Mekhoa e metle ea lerato la nako e telele ea lerato (2011)

Soc Cog e ama Neurosci doi: 10.1093 / scan / nsq092

E phatlalalitsoe pele inthaneteng: January 5, 2011

Bianca P. Acevedo1, Arthur Aron1, Helen E. Fisher2 'me Lucy L. Brown3

+ Boikarabello ba Mongoli

  1. 1Lefapha la Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA, 2Lefapha la Anthropology, Univesithi ea Rutgers, le 3Lefapha la Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
  2. Ngollano e lokela ho lebisoa ho Bianca P. Acevedo, Lefapha la Psychology, Univesithi ea Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. Imeile: [imeile e sirelelitsoe]
  3. E amohetse March 12, 2010.
  4. E amohetse Mphalane 10, 2010.

inahaneloang

Phuputso ea hajoale e hlahlobile li-neural correlates tsa lerato la nako e telele la lerato le sebelisang litšoantšo tse sebetsang tsa matla a khoheli (fMRI). Basali ba leshome le banna ba 7 ba nyetse ka karolelano ea lilemo tse 21.4 ba le fMRI ha ba ntse ba shebile litšoantšo tsa sefahleho tsa molekane oa bona. Litšoantšo tsa taolo li ne li kenyelletsa motho eo a mo tloaetseng haholo; motsoalle ea haufi, oa nako e telele; le motho ea sa tsebeng letho. Liphello tse ikhethileng ho molekane ea ratoang haholo, molekane oa nako e telele li fumanoe ho: (i) libaka tsa moputso o ruileng oa dopamine le sisteme ea basal ganglia, joalo ka ventral tegmental area (VTA) le dorsal striatum, e tsamaellanang le sephetho sa nako ea pele. lithuto tsa lerato la maikutlo a lerato; le (ii) libaka tse 'maloa tse amehang ho khokahano ea bo-mme, joalo ka globus pallidus (GP), substantia nigra, khubu ea Raphe, thalamus, insular cortex, anterior cingulate le posterior cingulate. Khokahano ea tšebetso ea methapo ea kutlo libakeng tse khahlisang tse nang le lipotso tsa lipotso tse sebelisoang haholo e bontšitse: (i) VTA le likarabo tsa caudate tse tsamaellanang le lintlha tsa lerato la maikutlo le ho kenyeletsoa tse ling ka bohona; (ii) Likarabo tsa GP tse tsamaellanang le lintlha tsa lerato tse thehiloeng botsoalleng; (iii) hypothalamus le posterior hippocampus likarabo tse amanang le maqhubu a thobalano; le (iv) caudate, septum / fornix, posterior cingulate le posterior hippocampus likarabo tse amanang le ho cheseha. Ka kakaretso, liphetho li fana ka maikutlo a hore ho batho ba bang boleng ba moputso bo amanang le molekane oa nako e telele bo ka ts'ehetsoa, ​​joalo ka lerato le lecha, empa hape bo kenyelletsa litsamaiso tsa boko tse amehang ho khokahanong le tlamo ea bobeli.

SELELEKELA

Ka makholo a lilemo, batho ba 'nile ba nahana ka liphiri tsa lerato la baratani. Potso e le 'ngoe e makalitseng litsebi tsa thuto, litsebi le batho ke hore na lerato le matla le ka tšoarella. Likhopolo tse ling li fana ka maikutlo a hore lerato lea fokotseha ha nako e ntse e feta lenyalong kapa kamora lilemo tsa ho holisa bana (Sternberg, 1986; Bese, 1989). Likhopolo tse ling li fana ka maikutlo a hore ha nako e ntse e ea, lerato le matla / le ratanang, le hlalosoang e le "boemo ba tlholohelo e matla ea kopano le motho e mong" ka kakaretso le fetoha lerato la bolekane-le botsoalle bo tebileng, botsoalle bo bonolo le ho arolelana lithahasello tse tšoanang, empa eseng hakaalo ho kenyelletsa matla, thobalano takatso, kapa ho hoheloa (Berscheid le Hatfield, 1969; Grote le Frieze, 1994). Litsebi tse ling tsa kelello li bile tsa nahana hore boteng ba takatso e matla manyalong a nako e telele ka linako tse ling bo kanna ba ba teng, empa ke sesupo sa maikutlo a fetelletseng kapa bolwetse (Freud, 1921; Fromm, 1956). Leha ho le joalo, likhopolo tse ling li fana ka maikutlo a hore ho ka ba le mekhoa eo lerato la lerato le ka tiisoang ka eona kamora nako likamanong. Khopolo-taba ea rona ea pele e ne e le hore lerato la nako e telele la ho ratana le tšoana le lerato la pele-pele la maikutlo. Re boletse esale pele hore sehlopha sa batho ba nyalaneng ba thabileng ba tlalehang lerato le matla bakeng sa balekane ba bona ba nako e telele (≥ lilemo tse 10) ba tla bonts'a ts'ebetso ea methapo libakeng tse ruileng tsa dopamine tse amanang le moputso le tšusumetso, haholo-holo VTA, joalo ka liphuputsong tse fetileng tsa pele- lerato la sethaleng ()Bartels le Zeki, 2000; Arone et al a., 2005; Mokgatlo et al a., 2007; Xu et al a., 2010). Re sebelisitse mekhoa e sebetsang ea imaging resonance imaging (fMRI) e sebelisitsoeng ke lipatlisiso tse fetileng tsa lerato la maikutlo a lerato (Arone et al a., 2005).

