tsa ho qala le nako le methati ea kliniki le botho

Lethathamo Table22 e kenyelletsa matrix ea ho hokahanya ho lekola kamano pakeng tsa lilemo tsa ho qala (lilemo tse) le nako (lilemo) ea ho lemalla boits'oaro bo bong le bo bong mehato ea bongaka. Bakeng sa sehlopha sa GD, ho ile ha hlaha mekhatlo e 'meli: mohlaleng o motona oa monna, ts'ebetso ea peleho e ne e hokahane le palo e phahameng ea litekanyetso tsa DSM-5, mme mohlaleng o ka tlase oa basali, ho qala pele ho nako ho ne ho hokahanngoa le lintlha tse phahameng tsa ho batla.

Lethathamo 2

Kopano lipakeng tsa lilemo tsa ho qala le nako ea BA le maemo a bophelo le boits'oaro.

GDIGDCBSA
Women n = 283banna n = 2,891banna n = 45Women n = 85banna n = 28banna n = 34
QalaDurat.QalaDurat.QalaDurat.QalaDurat.QalaDurat.QalaDurat.
Litekanyetso tse felletseng tsa DSM-5-0.240.10-0.190.050.44-0.05------
Iketsetse mekoloto-0.140.00-0.010.04---0.150.250.030.18-0.590.50
PSYCHOLOGY: SCL-90R
Moetso oa GSI-0.110.04-0.040.100.250.11-0.030.060.36-0.11-0.180.07
LITLHAKISO TSA BOPHELO: TCI-R
Ho batla manonyeletso-0.180.15-0.250.020.01-0.05-0.19-0.04-0.050.230.16-0.14
Thibelo e kotsi-0.15-0.060.070.070.260.08-0.12-0.120.34-0.21-0.080.07
Ho itšetleha ka moputso0.020.060.04-0.07-0.10-0.11-0.270.07-0.070.170.17-0.06
Mamello-0.02-0.06-0.03-0.07-0.100.020.020.12-0.010.27-0.180.09
Boithati0.06-0.040.06-0.09-0.23-0.150.070.09-0.250.25-0.030.14
Tšebelisano-'moho0.010.000.09-0.07-0.13-0.06-0.050.13-0.280.010.020.24
Boithati0.19-0.030.160.050.350.220.290.080.190.310.010.08

Hlokomela. GD, bothata ba ho becha; IGD, bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete; CB, ho reka ka tieo; SA, temallo ea thobalano.

Hlokomela. Bold: khokahano le e lekanang (| r |> 0.24) ho mefuta e metle (| r |> 0.37). - Ha e fumanehe bakeng sa sehlopha sena.

Bakeng sa basali ba fumanoeng ba e-na le CB, lilemo tse bonyenyane tsa ho qala li ne li amana le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa ho itšetleha ka moputso le maemo a tlase a ho iphetola, mme nako e telele ea bothata e ne e amahanngoa le likoloto tse phahameng tsa ho eketseha. Bakeng sa banna ba leng subtype ena ea tlhahlobo (CB): (a) lilemo tsa pele tsa ho qala li ne li hokahanngoa le lintlha tse tlase tsa SCL-90R le maemo a thibelo ea likotsi, le ho itaola ho phahameng le lintlha tse ngata tsa tšebelisano-'moho; (b) nako e teletsana ea ho hloka taolo e amanang le maemo a hloahloa lithutong tsa botho ba ho phehella, ho itaola le ho ikakasa.

Bakeng sa banna ba fihletseng litekanyetso tsa SA, nako e phahameng e ne e amana le lintlha tse phahameng tsa lehloeo.

