Ke mefuta efe ea lits'ebeletso tsa inthanete e etsang hore bacha ba lemale? Likamano tsa Mathata a Ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang (2020)

Tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ne e le ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang e hohelang ka ho fetisisa:

 "Palo ea PIU e ne e le kholo ka ho fetisisa ho bacha ba neng ba sebelisa marang-rang bakeng sa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (19.6%), e lateloang ke papali (9.3%) le sechaba sa inthanete (8.4%)"

"Leha ho le joalo, karo-karolelano ea PIU har'a ba sebelisang marang-rang haholo bakeng sa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e ne e le eona e phahameng ka ho fetisisa, e leng se neng se ama monyetla o matla oa ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng ha o bapisoa le lits'ebeletso tse ling tsa inthanete"

Ts'ebeliso ea porn ke ts'ebeliso e hokahaneng haholo le khatello ea maikutlo, psychopatholgy:

"Liphuputso tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore ho sebelisa marang-rang haholo-holo ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho amana le lefu la kelello le matla, joalo ka khatello ea maikutlo le ho ipolaea, hammoho le matla a ho lemalla motho."

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2020 Apr 20; 16: 1031-1041. Doi: 10.2147 / NDT.S247292

inahaneloang

morero:

Phuputso ena e fuputse tlhahlobo le tšebeliso ea mathata a ts'ebeliso ea inthanete (PIU) ka har'a sampole e kholo ea bacha ba ipapisitseng le mofuta oa ts'ebeletso ea inthanete e sebelisitsoeng.

Lisebelisoa le mekhoa:

Boithuto bona bo entsoe ho tloha ka 2008 ho fihlela 2010, mme bacha ba 223,542 ba lilemo tse 12 ho isa ho 18 ba nkile karolo thutong. Barupeluoa ba arabetse lipotso tsa ho itlaleha tse kenyelletsang lintho tsa palo ea batho, nako ea ts'ebeliso ea inthanete, tšebeletso e sebelisoang haholo marang-rang le bophelo ba kelello. PIU e ile ea hlahlojoa ka Internet Addiction Proneness Scale bakeng sa Fomano ea Bacha.

Results:

Tekanyo ea PIU ka kakaretso e ne e le 5.2%, mme litekanyetso tsa tšoaetso li fokotsoe ka thobalano e ne e le 7.7% ho bashanyana le 3.8% ho banana. Ts'ebeliso ea lits'ebeletso tsa inthanete tse sebelisoang haholo e ne e fapane haholo ho tsa bong. Litšebeletso tsa marang-rang tse neng li sebelisoa haholo e ne e le papali ea chelete (58.1%) ho bashanyana le ho li-blog (22.1%) le ho romella molaetsa (20.3%) ho banana. Karolelano ea menyetla ea PIU e ne e fapane haholo ho latela ts'ebeletso ea inthanete e sebelisoang haholo; sebelisa marang-rang haholo bakeng sa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha ho bapisoa le ho batla tlhaiso-leseling ho ne ho e-na le karo-karolelano e phahameng ea ho hloka (4.526 fold fold). Likarolo tsa khatello ea maikutlo, maikutlo a ho ipolaea, le liteko tsa ho ipolaea li ne li amana haholo le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa menahano bakeng sa PIU (1.725-, 1.747- le 1.361-fold, ka ho latellana).

fihlela qeto ena:

Boithuto ba hona joale bo senotse tlhahisoleseling ea bohlokoa ka PIU ho bacha. Phetiso ea PIU e na le mekhoa e fapaneng e thehiloeng ho thobalano le lits'ebeletso tse khethehileng tsa inthanete. Lithuto tsa PIU ka mekhoa e hlalositsoeng hantle le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo bakeng sa PIU ea ts'ebeletso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea marang-rang ea hlokahala.

LITLHAKU TSE KHOLO: bokhoba ba tahi; bocha; ho se tšoane ka thobalano; ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang

PMID 32368065
PMCID: PMC7182452
DOI: 10.2147 / NDT.S247292

Selelekela

Lilemong tse mashome a mabeli tse fetileng, inthanete e kene bophelong ba batho ka potlako le ka mokhoa o pharaletseng ebile e fetohile mokhoa oa bohlokoa oa ho phela letsatsi le letsatsi, joalo ka ho ea mabenkeleng, ho fumana litaba le ho ikopanya le metsoalle. Lintlha tsa tlhahlobo ea Amerika li tlalehiloe hore batho ba baholo ba 90% ba nang le marang-rang ka 2019, mme karolo ea batho ba sa sebeliseng marang-rang e theohile ho tloha ho 48% ka 2000 ho ea ho 10% feela ka 2019. Haholo-holo bacha ba sebelisa marang-rang haholo maphelong a bona a letsatsi le letsatsi ho feta batho ba bang. Ka 2018, 95% ea bacha ba Amerika e tlalehiloe hore e na le phihlello ea li-smartphones, mme 45% ea bacha e fumaneha inthaneteng nako le nako.

Leha marang-rang a fana ka melemo e fapaneng, joalo ka thuto, boithabiso, puisano ea sechaba, bonolo le boiketlo ba kelello, lithuto tse ngata li tlalehile litloaelano tse mpe tsa inthanete le bophelo ba kelello ba bacha, ho kenyelletsa khatello ea maikutlo, matšoenyeho a sechaba, ho ipolaea le cyberbullying.- Haholo, tšebeliso ea mathata a marang-rang (PIU) e tšoauoang ke tšebeliso e fetelletseng le litšobotsi tsa bokhoba ke e 'ngoe ea mathata a maholo ka ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang ho batho ba lilemong tsa bocha, tseo ho tsona botumo ba tsona bo tlalehiloeng bo phahameng ho fihla ho 26.7% ke lithuto tse fetileng.,

