Ventral Striatal Reactivity In Compulsive Sexual Behaviors (2018)

Ka pele. Psychiatry, 14 November 2018 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00546

Mateusz Gola1,2 * 'me Małgorzata Draps1

1Setsi sa Psychology, Setsi sa Mahlale sa Poland, Warsaw, Poland

2Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Setsi sa Neural Computations, Univesithi ea California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States

Batho ba Kopanang le Thobalano ka Thobalano (CSB) ke lebaka la ho batla kalafo. Ka lebaka la nnete ena, palo ea lithuto ho CSB e eketsehile haholo lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng mme Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo (WHO) o kenyelelitse CSB tlhahiso ea eona bakeng sa ICD-11 e tlang. Liperesente tse mashome a tšeletseng tsa lithuto tsa neuroimaging ho CSB tse phatlalalitsoeng ho tloha 2014 li ne li ikemiselitse ho lekola ho tšoana le ho se tšoane lipakeng tsa methapo ea boko e ka tlas'a CSB, bothateng ba papali ea chelete, le mathata a tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi. E 'ngoe ea liphatlalatso tsa bohlokoa tsa boko tse amehang bokhobeng ke mokhoa oa moputso o kenyelletsang ho "ventral striatum" (ho kenyeletsoa le nucleus accumbens). Ho na le likhopolo tse peli tse ikhethileng tse hlalosang tšebetso ea boemo ba moea ba bokhoba ba litabatabelo: Incentive Salience Theory (IST) le moputso oa khaello ea moputso (RDS). IST e hlalosa ho eketseha hoa ts'ebetso ea moea nakong ea tebello ea moputso o amanang le bokhoba, ha RDS e hlalosa ho fokotseha hoa ts'ebetso ea bohloka ka bobeli nakong ea tebello ea moputso le nakong ea ts'ebetso ea moputso. Mona, re ikemiselitse ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa hore na liphumano tsa ho kenella hape kahare ho CSB li ts'ehetsa eng kapa eng ea litekanyetso tsee tse peli tsa bokhoba. Bakeng sa morero ona, re entse tlhahlobo e hlophisehileng ea lithuto tsa neuroimaging ho CSB tse fumanehang ho Pubmed, EBSCO, le Google Scholar pakeng tsa 2005 le 2018. Re fumane lipampiri tse robong tse hlokahalang tsa lipatlisiso. Ke lithuto tse 'ne feela ho tsena tse ileng tsa etsa lipatlisiso ka kotlollo ea litheko tse mpe le / kapa meputso le litlaleho tse tlalehiloeng tse amanang le ts'ebetso ea "ventral striatum activation". Tse tharo tsa lithuto tsena li bonts'a ho eketseha hoa moea oa bohloka bakeng sa tšusumetso e mpe, e tsamaellanang le IST mme e sa ts'ehe liphatlalatso tse thehiloeng ho RDS. Ka hona, boemo ba hajoale ba datha ena bo fana ka maikutlo a hore CSB e amana le ho eketseha hoa boemo ba moea nakong ea ho lebella ha tšusumetso e mpe.

Selelekela

Batho ba Kopanang le Thobalano ka Thobalano (CSB) ke lebaka la ho batla kalafo bakeng sa ba batona (1-3le tse tšehali (4). Matšoao a tlalehiloeng ka ho fetisisa a nako ea ho tšoenyeha ka CSB a sebelisitsoeng ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro (haholo inthaneteng) le ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali5-7). Mefuta e meng e tlalehiloeng ea boits'oaro e kenyelletsa likamano tse kotsi tsa likamano tsa botona le botšehali, thobalano e sa tsejoeng, le ts'ebeliso ea litšebeletso tsa thobalano tse lefuoang.8).

Palo ea lithuto ho CSB e eketsehile haholo lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng (9, 10) le Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo (WHO) li kenyeletse CSB e le bothata ba taolo ea tšusumetso (11) ka tlhahiso ea eona ea ICD-11 e tlang12). Ho latela mekhoa e reriloeng (e tšoanang hantle le e ileng ea ananeloa pele ke Kafka (6), re kanna ra elelloa mathata a CSB haeba matšoao a latelang a bonoa ka nako e fetang bonyane likhoeli tsa 6:

1. Nako e fetelletseng eo u e qetang litorong tsa thobalano, litakatso, kapa boits'oaro khafetsa e kena-kenana le lipheo tse ling tsa bohlokoa (tse sa amaneng le thobalano), mesebetsi, le boitlamo, ke hore, ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e se e le ntho e ka sehloohong bophelong ba motho, e le hore mesebetsi ea lelapa kapa boikarabello ba mosebetsi hlokomolohuoa;

2. Taba e kenella khafetsa liketsahalong tsena tsa thobalano ka karabelo ea maikutlo a maikutlo a dysphoric, ke ho re, ketso ea thobalano e fetohile leano le thata la taolo ea maikutlo;

3. Mme / kapa karabelo maemong a sithabetsang; mohlala, nakong ea liketsahalo tse sithabetsang mosebetsing;

4. Leha a bile a leka khafetsa, taba e hloleha ho laola kapa ho fokotsa liketso tsena tsa thobalano, ke hore, taba e etsa hore liteko tse ngata tse sa atleheng tsa ho fokotsa lits'ebetso tse bakang mathata, empa khafetsa li lahleheloa ke taolo kamora matsatsi a mmaloa;

5. Sehlooho se tsoela pele ho etsa liketso tsena tsa thobalano leha e le kotsi ea ho lemala 'meleng kapa maikutlong ho eena kapa ho batho ba bang, ho re, ho etsa thobalano khafetsa le ha ho na le litlamorao tse mpe bakeng sa likamano (mohlala, karohano) kapa tšokelo ea tahlehelo ea mosebetsi.