Khopolo-taba ea rona ea bobeli e ne e le hore litlamo tse peli tsa nako e telele li arolelana lipotoloho tsa methapo le likamano tsa motsoali le masea. Bowlby (1969) o hlahisitse mohopolo oa hae oa ho ikamahanya le batho ka ho sheba likamano tsa bahlokomeli ba bana mme a etsa tlhahiso ea hore 'sistimi ea likhokahano' e hokahanye le ho batla ho ba haufi le motho ea hoketsoeng. Ho tloha ka nako eo, lithuto li sebelisitse mohopolo oa khokahano likamanong tsa batho ba baholo ba ratanang (Hazan le Shaver, 1987; Mikulincer le Shaver, 2007) le bafuputsi ba bang ba fanang ka maikutlo a hore maqhama a mabeli le maqhama a motsoali le masea a arolelana likaroloana tse tloaelehileng tsa likokoana-hloko (Fisher, 1992; Carter, 1998). Kahoo, mosebetsi oa ho hokela batho ba baholo o hahiloe holima mohopolo oa hore litlamo tse peli ke motheo oa batho ba baholo oa ho khomarela bongoaneng (Ainsworth, 1991).

Re batlisitse li-neural correlates tsa lerato la nako e telele le maikutlo a lerato ka ho sebelisa fMRI sehlopheng sa banyalani ba thabileng ba nako e telele, batho ba bong bo le bong ba tlalehang lerato le matla ho balekane ba bona. Re ile ra pheta mekhoa e sebelisitsoeng ho Arone et al a(2005) Phuputso ea fMRI ea lerato le matla la lerato la pele-pele, moo barupeluoa ba neng ba sheba litšoantšo tsa sefahleho tsa molekane oa bona le motho eo ba mo tloaetseng ea lumellang papiso e tobileng le e laoloang ea liphetho lipakeng tsa lithuto. Re boletse esale pele hore lerato la nako e telele le tla kenyelletsa libaka tse nang le bokooa bo nang le bokooa bo amanang le moputso, haholoholo sebaka sa ventral tegmental (VTA), se tlalehiloeng liphuputsong tse 'maloa tsa lerato la pele-pele la maikutlo a lerato (Bartels le Zeki, 2000; Arone et al a., 2005; Mokgatlo et al a., 2007; Xu et al a., 2010).

Re kentse taolo bakeng sa kopano ea sechaba ka ho kenyelletsa motsoalle ea haufi, oa nako e telele joalo ka sepheo sa papiso. Taolo ea kamano ea sechaba e re lumelletse ho lekola liketsahalo tse amanang le lihokelo ho arabela molekane. Sena e ne e le sa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho lekola lintho tse tloaelehileng tse fumanoeng bakeng sa litlamo tse peli lipatlisisong tsa hajoale le lithuto tse fetileng tsa litlamo tsa motsoali le masea (Bartels le Zeki, 2004; Strathearn et al a., 2008). Re ne re lebelletse hore ts'ebetso e tla arabela molekane ho libaka tsa boko tse amanang le sehokelo se hlalosoang e le tlamo e khethollang ea sechaba / maikutlo (Bowlby, 1969). Libaka tsa rona tse khahlisang, haholo-holo globus pallidus (GP), li ne li ipapisitse le lithuto tsa batho tsa ho nka litšoantšo tsa bo-mme (Bartels le Zeki, 2004; Strathearn et al a., 2008) le lithuto tsa liphoofolo tsa ho kopanya maqhama (Young et al a., 2001). Kamora nako, re tsamaisitse khokahano ea tšebetso ea methapo ea kutlo le mehato e sebelisitsoeng haholo ea lipotso tsa lerato la maikutlo a lerato, takatso e fetelletseng, ho kenyelletsa tse ling ho IOS, lerato le thehiloeng botsoalleng, bolelele ba likamano le makhetlo a thobalano.