Bacha ba tsejoa ba le tlokotsing ea PIU ka lebaka la ho ts'oaroa ho hoholo ho tsamaeang le ho se tsitse ha setho sa pele ho nako ea bongoana (PFC), haholo nakong ea pele le ea bohareng ba bocha.- Ntle le moo, ho sithabela maikutlo maikutlong nakong ea masea a pele (lilemo tse 2) ho tlalehiloe hore ho na le tšusumetso e kholo ho PIU ho bacha, ho bonts'a hore moea o tsoaletsoeng pele ho tlhaho ke e 'ngoe ea lisosa tse kholo tsa PIU. Thobalano e tsejoa e le moqapi o mong o khethollang mokhoa oa PIU. Bashemane ba na le monyetla oa ho sebelisa lipapali tsa marang-rang, athe banana ba sebelisa lits'ebeletso tsa marang-rang tse ngata ho feta bashanyana., Ntle le moo, mabaka a tikoloho, ho kenyelletsoa le ho hokahana le batsoali le lithaka le tsona ho tlalehiloe e le e 'ngoe ea tsebiso ea PIU ho bacha. Mohlala, Badenes-Ribera et al e tlaleha hore likamano le batsoali ba bona li amme boemo ba PIU haholo lilemong tsa bocha, athe likamano tsa lithaka e ne e le tsona lintlha tsa bohlokoa nakong ea bongoana.

Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, liphuputso tse ngata li fuputse lipatlisiso tse atileng tsa PIU le lintlha tse amanang le kotsi ho bacha, Leha ho le joalo, tlhaloso e hlakileng ea PIU ha e so etsoa. Bafuputsi ba fuputse PIU ka mantsoe le mehopolo e fapaneng, joalo ka "tlhekefetso ea inthanete", "Tšebeliso ea marang-rang e qobelloang", “Ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete” le "ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang". Lithuto tse ling tse shebaneng le papali ea marang-rang li sebelisitse mantsoe "tšebeliso e mpe ea papali ea inthanete", Bokhoba ba ho becha Inthaneteng ” le "marang-rang a lipapali tsa marang-rang".

Leha mantsoe ana a fapaneng le litlhaloso tsa ona li kenyelletsa sebopeho sa kelello se bolelang mokhoa oa tšebeliso ea marang-rang e sa laoleheng o bakang ho senyeha ha kliniki. Lebaka le leng la ho haella ha litlhaloso tse tloaelehileng tsa khauta ke hore marang-rang a fana ka dikahare tse fapaneng tse ka amanngoeng le bokhoni ba ho lemalla bo kang papali, papali ea chelete, meqoqo kapa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Nyane o bontšitse hore tlhekefetso ea marang-rang e akaretsa mathata a fapaneng a boitšoaro a ho laola tšusumetso mme e arotsoe ka li-subtypes tse hlano tse tobileng, ho kenyelletsoa ka thobalano ka bong bo amanang le thobalano, likamano tsa cyber, ho qobelloa ha tlhahisoleseling, ho lemalla tlhahisoleseling, le ts'ebetso ea likhomphutha.

Har'a li-subtypes tsena tse ikhethileng tsa PIU, "bothata ba lipapali tsa marang-rang" le "lefu la lipapali" li kenyelelitsoe e le tlhahlobo Karolong ea 3 ea Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Dis shida (DSM-5) le ntlafatso ea morao-rao ea Classified ea Mafu a Machaba (ICD-11) ea Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo (WHO). Leha lits'ebetso tsa marang-rang tse se nang lebitso li ne li sa nkuoe e le ts'oaetso e fumanehang ka lebaka la ho hloka bopaki, ho ntse ho na le matšoenyeho mabapi le mesebetsi e meng e kotsi ea nongaming e kang papali ea chelete ea inthanete, liwebsaeteng tseo batho ba etsang metsoalle ho tsona le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse fumanehang marang-rang.

Leha ho le joalo, ho sa tsotelloe ke matšoenyeho ana mabapi le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa PIU, lipatlisiso tse fumanang menyetla e tlatsetsang e sebelisang lits'ebeletso tse ikhethileng tsa marang-rang lia fokola. Boithuto ba morao-rao ba Majeremane le baithuti ba 6,081 12 ba lilemo li 19 - XNUMX ba fuputse phetiso ea lits'ebeliso tsa inthanete tse sebelisitsoeng ka matla ho PIU le bao e seng ba PIU. Thutong ea Rosenkranz et al likopo tsa inthanete tse sebelisoang haholo e ne e le libaka tsa marang-rang tseo batho ba etsang metsoalle ho tsona le ho qoqa, 'me likopo tsa Inthanete tsa PIU tse neng li boletsoe esale pele haholo e ne e le papali ea chelete le papali ea chelete. Leha ho le joalo, lithuto tse neng li lekola phepelo le bokhoba ba litheko tse thehiloeng ts'ebelisong ea lits'ebeletso tse ikhethileng tsa inthanete li ntse li haella; ha e le hantle, tsebong ea rona, ha ho na lithuto Korea. Kahoo, thuto ea hona joale e etselitsoe ho fuputsa ho ata le ho hokahana ha PIU ka sampole e kholo ea bacha lilemong tse thehiloeng ho subtype ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang.

