Tlhokomelo ea ho batla litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso e sebelisoa har'a basali (2017)

2017 Oct 16: 1-12. doi: 10.1556 / 2006.6.2017.063.

Lewczuk K1, Szmyd J2, Skorko M3, Gola M3,4.

 

inahaneloang

Ka morao le sepheo

Liphuputso tse fetileng li ile tsa hlahloba lintlha tsa kelello tse amanang le kalafo e batlang ts'ebeliso e mpe ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (PU) har'a banna. Thutong ena, re tsepamisitse maikutlo ho basali ba batlang kalafo bakeng sa PU e nang le mathata mme re ba bapisa le basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse seng bothata mabapi le mefuta e amanang le PU e nang le mathata. Taba ea bobeli, re fuputse likamano lipakeng tsa litlatsetso tsa bohlokoa tse amanang le PU e nang le mathata le mokhoa oa ho sekaseka tsela, re hatella ba boletseng esale pele bakeng sa kalafo e batlang har'a basali. Re bapisitse sephetho sa rona le lithuto tse fetileng ho banna.

mekhoa

Phuputso e entsoeng e entsoe ho basali ba 719 ba buang Sepolishe, 14-63 ea lilemo li, ho kenyelletsa le ba batlang kalafo ea 39 bakeng sa PU e nang le mathata.

Results

Kamano e ntle lipakeng tsa PU le kalafo e batlang e lahleheloa ke bohlokoa ba eona kamora ho hlahisa tse ling tse peli tse boletsoeng esale pele mabapi le ho batla kalafo: bolumeli le matšoao a mabe a amanang le PU. Mokhoa ona o fapane le liphetho tse fumanoeng lithutong tse fetileng ho banna.

Puisano

Ho fapana le lithuto tsa pejana ho sampole ea banna, tlhahlobo ea rona e bonts'itse hore maemong a basali, palo e fokolang ea PU e kanna ea amana le boits'oaro ba ho batla kalafo esita le ka mor'a ho bala ka matšoao a mabe a amanang le PU. Ho feta moo, tumelo ke ponelopele ea kalafo e batlang har'a basali, e ka bonts'ang hore maemong a basali, kalafo e batlang PU e nang le mathata ha e khothalletsoe feela ke matšoao a mabe a PU empa le tumelo ea motho ka PU le litloaelo tsa sechaba.

fihlela qeto e

Bakeng sa basali, matšoao a fosahetseng a amanang le PU, palo ea PU le borapeling li amana le ho batla kalafo. Lintlha tseo li lokela ho nahaneloa kalafong.

Selelekela

Karolo:
 
Karolo e fetilengKarolo e latelang

Boitšoaro ba batho ba botona le botšehali bo latela likarolo tse fapaneng tsa tlhaho, kelello, bophelo le setso. Mohlomong ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke bong. Ba batona le ba batšehali ba fapana ho ea ka physiology ea bona le psychology ea reactivity ea thobalano (Ciocca et al., 2015; Levin, 2005), likhetho, le tšebetso (Hsu et al., 1994; Wilson, 1987; Wilson & Lang, 1981; Wood, McKay, Komarnicky, & Milhausen, 2016). Mohlala, a re nke mohlala oa mekhahlelo e mene e latellanang, joalo ka ho bitsisa, sehlaba sa lefatše, sethala le qeto (Georgiadis le Kringelbach, 2012; Gola, Kowalewska, Wierzba, Wordecha, & Marchewka, 2015). Tsena li hlalosa potoloho ea karabelo ea monna thobalano ka mokhoa o nepahetseng empa e ne e lokela ho holisoa ho hlalosa potoloho ea karabelo ea basali ka thobalano e tšoanang.Basson, 2000, 2005). Ho feta moo, ho kopanela liphate ha monna ke e ikhethang ka bong athe tšebetso ea botona kapa ea botšehali e bonahala e le ngata bong-ha bo khethehe (Basali ba na le monyetla oa ho khahloa ke takatso ea ho etsa thobalano le ba batona kapa ba batšehali) (Huberman & Chivers, 2015; Huberman, Maracle, & Chivers, 2015). Ntle le moo, ho na le 'mele o ntseng o eketseha oa lipatlisiso o bonts'ang liphapang lipakeng tsa banna le basali mabapi le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ho ea ka datha e tsoang ho moemeli oa Sedanishe sa moemeli, ho na le basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka makhetlo a 'maloa ka beke (beke le beke) ho feta banna (3.7% vs. 18.3%) (Hald, 2006). Lintlha tsa morao-rao tse bokelletsoeng ho tsoa mehlala ea batho ba baholo ba Scandinavia (Kvalem, Træen, Lewin, & Štulhofer, 2014) bonts'a liphetho tse ts'oanang: 81% ea banna le 18% ea basali ba tlalehiloeng ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete beke le beke. Karolo e ts'oanang haholo e ka bonoa har'a batho ba batlang kalafo bakeng sa boits'oaro bo matla ba thobalano (CSBs): 19.6% ea basali le 80.4% ea banna (joalo ka ha ho tlalehiloe ke litsebi tsa bongaka ba 47 tse tsoang Mokhatlong oa Jeremane oa Tlhahlobo ea Thobalano; Klein, Rettenberger, & Briken, 2014). Ntle le moo, ho pepesetsoa lits'oants'o tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka nako eohle ho ka ba le 30% e tlase, 67% ha e bapisoa le 94% mohlaleng oa Norway (Træen & Daneback, 2013), le 62.1% ha e bapisoa le 93.2% mohlaleng oa baahi ba US (Sabina, Wolak, & Finkelhor, 2008). Patlisiso ea morao-rao e boetse e bonts'a hore ke 11.8% feela ea likarolo tsa PU tse tsamaeang le ho ipholla litho tsa botšehali ho batho ba bong bo fapaneng (23.9% har'a balekane le basodoma), athe e ne e le 42.2% har'a ba batona le ba bong bo fapaneng (51.4% har'a balekane ba bong bo tšoanang le ba batšehali) (Træen & Daneback, 2013). Ntle le moo, ho boetse ho na le phapang ea ho kopanela likobo matsatsing a karabelo ea maikutlo maikutlong a fosahetseng a mofuta o itseng (Wierzba et al., 2015).

Bafuputsi ba bontša hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ka ba le molemo ho basali ka mekhoa e mengata (Leiblum, 2001) joalo ka ba batona (Häggström-Nordin, Tydén, Hanson, & Larsson, 2009; Rothman, Kaczmarsky, Burke, Jansen, le Baughman, 2015), leha ho na le bopaki bo ntseng bo eketseha ba bopaki bo bonts'ang hore PU e ka ba boitšoaro bo thata ho batho ba bang (Gola, Lewczuk, & Skorko, 2016; Gola le Potenza, 2016; Gola, Wordecha, et al., 2017; Kraus, Martino, & Potenza, 2016; Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016; Park et al., 2016; Potenza, Gola, Voon, Kor, & Kraus, 2017). Boithuto ba morao-rao bo bontšitse litšobotsi tsa bohlokoa tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano tse khethollang batho ba batlang kalafo bakeng sa PU e nang le mathata ho batho ba sa batleng kalafo.Gola et al., 2016; Kraus, Martino, et al., 2016). Lithuto tsena li fane ka tlhaiso-leseling ea bohlokoa mabapi le PU e nang le mathata (re hlakisa taba ena karolong ena), empa moeli oa bona ke hore ba ne ba shebisisa feela mehlala ea banna. Re pheha khang ea hore liphetho tsa lithuto tsena li ke ke tsa akaretsoa ho basali ka lebaka la liphapang tse hlakileng tsa boitšoaro ba thobalano le PU lipakeng tsa thobalano mme ka lebaka leo re hloka tlhahlobo e arohaneng ea disampole tsa basali tse ka nahanang bonnete ba boitšoaro ba bona ba thobalano. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ka lebaka la khaello ea lipatlisiso tse fetileng tsa bafuputsi ba kalafo ba batlang basali, liphuputso tse tšoanang lipampiring tsa banna tse fumanehang li na le moelelo oa bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhahlobo e ncha ea basali. Re ikemiselitse ho li sebelisa ka mokhoa ona hantle, mme ho etsa sena, re tla fana ka litlhaloso tse khutšoane tsa boithuto ba rona ba pejana ho sampole ea banna e tla sebetsa e le sebaka sa ho qala lipatlisiso tsa mathata a PU ho basali.