Khafetsa le boholo ba liketso tsena tsa thobalano li lebisa mathateng a mantlha a bophelo kapa ho se sebetse hantle mesebetsing ea bohlokoa ea bophelo mme ha li hlahisoe ke tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa kantle (mohlala, tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi kapa moriana), lefu la ho ferekana, kapa paraphilia.

Mekhoa ea Ts'ebetso ea Ventral Striatal Ho ea ka Theoretical Framework of Addictionions

E 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa bohlokoahali tsa boko tse kenyelletsang bokhobeng ke mokhoa oa moputso o hokahanyang likarolo tsa bokaholimo joalo ka sebaka sa moea (e leng e' ngoe ea likarolo tse hlahisang kelello ka bokong) ka li-ventral striatum, mesocortical pathways, le cortex ea cerebral. le katiba ea sefahleho (13-16). Anatomically, "ventral striatum" e kahare ho batho le li-primates tseo eseng tsa batho li kenyelletsa li-nucleus tse bokellaneng, sebaka se lipakeng tsa "caudate" le "ventral putamen" le "rostral" capsule ea kahare, mokokotlo oa mesebetsi ea matsoho le karolo ea rostrolateral ea sebaka se ka thoko se entsoeng ka thoko se haufi. (17, 18). Leha ho le joalo, lithuto tsa khokahanyo ea batho li bonts'a hore li-ventral striatum li kenyelletsa li-bokellase tsa nucleus le sebaka se seholo sa medial caudate nucleus le rostroventral putamen (19).

The ventral striatum e fumana phepelo ea cortical e tsoang ho orbital frontal cortex le anterior cingrate cortex ho ekelletsa ho tlatsetso ea dopaminergic e tsoang bohareng ba mpa. Setereke se le seng se hlahisa li-pallidum tsa potral le sebakeng sa karo-karolelano ea tikoloho, e tla hlahisa phumulo ea khutlisetso ea mantlha pele ho methapo ea methapo ea methapo. Potoloho ena ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea tsamaiso ea cortico-basal ganglia (19). Likarolo tse fapaneng tsa marang-rang ana li bapala likarolo tse fapaneng molemong oa ts'ebetso ea moputso joaloka ho susumetsa le ho natefeloa ke hedonic (20, 21). The ventral striatum (haholo-holo li-nucleus accumbens) mohlomong ke sebaka sa bongoana se ithutoang haholo maemong a ts'ebetso ea moputso (22, 23), ho bonts'a ts'ebetso nakong ea ho lebella le ho amohela mefuta e fapaneng ea meputso (24, 25).

Ho likhopolo-taba tse ngata tse khahlisang, mona re rata ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho tse peli tse lumellang boiketsetso bo hlakileng mabapi le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso le khokahano ea eona mabapi le boitšoaro bo tlatsetsang: Khopolo ea khothalletso ea Salience [IST, (26-28)] le moputso oa khaello ea moputso [RDS; (29, 30)].

Moralo oa The Incentive Salience Theory, o hlahisitsoeng ke Robinson le Berridge (28), phapang lipakeng tsa likarolo tsa motheo tsa boits'oaro bo susumetsoang - "ho rata" le "ho batla." "Ho rata" ho hokahane ka kotloloho le phihlelo boleng ba moputso, hangata bo tsamaisoa ke mohopolo o sa tsotelleng joaloka tšebeliso ea heroine; ka lehlakoreng le leng, "ho batla" ho amana le e lebeletsoe boleng ba moputso, bo atisang ho tsamaisoa ke maemo a susumetsang (mohlala, boteng ba batho bao motho a neng a tloaetse ho sebelisa lithethefatsi). Boithuto mabapi le lithethefatsi le ho lemalla papali ea chelete ea papali ea chelete li bonts'a thuto e nang le maemo (ka hona e bitsoang cues) e amanang le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi e etsa hore likarabo li eketsehe kahar'a moea le mokhoa o eketsehang oa boitšoaro (o bonts'itsoeng le linako tse khutšoane tsa karabelo) har'a batho ba lemaletseng, athe likarabelo tsa moputso ka boeona li lula li sa fetohe kapa li tsoela pele ho ts'oaroa ke nako ha nako e ntse e feta (26, 31). Kahoo, ho ea ka IST, haeba mathata a CSB a arolelana mekhoa ea methapo, re lokela ho bona karabelo e eketsehang ea mali-O oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) seterekong sa ventral ka ho khetheha bakeng sa meputso e bonts'a meputso e litšila / thobalano, e lateloe ke ts'usumetso e phahameng ea ho fumana. bona (e lekantsoe e le e khuts'oane ea RTs) bathong ba nang le CSB ha ba bapisoa le mefuta e meng ea boletsoeng esale pele bakeng sa mefuta e meng ea monyaka o khothatsang.