Lisebelisoa le mekhoa

barupeluoa ba

Boithuto ba rona bo entsoe ka tlhaiso-leseling e nkiloeng ho tsoa ho lipatlisiso tsa bophelo bo botle tsa likoluoa ​​tsa banana tsa Korea Boroa tsa 2008, 2009 le 2010 (KYRBS). KYRBS ke liphuputso tse entsoeng ka lilemo tse ngata tse 'nileng tsa etsoa selemo le selemo ke Litsi tsa Korea bakeng sa Taolo ea Mafu le Thibelo ea Mafu (CDC) ho tloha 2005. KYRBS e shebana le boits'oaro bo kotsing ea bophelo bo botle har'a bacha. Tlhahlobo e entsoe ka lipotso tse phethoang ke bacha, tse nang le lintho tse 125, ho kenyelletsa le tlhahisoleseling ea tšebeliso ea koae, tšebeliso ea joala, botenya, ts'ebetso ea 'mele, boits'oaro ba thobalano, tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi, ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang le bophelo bo botle ba kelello. Baahi ba pakiloeng ke baemeli ba sekolo se mahareng le ba sekolong se phahameng ba lilemo li 12-18 Korea, ba nkeloang likolong tse pakeng tsa 400 le tse 400 sekolong se phahameng selemo se seng le se seng. Palo eohle ea barupeluoa e ne e le 223,542, mme KYRBS ea 2008, 2009 le 2010 e kenyelelitse barui ba 75,238, 75,066 le ba 73,238 XNUMX ka ho latellana. Pele ho kenella ho ithuteng, litaelo tse felletseng mabapi le sepheo le mekhoa ea thuto li fuoe baithuti ke matichere a koetlisitsoeng, mme tumello e ngotsoeng e nang le tsebo e fumanoe ho tsoa ho baithuti. Baithuti ba neng ba lumetse ho nka karolo ba ile ba phethela leqephe la lipotso le sa tsejoeng, le neng le hlahisoa ka har'a komporo. Boto ea CDC's Institutional Review Board e amohetse liprothane tsa KYRBS.

Tlhahlobo

Ho lekola PIU, Internet Addiction Proneness Scale for Youth-Short form (KS wadogo) e hlahisitsoeng ke Kim et al e ne e sebelisoa. Sekhahla sa KS ke sekhahla sa litlaleho tse 20 tse thathamisitsoeng sekepeng sa 4-Likert (1 = le ka mohla, 2 = ka linako tse ling, 3 = khafetsa, kapa 4 = kamehla). E na le likarolo tse tšeletseng tsa tlatsetso: (1) tšitiso ea ts'ebetso ea maiketsetso (lintho tse 6), (2) tebello e ntle (1 ntho), (3) ho ntshwa (lintho tse 4), (4) kamano e kopaneng ea motho (lintho tse 3), (5 ) boitšoaro bo khelohileng (lintho tse 2), le (6) mamello (lintho tse 4). Karabo e arotsoe ka likarolo ho tse ling tsa lihlopha tse tharo: PIU e hlakileng, PIU e ka etsahalang, le mosebelisi ea tloaelehileng oa inthanete. DefI PIU e hlalosoa ke palo e felletseng ea 53 kapa kaholimo kapa ho ba teng ha tsena tsohle tse latelang: lintlha tse sebetsang tsa tse 17 kapa ho ea holimo; bongata ba ho khaotsa ho ba 11 kapa ka holimo; le lintlha tsa ho mamella tse 13 kapa ka holimo. Mohlomong PIU e hlalosoa ke palo e felletseng pakeng tsa 48 le 52 kapa ho ba teng ha tsena tsohle tse latelang: lintlha tse sebetsang tsa 15 kapa ka holimo; lintlha tse 10 tsa ho tlosoa; le mamello ea tse 12 kapa ho feta. Thutong ea hona joale, sehlopha sa PIU se hlalositsoe e le karolo ea sehlopha sa PIU e hlakileng le e ka etsahalang.

Nako ea ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang e ile ea botsoa ka ntho e reng "U sebelisitse marang-rang lihora tse kae ka beke le beke matsatsing a 30 a fetileng?" Tšebeletso ea inthanete e neng e sebelisoa haholo ke barupeluoa e ile ea botsoa ke ntho e reng "Ke tšebeletso efe eo u atisang ho sebelisa marang-rang ka ho fetisisa?" ka likhetho tse khethiloeng ho kenyelletsa ho batla tlhahisoleseling, ho etsa melaetsa, ho qoqa, ho bapala lipapali, ho shebella lifilimi, ho mamela 'mino, ho shebella livideo tse kang litaba tse entsoeng ke basebelisi, imeile, mabenkele, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​ho ngolla marang-rang, joalo-joalo. Liteko tsa ho ipolaea li ile tsa botsoa ke ntho bakeng sa boiphihlelo bo bong le bo bong likhoeling tse 12 tse fetileng ka likarabo tsa "che 'kapa" che "ka tsela e latelang:" Na u kile oa ikutloa u hloname kapa u lakatsa ho emisa bophelo ba hau ba letsatsi le letsatsi bakeng sa libeke tse peli tse fetileng? " bakeng sa khatello ea maikutlo, "Na u kile oa nahana ho ipolaea ka ho tebileng likhoeling tse 12 tse fetileng?" molemong oa ho ipolaea, le "Na u lekile ho ipolaea likhoeling tse 12 tse fetileng?" bakeng sa liteko tsa ho ipolaea.

Lipalo-palo li

Lipalopalo tse hlalosang li ile tsa sebelisoa bakeng sa ho lekola litšobotsi tsa palo ea batho. Ho sekaseka setsoalle lipakeng tsa ts'ebeletso ea marang-rang e sebelisoang haholo marang-rang, ho ata le ho lumellana ha PIU le lipalo tse hlalosang, tlhahlobo ea chi-mraba le tlhahlobo ea phapang (ANOVA) li ile tsa amoheloa. Ho hlahloba karo-karolelano ea PIU ho latela likhakanyo tse amehang, ho khutlisetsoa hoa thepa le PIU e le phapang e ts'episitsoeng ho sebelisitsoe ke mefuta e 'meli. Mohlala oa pele o kenyelletsa thobalano, sehlopha, ts'ebeletso ea marang-rang e sebelisoang haholo, ketsahalo e sithabetsang, maikutlo a ho ipolaea le teko ea ho ipolaea e le lintho tse ikemetseng. Model 2 e ekelitse boemo ba boiketlo ba sechaba le katleho ea sekolo joalo ka li-covariates ho ea mohlala 1. Liteko tsa lipatlisiso li ile tsa etsoa ho sebelisoa sephutheloana sa software SPSS 25.0 bakeng sa Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL).