Bafuputsi ba likamano ba buile ka lintlha tse ling tsa lerato tse nang le thuso ha ho nahanoa ka monyetla oa lerato la nako e telele la ho ratana. Hendrick le Hendrick (1992) ho nahanoa hore batho ba ea ka tatellano ea nts'etsopele ea mekhoa ea lerato, ka Mania (kapa takatso e fetelletseng) e le sebapali sa bacha, a fetoha Eros (lerato la maikutlo a lerato) ho tloha bohlankaneng ba pele, Storge (ho tšoana le lerato la bolekane) le Pragma (lerato la pragmatic) ho lilemo tse bohareng mme qetellong ea ba Agape (lerato le fanang ka tsohle) maemong a morao-rao a bophelo.

Phuputso e 'ngoe e fana ka maikutlo a hore ho kanna ha ba le mekhoa eo lerato la lerato le ka matlafatsoang kapa la eketsoa maemong ohle a likamano. Mohlala, mokhoa oa ho ikatisa (Aron le Aron, 1986) e sisinya hore lerato la maikutlo ke boiphihlelo ba ho ikatisa ka potlako ka ho kenyelletsa motho ea itseng ka boeena (Arone et al a., 1996). Mekhahlelong ea pele ea likamano, balekane ba ba le boithaopo bo potlakileng ha ba ntse ba ithuta le ho kopanya likarolo tse ncha tsa moratuoa. Menyetla ea keketseho e potlakileng-e atisang ho fokotseha ha banyalani ba tsebana hantle-e ka bolokoa haeba balekane ba ntse ba tsoela pele ho hola, ba bonana e le bocha 'me ba atoloha ka tsela ea kamano. Moelelo o mong oa mohlala ke hore ho nka karolo ho arolelanoeng ke banyalani mananeong le mesebetsing e phephetsang, haeba ho se khatello e fetelletseng, ho ka khothaletsa keketseho ea lerato la lerato ha boleng ba moputso bo amanang le boiphihlelo bo amahanngoa le kamano (Arone et al a., 2000). Kahoo, re sebelisitse sekala sa IOS ho lekanya kamano ea sona le mesebetsi e amanang le moputso, haholo-holo ho VTA. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, mofuta oa kamano e haufi o fana ka maikutlo a hore keketseho e potlakileng ea kamano e haufi e khothaletsa keketseho ea takatso e matla (Baumeister le Bratslavsky, 1999).

Acevedo le Aron (2009) fana ka maikutlo a hore lerato le matla la lerato (ka matla, boitlamo le takatso ea thobalano) le teng likamanong tse ling tsa nako e telele, empa ka kakaretso ntle le karolo ea takatso e tloaelehileng mekhatlong ea pele ea likamano. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, Tennov (1979) bukeng ea hae e buang ka lerato le limerance e hlalosa kamoo batho ba bang ba baholo ba manyalong a thabileng ba arabang ka tieo ho ba 'leratong', empa ho fapana le ba likamanong tsa 'limerant', ha baa ka ba tlaleha monahano o tsoelang pele le o sa batleheng. Qetellong, lipuisano tse tebileng tse entsoeng ke setho sa sehlopha sa rona sa lipatlisiso (BPA) li fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba bang ba lerato la nako e telele ba tlaleha matšoao a tloaelehileng ho batho ba sa tsoa ratana: ho labalabela bonngoe, ho tsepamisa maikutlo, ho eketsa matla ha ba na le molekane, tšusumetso ea ho etsa lintho tse thabisang molekane, khoheli ea thobalano le ho nahana ka molekane ha ba arohane. Kahoo, re qalile phuputsong ena ho hlahloba hore na ts'ebetso ea sistimi ea boko ho ba tlaleha hore ba ratana haholo kamora lilemo tse 10 e ka ts'oana joang le ho fapana le lerato la pele-pele.