Khopolo ea Reward Deficiency Syndrome (29, 30) e fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba nang le boits'oaro bo lemalloang ba na le khaello e akaretsang ea ho bokella litsela tsa meputso ea boko, ho hlahisang khatello e sa foleng ea lipotoloho tsena mme ho nahanoa hore e fokolitse boiphihlelo bo khahlisang meputsong. Boitšoaro bo lemalloang, joalo ka ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi kapa papali ea chelete, ka hona bo qalile ho lefella khaello ena ea moputso le ho matlafatsa moputso oa potoloho ea boko32). Ho latela RDS, haeba sehlopha sa batho ba nang le CSB se ts'oana le lithuto tse lemalloang ke lithethefatsi le papali ea chelete, ho feta kamoo re lokelang ho bona ts'ebetso e fokotsoang ea ts'ebetso ea sehlopha sa CSB ho arabela cue le nakong ea ts'ebetso ea moputso ha e bapisoa le taolo e phetseng hantle.

Pele re tšohla sephetho sa lithuto tse hatisitsoeng, ho ka ba molemo ho bolela hore ho ea ka kutloisiso ea rona, IST le RDS ha li hanyetsane, empa ho e-na le hoo, mekhoa ea eona e tlatsana. E kanna ea utloahala e le ntho e sa rarollehe kaha IST e bolela esale pele hore ts'ebetso e matla ea ts'ebetso ea litho tsa cans e amanang le moputso oa thobalano / thobalano, ha RDS e bolela esale pele e fokotsehile ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso bakeng sa likotsi tse joalo ho batho ba CSB ha ba bapisoa le taolo e phetseng hantle. Empa molemong oa kutloisiso e betere, re hloka ho ela hloko tšimoloho ea meralo ena ka bobeli. RDS e hlalosa tšekamelo ea tlhaho, e ikemiselitseng ho latela liphatsa tsa lefutso ea li-circuits tsa moputso. Moralo oa RDS o amahanya tšobotsi ena ea kahare le liphetoho tse ikhethang tsa lefutso, ntle le bakeng sa litlamorao, moo tšekamelo ena e amanang le liphetoho tse sa tobang (20, 30, 33). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, IST e nka hore litšusumetso tsa mefuta e meng ea lisekhe li ka fumaneha ka maemo a tloaelehileng le mekhoa ea ho ithuta; leha ho le joalo, ho batho ba nang le mofuta o itseng oa phenotype [mohlala, li-trackers: liphoofolo tse tloaeloang ho ithuta ka potlako tsa li-cuishene tse reriloeng esale pele bakeng sa meputso (34, 35)], mokhoa ona oa ho ithuta o ka potlaka haholo.

Ka hona, re ka nahana hore batho ba bang ba nang le phenotype e hlalositsoeng ke RDS ba entse tlhabollo ea mofuta o fe kapa o fe bakeng sa meputso ea mofuta o fe kapa o fe, mme ba hlahisa ka ts'ebetso e tlase ea ventral striatum ha e bapisoa le batho ka kakaretso. Leha ho le joalo, ka nako e ts'oanang, bona batho bana ba ithutile hore mefuta e meng ea lintho tse ba susumetsang kapa lintho li ba fa thabo e kholo-ka hona, lintlha tsohle tse amanang le tšusumetso e kholo ena e susumetsang thabo li ba le tšusumetso e matla, maemong a mang (joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe ho IST) . Bakeng sa lintlha tsena tse ikhethang, ventral striatum ea sehlopha sena e ka ts'oaroa haholo ho feta ha e bapisoa le sechaba ka kakaretso mme ha e bapisoa le mefuta e fapaneng ea likeletso. Ka polelo ena, re ikemiselitse ho lekola tlhaiso-leseling e fumanehang mabapi le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ventral striatal ho CSB.

Haeba CSB e amana haholo le IST feela, joale re lokela ho fumana lithuto tse eketsehileng tse bonts'ang ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ea maikutlo nakong ea tebello ea tšusumetso e mpe hara batho ba nang le CSB ha e bapisoa le taolo e phetseng hantle. Haeba CSB e amana haholo le RDS, joale re lokela ho bona lithuto tse ling tse bonts'ang ho fokotseha ha moea oa moputso bakeng sa mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa meputso har'a lithuto tsa CSB ha o bapisoa le taolo e ntle, mme mohlomong o fokotse ho busetsoa ha "ventral striatum" nakong ea tebello ea moputso, hape.