Thutong e boletsoeng ka holimo (Gola et al., 2016), re lekotse banna ba 132 ba bong bo fapaneng ba batlang kalafo bakeng sa PU e nang le mathata. Ho li bapisa le basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba 437 ba sa batleng kalafo, re ikemiselitse ho sebetsana le eona haeba palo ea PU (e lekantsoeng ka palo ea lihora / beke) e reretsoe ho batla kalafo, kapa haeba kamano ena e kopants'oa ke matšoao a mabe a amanang le PU [e lekantsoe ke Teko ea Tlatsetso ea Thobalano ka Thobalano - Revised (SAST-R)] (Makala, Green, & Carnes, 2010; Gola, Skorko, et al., 2017). Tlhahlobo ea rona e bonts'itse hore palo ea PU e amana feela le ho batla kalafo, le hore kamano ena e sebelisana hantle le palo ea matšoao a mabe a amanang le PU. Phetoho ea morao-rao e ne e amana haholo le ho batla kalafo ho feta palo ea PU, mme o hlalositse 42% ea phapano ea ho batla kalafo. Re boetse ra hlahloba mefuta e meng e neng e kengoe hloohong hore e bohlokoa ho PU lithutong tse fetileng, ho kenyelletsa qalo le palo ea lilemo tsa PU, borapeling, lilemo, thobalano ea thobalano le boemo ba kamano (bona setšoantšo. 1 bakeng sa boithabiso ba pele ba sebopeho sa mofuta ona ho bonts'a mathata a basali a PU)Gola et al., 2016).

tlosa motsoali  

Setšoantšo sa 1. Tlhahlobo ea tsela ea mofuta o atolositsoeng e bonts'ang li-coefficients tse emisitsoeng tseleng e sebelisitsoeng meeli ea 95% e lokisitsoeng nako le nako ea ho itšepa (**p ≤ .001; *p <.05). Litekanyetso tsa li-brackets ke li-coefficients tse lekantsoeng bakeng sa litlamorao tse tobileng pele ho boikarabello bakeng sa litsela tse sa tobang. Metsu e sebete e emela likamano tse amanang le mohopolo oa rona oa mantlha. Litsela tse ling kaofela li emela likhopolo-taba tsa bobeli. PU lebitsong la maemo a feto-fetohang a ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Mehala e senyehileng e bonts'a litsela tse neng li sa qheleloe ka thoko ho mofuta oa ho qetela oa mofuta oa basali. Mehlala ea mehlala ea phapang e ngoe le e ngoe e thathamisitsoe ho Lethathamo 1

Ha re nahana ka liphapang tse kholo tse amanang le thobalano ho PU, re nahana hore setšoantšo sa likamano se tla shebahala ka tsela e fapaneng sampole ea basali. Taba ea mantlha, re nahana hore palo ea PU e kanna ea amana haholo le boits'oaro ba ho batla kalafo ho basali ho feta ho banna, leha o qeta ho bala ka matšoao a mabe a PU. Joalokaha ke 18% ea basali (pakeng tsa 18 le 30) ba bonang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa beke le beke (Hald, 2006), e ka bonoa e le boitšoaro bo khelohileng ho fapana le ba batona, bao boitšoaro bo joalo bo ka nkoang e le bo tloaelehileng. Bongata ba banna (67.6% -81% ka lilemo 18-30) ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa beke le beke (Hald, 2006; Kvalem et al., 2014). Kahoo, ona ke phapang ea mantlha e amanang le thobalano eo re ka e lebellang. Phapang ea bobeli ea bohlokoa e kanna ea amana le tšusumetso ea tumelo ho batla kalafo. Phuputsong ea bona ea morao-rao, Martyniuk, Dekker, Sehner, Richter-Appelt le Briken (2015) e bonts'e tšebelisano 'moho lipakeng tsa bolumeli le botona ha a bolela esale pele palo ea PU. Har'a basali, tumelo e phahameng e ne e amana hampe le PU. Ho makatsang ke hore, tumelo e ipitsitseng ea bolumeli e ne e amana hantle le PU har'a ba batona (Martyniuk et al., 2015) joalo ka ha ho hlokometsoe thutong ea rona e fetileng (Gola et al., 2016). Grubbs, Exline, Pargament, Volk, le Lindberg (2016) e bontšitse hore palo ea PU (leha ho le joalo e bapisoa le har'a batho ba bolumeli le bao e seng ba tumelo) ho palo e akaretsang ea banna le basali e amana le ntoa e matla ea moea har'a batho ba bolumeli mme e ka lebisa ho lemeleng ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ka hona, re nahana hore matšoao a mabe a amanang le PU le tumelo a ka ba liphatlalatso tsa kalafo tse batlang PU e nang le mathata ho basali.

Ka DRM, re na le merero e 'meli e meholo sehloohong sena. Ea pele ke ho bapisa lihlopha tsa basali tse batlang kalafo le tse hlokang kalafo mabapi le mefuta e amanang le PU e nang le mathata. Ea bobeli ke ho theha le ho sekaseka mohlala oa likamano lipakeng tsa mefuta e mahlonoko e amanang le PU e nang le mathata, haholo-holo ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho bao e ka bang litlhatlhobo tsa kalafo ba batlang hara basali. Ho fihlela sepheo sena, re ka se ts'epe ho bapisa lipapiso tse bonolo tsa boleng ba kalafo le ba sa batleng kalafo - mokhoa ona ha o lumelle ho lekola lipehelo tse rarahaneng tse neng li ngotsoe ka har'a lingoliloeng mme li hloka ho netefatsoa. Sebakeng seo, re sebelisitse tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo ea tsela 'me ra theha mohlala moo ho batlang kalafo e leng phetoho ea mantlha e itšetlehileng ka bona (bona likarolo tsa "Mekhoa" le "Liphetho" bakeng sa litlhaloso tse ling). Karolong ena ea tlhahlobo, re nkile mohlala oa rona oa pele oa banna e le ntlha ea ho qala (Gola et al., 2016). Mohatong o latelang, re entse liphetoho tsa bohlokoa mohlaleng ona ho e etsa hore e bonahale e le PU ea basali. Ho feta moo, karolong ea "Puisano", re totobalitse liphapang tsa bohlokoa lipakeng tsa thuto ena le sampole sa basali le tlhahlobo e fetileng ho ba batona.

mekhoa

Karolo:
 
Karolo e fetilengKarolo e latelang
Ho fumana data le lithuto

Lintlha li ile tsa bokelloa nakong e pakeng tsa Hlakubele 2014 le Loetse 2015 ho tsoa ho sampole ea baahi ba Caucasus, ba Poland ka patlisiso e thehiloeng marang-rang. Ho nkile likhoeli tse ka bang 18 ho fumana palo e lekaneng ea basali ba batlang kalafo bakeng sa PU e nang le mathata (N = 39). Ho etsa sena, re ile ra kopa litsebi tsa bongaka tse 23 (17 psychologists / psychotherapists, 4 psychiatrists, le 2 sexologists) ho fetisetsa bareki ba bacha ba phatlalatsang mathata a PU phuputsong ea rona. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le thutong ea rona ea pele (Gola et al., 2016), mekhoa ea mantlha ea ho kenyelletsa e ne e batla kalafo bakeng sa PU e nang le mathata le ho kopana le 4 ka ntle ho mekhoa ea 5 ea hypersexual disc (ho latela Kafka, 2010). Litekanyetso tsa ho ikhetholla e ne e le comorbid bipolar disorder kapa mania, joalo ka ha ho hlahlojoa potso e latelang: Na u kile oa fumanoa u e-na le lefu la ho ferekanya kelello? Basali ba sa batleng kalafo (N = 676) ba ile ba hiroa ka lipapatso tsa litaba tsa sechaba. Ha ba kenella phuputsong, ba arabelitsoeng ba ile ba fumana leseli la tumello le nang le tsebo. Nako e bolelang ea bankakarolo e ne e le 26.5 (SD = 5.93), ba 462 ba bona e ne e le ba bong bo fapaneng, ba bong bo fapaneng ba 86, 'me ba 19 e ne e le basodoma (152 ba ne ba sa fane ka leseli ka maikutlo a thobalano). Tloaelo ea botona le botšehali e ne e lekantsoe ke phetoho ea Poland ea Kinsey's Boemo ba Thobalano ea Thobalano (Wierzba et al., 2015). Ho shebella ho nang le data e lahlehileng ho ne ho sa aroloe ka bobeli (tekanyetso ea karabelo ka kakaretso = 70%), e fana ka palo e fokolang e fapaneng ea ho nka karolo ea bankakarolo e mong le e mong ea fapaneng, ho tloha ho 39 ho ea ho karolo ea 15 sehlopheng sa ba batlang kalafo 1). Mabapi le maikutlo a botona le botšehali, mohlaleng oa rona oa ba batlang kalafo, re ne re na le basali ba 17 ba phatlalatsang e le monna oa bong bo fapaneng, 6 joalo ka batho ba bong bo fapaneng, le 1 e le basodoma (basali ba 15 ba sa kang ba arabela). Sehlopheng sa batho ba batlang kalafo e seng kalafo, basali ba 444 ba phatlalalitse e le monna oa bong bo fapaneng, 80 e le ea bisexual, le 18 joalo ka basodoma.