Results

Litšobotsi tsa Botho

Litšobotsi tsa palo ea batho li bontšitsoe ho Lethathamo 1. Ka kakaretso, baithuti ba sekolo se mahareng ba 223,542 le ba sekolong se phahameng ba nkile karolo thutong, mme ba 52.5% e ne e le banna. Kakaretso ea PIU ka kakaretso e ne e le 5.8%, mme sehlopha se neng se le kotsing ea marang-rang se neng se le kotsing ea sehlopha sa PIU e ne e le 3.2%. Ho ata ha PIU ho latela thobalano e ne e le 7.7% ho bashanyana le 3.8% ho banana. Karolo ea bankakarolo ba bileng le ketsahalo e sithabetsang, maikutlo a ho ipolaea, le teko ea ho ipolaea e ne e le 38.0%, 19.1%, le 4.8%, ka ho latellana.

Lethathamo 1

Litšobotsi tsa Botho

n (%)
Kakaretso223542
Year
 200875238 (33.7)
 200975066 (33.6)
 201073238 (32.8)
Sex
 Male117281 (52.5)
 Female106261 (47.5)
Kereiti ya
 Sekolo sa mahareng 1st38219 (17.1)
 Sekolo se mahareng 2nd38423 (17.2)
 Sekolo sa mahareng 3rd38280 (17.1)
 Sekolo se phahameng sa 137218 (16.6)
 Sekolo se phahameng sa bobeli36926 (16.5)
 Sekolo se phahameng 3rd34476 (15.4)
PIU
 Kakaretso13056 (5.8)
 Motho ea sebelisang likotsi tse kholo7183 (3.2)
 Motho ya ka sebedisang kotsi5873 (2.6)
 Ketsahalo e sithabetsang; ee84848 (38.0)
 Khopolo ea ho ipolaea; ee42728 (19.1)
 Boiteko ba ho ipolaea; ee10778 (4.8)
Boemo ba Socioeconomic
 High13775 (6.2)
 Holimo-bohareng48348 (21.6)
 Bohareng105472 (47.2)
 E tlase-bohareng41322 (18.5)
 Low14625 (6.5)
Katleho ea Sekolo
 High25440 (11.4)
 Holimo-bohareng52399 (23.4)
 Bohareng60448 (27.0)
 E tlase-bohareng57183 (25.6)
 Low28072 (12.6)

Sesebelisoa: PIU, ts'ebeliso e mpe ea marang-rang.

Prevalence and Correlates of PIU E Thehiloe ho Tšebeletso e Inthaneteng e Sebelisoang Haholo

Har'a barupeluoa bohle, tšebeletso e sebelisoang haholo marang-rang e ne e le papali ea marang-rang (35.0%), e lateloang ke ho batla tlhahisoleseling (16.2%), ho qoqa (14.1%), le ho bloga (12.1%) (Lethathamo 2 'me Setšoantšo sa 1). Leha ho le joalo, boholo ba lits'ebeletso tsa inthanete tse neng li sebelisoa haholo li ne li fapane lipakeng tsa bashanyana le banana (x2 = 9144.0; p <0.001). Le ha ts'ebeletso e sebelisitsoeng haholo ho bashanyana e ne e le lipapali tsa inthanete (58.1%), banana ba ne ba sebelisa blogga (22.1%) mme ba qoqa haholo (20.3%).

Lethathamo 2

Mokhatlo lipakeng tsa Tšebeletso ea Inthanete e Sebelisoang Haholo le Prevalence le Correlates tsa PIU

Ts'ebeliso e ngata ea Inthanete e sebelisoangHo Batla TlhahisoleselingMessenger / Ho qoqadipapadiRe shebella MovieMmino o mamelangVideo e shebelletseng (ke hore UCC)Mokhatlo oa Inthanete kapa SetsiE-MailHo reka InthanetengLitšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanetebloggajoalo-joaloKakaretsoLipalo-palo F kapa χ2
Kakaretso
 n36,15031,44678,325824821,0752896403211475315171627,1426050223,542
 %16.214.135.03.79.41.31.80.52.40.812.12.7100.0
Sex
 E motona; n16,857987368,1394415725711581064313780156536372223117,28169144.0 *
 %14.48.458.13.86.21.00.90.30.71.33.11.9100.0
 E motšehali; n19,29321,57310,186383313,81817382968834453515123,5053827102,434
 %18.220.39.63.613.01.62.80.84.30.122.13.6100.0
Nako ea Ts'ebeliso ea Marang-rang; Bolelang (SD)
 Letsatsi la beke; lihora1.1 (1.3)1.6 (1.6)1.6 (1.8)1.3 (1.5)1.1 (1.3)1.4 (1.4)1.7 (1.5)1.0 (1.2)1.3 (1.3)2.0 (3.0)1.4 (1.4)1.5 (1.7)457.5 *
 Mafelo-beke; lihora1.8 (1.8)2.4 (2.1)3.1 (2.5)2.4 (2.1)1.8 (1.7)2.4 (2.1)3.0 (2.2)1.5 (1.7)2.1 (1.8)2.8 (3.4)2.2 (1.9)2.4 (2.3)1112.5 *
Tekanyo ea KS1298.4 *
 E bolelang27.829.633.029.127.029.832.926.427.836.228.728.6
 SD8.69.010.58.97.78.99.77.77.818.18.18.9
Kakaretso ea PIU; Ho joalo3791.9 *
 n1217153473173345161223392514933691125613,056
 %3.44.99.34.02.44.28.42.22.819.63.44.25.8
DefI PIU feela; Ho joalo2624.9 *
 n66681740261952726017411842694561537183
 %1.82.65.12.41.32.14.31.01.615.71.72.53.2
Ketsahalo e sithabetsang; Ho joalo3867.8 *
 n13,41215,17124,0813307828811041585443222585812,149222584,848
 %37.148.230.740.139.338.139.338.641.950.044.836.838.0
Mohopolo oa ho ipolaea; Ho joalo1918.0 *
 n6107794712,3071662399954587621211005336,2081,23242,728
 %16.925.315.720.219.018.821.718.520.731.122.920.419.1
Boiteko ba ho ipolaea; Ho joalo1386.4 *
 n13322458281340197210218058274235166528810,778
 %3.77.83.64.94.63.54.55.15.213.76.14.84.8

Hlokomela: * p <0.001.