METHODA

barupeluoa ba

Barupeluoa e ne e le 17 (basali ba 10) ba phetseng hantle, ba nang le letsoho le letona, ba lilemo li 39-67 lilemo (M = 52.85, sd = 8.91); o nyetse lilemo tse 10–29 (M = 21.4, sd = 5.89) ho molekane oa bong bo fapaneng, le bana ba 0-4 (M  = 1.9) ba neng ba lula ka tlung ka nako ea thuto (ba bararo ba ne ba sena bana mme ba 10 ba na le bana). Barupeluoa ba supileng ba ne ba le lenyalong la pele (bakeng sa balekane ka bobeli), mme ba 10 ba ne ba le manyalong moo molekane a le mong kapa bobeli ba bona ba neng ba hlalane pele. Ka karolelano, bankakarolo ba ne ba qetile lilemo tse 16 (sd = 1.09) tsa thuto mme ba bile le lekeno la lelapa la selemo le selemo ho tloha ho $ 100 000- $ 200 000. Sebopeho sa sampuli se ne se le ka tsela e latelang: 2 (12%) Asia-American, 2 (12 %) Latino / a le 13 (76%) Caucasian.

Barupeluoa ba ile ba thaothoa ka lipapatso tsa molomo, lipampiri le lipapatso tsa likoranta sebakeng sa New York Metropolitan ba botsa, 'Na u ntse u ratana ka bohlanya le molekane oa hau oa nako e telele?' Batho ka bomong ba ile ba hlahlojoa ka mohala bakeng sa litekanyetso tsa ho tšoaneleha ho kenyeletsoa bolelele ba kamano (> lilemo tse 10), ho se sebelise lithibela-mafu, lithibelo tsa fMRI, ho nyalana le motho a le mong le maikutlo a lerato le matla. Hoo e ka bang karolo ea 40% ea bao e ka bang bankakarolo ba khelositsoe ka lebaka la ho se fihlelle litekanyetso. Barupeluoa bohle ba fane ka tumello e nang le tsebo mme ba fumana tefo bakeng sa ho nka karolo ha bona. Phuputso e ile ea amoheloa ke likomiti tsa lithuto tsa batho Univesithing ea Stony Brook le Univesithing ea New York.

Lipotso tsa lipotso

Barupeluoa ba qetile betri ea lipotso tse kenyeletsang Passionate Love Scale (Hatfield le Sprecher, 1986) le Eros subscale ea Lerato la Boikutlo ba Lerato (Hendrick le Hendrick, 1986ho lekanya lerato le matla / la maikutlo; Tekanyo ea IOS (Arone et al a., 1992) ho lekanya katamelano; le sekala sa lerato se thehiloeng botsoalleng (FBLS; Grote le Frieze, 1994) ho lekola botsoalle (kapa lerato la molekane). Barupeluoa ba boetse ba tlaleha maqhubu a thobalano le balekane ba bona le palo ea batho ba bang ba kamano.

E hlohlelletsa

Lifoto tsa 'mala oa sefahleho tsa litšusumetso tse' ne bakeng sa motho e mong le e mong ea nkang karolo li ile tsa hlahisoa ka dijithale mme tsa hlahisoa ho sebelisoa software ea E-Prime 2.0 (Psychological Software Tools, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA). Litaolo tsohle e ne e le batho ba bong bo tšoanang mme ba ne ba ka lekana lilemo tse tšoanang le molekane. Mekhoa le li-sd tsa mefuta e hlalosang sepheo sa sepheo li fanoa ho Letlapa le tlatsetsang S1.

Litekanyetso tsa Postscan

Hang hang kamora sete sa lipontšo tsa litšoantšo, ha ba ntse ba le ho skena, barupeluoa ba ile ba lekanya matla a maikutlo a susumetsoang ke ts'usumetso e ngoe le e ngoe. Litaelo tse baliloeng 'bakeng sa karolo ena ea boithuto u tla bona letoto la mantsoe a maikutlo skrineng. Ka kopo lekanya hore na u utloile maikutlo a tebileng hakae ha u ntse u shebile litšoantšo tsa {target person}. Ka kopo sebelisa sekala se latelang sa karabo: 1 = ho hang, 2 = hanyane, 3 = hanyane, 4 = ho hoholo '. Litaelo li ne li ts'oana le ts'usumetso e ngoe le e ngoe, ntle le {target person}, e ile ea nkeloa sebaka ke 'molekane oa hau', 'motho eo u mo tloaetseng', 'bao u tloaelaneng le bona hanyane' kapa 'bao u ba tloaetseng'. Maikutlo a lekantsoeng e ne e le qenehelo, setsoalle, thabo, boikakaso, lerato, takatso e matla le takatso ea thobalano. Liphetho li hlahisoa ka Setšoantšo sa 1.