 

  

Lethathamo

Lethathamo 1. Lipalo-palo tse hlalosang le lipapiso tse hlalosang maemo (Mann-Whitney) U tlhahlobo, ka boholo bo tsamaisanang le matla) bakeng sa lintho tse fetohileng tse sebelisoang mehlaleng ea rona, ho ipapisitse le ho batla kalafo (e / che) bakeng sa basali

 

 


  

 

Lethathamo 1. Lipalo-palo tse hlalosang le lipapiso tse hlalosang maemo (Mann-Whitney) U tlhahlobo, ka boholo bo tsamaisanang le matla) bakeng sa lintho tse fetohileng tse sebelisoang mehlaleng ea rona, ho ipapisitse le ho batla kalafo (e / che) bakeng sa basali

 NE bolelangSDRangeη2 boholo ba matla
Lebitso le fetolehangECheECheECheEChe
1. Matšoao a fosahetseng (0-20)2958911.343.994.713.1518200.081 **
2. Khafetsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (metsotso le beke)13265639.92103.02857.85218.192,3842,3980.031 **
3. Bolumeli bo ikhethileng (0-4)214612.191.051.441.33440.027 **
4. Mekhoa ea bolumeli (metsotso / beke)15185339.9387.70298.3195.731,1405400.115 **
5. Palo ea lilemo tse ngata tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa2242010.369.206.326.1525370.002
6.Lethathamo la tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (lilemo)2141217.0017.528.595.5635360.005
7. Lilemo3965127.3826.438.725.5727490.000
8. Nako e se e fetile ho tloha ka thobalano ea ho qetela ea thobalano (0-7)285492.963.802.591.98770.006
9. Palo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea ho ipholla litho nakong ea letsatsi la 1204337.153.725.743.0020200.021 *
10. Nako e telele ka ho fetesisa ea ho shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso20433197.0575.40258.7599.151,1991,1990.088 **

Hlokomela. Phapang ea bohlokoa molemong oa lipalo pakeng tsa lihlopha, joalo ka ha li hlahlojoa ke Mann-Whitney U tlhatlhobo. Mabapi le ho batla kalafo (0: che; 1: e). Boemo ba likamano (0: eseng kamanong; 1: kamanong) ha ea fapana ho latela ho batla kalafo (e / che) joalo ka ha ho lekiloe ke χ2 tlhatlhobo. χ2(1) = 1.87; p = .172; boholo ba sephetho: φ = 0.07.

*p <.05. **p <.001.

Liphello tsa liphello

Mehato eohle ea sephetho e ne e tšoana hantle le thutong ea rona e fetileng (Gola et al., 2016), moo ho ka fumanoang litlhaloso tse hlakileng haholoanyane. Mohato o ka sehloohong - Ho batla kalafo - e ne e le mokhoa oa kalafo o neng o batla PU ea mathata (ho kopana le setsebi sa kelello, ngaka ea mafu a kelello, kapa setsebi sa thobalano se ileng sa hlahloba mokuli le ho mo lebisa tlhahlobo). Bakeng sa taolo, ka har'a tlhahlobo ea batho ba sa batleng kalafo, re ile ra botsa hore na lithuto li kile tsa sebelisa thuso ea mofuta o fe ka lebaka la boitšoaro ba thobalano. Ha ho na linyeoe tse joalo.

Palo ea PU e lekantsoe e le palo e lekantsoeng ea metsotso / beke e sebelisitsoeng ho PU nakong ea khoeli e fetileng. Matšoao a fosahetseng a ile a hlahlojoa ke tloaelo ea Sepolesa ea SAST-R [20 lintho tse nang le karabo ea e / ha ho joalo (Gola, Skorko, et al., 2017)], ho lekanya (a) ho tšoenyeha, (b) ho ama le (c) ho tsitsinyeha ha likamano ke boitšoaro ba thobalano, le (d) maikutlo a ho lahleheloa ke taolo holim'a boitšoaro ba thobalano. Hobane ho hlahlojoa ha sebopeho sa morao-rao sa matšoao a bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ne e se sepheo sa rona se tobileng, re ile ra nka lintlha tse felletseng ho lipotso tsa SAST-R joalo ka phapang e bonoang. Phapang e ka hare ea lipotso ho thuto ena e ne e le phahameng haholo (Cronbach's α = .82).

Age ea ba arabetseng e bontšitsoe lilemo, Setsi sa PU e lekantsoe e le lilemo tse boletsoeng tseo ba arabileng ba ileng ba qala ho shebella litšoantšo kapa livideo tse hlakileng tsa thobalano, le Palo ea lilemo tsa PU e baliloe ho tloha qalehong ea PU le lilemo tsa moqosuoa. Tumelo e e latelang e ne e lekantsoe ka sekala sa mofuta oa Likert se nang le li-ankora ho 0 (ha ho joalo) le 4 (ehlile ehlile) ka potso e latelang: Na u inka u le motho oa bolumeli? Batho ba phatlalalitseng boleng bo fetang 0 ka tekanyo ena ba ile ba botsoa lipotso tse ling ka tsa bona Mekhoa ea bolumeli, e lekantsoeng ke kakaretso e lekantsoeng ea nako e sebelisitsoeng (metsotso / beke) lits'ebetsong tsa bolumeli kapa tsa moea, joalo ka lithapelo, ho nka karolo litšebeletso / litšebeletso, ho bala libuka tsa moea, lipuisano, joalo-joalo. Re boetse ra kopa Nako e se e fetile ho tloha molemong oa thobalano ea ho qetela ea thobalano, ho sebelisoa sekala sa odara ho tloha ho 0 ho isa ho 7 (0 - kajeno; 1 - maobane; 2 - matsatsi a ho qetela a 3; matsatsi a 3 - a ho qetela a 7; matsatsi a 4 - a ho qetela a 30; likhoeli tse 5 - tse 3 tse fetileng; 6 - ho feta matsatsi a 90 a fetileng; le 7 - Ha ke so ka ke robala le motho e mong). Bafo ba ile ba botsoa ho khetha karabelo e nepahetseng ka ho fetesisa. Boemo ba kamano e lekantsoe e le phatlalatso ea ho ba kamanong (e hlophisitsoeng kapa e sa reroang = 1 kapa che = 0). E fapaneng Palo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea ho ipholla litho ka letsatsi le le leng ke palo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali nakong ea letsatsi la 1, le phapang Nako e telele ka ho fetesisa ea ho shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso e bonts'a ketsahalo ea nako e telele ho feta e tlalehiloeng e sa tlalehiloeng ea ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (ka metsotso e seng mekae).

Tlhahlobo ea statistical

Boemong ba pele, re bapisitse boleng ba liphetoho tse amanang le PU e nang le mathata le kalafo e batlang le ts'ebeliso ea Mann-Whitney U tlhatlhobo. Re sebelisitse tlhahlobo ena ka lebaka la sampole e sa lekanang pakeng tsa lihlopha tse bapisoang: batho ba batlang kalafo le ba sa batleng kalafo, le ho fapana ho hoholo ka lihlopha tsena ka bobeli. Ka mor'a moo, re sebelisitse tlhahlobo ea tsela ho lekola bohlokoa ba likamano tsa rona tse amanang lipakeng tsa lintho tse amanang le PU e nang le mathata. Re khethile mokhoa oa ho sekaseka tsela hobane e re lumella ho lekola likamano tse rarahaneng, tse pakeng tsa maemo a phahameng lipakeng tsa mofuta o le mong oa mofuta le mekhoa ea ka hare ho mofuta o le mong. Karolong ena ea tlhahlobo, ha re a bapisa batho ba batlang kalafo le ba sa batleng kalafo, empa re nkile ho batla kalafo e le phetoho e ka sehloohong e itšetlehileng 'me e le liteko tse ling tse tebileng tse amanang le PU e nang le mathata e le batseteli. IBM SPSS Amose (Arbuckle, 2013) ka tekanyo e kholo ea menyetla e sebelisitsoeng ho etsa tlhahlobo ea rona. Ha tse ling tsa rona li sa fetoloe ka mokhoa o sa tloaeloeng, re hakanya bohlokoa ba li-coefficients tse emeng le 5,000 bootstrap iterations mme re sebelisitse matrix ea ho ikamahanya joalo ka keketso. Bohlokoa ba litlamorao tse sa tobang bo ile ba lekoa ka tšebeliso ea linako tsa 95%-bied-bias-fixated bootstrapped intervals (MacKinnon, 2008). Re ile ra leka boleng ba mehlala ea rona ka lipalopalo tse 'maloa tse netefalitsoeng. Ho lekana hantle ho bontšitsoe ke sephetho sa χ2 teko, boleng bo bapisoang ba index (CFI) bo boholo ho feta 0.95, phoso e boleleng ea boholo ba bolelele (RMSEA) e tlase ho 0.06, 'me motso o emeng ka bolelele o bolela hore masala a setseng (SRMR) a tlase ho 0.08 (Hu & Bentler, 1999).