Likhaloso: PIU, Ts'ebeliso e thata ea inthanete; UCC, litaba tse entsoeng ke mosebelisi; Sekala sa KS, Phokotso ea Bokhoba ba Inthanete bakeng sa Foromo e Khuts'oane ea Bacha; SD, ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng.

Faele e kantle e nang le setšoantšo, papiso, joalo-joalo Lebitso la ntho ke NDT-16-1031-g0001.jpg

Ts'ebeletso e sebelisoang haholo inthaneteng ho latela thobalano (%).

Sekhahla sa ho ata ha PIU ho basebelisi ba ts'ebeletso e ngoe le e ngoe ea inthanete se ne se fapane haholo ho latela ts'ebeletso ea inthanete e sebelisoang haholo (x2 = 3791.9; p <0.001). Palo ea PIU e ne e le eona e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ho bacha ba neng ba sebelisa marang-rang bakeng sa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (19.6%), e lateloang ke papali (9.3%) le sechaba sa inthanete (8.4%) (Lethathamo 2 'me Setšoantšo sa 2). Karolo ea basebelisi ba lipapali tsa inthanete har'a sehlopha sohle sa ba nang le PIU e ne e le phahameng ka ho fetisisa e le 56.0%.

Faele e kantle e nang le setšoantšo, papiso, joalo-joalo Lebitso la ntho ke NDT-16-1031-g0002.jpg

Bokapele ba PIU ho latela tšebeletso ea inthanete e sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa.

Likhaloso: PIU, ts'ebeliso ea mathata a marang-rang; UCC, litaba tse thehiloeng ke basebelisi.

Karolo ea karolo ea bankakarolo ba nang le boiphihlelo ba maemo a nyahamisang, maikutlo a ho ipolaea le teko hape e ne e le e phahameng ho feta har'a bacha ba sebelisang marang-rang bakeng sa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa haholo (50.0%, 31.1% le 13.7%, ka ho latellana), ba lateloa ke ho qoqa (48.2%, 25.3) %, le 7.8%, ka ho latellana) le ho bloga (44.8%, 22.9%, le 6.1%).

Mathata a ho ba maemong a ho ba sehlopheng sa PIU a ipapisitse le lipalo tsa batho ba sebelisang marang-rang

Lethathamo 3 e bonts'a litekanyetso tsa ho ba sehlopheng sa PIU se ipapisitse le palo ea batho le tšebeliso ea inthanete. Karo-karolelano ea lits'enyehelo e ne e phahame haholo ho bashanyana ho feta banana (OR = 1.520; p <0.001). Ha li bapisoa le barupeluoa ba banyane ka ho fetesisa, lihlopha tsa baithuti ba baholo li bonts'itse litekanyo tse phahameng haholo, 1.274- ho 1.319-fold phahame, bakeng sa PIU.

Lethathamo 3

Logistric Regression bakeng sa PIU le Covariates

Mefuta-futaSetšoantšo sa 1Setšoantšo sa 2
OR95% CIpOR95% CIp
Sex
 Femalemorekisi
 Male1.5011.432ho1.573.0001.5201.450ho1.593.000
Kereiti ya
 Sekolo sa mahareng 1stmorekisi
 Sekolo se mahareng 2nd1.3031.223ho1.387.0001.2741.196ho1.357.000
 Sekolo sa mahareng 3rd1.3681.285ho1.457.0001.3271.246ho1.413.000
 Sekolo se phahameng sa 11.3341.251ho1.423.0001.2861.205ho1.373.000
 Sekolo se phahameng sa bobeli1.3101.226ho1.399.0001.2381.158ho1.323.000
 Sekolo se phahameng 3rd1.4041.313ho1.501.0001.3191.232ho1.411.000
Ts'ebeliso e ngata ea Inthanete e sebelisoang
 Ho batlisisa tlhahisoleselingmorekisi
 Moromuwa / chatting1.3781.274ho1.490.0001.2851.188ho1.391.000
 dipapadi2.8242.644ho3.015.0002.6612.491ho2.843.000
 Ho shebella filimi1.127.995ho1.276.0601.096.967ho1.241.152
 Ho mamela 'mino.743.668ho.825.000.733.660ho.814.000
 Ho shebella video (ke hore UCC)1.2871.063ho1.559.0101.2781.055ho1.548.012
 Sechaba sa marang-rang kapa sehlopha2.7852.453ho3.162.0002.8222.485ho3.206.000
 E-mail.682.456ho1.019.062.658.440ho.985.042
 Ho reka inthaneteng.893.750ho1.063.203.873.733ho1.040.128
 Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete4.9444.311ho5.670.0004.5263.941ho5.198.000
 blogga1.058.967ho1.158.2171.023.935ho1.120.616
 joalo-joalo1.3411.167ho1.541.0001.3351.162ho1.535.000
Ketsahalo e sithabetsang
 Chemorekisi
 E1.7821.710ho1.857.0001.7251.655ho1.798.000
Maikutlo a ho ipolaea
 Chemorekisi
 E1.8131.728ho1.903.0001.7471.664ho1.833.000
Boiteko ba ho ipolaea
 Chemorekisi
 E1.4501.353ho1.553.0001.3611.270ho1.459.000

Notes: Mohlala oa 1 o kenyelletsa ts'ebetso ea thobalano, sehlopha, ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang e sebelisoang haholo, ketsahalo e sithabetsang, maikutlo a ho ipolaea le ho leka ho ipolaea joalo ka bo-rakhoebo. Mohlala oa bobeli o kenyelletsa boemo ba boiketlo ba sechaba le katleho ea sekolo e le li-covariate ntle le mohlala oa 2.