Feie. 1  

Litekanyo tsa matla a maikutlo a Postscan. The y-axis e bonts'a moelelo oa litekanyetso tse matla tse fanoang ke bankakarolo ho molekane oa bona oa nako e telele, ea ratoang haholo (Molekane), motsoalle oa hlooho ea khomo (CF), motho ea tloaelaneng le lehlakore (HFN) le motho ea tloaelaneng le maemo a sa jeleng paate (LFN). Lintlha tse 1 ha li bontše ho hang 'me tse 4 li bontša ho hongata haholo. Libaka li bontša ± sd

Bao re Sebetsang

Balekane ba ne ba tsejoa e le moelelo oa lilemo tse 24.18 (sd = 6.42). Lintlha tse bolelang lipotso tse amanang le molekane e ne e le: sekhahla sa lerato se matla (PLS) = 5.51 (sd = 0.36), Eros = 5.76 (sd = 0.26), IOS = 5.82 (sd = 1.59), FBLS = 6.48 (sd = 0.77), kaofela ka sekala sa lintlha tse 7. Maqhubu a thobalano a beke le beke e ne e le 2.20 (sd = 1.85). Litekanyo tsa matla a maikutlo a Postscan li ne li le kholo haholo (P <0.01) ha bankakarolo ba shebile litšoantšo tsa Molekane oa bona vs lintho tse ling tse reretsoeng ho susumetsa mantsoe ohle a maikutlo, ntle le 'setsoalle' li ne li sa fapana le motsoalle ea haufi.

Motsoalle ea haufi

Motsoalle oa hlooho ea khomo (CF) e ne e le motho eo morupeluoa a neng a e-na le kamano e haufi, e ntle, e sebelisanang (empa e se ea marato) mme o ne a tsejoa ka nako e telele joalo ka Molekane. Ba bararo e ne e le banab'eso, e mong e ne e le motsoala, ba babeli e ne e le bo-matsale, ba robong e ne e le metsoalle 'me ba babeli e ne e le basebetsi-'moho. Barupeluoa ba tlalehile kamano e haufi le setsoalle le CF. Joalokaha ho boletsoe, boemo ba setsoalle ba postscan bo ne bo sa fapana haholo le CF le Partner, t(11) = 0.94, P > 0.05, e ts'ehetsang ts'ebeliso ea CF joalo ka taolo e nepahetseng bakeng sa setsoalle.

Ho se nke lehlakore haholo

Ho thusa ho laola boits'oaro, motho ea sa jeleng paate (HFN) e ne e le motsoalle ea 'sa nke lehlakore' ea tsejoang ka nako e telele joalo ka Partner, empa a le haufi haholo le Partner kapa CF. HFN le eona e lekantsoe e le tlase haholo ho maikutlo a setsoalle a postscan mabapi le Partner [t(11) = 5.86 = P <0.001] le CF [t(11) = 4.00, P <0.01], e ts'ehetsang ts'ebeliso ea HFN joalo ka taolo ea ho tloaelana, empa eseng bakeng sa katamelano kapa setsoalle.

Ho se jele paate ho tloaelehileng

Ho tsoela pele ho laola boits'oaro le ho fana ka tlhahlobo e otlolohileng haholoanyane ea litlamorao ka ho e bapisa le HFN, LFN e ne e tsejoa lilemo tse fokolang haholo mme e ne e le haufi haholo ho feta lipheo tse ling. Litekanyetso tsa maikutlo tsa HFN le LFN kaofela li ne li le tlase ha li bapisoa le Partner le CF.

Mosebetsi oa ho khutlela morao

Ho latela mekhoa ho Arone et al a. (2005), Ho fokotsa litlamorao tsa koloi, lits'oants'o tsohle tsa sefahleho li ile tsa lateloa ke mosebetsi oa tšitiso ea ho khutlela morao. Barupeluoa ba ile ba botsoa ho bala ho khutlela morao ho tsoa palo e phahameng (mohlala, 2081) ka likeketso tsa tse supileng. Litaelo li fanoe pele le ka nako ea ho sekena.