Ethics

Lisebelisoa tsa ho ithuta le protocol li amohetsoe ke Komiti ea boitšoaro ea Setsi sa Psychology, Setsi sa Mahlale sa Poland. Lintlha tsohle li ile tsa tsebisoa ka phuputso eo mme bohle ba fuoe tumello e nang le tsebo.

Results
Karolo:
 
Karolo e fetilengKarolo e latelang
PU ea mathata

Re ile ra qala tlhahlobo ea rona ka ho bapisa batho ba batlang kalafo ea basali le ba batlang kalafo ho ea ka maemo a amanang le PU e nang le mathata. Tafole 1 e bonts'a liphetho tsa Mann-Whitney tse tsamaellanang U liteko le boholo ba phello bo bonts'itsoeng ke eta e hahiloe habeli (Stud2) lipalo-palo tse lekanang le tsa mantlha tse hlalosang lihlopha ka bobeli. Batho ba batlang kalafo, ha ba bapisoa le ba sa batleng kalafo, ba fumane lintlha tse phahameng ho latela boholo ba matšoao a mabe a amanang le PU le palo ea PU. Ntle le moo, ba batlang kalafo ba phatlalalitse palo e phahameng haholo ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali nakong ea letsatsi la 1 le likarolo tse telele tsa ho itlopa joala ka ho shebella. Ho khahlisang ke hore sehlopha sa ba batlang kalafo se fihletse lintlha tse phahameng litloaelong tsa bolumeli le borapeling bo ikemetseng.

Kamora nako, litholoana tsa rona li bonts'a hore lihlopha tse batlang kalafo le tse sa batleng kalafo li ne li sa fapana ho latela nako e se e fetile ho tloha nakong ea thobalano ea ho qetela ea thobalano, lilemo, ho qaleha le lilemo tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

Lintlha tse amanang le ho batla kalafo

Ka mor'a moo, re ile ra hlahloba likamano lipakeng tsa lintho tse amanang le PU ea mathata le kalafo e batlang ea basali, ka tšebeliso ea mehlala ea tlhahlobo ea litsela. Mehopolo eo re e lekotseng mehlaleng ena e ne e ikemiselitse ho latela lingoliloeng tse fumanehang (Kraus, Martino, et al., 2016; Kraus, Voon, et al., 2016) le sephetho sa tlhahlobo e ts'oanang eo re neng re e etsa sampole ea banna (Gola et al., 2016). Ka mantsoe a mang, karolo ena ha e shebane feela le ho bapisa boleng ba lintho tse fapaneng tse teng lihlopheng tsa kalafo le batho ba sa batleng kalafo. Sebakeng sena, karolong ena ea tlhahlobo, re ile ra fuputsa matla a likamano lipakeng tsa litlatsetso tsa bohlokoa tse amanang le PU e nang le mathata, ka ho totobatsa ba ikhethileng ba ka batlang litlhare esale pele.

Li-coefficients tsa Correlation bakeng sa mefuta eohle e sebelisitsoeng mehlaleng ea rona ea litsela li hlahisitsoe ka Lethathamo 2. Re sebelisitse khokahano ea khokahano ea lintlha tse fumanehang bakeng sa lintlha tse fumanehang bakeng sa dummy-coded variants (ho batla kalafo le boemo ba kamano) le tšebelisano ea khokahano ea Pearson bakeng sa phomolo.

 

 

  

Lethathamo

Lethathamo 2. Lipalo-palo tse hlalosang le li-coefficients tse amanang le tsona bakeng sa lintho tsohle tse kenyelletsoeng tlhahlobisong ea basali

 

 


  

 

Lethathamo 2. Lipalo-palo tse hlalosang le li-coefficients tse amanang le tsona bakeng sa lintho tsohle tse kenyelletsoeng tlhahlobisong ea basali

Lebitso le fetolehang1234567891011
1. Matšoao a fosahetseng (0-20)1          
2. Khafetsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (metsotso le beke)0.45 **1         
3. Bolumeli bo ikhethileng (0-4)0.09 *0.17 *1        
4. Mekhoa ea bolumeli (metsotso / beke)a0.25 **0.55 **0.28 **1       
5. Palo ea lilemo tse ngata tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa0.060.04−0.16 *-0.061      
6.Lethathamo la tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (lilemo)−0.14 *-0.120.17 *0.07−0.53 **1     
7. Lilemo-0.01−0.15 *-0.03-0.060.46 **0.45 **1    
8. Nako e se e fetile ho tloha ka thobalano ea ho qetela ea thobalano (0-7)−0.09 *0.040.14 *0.10−0.14 *0.09-0.011   
9. Ho batla kalafo (1: e; 0: che)0.43 **0.38 **0.17 **0.49 *0.04-0.020.030.09 *1  
Boemo ba 10.Relationship (1: kamanong; 0: eseng kamanong)−0.10 *-0.08-0.01-0.120.16 **-0.020.07−0.57 **-0.051 
9. Palo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ka letsatsi le le leng0.39 **0.44 **-0.060.28 *0.14 *-0.070.02-0.060.22 **0.011
10. Nako e telele ka ho fetesisa ea ho shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso0.39 **0.67 **0.030.37 **0.17 *−0.18 **-0.050.010.22 **-0.060.48 **

Hlokomela. aPotso mabapi le litloaelo tsa bolumeli e ile ea botsoa feela ho barupeluoa, ba ileng ba bolela hore ke ba tumelo ho potso e fetileng (bolumeli bo ikhethileng).

*p <.05. **p <.001.

Re qalile karolo ena ea tlhahlobo ea rona ea lipalo ka tlhahlobo ea maikutlo a rona a mantlha, re re palo ea PU har'a basali e ka amana haholo le kalafo e batlang PU e nang le mathata. Tlhahlobo ea rona e bonts'itse hore kamano ena e hlile e bohlokoa (hakanya = 0.38, p <.001).

Kamora ho hlahisa mohanyetsi ea hypothesised (ho teba ha matšoao a fosahetseng a amanang le PU), matla a kamano e tobileng pakeng tsa palo ea PU le kalafo e batlang a fokotsehile, empa a lula a le chatsi le bohlokoa [hakanyetso = 0.23 (95% bias-fixated discval = 0.15- 0.31); p <.001]. Tsela eo ho buisanoeng ka eona ea bonamoli e boetse ea fetoha ea bohlokoa [0.15 (0.11-0.19)], ka boholo bo boholo ba matla:2 = 0.130 (kappa squared, joalo ka ha tlhahiso ea Moreri & Kelley, 2011). Qetellong, sephetho sa rona se supa hore botebo ba matšoao a mabe a amanang le PU e kopanya karolo e itseng pakeng tsa palo ea PU le ho batla kalafo (Setšoantšo. 1).

Mohatong o latelang, re hlahisitse tse boletsoeng esale pele tsa matšoao a mabe a amanang le PU (Setšoantšo 1): (a) qalo le (b) palo ea lilemo tsa PU, (c) bolumeli bo ikhethileng, le (d) litumelo tsa bolumeli. Tlhahlobo ea rona e senotse hore ho qaleha ha PU feela ho bolela esale pele botebo ba matšoao a mabe a amanang le PU [khakanyo = −0.10, (95% bias-fixed interval = −0.18 ho −0.02); p = .002].