mekhoa

Molemong oa tlhahlobo ena, re batlile mathathamo a Google Scholar, Pubmed, le EBSCO bakeng sa lipampiri tsa mahlale tse phatlalalitsoeng ho li-magazinete tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka (ho sa kenyelletsoe litlatsetso tsa kopano) pakeng tsa Pherekhong 1, 2005 le Pherekhong 22, 2018. Re kenyelitse feela lingoliloeng tse sebelisang ts'ebetso ea matla a ts'ebetso ea matla a khoheli (fMRI), joalo ka ha re thahasella karabelo e BONANG ea ts'ebetso ea ventral mme ra kenyelletsa mantsoe a bohlokoa a kang boits'oaro bo qobelloang ba thobalano, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​ts'ebeliso ea mathata a thobalano, marang-rang a litšoantšiso tsa bootsoa. Patlo e entsoe ka Pherekhong 22 le Pherekhong 25, 2018. Re kenyeletsa feela lingoliloeng tse hatisitsoeng ka Senyesemane. Re fumane lingoliloeng tse robong tse ileng tsa kopana le mekhoa ea rona ea ho batla (Tafole 1), tse tšeletseng tseo ka ho khetheha li ileng tsa hlahloba ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea "cyrial activation" nakong ea sehlopha sa erotic kapa ts'ebetso ea moputso o fosahetseng (36-42). Ho kenyelletsa le / kapa ho kenyelletsa lingoliloeng tsohle tse thathamisitsoeng ho ile ha tšohloa ke baahloli ba babeli. Ha palo eohle ea lingoliloeng e ne e le tse robong (le tse supileng tse tlalehang litlamorao life kapa life tse amanang le "ventral striatum"), ha rea ​​khetha lithuto tse ipapisitseng le mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea CSB; ka hona, re hlalosa mekhoa e ikhethang e sebelisitsoeng ho khetholla lithuto ho Tafole 1.

TABLE 1

www.frontiersin.orgLethathamo 1. Lingoliloeng tsa lipatlisiso ho CSB kapa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li sebelisa tšebeliso ea monahano o sebetsang.

Tlhahlobo ea data e teng mabapi le lits'ebetso tsa Ventral Striatal in CSB

Taba ea mantlha, re tla tšohla lithuto tse tobileng ka kotloloho le cue le ho lokisa moputso. Har'a lithuto tse supileng tse tlalehang ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea moea oa boikoetliso bakeng sa meputso e makatsang kapa meputso, tse peli li ile tsa etsoa ho sechaba se sengata sa kliniki [baetsi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa; (38, 39) e sa phethiseng mekhoa ea CSB] mme tse hlano tse setseng li ile tsa etsoa ho batho ba tlil'o phethahatsa mekhoa ea CSB [e ka ba lithuto tse neng li fana ka mefuta e fapaneng ea CSB (37, 40-42) kapa batho ba batlang kalafo ka ho khetheha bakeng sa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso.36)]. Ho ile ha etsoa lithuto tse peli ho batho ba le bang (37, 42). Lithuto tsohle li sebelisitse litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso, empa e le 'ngoe e sebelisitse livideo tse hlakileng (37). Kühn le Gallinat (38), Seok le Sohn (40), le Banca et al. (42), bangoli ba bapisa ho fetoha hoa moea oa boemo bo bohareng pakeng tsa litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso le tse sa jeleng paate, ho Voon et al. (37), lipakeng tsa livideo tse hlakileng le tse thabisang, ho Brand et al. (39), lipakeng tsa litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso tse sa rateheng le tse sa rateheng, le ho Gola et al. (36) lipakeng tsa litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso le meputso ea chelete, le lipakeng tsa litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso le menyetla ea chelete.

Puisano

Ho ela hloko 'mele o fokolang oa liphatlalatso tsa liteko (tse supileng) tse tlalehang ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea motlakase nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ts'usumetso e mpe le e seng phoso ho baahi ba kopaneng le litekanyetso tsa CSB kapa lipakeng tsa bongaka tse tlase, ba ka fihlela liqeto tse matla ka nako ena pele ho nako. Ka hona, re rata ho buisana ka sephetho se fumanehang, ebe re etsa tlhahiso ea litlhaloso molemong oa likhopolo tsa IST le RDS.