Tlatsetso ea thobalano, lilemo tsa ho qala, le nako ea ho senya botebo

Lethathamo Table33 e na le mefuta e fapaneng ea boiphetetso e ananelang tlatsetso e ikhethileng ea thobalano, lilemo le nako ea koluoa ​​mehatong e matla ea boitšoaro. Mefuta e arohaneng e fumanoe bakeng sa pherekano e 'ngoe le e' ngoe (GD, CB, IGD, le SA) le tekanyo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e thata (palo ea mekhoa ea DSM-5, li-deum tse fumanehang, le lintlha tsa SCL-90R GSI). Mohlala, Model-1 e hlahloba tlatsetso ea mefuta-futa e ikemetseng ea lipatlisiso (thobalano, lilemo le nako) ho palo e fapaneng e itšetlehileng ea litekanyetso tsa DSM-5 ka kotloloho bakeng sa subsource ea GD. Bakeng sa regression e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e sa emeng B-parameter, phoso e tloaelehileng (SE), 95% karohanyo ea kholiseho (95% CI bakeng sa B), lipalo-palo tse fapaneng (Wald-chisquare bakeng sa regression e mpe-binomial le T bakeng sa regression regar) p- ho tlalehiloe litlaleho.

Lethathamo 3

Tlatsetso ea thobalano, ho qala le nako ho li-subtypes tse fapaneng tsa BA.

BSE95% CI (B)clipalo-palop
GAMBLING DISORDER; n = 3,174
[Model-1] aNqobello: Litekanyetso tsa DSM-5
(Intercept)2.1260.0951.942.31505.200.001
Thobalano (0: basali; 1: e motona)-0.0750.070-0.210.061.160.282
Nako (lilemo)0.0020.0030.000.010.440.508
Nako ea ho qala (ea lilemo li)-0.0050.002-0.010.009.180.002
[Model-2] aFana ka lintlha: bokella likoloto
(Intercept)10.0680.2569.5710.571543.670.001
Nako (lilemo)0.0120.0040.010.0210.580.001
dHo etsa thobalano (ho qala qalong)0.5790.304-0.021.183.630.057
dHo etsa thobalano0.3230.1060.120.539.290.002
dHo etsa thobalano0.9500.1080.741.1677.35
Nako ea ho qala (ho ba basali)-0.0270.007-0.04-0.0116.28
Nako ea ho qala (ho ba banna)0.0230.0020.020.03106.92
Tšebelisano: Ho kopanela liphate pele ho nako0.0500.0070.040.0650.620.001
[Model-3] bNtsu: SCL-90R GSI
(Intercept)1.7030.1581.392.0110.740.001
Nako (lilemo)0.0110.0020.010.025.08
dHo etsa thobalano (ho qala qalong)-0.4330.163-0.75-0.11-2.650.008
dHo etsa thobalano-0.6340.074-0.78-0.49-8.63
dHo etsa thobalano-0.4220.073-0.57-0.28-5.76
Nako ea ho qala (ho ba basali)-0.0070.004-0.020.00-1.760.048
Nako ea ho qala (ho ba banna)-0.0020.0010.000.00-1.460.143
Tšebelisano: Ho kopanela liphate pele ho nako0.0050.0040.000.01-1.820.068
HO BA LE CHELETE; n = 113
[Model-4] aFana ka lintlha: bokella likoloto
(Intercept)11.1490.43710.2912.00652.200.001
Thobalano (0: basali; 1: e motona)-0.4970.246-0.98-0.014.070.044
Nako (lilemo)0.0640.0190.030.1011.390.001
Nako ea ho qala (ea lilemo li)-0.0220.012-0.05-0.003.640.050
[Model-5] bNtsu: SCL-90R GSI
(Intercept)1.8610.3421.182.545.440.001
Nako (lilemo)-0.0100.016-0.040.02-0.660.508
dHo etsa thobalano (ho qala qalong)-0.4300.572-1.560.70-0.750.453
dHo etsa thobalano-0.7350.284-1.30-0.17-2.590.011
dHo etsa thobalano0.0430.318-0.590.670.130.893
Nako ea ho qala (ho ba basali)-0.0030.009-0.020.01-0.360.719
Nako ea ho qala (ho ba banna)0.0240.015-0.010.051.610.112
Tšebelisano: Ho kopanela liphate pele ho nako-0.7330.406-1.540.07-1.810.074
INTERNET GAMBLING DISORDER; n = 45 (FEELA MANE)
[Model-6] aNqobello: Litekanyetso tsa DSM-5
(Intercept)0.7520.540-0.311.811.940.164
Nako (lilemo)0.0050.072-0.140.150.010.940
Nako ea ho qala (ea lilemo li)0.0200.021-0.020.060.930.335
[Model-7] bNtsu: SCL-90R GSI
(Intercept)0.2310.372-0.520.9830.620.539
Nako (lilemo)0.0510.049-0.050.1501.050.298
Nako ea ho qala (ea lilemo li)0.0230.014-0.010.0521.630.110
HO FIHLELA SEX; n = 34 (FEELA MANE)
[Model-8] aFana ka lintlha: bokella likoloto
(Intercept)14.9421.23712.5217.37145.880.001
Nako (lilemo)0.1510.193-0.230.530.620.432
Nako ea ho qala (ea lilemo li)-0.2590.045-0.35-0.1732.84
[Model-9] bNtsu: SCL-90R GSI
(Intercept)1.6510.4490.742.573.680.001
Nako (lilemo)-0.0050.025-0.060.05-0.180.856
Nako ea ho qala (ea lilemo li)-0.0110.011-0.030.01-1.010.321
aBoiphetetso bo bobe - binomial.
bLinear makhetlo a mangata.
cWald-chisquare bakeng sa regression-binomial e fosahetseng le T bakeng sa tsamaiso ea morao-rao.
dKa lebaka la thobalano e loketseng ka ho qaleha, litlamorao tse le 'ngoe bakeng sa thobalano li fumanoe ka lihlopha tse tharo tse hlalositsoeng ke lilemo tsa ho qala: pele (ho qala pele ho lilemo tsa 20), mahareng (ho qala lipakeng tsa 20 le 35 ea lilemo li), le morao haholo (e qala kamora lilemo tsa 35). Bold: senele sa bohlokoa (boemo ba 0.05).