Tlhahlobo ea rona e boetse e bonts'a lilemo tsa hore e ne e le ngata haholo, li sa tsamaisane hantle le palo ea PU [−0.15 (−0.23 ho −0.07). Banana ba banyenyane ba sebelisitse litšoantšo tse ngata tsa bootsoa ho feta basali ba baholo. Ntle le moo, basali ba neng ba le kamanong ba phatlalalitse hore nako e khuts'oanyane e se e fetile ho tloha ka thobalano ea ho qetela ea thobalano; khakanyo = −0.57 (Setšoantšo 1). Leha ho le joalo, nako e se e fetile ho tloha ha thobalano ea ho qetela ea thobalano e sa kopanye kamano pakeng tsa lilemo le palo ea PU (hakanyetsa = 0.001, p = .259; boholo ba phello: κ2 = 0.001).

Mohatong o latelang, re bapisa mefuta e sa reroang le e thata ea mohlala oa rona. Mofuta ona o sa ratoang o ne o entsoe ka litsela tsohle tse hlahlobiloeng. Mofuteng o hatelletsoeng, re hlophisitse litsela tsohle tse se nang bohlokoa tsa 0 (litsela tsohle tse senang bohlokoa li bonahala ho Setšoantšo. 1). Ka ho bapisa mefuta ena e 'meli, re ile ra khona ho hlahloba hore na litsela tsena li fana ka boleng bo bongata ba tlhahisoleseling ho mohlala (Byrne, 2009). Lekhetlong lena, lintlha tse fumanehang bakeng sa mofuta o sa ratoang oa mohlala e ne e le: χ2(34) = 2,424.45, p <.001; CFI = 0.215, RMSEA = 0.313, SRMR = 0.1733. Bakeng sa mofuta o qobelloang: χ2(39) = 2,427.63, p <.001; CFI = 0.215, RMSEA = 0.292, SRMR = 0.1749. Mefuta ena e 'meli ea mofuta o buuoeng ha ea ka ea fapana haholo, χ2(5) = 3.179, p = .672. Ho latela sephetho sena, re hlakotse litsela tsohle tseo e seng tsa bohlokoa ho tsoa ho mohlala. Mohato o latelang, re boetse re hlakotse tsela lipakeng tsa maemo a kamano le nako e fetileng ho tloha nakong ea thobalano e matla ea ho qetela. Tsela ena e ile ea fetoha e sa hlokahaleng hobane e ne e hokahantsoe le mofuta o mong kaofela ka e 'ngoe ea litsela tse seng tsa bohlokoa tse tlositsoeng mohatong o fetileng. Litsela tsohle tse tlositsoeng li tšoauoa ka metsu e phunyeletsoeng ho Setšoantšo 1.

Nakong ena, li-indices tse loketseng e ne e le: χ2(6) = 174.20, p <.001; CFI = 0.687, RMSEA = 0.217, SRMR = 0.1231. Re kentse covariance lipakeng tsa lilemo tsa phoso le ho qala ha PU. Tlhahlobo ea rona e senotse hore lilemo li amana hantle le ho qala ha PU (r = .45): basali ba baholo ba qalile ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hamorao bophelong ba bona. Kamora ho kenyelletsoa ha kamano ena mohlala oa rona o ne o lokile hantle: χ2(4) = 11.87, p = .018; CFI = 0.985, RMSEA = 0.052, SRMR = 0.0317.

Mofuta ona oa mohlala o hlalositse 23% ea phapang e teng kalafong e batloang sehlopheng sa basali. Tlhahlobo ea rona ea nakong e fetileng ea mofuta o tšoanang oa banna e hlahisitse 43% ea phapang e hlalositsoeng, e leng boleng bo phahameng haholo (Gola et al., 2016). Kahoo, ho ea ka thuto ea rona e iqapetsoeng e iqapetsoeng le lithuto tsa morao-rao (Grubbs et al., 2016; Martyniuk et al., 2015; Štulhofer, Jurin, & Briken, 2016), re nkile qeto ea ho lekola hore na tumelo e ka ba sesupo sa kalafo sa ho batla kalafo (se etsang hore e be ponelopele ea boraro ea kalafo e batlang mohlaleng oa rona, joalo ka ha o hlahisitsoe ho Setšoantšo. 2). Re boetse re shebile hore na kamano e teng lipakeng tsa bolumeli le palo ea PU ke eng.

tlosa motsoali  

Setšoantšo sa 2. Tlhahlobo ea tsela ea ho qetela ea mohlala oa basali ba bonts'a li-coefficients tse emisitsoeng tseleng e sebelisitsoeng 95% khafetsa khafetsa kholiseho ea nako ea ho se tšepe (**p ≤ .001; *p <.05). Litekanyetso tsa li-brackets ke li-coefficients tse lekantsoeng bakeng sa litlamorao tse tobileng pele ho boikarabello bakeng sa litsela tse sa tobang. Metsu e matlafalitsoeng e emela kamano lipakeng tsa bongata ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse sebelisoang le kalafo e batloang, le puisano ea eona ka matšoao a mabe (taba ea mohopolo oa rona oa mantlha). Litsela tse ling kaofela (metsu e se nang sebete) e emela khopolo-taba ea rona ea bobeli. Metsu e phunyeletsoeng e bonts'a litsela tse ileng tsa fetoha tsa bohlokoa kamora ho kenyelletsoa ha mokena-lipakeng kapa sebui se seng. Mehlala ea boholo ba mofuta o mong le o mong e thathamisitsoe ho Lethathamo 1

Tlhahlobo e entsoeng e bontšitse hore litloaelo tsa bolumeli li ne li bonahala e le ponelopele ea kalafo e batlang basali (hakalo = 0.40, p <.001). Ho feta moo, e ne e le eona ponelopele e matla ka ho fetesisa ea ho batla kalafo (leha phapang lipakeng tsa matla a ponelopele lipakeng tsa litumelo le matšoao a mabe e ne e se ea bohlokoa). Kamora ho tsebisa se boletsoeng esale pele ka mohlala, kamano lipakeng tsa palo ea PU le ho batla kalafo ha ea ka ea e-ba ea bohlokoa (tekanyetso = 0.01, ns). Ka lebaka la liphetoho tsena, matla a boletsoeng esale pele a mofuta oa rona a ntlafetse, a hlalosa 34% ea phapang ea ho batla kalafo har'a basali. Hape re kenyelelitse khokahano lipakeng tsa litumelo tsa bolumeli le palo ea PU ka har'a mofuta (tekanyetso = 0.55); sena se boetse se hlalositsoe ka tlase. Ho feta moo, re kentse nako ea covariance pakeng tsa ho qala ha PU le palo ea PU. Kamano ena e ne e fokola (tekanyetso = 0.10) empa e bohlokoa (p = .006) - Ho pepesehela litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro pejana ho hokahane le PU e phahameng. Mofuta oa rona oa ho qetela oa mofuta oa basali (Setšoantšo 2) e ne e na le seemo se hantle: χ2(6) = 22.387, p <.001; CFI = 0.982, RMSEA = 0.062, SRMR = 0.0283.

Ntle le moo, re ile ra hlahloba kamano e ntle (hakanya = 0.55; N = 89) lipakeng tsa palo ea PU le litumelo tsa bolumeli. Re fumane hore matla a kamano ena a thehiloe feela ke sehlotšoana (n = 6) ea ba batlang kalafo ka ts'ebeliso e phahameng haholo ea ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (M = 1,091 mets / beke) le litloaelo tse phahameng tsa bolumeli (M = 480.83 mets / beke). Kamano eo ho buuoeng ka eona ha ea ka ea fihlela bohlokoa ha ba batlang kalafo ba qheleloa ka thoko tlhahlobisong (tekanyetso = 0.15, p = .165, N = 83). Qetellong, kamano ena ha e bohlokoa ho ba batlang kalafo empa e matla haholo sehlopheng se batlang kalafo.