Khahleho le boleng ba setšoantšo

Lifoto tsohle li ne li lekantsoe bakeng sa ho hohela sefahleho le boleng ba setšoantšo ke li-raters tse ikemetseng tse tšeletseng (basali ba bararo le banna ba bararo) ba lilemo tse ka bang lilemo tse tšoanang le barupeluoa ba rona. Boleng ba setšoantšo bo lekantsoe ke li-coders tsohle tse tšeletseng, empa botle bo ne bo lekantsoe feela ke li-coders tsa bong bo fapaneng e le tšusumetso. Lintlha tsa ho hohela ka mokhoa oa ho hohela li ne li hokahane ka mokhoa o lekaneng (α = 0.66 bakeng sa litheko tsa basali le 0.91 bakeng sa likhahla tsa banna). Bakeng sa ho hohela, litekanyetso tse ikemetseng tsa likhoutu ha lia ka tsa fapana haholo ho mefuta eohle ea sepheo sa sepheo, F(3, 64) = 0.94, ns. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ho ne ho se na phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa boleng ba setšoantšo se lekantsoeng ka coder, F(3, 64) = 0.63, ns. Ho ne ho se na mekhatlo ea bohlokoa ea Partner ntle le HFN e lekantsoeng ka lintlha tse khahlang tse nang le likarabo tsa methapo bakeng sa Molekane vs Phapang ea HFN kapa ea Partner tlasa CF coder e lekantsitse lintlha tsa phapang e khahlang ka likarabo tsa neural bakeng sa Partner vs Phapang ea CF. Kahoo, ho bonahala eka Molekane vs HFN le Molekane vs Liphapang tsa ts'ebetso ea CF li ne li sa bakoe ke liphapang tse khahlisang ponahalong ea sefahleho.

Mekhoa ea ho sekena

Protocol e sebelisitse moralo oa li-block tsa li-session tsa 12-min e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e nang le lihlopha tse tšeletseng tsa mesebetsi e mene ea 30-s ka tsela e fapanyetsanang, e lateloang ke lintlha tsa khothatso. Seboka ka seng se ne se kenyelletsa litšoantšo tse peli tse fapaneng (ho qala setšoantšo se lekantsoeng), se kentsoeng ka mosebetsi oa ho khutlisa. Mekhoa ea ho kopitsa ea Arone et al a. (2005), Session 1 e bonts'a litšoantšo tsa Partner le HFN. Bakeng sa papiso e eketsehileng ea taolo, Session 2 e bontšitse litšoantšo tsa CF le LFN. Barupeluoa ba ile ba laeloa hore ba nahane ka liphihlelo le motho e mong le e mong ea khothatsang, ka tlhaho. Ho lekola hore na litaelo li lateloa, ho buisaneng barupeluoa ba ile ba botsoa ho hlalosa menahano le maikutlo a bona ha ba ntse ba shebile litšusumetso.

Ho fumana lintlha le tlhahlobo

Tlhatlhobo ea MRI e ile ea etsoa Setsing sa NYU sa ho Nahana ka Brain ho sebelisoa sistimi ea imaging ea 3T Nokia ea matla a khoheli e nang le kela ea hlooho ea NOVA. Taba ea mantlha, ho ile ha fumanoa lisekena tsa anatomical. Ka mor'a moo, litšoantšo tse sebetsang li ile tsa fumanoa. Meqolo ea pele e mene e ile ea lahloa ho lumella calibration ea scanner, e hlahisang litšoantšo tse sebetsang tsa 360, ka bongata ba likarolo tsa 30, 3-mm axial (0 mm gap) tse koahelang boko bohle. Boholo ba litšoantšo tsa Voxel e ne e le 3 × 3 × 3 mm. Nako ea ho pheta-pheta (TR) ea 2000 ms e sebelisitsoe, e nang le TE ea 30 ms, 90 ° flip.

Lintlha li ile tsa hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa SPM2 (http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm). Bakeng sa ho nts'etsapele, meqolo e sebetsang ea EPI e ile ea abeloa moqolo oa pele (motsamao o lokisitsoe), oa ntlafatsoa ka kernel ea Gaussian ea 6 mm ebe e hlophisoa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng ho template ea anatomical. Litšoantšo li ile tsa hlahlojoa hore li sisinyehe 'me ha ho motho ea nkang karolo ea bonts'itseng motsamao> 3 mm (voxel e felletseng). Kamora ho etsa esale pele, phapang ea ts'ebetso e ile ea etsoa (Partner vs HFN, Molekane vs CF, CF vs HFN, CF vs LFN le HFN vs LFN). Liphello tsa maemo a hlasimollang li ne li hakanngoa hore li sebelisa li-box-car regressor tse kholotsoeng ka tšebetso ea karabelo ea hemodynamic, ka thoko ho motsayakarolo ka mong. Litlhahlobo li ile tsa etsoa ho sebelisoa mefuta e fapaneng ea litlamorao tse nang le litlamorao tse fapaneng, 'me bankakarolo e le sesosa sa litlamorao le maemo a sa fetoheng.