Sehlopheng sa GD, palo e phahameng ea litekanyetso tsa DSM-5 e ne e amana le lilemo tsa ho qala (B = −0.005; p = 0.002), athe ha ho na monehelo oa lipalo-palo o fumanoeng bakeng sa thobalano ea bakuli kapa nako ea lefu lena, mme ha ho na kamano pakeng tsa thobalano le ho qala le nako e fumanoeng molemong ona (Model-1 in Table Tafole3).3). Bakeng sa subtype ena ea BA, ha ho hlahlojoa tlhahlobo ea mekoloto ea cumrate (Model-2 ho Lethathamo) Tafole3)3) mohato ona oa eketseha bakeng sa bakuli ba nang le nako e telele, 'me puisano ea thobalano ka lilemo tsa ho qala e ile ea bolokoa e le bohlokoa: (a) litlamorao tse le' ngoe tsa thobalano li bontšitse hore banna ba tloaetse ho bokella likoloto tse ngata, mme phapang ena e eketsehile ka lilemo tsa ho qala ; le (b) litlamorao tse le ngoe bakeng sa lilemo tsa ho qala li bontšitse hore, bakeng sa basali, peleho ea pelehi, ba phahamisanang le ho feta mekoloto ha e ntse e le ea banna, ha ba baholo ba qala, ba phahamisitse likoloto.

Bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea SCL-90-R GSI (Model-3 ho Lethathamo Tafole3),3), boemo bo bobe ba psychopathological bo ne bo amana le nako e telele ea pherekano, mme ho etsa thobalano ka ho qala ho ne ho boetse ho bohlokoa ho hlalosa sephetho sena: (a) litlamorao tse le 'ngoe bakeng sa thobalano li paka hore basali ba lula ba ngolisa maemo a phahameng a kelello ha a bapisoa le banna, empa boholo ba phello bakeng sa liphapang tse itšetlehileng ka lilemo tsa ho qaleha ha pherekano (phello e phahameng e ne e ngolisitsoe ho qala pakeng tsa 20 le 35); le (b) lilemo tsa pele tsa ho qala ha lefu lena e ne e le ponelopele ea maemo a mabe a kelello ho basali, ha qaleho ea lefu lena e ne e se taba ea ho hlalosa maemo a GSI ho banna.