Puisano

Ka tsebo eohle ea rona, ena ke e 'ngoe ea lipalo tse fokolang haholo tsa basali ba batlang kalafo bakeng sa PU e nang le mathata le ea pele ea ho etsa lipatlisiso e amanang le boits'oaro bo batlang kalafo. Ka lebaka la khaello ea lithuto tse joalo ho basali, re sebelisitse lithuto tsa rona tsa pejana ho sampole ea banna e le mohloli oa tlhahlobo ea rona bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea rona. Liphetho tsa boithuto bona li bonts'a ho tšoana le ho se tšoane ho hlakileng lipakeng tsa liphetho tsa PU tsa basali tse thata le lithuto tse fetileng mabapi le taba ena bakeng sa ba batona.Gola et al., 2016; Kraus, Martino, et al., 2016). Taba ea mantlha, tlhahlobo ea rona e bonts'itse hore basali ba batlang kalafo bakeng sa PU e nang le mathata ba na le matšoao a mabe a amanang le PU le palo e phahameng ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho feta batho ba sa batleng kalafo. Sephetho sena ha se makatse, ha u nahana ka liphetho tse fumanoeng lithutong tse fetileng (Gola et al., 2016; Kraus, Martino, et al., 2016). Leha ho le joalo, ho khahlisang le ho feta, tlhahlobo ea rona e bonts'itse hore basali ba batlang kalafo ba ka ba le linako tsa ts'oaetso (ka qeto e phahameng ea palo ea thobalano nakong ea letsatsi la 1 le liketsahalo tse telele tsa ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa). Libukeng tse fumanehang, re ka fumana bopaki ba hore maemo a thata sechabeng maemong a mang a ka kenya letsoho ho PU ea mathata, hobane a khothaletsa nako ea ho tlohela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​a lateloa ke nako ea lithibela-mafu le PU e feteletseng.Metsoana, 1983; Kraus, Martino, et al., 2016; Wordecha, Wilk, Kowalewska, Skorko, & Gola, 2017). Bopaki ba pele bo netefatsang tlhaloso ena bo ka fumanoa liphapusing tsa tumelo pakeng tsa basali ba batlang le ba sa batleng kalafo. Sehlopha se batlang kalafo se tlaleha litekanyetso tse phahameng bakeng sa bolumeli bo ikhethileng le boholo ba litloaelo tsa bolumeli nakong ea beke. Re hlakisa karolo e ka khonehang ea litloaelo tsa maemo a bophelo le tumelo ho basali ba nang le bothata ba PU ka tlase, re buisana ka eona le litholoana tsa lithuto tse ling tsa morao tjena.

Karolo ea bobeli ea bohlahlobo ba rona e ne e ipapisitse le mofuta oa lipalo oa likamano lipakeng tsa mefuta e amanang le ho batla kalafo le PU e nang le mathata. Tumellanong le liphetho tse ngata tse fetileng tse bonts'ang phapang e amanang le thobalano ts'ebetsong ea thobalano, liphetho tse fumanoeng thutong ena mohlaleng oa basali li fapana le lithuto tsa pejana ho sampole tsa banna. Pele re akaretsa lintlha tsa rona ka tlhahlobo ea hajoale mabapi le sampuli ea basali, re rata ho hopotsa sephetho sa mantlha ho tsoa thutong ea rona e fetileng mabapi le banna (Gola et al., 2016). Re bonts'itse hore: (a) palo ea PU ke ponelopele e fokolang ea ho batla kalafo empa (b) e amana le ho teba ha matšoao a mabe (a lekantsoeng ke SAST-R), 'me ntlha ena e hlalosa boits'oaro bo batlang kalafo . Ntle le moo, (c) hara banna, lilemo ha li amane le PU mme (d) ho qaleha ha PU ha ho bolele ho teba ha matšoao a mabe a amanang le PU. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, (e) palo ea litumelo tsa bolumeli ha e bolele esale pele ho batla kalafo kapa ho teba ha matšoao a mabe a amanang le PU (Gola et al., 2016).

Ha re ts'ebetsa hypothesised, ho basali, palo ea PU e ne e amana haholo le kalafo e batlang PU e nang le mathata. Palo ea PU e ne e boetse e amana le ho teba ha matšoao a amanang le a mabe (Setšoantšo 1), le ho teba ha matšoao a amanang ho ne ho amana le ho batla kalafo. Kamano ea ho qetela e ne e fokola haholo ho banna (pap. B). Ntle le moo, ho fapana le tlhahlobo ea rona bakeng sa banna, kamano e lipakeng tsa PU le kalafo e batlang har'a basali e lula e bohlokoa, leha ho ikarabella bakeng sa bobuelli ka ho ba le matšoao a mabe. Sephetho sena se khahlisang se bonts'a hore basali ba nang le bothata ba PU mohlomong ha ba batle kalafo eseng feela ka ts'usumetso e mpe ea PU bophelong ba bona empa hape le ka lebaka la palo e nyane ea PU (ha lithutong tse fetileng li shebile mehlala ea banna, taba ea morao-rao ha e bohlokoa. ). Sena se hlahisa potso mabapi le lebaka le hlalosoang la hore na hobaneng basali ba tloaelo ba PU ba ka bonoa e le bothata har'a basali. Lebaka le ka 'nang la etsahala ke hore PU e tloaelehileng e ka bonoa ke boholo ba basali e le boitšoaro bo sa tloaelehang ho feta ba banna. Har'a banna, PU ea beke le beke e bonahala e le mokhoa o tloahelehileng (hoo e ka bang 70% -80% ea banna ba pakeng tsa 18-30), empa hara basali, basali ba ka tlase ho 20% ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa beke le beke (joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho Danish e kholo le Scandinavia lithuto: Hald, 2006; Kvalem et al., 2014). Phapang ena e ka 'na ea baka tumelo (har'a basali) ea hore PU khafetsa ke mofuta o mong oa boitšoaro bo khelohileng ho fapana le ba batona, bao boits'oaro bo tšoanang bo ka nkoang e le bo tloaelehileng. Kahoo, taba feela ea hore na PU e tloaelehileng e ka baka maikutlo a hore basali ba bang ba fapana le basali ba bangata, ho ka felletseng ka ho hlalosoa ha PU ea kamehla e le boitšoaro bo hlokang mathata bo hlokang kalafo. Haeba tlhaloso ena e nepahetse, moelelo oa ho ba le mathata a amanang le PU har'a basali o ka holisoa ke litumelo tsa boits'oaro kapa tsa bolumeli mabapi le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho ipholla litho. Boithuto ba morao-rao mabapi le baahi ka kakaretso bo bonts'itse hore bolumeli bo ka amana le tšekamelo e phahameng ea "bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" (Grubbs et al., 2016) kapa ho tlalehiloe litlamorao tse mpe tsa ho etsa thobalano khafetsa (Štulhofer et al., 2016). Re ile ra etsa liteko haeba tumelo ea bolumeli e ka amana le ho batla kalafo 2) (ad. e) ka ho kenyelletsa palo ea lits'ebetso tsa bolumeli joalo ka moetapele oa kalafo ea batlang kalafo, ha a ntse a etsa lipatlisiso mabapi le kamano ea eona le palo ea PU. Ho joalo, palo ea litumelo tsa bolumeli ke ponelopele e matla ea boits'oaro ba ho batla kalafo ho basali ba nang le bothata ba PU (ha e ne e se ea bohlokoa tlhahlobisong e lumellanang bakeng sa banna; Gola et al., 2016). Ho feta moo, tlhahlobo ea rona e bonts'itse hore kamora ho kenya mekhoa ea bolumeli mohlaleng, kamano e lipakeng tsa PU feela le kalafo e batlang e lahlehile bohlokoa ba eona (Setšoantšo. 2). Phumano e joalo e tsamaellana le lithuto tse ngata tse bonts'ang hore botona le botšehali ba basali hangata bo amana haholo le litso le maemo a bophelo ho fapana le ba batona (Adams & Turner, 1985; Barry & Schlegel, 1984; Baumeister, 2000; Christensen & Carpenter, 1962; Earle & Perricone, 1986; Ford & Norris, 1993). Mona, re kanna ra re likarolo tsena tsa setso li kenya letsoho ho tolokisong ea PU khafetsa e le mathata ebile e lebisa ho ho batla kalafo.

Mohlaleng oa rona, palo ea litumelo tsa bolumeli e ne e boetse e amana hantle le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (hakanya = 0.55). Leha ho le joalo, mokhatlo ona o ile oa fetoha oa bohlokoa ho ba batlang kalafo feela, mme o sa bohlokoa sehlopheng se batlang kalafo. Sena se bontša hore kamano e joalo e bonahala e le tšobotsi ea sehlopha sa bongaka 'me ha se hlile e le teng ho sechaba ka kakaretso. Ntle le moo, ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore palo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse sebelisitsoeng le mekhoa ea bolumeli (e bonts'a bohlokoa ba litekanyetso tsa bolumeli) e ne e phahame har'a ba batlang kalafo. Tlhaloso e 'ngoe e ka bang teng bakeng sa liphetho tsena ke hore ho batho ba bang ba batlang kalafo, ho kenya letsoho litloaelong tse tšehetsang boitšoaro ba bolumeli (litumelo tsa bolumeli) e ka ba sesebelisoa sa ho laola maikutlo a mabe a bakoang ke ho ba le seabo nakong e fetileng mabapi le boitšoaro bo hananang le litekanyetso tsena (tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa). Mokhoa o mong o ka hlahisoang ke oa hore tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea boitšoaro bo bobe le ho kopanela liketsong tsa bolumeli li ka bonoa e le sesosa sa matla a tšusumetso ea ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa har'a ba batlang kalafo. Kahoo, tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e ka ba sesupo sa ho inehela litakatsong tsa motho, mme litloaelo tsa bolumeli li ka talingoa e le mokhoa oa ho sebetsana le tsona. Haeba boemo bona e le 'nete, boholo ba PU le litumelo tsa bolumeli li ka lumellana hantle, leha kamano ena e ka khethoa ke sesosa sa mabaka joalo ka ho lakatsa PU.