Likhaloso: PIU, ts'ebeliso ea mathata a marang-rang; UCC, litaba tse thehiloeng ke basebelisi

Ha ho bapisoa le bacha ba sebelisang marang-rang bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batlisisang haholo, karo-karolelano ea PIU ho bacha ba sebelisang inthanete bakeng sa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ne e le eona e phahameng ka ho fetisisa (OR = 4.526, p <0.001), e lateloe ke ba sebelisang marang-rang bakeng sa sechaba. (OR = 2.822, p <0.001) le papali (OR = 2.661, p <0.001). Ba sebelisang marang-rang haholo bakeng sa ho mamela 'mino (OR = 0.733, p <0.001) le lengolo tsoibila (OR = 0.658, p = 0.042) ba bonts'itse likhahla tse tlase haholo ho feta tsa bacha ba sebelisang marang-rang ho batla tlhaiso-leseling. Ho ne ho se na phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa likhaohano pakeng tsa lihlopha tse sebelisang marang-rang haholo bakeng sa ho batla tlhaiso-leseling le lihlopha tse shebellang lifilimi, mabenkeleng marang-rang le blogga.

Litloaelano lipakeng tsa Psychopathology le Kotsi ea PIU

Karolelano ea bankakarolo ba nang le boiphihlelo ba khatello ea liketsahalo, maikutlo a ho ipolaea, le teko ea ho ipolaea likhoeling tse 12 tse fetileng e ne e le tsona tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa lihlopheng tse sebelisang marang-rang ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (50.0%, 31.1%, le 13.7%, ka ho latellana), tse latelang ka len messengerosa / ho qoqa (48.2%, 25.3%, le 7.8%, ka tatellano) le ho ngolla mabitso (44.8%, 22.9%, le 6.1%, ka ho latellana) (Lethathamo 2). Boteng ba ketsahalo ea khatello ea maikutlo, mohopolo oa ho ipolaea le boiteko ba ho ipolaea le tsona li ne li amahanngoa haholo le sekhahla se phahameng sa likarolo tsa PIU har'a sampole eohle. (OR = 1.725, p <0.001; OR = 1.747, p <0.001; le 1.361, p <0.001, ka ho latellana) (Lethathamo 3).

Puisano

Boithuto ba rona bo ile ba etsa lipatlisiso mabapi le ho ata ha li-PIU le palo e kholo ea bacha lilemong tse thehiloeng ho lits'ebeletso tse sebelisoang haholo inthaneteng. Thutong ea rona, kakaretso ea PIU e ne e le 5.4%, e bapisoang le lithuto tse fetileng tse entsoeng linaheng tse ling. Lithuto tse ngata tse fetileng tsa PIU li tlalehile ho ata ha PIU. Mohlala, phuputso e entsoeng ho pholletsa le linaha tse robong tsa Europe e tlalehile ka keketseho ea 25%, ho tloha ho 14% ho isa ho 55% linaheng tsohle. Phuputso e 'ngoe e entsoeng linaheng tse tšeletseng tsa Asia e tlalehile hore keketseho ea tšebeliso ea marang-rang e lemalloang e hlahlobiloe ke Teko ea Tebello ea Marang-rang (IAT) ho tloha ho 1% Korea Boroa ho ea ho 5% Philippines,' me ho ata ha PIU ho tloha ho 13% ho isa ho 46% . Tlhahlobo e ngoe e hlophisitsoeng ea bokhoba ba marang-rang e boetse e tlalehiloe ka tekanyetso e pharalletseng ea maemo a tšoaetso ho tloha 1% ho isa ho 18.7% le ho tloha ho 0.8% ho isa ho 26.7%. Lithuto tsena li pheha khang ea hore litheko tse ngata tsa ho ata ha PIU li kanna tsa bakoa ke ho se lumellane ha mekhoa, joalo ka litlhaloso, lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo le likhetho tsa PIU., Kahoo, lithuto tsa nakong e tlang tse nang le litlhaloso tse lumellanoeng haholoanyane le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo ea PIU lia hlokahala ho netefatsa ho ata ha PIU. Leha ho le joalo, tlhahlobo ea "meta" e nang le lithuto tse 27 ho tloha ka 1998 ho fihlela 2006 e tlalehiloe ka kakaretso ea bothata ba lipapali tsa marang-rang ba 4.7%, leha ho le joalo ka bongata. e tsamaellanang le thuto ea rona.

Thutong ea rona, bashanyana ba bontšitse ho ata ha PIU ho feta banana ka makhetlo a ka bang mabeli. Ena ke phumano e lumellanang le lithuto tse ngata tse fetileng tse tlalehileng hore thobalano ea banna ke sesosa sa PIU.- Leha ho le joalo, lithuto tse ling li tlalehile mokhoa o fapaneng oa phapang ea thobalano ho ata ha PIU. Mohlala, Durkee et al e tlaleha hore phapang e nyane ka sekhahla sa tšoaetso ea PIU e fumanoe lipakeng tsa batho ba bong bo tšoanang thutong le bacha ba tsoang linaheng tse 11 tsa Yuropa leha ho bile le phapang e fapaneng le ea setso. Phuputso e 'ngoe ea Canada e boetse e tlaleha ho se tšoane ka thobalano ho atileng ha PIU. Ntle le moo, phuputso e entsoeng le batho ba baholo ba tsoang linaheng tse 9 tsa Europe e tlalehile hore PIU ka kakaretso e atile haholo ho basali ho feta banna. Liphapang tsena mabapi le phapang ea botona le botšehali ho PIU li ka bakoa ke liphapang tsa setso. Le ha ho le joalo, ho utloisisa liphapang tsena mabapi le phapang ea botona le botšehali ho ata ha PIU, ho lekola lits'ebeletso tse ikhethileng tse sebelisoang ke marang-rang ke batho ba batona le ba batšehali le tsona li lokela ho tsotelloa.