Bakeng sa sehlopha sa CB, kopanya likoloto ka lebaka la ho reka (Model-4 ho Tafole Tafole3)3) e eketsehile bakeng sa basali ba nang le nako e telele le lilemo tse qalang tsa bocha. Ha ho na puisano pakeng tsa botona le botšehali le lilemo le nako tse hlahileng. Mohlala o hlophisitsoeng bakeng sa boemo ba lefats'e ea psychopathological ho CB (Model-5 ho Tafole Tafole3)3) o bolokile likamano tsa botona le botšehali pele, mme liphetho tsa regression ena li bonts'itse hore maemo a mabe a kelello a ngolisitsoe bakeng sa basali ha a bapisoa le banna, empa ho bakuli ba tlalehileng lilemo tse qalang bakeng sa boteng bona (lipakeng tsa 20 le 35 ea lilemo li).

Bakeng sa subsamples tsa IGD le SA, thobalano ha e ea kenyelletsoa mefuteng kaha ha ho basali ba kenyelelitsoeng lihlopheng tsena. Bakeng sa IGD, ha ho neano ea lipalo ea nako le ho qala e ileng ea hlaha ho hlalosa palo ea mekhoa ea DSM-5 (Model-6 ho Lethathamo Tafole3)3) le maemo a lefats'e a psychopathological (Model-7 ho Tafole Tafole3).3). Bakeng sa banna sehlopheng sa SA, likoloto tsa cumrate li eketsehile bakeng sa bakuli ba lilemong tsa ho qala (Model-8 ho Tafole Tafole3),3), ha nako le ho qala e ne e se tlatsetso ho boemo ba kelello (Model-9 ho Lethathamo Table33).

Puisano le liqeto

Phuputso ena e ile ea lekola kamano e teng lipakeng tsa thobalano ea mokuli, lilemo tsa ho qala ha hae le nako ea ho lemala litabeng tsa kalafo (ho kenyeletsa le bothata ba lefu lena, boemo ba kelello le litšobotsi tsa botho. Phapang lipakeng tsa GD, IGD, CB, le SA li ile tsa lekoa, ka sepheo sa ho fana ka leseli mabapi le karolo e ka ntlafatsang ea karolo ea tlhekefetso ea boits'oaro.

Mokgatlo wa thobalano, ho qala le nako le ho teba, le boemo ba kelello

Liphetho tsa rona li bonts'a hore ka kakaretso, mokhoa o ikhethang oa likamano o ne o fapane ho latela boits'oaro ba bokhoba ba boitšoaro. Ka kakaretso, mosebetsi oa rona o fana ka bopaki bo bocha bo matla mabapi le likarolo tse ngata tsa boitšoaro bo hlephileng, tseo monehelo oa mefuta-futa joalo ka lilemo tsa ho qala, nako ea ho hloka taolo kapa litšobotsi tsa botho li bapalang karolo e fapaneng ho latela mofuta oa tlhahlobo le bakuli thobalano. Boithuto ba pejana bo ne bo se bo fumane litholoana tse ts'oanang mabapi le liphapang tsa boits'oaro ba boits'oaro, ba hlokometse hore li tlameha ho nkuoa e le maemo a fapaneng a maemo a kliniki (, ).

Li-correlate tse ikhethileng tsa nako ea ho qala le tsona li bonahala li ipapisitse le mofuta oa ts'oaetso le thobalano ea bakuli. Ts'ebelisano 'moho e ka bang teng e bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa GD le CB: a) ho GD, qaleho ea pele e amanang le matla a maholo ho banna le b) ho CB, qaleho ea pejana e amanang le maemo a phahameng a bothata ba ho lemalla basali (ba hlahisitseng mofuta ona o monyane oa ho hlahloba ha o bapisoa le oa banna, o tsamaellanang le lithuto tsa ho kopanya tse tlalehiloeng pejana le tlhahlobo ea boemo bo patiloeng, ).

Kopano ea thobalano, ho qala le nako le likarolo tsa botho

Mohlala oa likamano lipakeng tsa ho qala le nako ea ho lemalla boitšoaro le botho le ona o fapane ho latela mofuta oa tlhahlobo le thobalano ea bankakarolo. Ho GD, lilemo tsa pejana tsa ho qala li amahanngoa le ho batla mokhoa o phahameng oa ho batla ho banna, o shebahalang o le tumellanong le lipatlisiso tsa boits'oaro ho mehlala ea banna e nkang lilemo tsa ho qala e le mokhoa oa ho kena lipakeng pakeng tsa maemo a macha a batlang maemo le likamano tsa GD (joalo ka bothata ba bothata le psychopathology ().