Tlhaloso e 'ngoe e ka khonehang bakeng sa khokahano e phahameng lipakeng tsa PU le mekhoa ea bolumeli har'a batho ba batlang kalafo e ka etsoa ho latela lits'ebetso tsa ts'ebeliso ea maikutlo a ts'ebetso ea taolo ea kelello (Wegner, 1994). Litloaelo tse phahameng le tse thata tsa bolumeli li ka lebisa maemong a phahameng a thibelo ea boits'oaro (kapa menahano e amanang le boitšoaro) e nkoang e sa fetohe le litloaelo tsena (mohlala, ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa). Leha ho le joalo, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe lithutong tse ngata tsa kutloisiso (bona Abramowitz, Tolin, & Street, 2001 bakeng sa boithuto) maemong a mang, inhibition e ka ba le phello e makatsang, e lebisang khafetsa boits'oarong bo bobe bo khahlano le tloaelo. Sena se ka etsa hore tloaelo eo e be bobebe ho feta le ho phahamisa boemo ba boitšoaro bo tšehetsang tloaelo ena - litumelong tsa bolumeli. Kahoo, mofuta o fe kapa o fe oa boitšoaro o khothalletsang litloaelo tse thata tsa bolumeli, le boits'oaro bo khahlano le moetlo ona li ka tšehetsana, leha morero oa motho o ne o etselitsoe litholoana tse fapaneng ka ho felletseng. Leha lithuto tsa pejana tse mabapi le litlamorao tsa pherekano ea khatello li ne li bua haholo ka khatello ea maikutlo (Abramowitz et al., 2001), re na le bopaki ba hore khatello ea maikutlo e ka lebisa liphellong tse ts'oanang, tsa maiketsetso (Webb, Miles, le Sheeran, 2012). Ntle le moo, bafuputsi ba bang ba fana ka maikutlo a karolo ea litlamorao tsa pherekano ho nts'etsopele ea mafu a kelello joalo ka ho senyeha hoa kelello (OCD); Purdon, 2004), mme lingaka tse ngata li supa ho tšoana lipakeng tsa CSB le OCD (bona Gola, 2016; Kor, Fogel, Reid, & Potenza, 2013 bakeng sa tlhahlobo). Litsela tsohle tse hlalositsoeng ka holimo li na le mohopolo ebile li ka se netefatsoe motheong oa data feela. Leha ho le joalo, re lumela hore ba lokela ho etsa lipatlisiso lithutong tse tlang tse tla rereloa ho hlakisa mofuta oa kamano pakeng tsa tumelo le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa har'a batho ba batlang kalafo bakeng sa PU e nang le mathata.

Ho kenyelletsa moo, tlhahlobo ea rona e atoloha holima lintho tse fumanoeng lithutong tse fetileng mabapi le kamano pakeng tsa bolumeli le ho teba ha matšoao a mabe a (Grubbs et al., 2016; Štulhofer et al., 2016). Ha re nahana feela ka kamano ea bohlokoa pakeng tsa lintho tse peli tse fapaneng, liphetho tsa rona li tiisa liqeto ho tsoa lithutong tse fetileng mme li bonts'a hore kamano eo ho buuoang ka eona e ntle ebile e bohlokoa (r = .25 bakeng sa litloaelo tsa bolumeli le r = .09 bakeng sa tumelo e ikemetseng; Tafole 2). Leha ho le joalo, ha palo ea PU e kenyelletsoa e le moetapele ea eketsehileng oa matšoao a fosahetseng, tumelo ha e sa amana le phapang ea morao-rao, ha e ntse e le moetapele ea matla oa kalafo ea batlang kalafo (Setšoantšo. 2).

Liphetho mabapi le tumellano ea tumellano ea tumelo le matšoao a fosahetseng le kalafo e batlang PU e nang le mathata li khahla haholo molemong oa kamano pakeng tsa tumelo le mefuta e meng ea psychopathology. Phuputsong e fetileng, boemo bo phahameng ba tumelo bo bontšitsoe hore bo amana hantle le bophelo bo botle ba kelello (Dilmaghani, 2017; Ismail & Desmukh, 2012; Joshi, Kumari, & Jain, 2008), khotsofalo ea bophelo (Pfeifer & Waelty, 1995), hape e amanang le psychopathology ho bakuli ba tsa bongaka (Gupta, Avasthi, & Kumar, 2011; Sharma et al., 2017). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lipatlisiso tse ling (McConnell, Pergament, Ellison, & Flannelly, 2006) e fana ka maikutlo a hore maemo a phahameng a ntoa ea moea a ka hokahanngoa le likarolo tse ling tsa psychopathology (ho tšoenyeha, ho tšoenyeha ka maikutlo, ho sithabela maikutlo, maikutlo a paranoid, ho shebella-ho qobella, le ho qholotsa). Ntle le moo, re paka hore bonyane litumelo tse ling tsa bolumeli li ka amahanngoa le matšoao a holimo a matšoao a OCD (Abramowitz, Deacon, Woods, & Tolin, 2004; Gonsalvez, Hain, & Stoyles, 2010). Sena se bontša hore tšusumetso ea litumelo tsa tumelo ho psychopathology e ka fetoloa ka mofuta oa psychopathology le litšobotsi tsa tumelo ea bolumeli. Ntle le moo, joalo ka ha re bontsitse mohlaleng oa rona oa ho qetela, maemong a ikhethang a PU har'a basali, tumelo e bonahala e amana le kalafo e batlang eseng matšoao a psychopathological. Mona, liphetho tsa rona li tsamaellana le lithuto tse fetileng tse bonts'ang matla a tumelo le boholo ba litloaelo tsa bolumeli li amana hantle le ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeletso ea bophelo bo botle ba kelello (Pickard, 2006).

Ho khahlisang, ho basali, lilemo li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho PU; hona ho kenyelletsa lilemo tsa taba (lipapatso c) le lilemo tsa ho qala ha PU (ad. d), ha ho le e 'ngoe ea lintho tsena tse fapaneng e neng e le bohlokoa thutong ea rona e fetileng mabapi le banna (Gola et al., 2016). Basali ba bacha ba boletse ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa ho feta batho ba baholo, mme ba qalileng ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba sa le banyenyane ba ne ba tloaetse ho tlaleha ho teba ha matšoao a mabe a amanang le PU. Tlhaloso ea seo ba se fumaneng e hlile e lokeloa ke lipatlisiso tse ling. Patlisiso e joalo e ka lebisa lipotso tse peli tse khahlisang: (Q1) Na ho tuma ha PU ho eketseha hara meloko e monyane ea basali? (Q2) Na boko ba basali bo kotsing e kholo ea ho fumana maemo a mofuta o itseng oa takatso ea thobalano ho feta boko ba monna?

(Q1) Ho ea ka tsebo ea rona, ha ho na data ea nako e telele e re lumellang ho araba potso ena. Ho khahlisang, tlhahlobo ea morao-rao ea data e tsoang UKPatlisiso ea Opinium, 2014) bonts'a hore ha a le lilemo li 18, ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho ne ho atile ebile ho tloaelehile ho 98% ea bashanyana le banana. Phello e joalo e kanna ea fana ka maikutlo a hore PU har'a banana e eketsehile lilemong tse fetileng (mohlomong ka lebaka la ho fumaneha ha marang-rang) mme ea lekana hara bashemane, joalo ka ha lithuto tsa khale li bontšitse liphapang tse amanang le thobalano ho PU. Ka mohlala, Sabina et al. (2008) e tlaleha hore hara baithuti ba koleche ea Amerika, 93.2% ea banna le 62.1% ea basali ba shebelletse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Inthaneteng ke lilemo tsa 18, athe Træen, Spitznogle le Beverfjord (2004) e tlaleha hore hara sampuli ea baemeli ba Norwegians, nakong ea bophelo bohle ba bona, 87.9% ea banna le 62.9% ea basali ba bone makasine ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​77.2% bapisoa le 55% ba shebelletse filimi ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​mme ke 36.6% feela e bapisoang le 8.9% e shebileng litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho Inthanete. Lintlha tse ling li fana ka maikutlo a hore boemo ba tšebetso ea boitšoaro bo matla ho basali le bona bo ka be bo fetohile lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng. Briken, Habermann, Berner, le Hill (2007) o tlaleha hore boits'oaro bo hlahelletseng ka ho fetesisa ho basali ba batlang kalafo e ne e le likamano tsa botona le botšehali tse kotsi (har'a banna, e ne e le PU le ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali), athe sehlopha Klein et al. (2014) e tlaleha PU e le boitšoaro bo atileng haholo har'a basali ba fumanang maemo a phahameng ho Hypersexual Behaeve Inventory (Reid, Garos, & Carpenter, 2011). Ka maikutlo a rona, khopolo-taba mabapi le keketseho e ntseng e eketseha ea basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e lokela ho ithutoa ka hloko. Hape e tla ba ho khahlisang ho hlahloba hore na mekhoa ea ho etsa liketso tsa thobalano e fetoha joang ho basali ba batlang kalafo.