Har'a basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea ho sheba litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, ho ile ha bonoa kamano e sa lumellaneng pakeng tsa bokhutšoaane ba letsoho le nepahetseng (hangata)38). Phuputso e tšoanang e boetse e tlaleha kamano e mpe lipakeng tsa tekanyo ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le ho ts'oaroa hoa tšebetso ha setšehali ka nako ea thobalano. Ntle le moo, Voon et al. (37) e bontšitse hore banna ba kopaneng le mekhoa ea CSB (6) ha ho bapisoa le ba se nang CSB, e bonts'itse ts'ebetso e ntlafalitsoeng ea livideo tse buang ka thobalano. Ho khahlisang, bakuli ba CSB ba shebelletseng livideo tse monate (ke hore, lipapatso tsa lipapali tse feteletseng) ba bonts'itse ts'ebetso e tlase ho "ventral striatum" ha e bapisoa le taolo (37). Seok le Sohn (40) e bonts'itse ts'ebetso e phahameng ea "nucleud ea caudate" ea letsoho le letšehali ha e araba litšoantšo tse tsosang sehlopheng sa CSB ha e bapisoa le taolo le ts'ebetso e tlase bakeng sa litšoantšo tse sa jeleng paqisong ea caudate ea morao. Brand et al. (39), ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le Voon et al. (37), e bonts'itse likarabo tse nyane tsa BOLD ho "ventral striatum" mabapi le litšoantšo tse ratoang tsa thobalano ha li bapisoa le tse sa rateloeng, le hore ketsahalo ena e tsamaisana hantle le lintlha ho Inthanete ea Tlhatlhobo ea Tlatsetso ea Inthanete bakeng sa batho ba cybersein (39). Thuto ea bohlano (36) o sebelisitse paradigm e fapaneng le e mene eo ho builoeng ka eona pele. Sebakeng sa ho hlahisa mefuta e fapaneng feela ea lintho tse khothatsang (mohlala, litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso, tse thabisang kapa tse sa nke lehlakore), thuto ena e sebelisitse phetoho ea mosebetsi oa tšusumetso ea tšusumetso, mosebetsi o neng o kile oa sebelisoa lithutong tsa bothata ba ho becha (46). Mosebetsi ona o na le thepa e 'meli ea bohlokoa: (1) e khetholla methati e amanang le moputso e amanang le tebello le sephetho, ka ho latellana,' me (2) e fana ka monyetla oa ho bapisa sepheo sa "tlhagiso e amanang le bokhoba" (maemong ana, litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso) ) ka moputso o mong o matla (phaello ea chelete). Phuputsong ena, banna ba nang le CSB ebile ba se na eona ba ne ba sa tšoane karabelong ea bona ea maikutlo le litšoantšong tse fosahetseng, empa eseng karabong ea bona ea litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso. Lithuto tsa CSB ha li bapisoa le lithuto tsa taolo li bonts'itse ts'ebetso e eketsehang ea li-ventral striatum ka ho khetheha bakeng sa mekhoa e boletsoeng esale pele ea litšoantšo tse nyonyehang, empa eseng bakeng sa lintlha tse boletsoeng esale pele tsa phaello ea chelete. Boitšoaro bo amanang le litheko tse bonts'ang litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso khahlanong le melemo ea chelete bo ne bo amana haholo le tšusumetso e matla ea boits'oaro ea ho sheba litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso (tse tsosang takatso e phahameng ea "ho batla"), ho teba ha CSB, tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka beke le palo ea liphoso tsa beke le beke. Ntle le Kühn le Gallinat (38), lithuto tse ling tse hlahlojoang li fana ka maikutlo a eketsehang a ho susumetsa ha maikutlo ho susumetsa ka mokhoa o makatsang (37, 39) kapa ho lintlha tse boletsoeng esale pele tse tsosang takatso (36) hara batho ba nang le lintlha tse phahameng ho CSB.

Ho lithuto tse ling tse sa amaneng ka thata le cue kapa ho sebetsa moputso, Banca et al. e bonts'itse ts'ebetso e fokotsang ea ts'ebetso ea sepolesa pakeng tsa lithuto tsa CSB ha e bapisoa le taolo e le karabelo ea ho hloka moputso o tenang kapa oa chelete mosebetsing o etsang maemo.42). Klucken et al. (41) e bonts'itse ho kopanya ho kopaneng pakeng tsa li-ventral striatum le preortal cortex ho sehlopha sa taolo sa CSB vs. nakong ea takatso ea maemo [mosebetsing o tšoanang le Banca et al. (42)].

Nahanisisa

Haeba re tsepamisa mohopolo haholo tšebetsong ea "cyral striatum" lithutong tsohle tse boletsoeng ka holimo, ho tla hlaha schema e lumellanang ea litlaleho: litšoantšo tse ratoang haholo (39), livideo tse hlakileng (37, kapa lits'oants'o tse boletsoeng esale pele tsa litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso (36) tsosa ts'ebetso e matla ea tšebetso ho feta mefuta e meng ea khothatso har'a batho ba nang le CSB (kapa basebelisi ba litšila tse ts'oanang khafetsa) ha ba bapisoa le taolo. Lintlha tse fanoeng ke Kühn le Gallinat (38) mme ea bokelloa ho tsoa sampole eo e seng ea bongaka e boetse e fana ka maikutlo a fokotsehileng a volral striatum volumetry hara batho ba phetseng hantle ba sebelisang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro; leha ho le joalo, liphumano tsa morao-rao (47) se ke oa netefatsa phapang ena ka palo ea "volral striatum vol" lipakeng tsa batho ba kopaneng le mekhoa le taolo ea CSB. Haesale ho le joalo, ha ho na lipatlisiso mabapi le mekhoa ea kopano ea CSB ea batho, ho leka likarabo tsa BOLD bakeng sa tšusumetso e makatsang, le ho hlahloba liphetoho tsa volumetric ka nako e ts'oanang, ka hona monahano leha e le ofe ka likamano lipakeng tsa volrietry volumetry le reaction li ka ba pele ho nako ena.