Ho CBP, ho qaleha ho ne ho hokahana le maemo a phahameng a ts'epahalo ea moputso le lintlha tse tlase ho boitšireletso ho basali, le litekanyetso tse tlase ho qoba ts'enyehelo le maemo a phahameng a boits'oaro le ts'ebelisano ho banna. Liphetho tsena li ka bonts'a hore basali ba kopaneng le boemo bona ba ka ba kotsing ea ho batla tumello e kholo le ho bua ka mathata a ho sebetsana le mathata kapa maemo a sithabetsang, ha banna ba ka ba le sepheo, ba sebetsa hantle ebile ba itšepa. Ntle le moo, bakeng sa sehlopha sa CB, nako e telele ea ts'oaetso e ne e amahanngoa le ho phehella, ho itaola, le ho iphetola, ho bonahalang ho tsamaisana le ho bonoa lithutong tse fetileng (, ). Ka lebaka la khaello ea rona ea basali sehlopheng sa SA, ho ke ke ha khonahala ho etsa likamano lipakeng tsa botho le botona le botšehali ho bakuli ba nang le ts'ebeliso ea boitšoaro bona. Ho ka ba molemo hore lithuto tsa nako e tlang li kenyeletse mehlala e fapaneng le e leka-lekaneng. Le ha ho le joalo, re hlokometse hore sampole ea rona ea SA e amohela maemo a holimo a bocha ba ho batla ho bapisoa le bakuli ba GD, mme ho bohlokoa, maemo a tlase a ho itaola.

Meeli le matla

Leha a na le sampole e kholo ea kakaretso (e fanang ka matla a maholo a lipalo bakeng sa tlhahlobo le lipapiso tse ngata), palo ea bakuli lihlopheng tse ling e ne e le nyane. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ka lebaka la kamano e atamelaneng lipakeng tsa bokhoba ba boits'oaro bo bong le bo bong ba thobalano, phetisetso ea banna le basali e ne e sa tšoane haholo lipakeng tsa lihlopha. Leha ho le joalo, ho lokela ho hanoa hore mohlala o kenyeletsa bakuli bohle ba ileng ba ea setsing sa kalafo ea kalafo mme ba kopana le mekhoa ea ho kenyeletsoa / ka thoko, ka hona kabo ea bong e tsamaisana le maqhubu ao mathata ana a bang teng ho ona naheng ea rona (), e fanang ka bonnete bo phahameng ba kantle ho litholoana tsa rona.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, mosebetsi ona o reretsoe ho tseba thobalano ea bakuli, lilemo tsa bona le nako ea bona ea tlatsetso haholo-holo ho lemeno la boits'oaro le ngolisang tšoaetso e phahameng ka ho fetisisa setsing se ikhethang sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo Spain, ka hona ho hlahlobisisoa lihlopha tse ikhethileng. Patlisiso ea nako e tlang e tlameha ho etsoa ho sekaseka tlatsetso ea lintho tse joalo tse hlahang setulong sa bakuli ba hlahisang litheko tsa boits'oaro bo tšoanang.

Matla a mabeli a lipatlisiso tsa rona ke boholo bo boholo ba sampole le ho kenyelletsoa ha lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa lithuto tse fihlelang litekanyetso tsa tlhahlobo bakeng sa BA e fapaneng. Matla a mang a bohlokoa ke ho kenyelletsa le ho sekaseka mehato e mengata ea kelello, e koahelang ho teba ha BA, boemo ba kelello ba kelello le litšobotsi tsa botho.