(Q2) Lithutong tse ngata mabapi le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi (Grant & Dawson, 1998), ho qala ha ts'ebeliso ke ntlha ea bohlokoa e amanang le botebo ba matšoao. Lithutong tsa rona ho ba batona (Gola et al., 2016), re ne re lebelletse ho bona kamano e joalo le ho qala ha PU. Ho makatsang ke hore ha rea ​​ka ra etsa joalo. Empa hara basali, ho qala ha PU ho amana haholo le botebo ba matšoao a amanang le a mabe le palo ea PU. Ho ka etsahala hore likamano tsa botona le botšehali tsa basali li hlaselehe habonolo ho ithuteng (Baumeister, 2000). Haeba ho joalo, potso ea ho eketseha ha PU ho basali ba bacha (Q1) e kanna ea bohlokoa le ho feta ho ithuta.

Ntle le litlamorao tse boletsoeng kaholimo, re boetse re hlokometse ho se lekane ho hoholo palong ea banna le basali ba batlang kalafo ea PU e nang le mathata. Tsamaiso ea rona ea ho hira e ne e ts'oana hantle le ea banna le basali. Tabeng ea banna, ho re nkile likhoeli tse 12 ho hira batho ba 132 ba batlang kalafo, athe har'a basali, re hloka likhoeli tse 18 ho fumana lithuto tse 39. Sena se bontša hore banna ba batla kalafo ka lebaka la mathata a PU 5.07 makhetlo a mangata ho feta a basali. Sephetho sena se fana ka netefatso e matla ea sekhahla sa 5: 1 se neng se hakantsoe pele ke Kuzma le Black (2008), mme e tsamaellana le lithuto tse fetileng tse bonts'ang tekanyo ea 4: 1 ratio (Briken et al., 2007).

Litlamorao tsa tleleniki

Ka maikutlo a rona, liphetho tse hlahisitsoeng li bonts'a hore ho bohlokoa ho tšohla karolo ea litumelo tsa botho mabapi le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le litumelo tsa basali maemong a basali ba batlang kalafo bakeng sa PU e nang le mathata, kaha litloaelo tsena li bonahala e le tsona ntlha ea bohlokoa ea ho etsa qeto ea kalafo. Litumelo tsa hau, tse amanang le bolumeli le tsona li ka bapala karolo ea tšehetso nakong ea kalafo. Karolo ena e lokeloa ke puisano e tebileng. Taba ea bobeli, ntlha e lokelang ho tšohloa nakong ea lipuisano tsa tliliniki ke ho qala ha PU. Liphetho tsa rona li bonts'a hore ho qala ha PU kapele ho amana le matšoao a mabe ho basali (ho ne ho se joalo hara banna; Gola, Skorko, et al., 2017). Ho qala ha PU ho loketse ho ithuta e le moetapele oa sephetho sa kalafo hara basali.

Kamora nako, ha Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo o ntse o nahana ka ho kenyelletsoa ha pherekano ea CSB mokhatlong o tlang oa ICD-11 (Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo, 2017), re ka rata ho khothaletsa puisano ea nako e tlang mabapi le tataiso ea kalafo ea basali le banna ba nahanang ka phapang e amanang le bong ho setšoantšong sa bongaka sa CSB (Briken et al., 2007; Reid, Dhuffar, Parhami, & Fong, 2012) le lintlha tse lebisang ho batleng kalafo.

sheba mefokolo ea

Leha e fana ka leseli le lecha la mabaka a lebisang ho batleng kalafo ho basali ba nang le PU e nang le mathata, thuto ena e na le meeli e 'maloa ea bohlokoa e lokelang ho boleloa. Taba ea mantlha, re na le palo e fokolang ea ba nkang karolo sehlopheng se batlang kalafo. Empa, ho bokella palo e kholo ea basali ba batlang kalafo ho boima haholo, joalo ka ha re se re boletse pejana. Re lumela hore bothata bona hape ke lona lebaka le entseng hore thuto ena e be e 'ngoe ea lithuto tse' maloa tse entsoeng ho basali ba batlang kalafo mme ke ea pele e entseng lipatlisiso e lebisang ho batleng kalafo, joalo ka ha lithuto tse fetileng li ne li shebane le tlhahlobo ea kalafo (Briken et al., 2007) le botho bo fapaneng lipakeng tsa banna le basali ba batlang kalafo (Reid et al., 2012), le karolo ea lihlong (Dhuffar le Griffiths, 2014) le mathata a ho fumana kalafo (Dhuffar le Griffiths, 2016). Ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea nalane ena, tlhahlobo ea rona e ne e phatloha mme ha re sa sebelisa khalemelo e atisang ho pheta-pheta, e ka phahamisang monyetla oa mofuta oa phoso ea 1. Litaba tsena li bonts'a tlhokeho ea ho pheta phetiso ea sampole e kholo ea basali ba batlang kalafo. Ho feta moo, ho sebelisa tlhahlobo e ts'oanang ho baahi ba litso tse fapaneng ho ka thusa ho netefatsa semelo sa sephetho sa rona, joalo ka ha mohlala oa rona o ne o hapuoe ka botlalo ho la Poland - naha e nkoang e le e bolokehileng le ea bolumeli. Joalokaha re hlalositse pejana, likarolo tsa setso (har'a bona tsa tumelo) li ka ba le tšusumetso e matla ho basali ho itlhalosa boitšoaro bo amanang le khatello e le ntho e thata kapa e tloaelehileng. Leha ho le joalo, kamano e ts'oanang lipakeng tsa tumelo le tumelo e ikhethileng ea boitšoaro ba thobalano le eona e bonts'itsoe Amerika (Grubbs et al., 2016) le Secroatia (Štulhofer et al., 2016) baahi.

Rea tšepa hore lintho tseo re li fumaneng li tla ba molemo ho re thusa ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang, le bakeng sa lingaka tse sebetsanang le basali tse batlang kalafo bakeng sa PU e nang le mathata.

Menehelo ea bangoli

MG e fumane chelete ea thuto. MG, KL, le MS li hlophiloe, tsa etsa lipatlisiso, 'me tsa ngola protocol ea pele. JS le MG ba ile ba etsa lipatlisiso tsa lingoliloeng mme ba fana ka kakaretso ea lithuto tsa lipatlisiso tse fetileng. KL e entse tlhahlobo ea lipalo. MG, KL, le JS ba ngotse ngoloa ea pele ea sengoloang. Bangoli bohle ba kentse letsoho ho fana ka tumello ea mofuta oa ho qetela oa buka e ngotsoeng ka letsoho. Bangoli bohle ba ne ba na le phihlello e felletseng ea datha tsohle thutong mme ba nka boikarabello bakeng sa botshepehi ba datha le ho nepahala ha tlhahlobo ea data.

Khohlano ea thahasello
 

Bangoli ba tlaleha hore ha ho na likhohlano tsa phaello.

Liteboho

Bangoli ba rata ho leboha lingaka tsohle tsa kelello, litsebi tsa thobalano le lingaka tsa kelello tse lebisitseng bakuli ba bona lipatlisisong tsa rona tsa inthanete, haholoholo, Ngaka Michał Lew-Starowicz, Dr. Paweł Holas, Dorota Baran, Daniel Cysarz, Joanna Santura, le sehlopha sa Ogrody Zmian (www.ogrodyzmian.pl). Ba boetse ba leboha sehlopha sa www.onanizm.pl molemong oa ho khothaletsa lithuto tsa rona.

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