Thutong ea rona, tšebeletso ea inthanete e sebelisoang haholo har'a barupeluoa bohle e ne e le papali ea marang-rang e lateloang ke ho batla tlhahisoleseling, ho romella molaetsa kapa ho qoqa le ho ngola litaba. Leha ho le joalo, phetisetso ea lits'ebeletso tsa inthanete tse sebelisoang haholo e ne e fapane haholo lipakeng tsa bong. Le ha bashemane ba ne ba sebelisa marang-rang haholo bakeng sa papali ka ho fetisisa, banana ba ne ba sebelisa marang-rang bakeng sa ho ngolla blog le ho romella melaetsa kapa ho qoqa haholo. Litloaelo tsena li tsamaisana le se fumanoeng lithutong tse fetileng. Banana ba tlalehiloe ba na le monyetla oa ho sebelisa melaetsa ea hang-hang (74%) le lits'ebeletso tsa marang-rang (70%) ho feta bashanyana ba lilemo li 15 ho isa ho 17 (62% le 54%, ka ho latellana)., Dufour le ba bang e boetse e tlaleha hore karolo ea ts'ebeliso e feteletseng ea marang-rang a sechaba le li-blog e ne e phahame ho banana ho feta bashanyana. Ho fapana le moo, ts'ebeliso ea lipapali tsa marang-rang e tlalehiloe ka mokhoa o fapaneng hore e phahameng ho banna ho feta ho basali.,,, Le ha mabaka a hlakileng a phapang ena e amanang le thobalano ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang ha a utloisisehe hantle, lithuto tse fetileng ho hlalosa ho se tšoane ka thobalano ho kenelletseng papaling ea komporo ho tsepamisa maikutlo holima likarolo tse joalo ka dikahare le moralo oa lipapali tse tloaelehileng, pefo ea lipapali, likarolo tsa tlholisano ea lipapali, le tšebelisano ea sechaba ka har'a lipapali. Liphetho tsa rona bakeng sa ts'ebeliso e phahameng ea marang-rang bakeng sa ho ngolla libapali le meqoqo le tšebeliso e tlase ea marang-rang bakeng sa papali ho banana ho feta bashanyana li kanna tsa amana le bopaki bo netefalitsoeng ba hore basali ba sekametse linthong tse ngata, athe ba batona ba na le tlhaiso-leseling / mesebetsi e ikemiselitseng.

Thutong ea rona, palo ea batho ba nang le PIU e ne e le palo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ho basebelisi ba lipapali tsa inthanete (ho etsa karolo e fetang 50% ea sehlopha sohle sa PIU), mme karolelano ea menyetla bakeng sa PIU e ne e boetse e phahame haholo ho basebelisi ba lipapali tsa inthanete. Liphumano tsena li fana ka bopaki bo tšehetsang bokuli bo atileng bakeng sa papali ea marang-rang le ho kenyelletsoa ha bothata ba lipapali tsa inthanete lits'ebetsong tsa mekhoa ea tlhahlobo., Leha ho le joalo, matla a ho lemalla a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa marang-rang le ona a lokela ho hlokomeloa. Karolelano ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete e le ts'ebeletso e sebelisoang haholo ea marang-rang e ne e se holimo (0.8%) ebile e sa tloaelehe ho banana (0.1%). Leha ho le joalo, karo-karolelano ea PIU har'a ba neng ba sebelisa marang-rang haholo bakeng sa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ne e le eona e phahameng ka ho fetisisa, e leng se fanang ka maikutlo a matla a ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete ha li bapisoa le lits'ebeletso tse ling tsa marang-rang. Ho joalo, ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha se bothata bo hlahisoang ke marang-rang feela. Ho phehisanoe khang ea hore basebelisi ba fetelletseng ba marang-rang ha se bokhoba ba marang-rang empa ba sebelisa marang-rang feela e le mokhoa o itseng bakeng sa boitšoaro bo bong., Leha ho le joalo, lithuto tsa pejana li bontšitse hore tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa marang-rang e ntse e eketseha, 'me "palo e eketsehang ea makhetlo a mararo" (ho fumaneha, theko, le ho se tsejoe) e fanoeng ke marang-rang e ntlafalitse kotsi ea ts'ebeliso e mpe ea ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng. Ntle le moo, seo re se fumaneng ha se lumellane le liphetho tsa thuto e fetileng ea Rosenkranz et al e tlalehileng menyetla e tlase ea ho lemalla ea thobalano ha e bapisoa le papali ea chelete le papali ea chelete. Liphetho tsena tse khethollang mabapi le bokhoni bo eketsang maikutlo ba litaba tsa thobalano lipakeng tsa lithuto li ka bakoa ke liphapang tsa sechaba le tikoloho. Kahoo, lithuto tse tsoelang pele ho utloisisa le ho sireletsa bacha kotsing ea tšebeliso ea mathata a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete lia hlokahala.

Phumano e 'ngoe e hlokomelehang thutong ea rona ke kamano e kholo pakeng tsa karo-karolelano ea menyetla e mengata ea PIU le psychopathology, ho kenyelletsa khatello ea maikutlo le maikutlo a ho ipolaea le ho leka, e tsamaellanang le liphetho tsa thuto e fetileng e tlalehileng hore sehlopha sa baithuti ba nang le PIU se ne se khona ho bonts'a ho sithabela maikutlo le ho ipolaea le ho intša kotsi ho feta sehlopha se tloaelehileng sa inthanete. Haholo-holo hoa khahla hore karolo ea likarabo tsa 'e' ho likarolo tse nyahamisang, maikutlo a ho ipolaea le liteko tsa ho ipolaea li ne li phahame ho basebelisi ba melaetsa / ho qoqa le ho ngolla blog ho feta basebelisi ba lits'ebeletso tse ling, ntle le basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete, mme karolo ena e ne e le e tlase haholo ho basebelisi ba lipapali tsa inthanete. Liphumano tsena li bolela hore bacha ba tepelletseng maikutlong ba phehella ho sebelisana le marang-rang haholo ho feta boithabiso. Liphumano tsena li tsamaisana le thuto e fetileng hape e tlalehileng hore ho na le kotsi e phahameng ea khatello ea maikutlo ho baithuti ba nang le NIYO PIU ho feta ho baithuti ba nang le papali ea PIU. Ntle le moo, karolo ea likarabo tsa "ee" ho liketsahalo tse sithabetsang, maikutlo a ho ipolaea le teko ea ho ipolaea e ne e le holimo ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa marang-rang. Liphumano tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore ho sebelisa marang-rang bakeng sa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho amana le psychopathology e matla, joalo ka khatello ea maikutlo le ho ipolaea, hammoho le monyetla o matla oa ho lemalla.