Ho Ikamahanya le Letlole la Khaello ea Moputso

Ho hlahloba sephetho se phatlalalitsoeng ka leseli la RDS, re hloka ho sheba phapang ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso lipakeng tsa CSB (kapa batho ba maemong a tlase a kliniki) le lihlopha tsa taolo. RDS e bolela esale pele hore ho tla ba le menyetla e khotsofatsang le lintho tse boletsoeng esale pele tse tla susumetsa lipakeng tsa sehlopha. Ha ho le e 'ngoe ea lithuto tse' ne tse hlahlojoang ho tsoaloa hape bakeng sa tšusumetso e fosahetseng (36-39) e bonts'a hypoactivation e joalo molemong oa tšusumetso e mpe. Leha ho le joalo, ho Voon et al. (37), sehlopha sa CSB ha se bapisoa le taolo e hlahisa li-hypoactivation tse hlahang tsa "ventral striatum" tsa Seok le Sohn (40), ho na le hypoactivation e bonahalang ho batho ba CSB ha e bapisoa le taolo bakeng sa tšusumetso e sa nke lehlakore]. Liphetho tse hanyetsang li hlahisoa ho Gola et al. (36) moo ho se nang phapang karabelo ea BOLD bakeng sa moputso oa chelete pakeng tsa CSB le lithuto tsa taolo. Boraro (36, 38, 39) lithutong tse 'ne tse fumanehang li bua ka mokhoa o hlakileng khahlanong le likhakanyo tse entsoeng ho latela sebopeho sa RDS. Le ha ho le joalo, ho bohlokoa ho hopola liphapang tse teng lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsena lithutong tsena. Ha a le Voon et al. (37), lithuto tse ileng tsa kopana le mekhoa ea CSB li hlahisitse mefuta e mengata ea boits'oaro bo bobe ba botona le botšehali ho Gola et al. (36) batho bohle ba ileng ba kopana le mekhoa ea CSB e hlahisitsoeng ke tšebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa joalo ka bothata bo boholo. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ho tse peli (38, 39) lithuto tse ling mabapi le lipetlele tsa bongaka tse ka tlase, ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea moea le ts'ebetso ea maikutlo e amanang le boholo ba tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ha ho na data e lekaneng ho theha liqeto life kapa life tse matla, empa tšusumetso e 'ngoe bakeng sa lithuto tsa nako e tlang e ka etsoa.

Ho latela maikutlo a rona, ho loketse ho etsa lipatlisiso hore na CSB e ka khetholloa ka li-subtypes tse peli tse khethiloeng ke: (1) boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate bo kopanetsoeng, le (2) boits'oaro bo bobe ba ho itšunya-tšunya thobalanong le ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (48, 49). Ho ipapisitsoe le liphumano tse analoganeng tsa tšebeliso e mpe ea joala, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea li-subtypes tsena e ka amana le mefuta e fapaneng ea genotypes le mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea litho tsa bohloka bakeng sa likeletso le meputso (50, 51). Re fana ka maikutlo a ho hlahloba lithutong tsa kamoso hore na mokhoa o ikhethileng o ka hlalosoang ka boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate o ka tšoauoa ka tekanyo e phahameng ea batho ba batlang bocha le ts'ebetso ea kelello ea bohloka ka mokhoa o reriloeng ke RDS, athe subtype e amanang le bothata ba ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka bongata le ts'ebetso ea thobalano e le boinotšing e ka tšoauoa. Sebakeng seo ka ho eketseha hoa moea o mocha oa boiketsetso bakeng sa meputso e makatsang le meputso ntle le hypoactivation ea li-circuits tsa moputso.

Tumellano le Thopolo ea Sirience ea Incentive

Ho latela IST, lintlha tse ithutoang (tse susumetsang maemo) tse amanang le bokhoba ba ho lemalla li etsa hore likarabo li eketsehe maemong a potlakileng le ho etsa hore boitšoaro bo hlohlellehe (joalo ka linako tse khutšoane tsa karabelo le ho nepahala ho phahameng) bathong ba lemaletseng, ha likarabelo molemong oa moputso ka boeona li lula li sa fetohe kapa li ts'oaroa. ka mor'a nako e itseng (26, 31). Kahoo, ho ea ka IST, haeba CSB e arolelana mekhoa le bokhoba, re lokela ho bona karabelo e BONANG ho ts'ebetso ea ventral ka ho khetheha bakeng sa mekhoa e bonts'ang meputso e makatsang / thobalano bathong ba nang le CSB ha e bapisoa le taolo e ntle le meputso e meng.

Ho bala sengoliloeng se seng le se seng se hlahisitsoeng (36-39) ka lehlakoreng le leng, motho a ka bokella hore datha tsohle li bonts'a mekhoa e ntlafalitsoeng ke IST, e leng, boitšisinyo bo phahameng bakeng sa tšusumetso e mpe. Empa ho hlaha potso e le 'ngoe ea bohlokoa: Tsela ea ho toloka lintho tse tsosang takatso ka laboratoring e qala joang? Haeba motho a nka hore setšoantšo se sa sebetseng kapa video e bapala karolo ea lets'oao, ho eketsa tšebetso ea moea leseling har'a lithuto tse nang le CSB (ha ho bapisoa le taolo) o tla bua molemong oa tšibeliso ea tlhekefetso. Leha ho le joalo, haeba motho a nahana hore tšusumetso e mpe e bapala karolo ea moputso, liphetho tsena ha li hlile ha li tšehetse liphatlalatso tse thehiloeng foromong ea IST. Ho latela pono ea rona, [bakeng sa lintlha, bona Gola et al. (9)] maemong a mangata a bophelo ba hau, mehopolo e bonoang ea thobalano e kang mmele o hlobotseng oa molekane ea ts'oanang le thobalano e eketsa takatso ea thobalano mme e lebisa ho mekhoa e qalileng ts'ebetsong ea thobalano ea thobalano le ho khaotsa ka ho phutholoha (52). Maemong ana, re pheha khang ea hore takatso ea thobalano e bapala karolo ea cue (maemo a susumetsang), athe orgasm e bapala karolo ea (mantlha) moputso (mokoallo o se nang maemo). Sena e ka ba joalo haholo bakeng sa taolo e phetseng hantle le bakeng sa lithuto tsa CSB tse nang le boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate.