boleloang

Liphetho tsa phuputso ena li fana ka bopaki bo bocha bo matla mabapi le likarolo tse ngata tsa boits'oaro ba boitšoaro, tseo monehelo oa mefuta-futa joalo ka lilemo tsa ho qala, nako ea ho hloka taolo kapa litšobotsi tsa botho li lokelang ho bapala karolo e fapaneng ho latela mofuta oa tlhahlobo le bakuli ' thobalano. Liphetho tsa rona li ka ba molemo bakeng sa liteko tsa kamoso tsa liteko tsa mofuta o kopaneng oa ho hlalosa mekhoa e lebisang ho qala le nts'etsopele ea ts'oaetso e ngoe le e ngoe ea boits'oaro. Joalo ka lits'ebetso tse rarahaneng haholo, tse nang le likarolo tse ngata tse fapaneng, ho hlokahala lithuto tse ling libakeng tse fapaneng: lipatlisiso tsa thuto ea methapo (mohlala, lithuto tsa methapo ea kutlo ho lemoha hore na ho ameha libaka life, marang-rang, le mesebetsi ea phethahatso / kutloisiso), le lithuto tsa bongaka (ho khetholla tse felletseng phenotypes le li-trajectories tsa nts'etsopele ea boemo ka bong ba ho hlahloba). Qetellong, kutlwisiso e qaqileng ea boits'oaro le boits'oaro ba boits'oaro ba boits'oaro, hammoho le lisosa tsa ho fapana ha eona, ho tla lumella ntlafatso ea boiteko ba thibelo le kalafo. Tlhokomelo e khethehileng e tlameha ho lefuoa monehelong oa likarolo tsa sechaba, haholo-holo ho tsa thobalano tse bonahalang li na le tlatsetso e rarahaneng 'meleng oa bakuli ba bakuli ho latela mefuta e meng e kantle. Litšebeletso tsa thibelo ea bophelo bo botle ba kelello le litšebelisano li tla ba molemo ho etsa lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo tse nang le khethollo e kholo bakeng sa mofuta ka mong oa tlhahlobo, le ho fana ka mananeo a sebetsang a ho kenella a laolang hantle li-phenotypes. Sena se bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa mefuta e meng ea boits'oaro ba boits'oaro, eo ho nang le lisebelisoa tse fokolang tsa ho lekanya le merero e fokolang ea kalafo e teng (joalo ka CB kapa SA).

Menehelo ea Mongoli

SV-S, RG, FF-A, JM, le SJ-M ba thehiloe tlhahlobo e ipapisitseng le liphetho tse fetileng le boiphihlelo ba bongaka ba NM-B, NA, MG-P, AdP-G, MB, le LM. SV-S, RG, VM-R, GM-B, TS, FF-A, le SJ-M ba ile ba etsa liteko, ba sekaseka tlhaiso-leseling, mme ba ngola moralo oa pele oa buka e ngotsoeng ka letsoho. SJ-M, TS, GM-B, RG, le FF-A e boetse e ntlafalitse mongolo.

Khohlano ea polelo ea thahasello

Bangoli ba bolela hore lipatlisiso li ne li etsoa ka ho se be le likamano leha e le life tsa khoebo kapa tsa lichelete tse ka nkoang e le khohlano e ka 'nang ea e-ba le thahasello.

lumela hore baa fokola

Ts'ehetso ea lichelete e amohetsoe ke Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (fana ka PSI2011-28349 le PSI2015-68701-R). FIS PI14 / 00290, FIS PI17 / 01167, le 18MSP001-2017I067 ba amohetse thuso ho Ministerio de Sanidad, servicios Sociales e Igualdad. CIBER Fisiología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) le CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) tseo ka bobeli e leng merero ea ISCIII. GMB e ts'ehetsoa ke thuso ea preActoral AGAUR (2018 FI_B2 00174), e fanang ka chelete e tšehelitsoeng ke Letlole la European Social Fund (ESF) "ESF", e tsetela ho bokamoso ba hau. Ka ts'ehetso ea bongoli ba liunivesithi le lipatlisiso tsa Lefapha la Khoebo le Tsebo ea Mmuso oa Catalonia. Re leboha Lenaneo la CERCA le Generalitat de Catalunya bakeng sa tšehetso ea setheo. Re boetse re leboha Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) le lenaneo la bona, "Una manera de hacer Europa" (Tsela ea ho aha Europe).

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