sheba mefokolo ea

Boithuto ba rona bo na le mefokolo e meng e lokelang ho eloa hloko. Leha re entse thuto ka mohlala o moholo oa bacha, boithuto ba rona bo ipapisitse le sebopeho sa likarolo, se sitisang ho hlalosoa ha causality. Mohlala, liketsahalo tse sithabetsang, maikutlo a ho ipolaea le liteko tsa ho ipolaea li amahanngoa le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa PIU, 'me re sitoa ho tseba hore na ho etsa joalo ho joang. Kahoo, lithuto tsa nako e tlang tse nang le sebopeho sa bolelele bo telele li lumelletsoe. Taba ea bobeli, leha re lekile ho kenyelletsa lits'ebeletso tse fapaneng tsa marang-rang tseo bacha ba li sebelisang liphatlalatsong tsa lipotso, ha re kenyeletse lits'ebeletso tsohle. Mohlala, papali ea chelete ea inthanete ke e 'ngoe ea likhathatso tse kholo mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang, e neng e sa kenyelletsoa lipampiring tsa lipotso. Taba ea boraro, thuto ea rona e ne e thehiloe tlalehong ea bacha ba lilemong tsa bocha, e leng se ka emisang tlaleho eo. Ho tlaleha matšoao a lefu la kelello ho tsebahala hore ha hoa nepahala ho bafuputsi, joalo ka batsoali le bacha. Kahoo, ho fumana leseli ho tsoa ho bafuputsi ba bangata, ho kenyelletsa le batsoali, ho bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhahlobo e tobileng ea matšoao a kelello. Ka lehlohonolo, patlisiso e fetileng e tlaleha hore litlaleho tse ipapisitseng le bacha ba itlaleha ka matšoao a boloi bo lemalloang joalo ka joala le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi li ne li tsamaellana haholo le tlhahlobo ea 'nete ho feta litlaleho tse tsoang ho batsoali. Ntle le moo, re sebelisitse lintho tse nolofalitsoeng tsa tlhahlobo ho lekola khatello ea maikutlo, ho ipolaea, le liteko tsa ho ipolaea mme ha re kenye lisebelisoa tse netefalitsoeng tsa tlhahlobo. Leha lintho tsena tse nolofalitsoeng li ile tsa amoheloa ho ntlafatsa sekhahla sa karabelo ka lipotso tse ngata bakeng sa karolo e kholo ea sena, sena se ka baka khaello ea tlhaiso-leseling e qaqileng le tšitiso ea kamano ea 'nete lipakeng tsa PIU le psychology ea bacha, joalo ka khatello ea maikutlo le ho ipolaea. Kamora nako, tlhaiso-leseling ka litšobotsi tsa lelapa, joalo ka tšebelisano ea motsoali le ngoana le semelo sa botsoali, ha ea kenyelletsoa thutong, e leng ntho ea bohlokoa e tataisang PIU ho bacha. Kahoo, lithuto tsa nako e tlang ho kenyeletsa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi ea psychopathology ea bongoana le litšobotsi tsa lelapa ho tsoa ho bafani ba bangata li lokela ho netefatsa seo se fumanoeng.

Nahanisisa

Leha ho na le mefokolo e itseng, boithuto ba rona bo fumane tlhaiso-leseling ea bohlokoa ka bongaka mabapi le PIU ho bacha. Kabo ea lits'ebeletso tse sebelisoang haholo marang-rang e na le mekhoa e fapaneng e thehiloeng ho tsa thobalano. Ho ata ha PIU ho boetse ho bontšitse phapang e kholo e thehiloeng ts'ebelisong ea lits'ebeletso tse ikhethileng tsa inthanete. Lithuto tsa nako e tlang tsa PIU ka mekhoa e hlalositsoeng hantle le lithulusi tsa tlhahlobo bakeng sa ts'ebeletso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea marang-rang e hlokahala bakeng sa ho theha maano a ho sireletsa bacha ba motho ka mong kotsing ea PIU.

lumela hore baa fokola

Bangoli ba lakatsa ho leboha Lekala la Thuto, Letona la Bophelo le Boiketlo ba Sechaba, le Litsi tsa Taolo ea Mafu le Thibelo ea Maloetse Korea litsi tsa taolo ea mafu le thibelo ea mafu, tse faneng ka tlhaiso-leseling e tala.

Tlhaloso ea lithuso

Mosebetsi ona o ne o tšehelitsoe ke thuso ea National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) e tšehelitsoeng ke mmuso oa Korea (MSIP; Lekala la Saense, ICT le Moralo oa Bokamoso) (NRF-2018R1C1B5041143).

Menehelo ea Mongoli

Bangoli bohle ba entse tlatsetso e kholo molemong oa mohopolo le moralo, ho fumana data, kapa ho sekaseka le ho hlalosa boitsebiso; o nkile karolo ho qoposeng sengoloa kapa ho se ntlafatsa ka botebo molemong oa litaba tsa bohlokoa; e fane ka tumello ea ho qetela ea hore phetolelo e phatlalatsoe; mme o dumelle ho ikarabella bakeng sa likarolo tsohle tsa mosebetsi.

senoloa ha

Bangoli ba tlaleha hore ha ho lintoa tse thahasellisang mosebetsing ona.

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