Monahano oa rona o ts'oana le maemong a mangata a thobalano a le mong, haholo-holo bakeng sa lithuto tse phetseng hantle. Lisosa tse tloaelehileng tsa thobalano ke livideo kapa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse eketsang takatso ea thobalano e lebisang ho ts'oereng lits'oants'o tsa thobalano tse qetellang ka moputso. Empa lipatlisisong (9), re hlokomela tse latelang: (1) batho ba natefeloa ke ho shebella litšoantšo le livideo tse tsosang takatso, mohlomong li tsamaeang le karabelo ea setho sa botona kapa ea botšehali; (2) ts'ebetso ea bona ea boko e amanang le moputso e hokahanngoa le maikutlo ana a khahlisang ka lebaka la takatso e bonoang ea thobalano; (3) ba ikemiselitse ho etsa boiteko ba ho shebella lintho tsena tse susumetsang, tse ts'oanang le maikutlo a mang a khothatsang, joalo ka chelete; hape (4) re boetse re bona boemo ba litakatso tsa thobalano. Kahoo, re bolela hore maikutlo a ho hlasimoloha ka thobalano a kanna a ba le boleng bo khotsofatsang mme, ka sethaleng sa laboratori [joalo ka ho ithuta (36)], e ka bapala karolo ea moputso. Bakeng sa batho ba CSB ba nang le boits'oaro bo boholo ba ho shebella le ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​sena e kanna ea ba maemong a bophelo ba nnete, kaha ba bangata ba bona ba tlaleha ho itlopa bolutu ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa moo ka boomo ba liehang ho boloka lihora tse monate tsa ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.2). Ka hona, ho ea ka pono ea rona, liphetho tsa lithuto tse fumanehang li ts'ehetsa liphatlalatso tsa IST mme li bonts'a ho eketseha hoa moea oa nakoana bakeng sa ts'usumetso e mpe [e ka bapalang karolo ea cue ea thobalano e tlang (37, 39)] kapa bakeng sa likhakanyo tse bolelang litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso, tseo ka bobeli ke mohopolo o khotsofatsang (36).

Lits'oants'o tse tšoanang le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi le boloi

Tlhahlobo ea morao-rao ea meta (32) ea lithuto tsa 25 mabapi le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea litheko tsa lithethefatsi le ho becha ha methapo ea methapo ea maikutlo li bontša hore nakong ea tebello ea moputso (ho hlalosoa ha setšoantšo), batho ba nang le litheko tsa lithethefatsi le papali ea papali ea chelete ba bontšitse ho fokotseha ha ts'ebetso ha ho bapisoa le batho ba nang le taolo e ntle. Nakong ea sephetho sa moputso, batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi ba bonts'itse ts'ebetso e eketsehileng ts'ebetsong ea moea, athe batho ba lemaletseng papali ea chelete ba bonts'itse ts'ebetso ea dorsal striatum ha e bapisoa le batho ba laoloang ka bophelo bo botle. Ho latela bangoli, ho tsitsipana hoa maikutlo ho batho ba lemalloang nakong ea tebello ea moputso le bathong ba lemaletseng papali ea chelete ea papali ea chelete nakong ea sephetho sa moputso ho lumellana le khopolo ea RDS ea ho lemalla. Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore lithuto tsohle tse kenyellelitsoeng tlhahlobisong ena ea meta li ne li sebelisa tšusumetso ea chelete; ka hona, mekhoa e hlalositsoeng ea ho sebetsa hape bakeng sa litheko le meputso e ne e se litaba tse ikhethang bakeng sa bokhoba ba litheko tse ling. Boithuto feela bo nang le lithuto tsa CSB-bo ka bapisoang ka kotloloho le lithuto tse hlahlojoang Luijten et al. (32) - ke Gola et al. (36), e sebelisang mosebetsi oa ho lieha ho khothaletsa chelete. Mona, ha ho na hypoactivation ea ventral striatum e CSB (e bapisoang le taolo) e hlokometsoeng. Re bona tlhokeho ea ho etsa lipapiso ho bapisa batho ba CSB le batho ba lemaletseng lintho kapa papali ea chelete ba sebelisa mesebetsi e tloaelehileng joalo ka ts'ebetso ea ho liehisa chelete ho etsa lipatlisiso ka ho tšoana le liphapang lipakeng tsa CSB le litlamorao ho ts'ebetsong ea "ventral striatum reacuction".

Kakaretso le Tsamaiso ea Bokamoso

Palo ea liphuputso tse fumanehang ho CSB (le mekhoa e mengata ea meriana ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hangata) e ntse e eketseha. Har'a lipatlisiso tse fumanehang hona joale, re fumane libuka tse robong (Letlapa 1) e sebelisoang litšoantšong tse sebetsang tsa matla a motlakase. Ke tse 'nè feela ho tsena (36-39) ho batlisisitsoe ka ho hlaka ho sebetsana le litlhahiso tsa boets'oaro le / kapa meputso le ho tlaleha liphuputso tse amanang le ts'ebetso ea ventral striatum. Liphuputso tse tharo li bontša ho eketseha ha maikutlo ho hlaselang batho ba nang le tšusumetso e matla bakeng sa tšusumetso e mpe ea tlhaho (36-39) kapa ho bolela hore ho na le ntho e joalo e ka hlalosang (36-39). Liphumano tsena li lumellana le IST (28), e 'ngoe ea mekhoa e hlaheletseng e hlalosang bokhoni ba boko bo lemalla. Tšehetso feela ea moralo o mong oa theknoloji o bolelang esale pele boikaketsi ba thibelo ea ventral e lemalla, khopolo ea RDS (29, 30), e tsoa karolong e itseng ea thuto (37), moo batho ba nang le CSB ba hlahisitseng ts'ebetso e tlaase ea ventral e hlaselang ha e bapisoa le litaelo.