Sebaka sa tlhahlobo ea phaello

Re behile likhokahanyo tsa sebaka sa thahasello (ROI) khubung ea lits'ebetso tse tlalehiloeng ke lithuto tsa lerato la pele-pele la baratani (Bartels le Zeki, 2000; Arone et al a., 2005; Mokgatlo et al a., 2007) le khokahano ea bakhachane (Bartels le Zeki, 2004; Strathearn et al a., 2008). Ntle le moo, re thehile li-ROI tse ipapisitseng le li-voxels tse phahameng tse batliloeng ke Arone et al a. (2005) ho bona Lethathamo 1 bakeng sa moputso le maikutlo. Re amohetse FDR bakeng sa tokiso ea lipapiso tse ngata (Genovese et al a., 2002) ka monyako oa P ≤ 0.05. Li-ROI li nkile radius ea 3-mm. Libaka tsa anatomic li netefalitsoe ka 'Atlas of the Brain Botho' (Mai et al a., 2008). Fuoa rona a priori likhopolo-taba, le ho pheta-pheta ha rona mekhoa ho tloha Arone et al a(2005) re ithuta ka lerato la sethaleng sa pele-pele, re ile ra qala ho thahasella Molekane vs Phapang ea HFN.

Lethathamo 1  

Libaka tsa ts'ebetso ea phaello le ho emisoa ho bonts'a likarabo litšoantšong tsa Partner vs litšoantšo tsa batho bao a ba tloaetseng haholo

Leha ho le joalo, re boetse re entse liteko tsa ROI ka har'a Partner vs Phapang ea CF, e thusang ho laola setsoalle se haufi, ho amohela FDR ka monyako oa P  ≤ 0.05. Ntle le moo, ho lekola hape libaka tse ka sebelisoang hangata ho molekane le motsoalle ea haufi, boko bohle t-map bakeng sa Molekane vs Phapang ea HFN e sebelisitsoe e le mask o kenyelletsang CF vs Phapang ea LFN, le bakeng sa CF vs Phapang ea HFN. Re sebelisitse moeli oa boemo ba voxel P <0.005Kampe et al a., 2003; Ochsner et al a., 2004), ka bonyane sebaka sa sebaka sa -15 li-voxels tse kopaneng. Mokhoa ona o boloka mekhoa e metle ka hore o hloka ts'ebetso e kholo bakeng sa phapang ka bobeli.

Re boetse re sebelisitse mokhoa oa ho pata masking le HFN vs Phapang ea LFN ho lekola lits'ebetso tse tloaelehileng le Partner vs Phapang ea HFN.

Ho hlahloba tlhahlobo ea kelello e felletseng

Bakeng sa ho fuputsa, re ile ra etsa liteko tsa bong bo felletseng ho Molekane vs Phapang ea HFN moo re sebelisitseng monyako oa P ≤ 0.001 (e sa nepisoang bakeng sa papiso e mengata) e nang le sebaka se fokolang sa libaka tsa li-voxels tse 15 tse amanang. Liphetho li tlalehiloe ka Letlapa le tlatsetsang S2.

Litumellano

Kamora nako, re ile ra etsa litlhahlobo tse bonolo tsa khatello ea maikutlo (khokahano) le lipalo ho PLS, Eros, IOS, FBLS, maqhubu a thobalano (ho laola lilemo) le bolelele ba kamano. Re phethile likamano tse peli bakeng sa PLS, e 'ngoe e na le lintho tse amanang le lerato' me e 'ngoe e na le lintho tse amanang le takatso e matla joalo ka ha ho khothalelitsoe ke tlhahlobo ea lintlha tsa PLS likamanong tsa nako e teleleAcevedo le Aron, 2009). Lintho tse shebelletseng lintho li ne li le ka tsela e latelang: 'Ka linako tse ling ke utloa eka ha ke khone ho laola menahano ea ka; ba shebile molekane oa ka haholo ',' Ho phela ntle le molekane oa ka ho ka ba lefifi mme hoa nyahamisa 'mme' Ke tepella haholo ha lintho li sa tsamaee hantle kamanong ea ka le molekane oa ka '.