Boemo ba hajoale ba lintlha bo re lumella ho etsa qeto ea hore CSB e amana le ho eketseha ha moea oa boiphetetso bakeng sa tšusumetso e mpe le likhopolo tsa ponelo-pele bakeng sa tšusumetso e joalo. Leha ho le joalo, lipotso tse ngata tsa mantlha tse lumellang ho bapisoa ka kotloloho le bokhoba ba lithethefatsi le papali ea chelete ea methapo ea methapo li lula li sa thibeloe. Re bona tlhokeho ea lithuto e bapisa ka kotloloho batho ba CSB le batho ba lemaletseng lintho (ho netefatsa likhakanyo tse thehiloeng ho RDS) le mosebetsi o mongata oa tlhahlobo le ho lokisa moputso ho CSB (bakeng sa netefatso e eketsehileng ea likhakanyo tse thehiloeng ho IST). Lithuto tsa nako e tlang li boetse li lokela ho leka ho laola mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa CSB (mohlala, ts'ebetso ea thobalano le motho a le mong).

Re boetse re batla ho hlokomela hore ventral striatum ke karolo e le 'ngoe feela ea boko e amanang le ts'ebetso ea moputso le ho ithuta, le hore setšoantšo se rarahaneng haholo sa CSB se ka hlahisoa ha re khona ho kopanya tsebo mabapi le ts'ebetso eohle ea boko.

sheba mefokolo ea

Tlhahlobo ea rona e na le meeli e amanang le palo e nyane ea lipatlisiso tsa fMRI le bakuli ba CSB. Ka lebaka la meeli ena, re lekile ho kenyelletsa lithuto tsohle, ho sa na le phapang e totobetseng ea mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea bongaka, le litekanyetso tseo ba li bolelang (bona Lethathamo 1), ho hlaha eng ka disampole tse seng tsa homo native. Taba ea bobeli, re nkile moelelo o pharaletseng oa "ventral striatum", ho kenyelletsoa le sebaka se seholo sa medial caudate nucleus le rostroventral putamen e nang le li-nucleus accumbens (19). Rea tšepa hore bopaki bo ntseng bo eketseha ba bopaki bo tla lumella tlhahlobo e ikhethang haholoanyane nakong e tlang.

Menehelo ea Mongoli

Bangoli bohle ba thathamisitsoeng ba entse tlatsetso e kholo, e tobileng le e nang le kelello mosebetsing, 'me ba e amohetse bakeng sa ho hatisoa.

dithuso tsa ditjhelete

Bangoli ba buka ena e ngotsoeng ka letsoho ba ne ba tšehelitsoe ke Setsi sa Sechaba sa Sechaba sa Poland, thuso ea OPUS, nomoro 2014 / 15 / B / HS6 / 03792 (MG) le PRELUDIUM numer ea 2016 / 23 / N / HS6 / 02906 (MD).

Tlhōlisano ea Tlhaloso

Bangoli ba bolela hore lipatlisiso li ne li etsoa ka ho se be le likamano leha e le life tsa khoebo kapa tsa lichelete tse ka nkoang e le khohlano e ka 'nang ea e-ba le thahasello.

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Mantsoe a bohlokoa: Boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate

Tlhagiso: Gola M le Draps M (2018) Ventral Striatal Reacaction in Behviors Offulsive Behaviors. Ka pele. Psychiki 9: 546. Doi: 10.3389 / fpsyt.2018.00546

E amohetse: 15 April 2018; E amohetsoe: 12 Mphalane 2018;
E hatisitsoe: 14 November 2018.

E hlophisitsoeng ke:

Jung-Seok Choi, Setsi sa Bongaka sa SMG-SNU Boramae, Korea Boroa

Hlahloba by:

Lisa Soelch, Université de Friborg, Switzerland
Elisabet Jerlhag, Univesithi ea Gothenburg, Sweden

Tokelo ea Copyright © 2018 Gola le Draps. Ena ke sengoloa se bulehileng se fihletsoeng ka tlase ho License ea Boikarabelo ba Creative Commons (CC BY). Ts'ebeliso, ho ajoa kapa ho hlahisoa liphatlalatsong tse ling li lumelletsoe, ha feela mongoli (bang) le mong'a sengoli a ngolisitsoe ka molao le hore phatlalatso ea mantlha koranteng ena e bontšitsoe ho latela tloaelo e amohetsoeng ea thuto. Ha ho ts'ebeliso, ho tsamaisoa kapa ho hlahisoa hape hoa lumelloa ho sa lumellaneng le lipehelo tsena.

Ngollano: Mateusz Gola, [imeile e sirelelitsoe]