Correlation e ne e etsoa ho sebelisoa lintlha tsa motho e mong le e mong sehlopheng sa ho itlaleha, ntle le makhetlo a thobalano. Bakeng sa makhetlo a thobalano, re laoloa bakeng sa lilemo ka ho qala ho etsa mekhahlelo e fapaneng (ka makhetlo a thobalano joalo ka DV le lilemo joalo ka IV) ho fumana masalla. Masalla a maqhubu a thobalano (ho laola lilemo) a ne a tsamaisoa le ts'ebetso ea boko. Bakeng sa IOS, re balile phapang ea lintlha tsa IOS lipakeng tsa Partner le CF bakeng sa morupeluoa e mong le e mong.

Likamano tsa PLS, Eros le FBLS li ile tsa etsoa ho Partner vs Phapang ea HFN. Likopano tsa IOS le bolelele ba likamano li ne li etsoa kahare ho Partner vs Phapang ea CF le taolo bakeng sa katamelano. Re hlahlobile li-ROI (ho amohela FDR ka moeli oa P ≤ 0.05) ho ipapisitse le liphetho tsa lithuto tsa lerato la pele-sethaleng la marato (Bartels le Zeki, 2000; Arone et al a., 2005; Mokgatlo et al a., 2007le lerato la bo-mme (Bartels le Zeki, 2004). Re ne re ikemiselitse ho pheta tse ling tsa liphumano tse fetileng tsa khokahano (Arone et al a., 2005), mme a beha setsi sa li-ROI ho likhokahanyo tse tšoanang tse tlalehiloeng pejana hore li amana le PLS le bolelele ba likamano.

LIPOTSO

Bao re Sebetsang vs Phapang ea HFN

Lethathamo 1 e bonts'a likhokahanyo tsa ts'ebetso ea methapo ea kutlo e ipapisitseng le tlhahlobo ea ROI bakeng sa Partner vs Phapang ea HFN. Mohloli oa lingoliloeng tsa ROI ka 'ngoe o bontšoa ke sehloohoana (a, b, c, d, e) ho Lethathamo 1.

Litlhahlobo tsa ROI li bonts'itse ts'ebetso e kholo [P(FDR) <0.05) libakeng tsa VTA (Setšoantšo sa 2A), SN (Setšoantšo sa 2A), NAcc, caudate, putamen, posterior GP, mOFC, thalamus, hypothalamus, mid-insula, posterior hippocampus, insular cortex, dorsal Raphe nuclei, PAG, anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate, amygdala le cerebellum.

Feie. 2  

(ABatho ka bomong ba itlalehang lerato le matla bakeng sa molekane oa nako e telele ba bonts'a ts'ebetso e matla ea methapo libakeng tse ruileng tsa dopamine, meputso ea VTA / SN ho arabela litšoantšo tsa molekane oa bona vs motho eo u mo tloaetseng haholo (HFN). (BSetšoantšo le ho hasanya morero o bonts'a kamano lipakeng tsa karabelo ea bokooa ho VTA le Partner minus motsoalle oa hlooho ea khomo (CF), Kenyelletso ea Lintho Tse Ling ho Self (IOS). Ho ba haufi haholo le Partner ho ne ho amahanngoa le karabelo e kholo ho VTA ea Partner vs CF. (CSetšoantšo le setšoantšo sa hasanya se bonts'a kamano lipakeng tsa karabelo ea boko ho NAcc / Caudate le palo ea lilemo tse nyetsoeng ke molekane. Lilemo tse kholo tsa lenyalo li ne li amahanngoa le karabelo e matla ho NAcc / Caudate bakeng sa Molekane (vs CF). (DSetšoantšo le setšoantšo sa hasanya se bontšang karabelo e kholo ho Molekane (vs HFN) tikolohong ea hippocampus e kamorao e amahanngoa le maqhubu a phahameng a thobalano.

Kahoo, joalo ka ha ho boletsoe esale pele, ts'ebetso ea lerato la nako e telele ea lerato e fumanoe ho mesolimbic, litsamaiso tse ruileng tsa moputso. Haholo-holo, re ne re thahasella VTA, joalo ka ha ho tlalehiloe liphuputsong tse ngata tsa lerato la pele-pele la baratani (Bartels le Zeki, 2000; Arone et al a., 2005; Mokgatlo et al a., 2007; Fisher et al a., 2010; Xu et al a., 2010). Ho hlahlojoa ha merero ea nako ea lithuto ho bonts'a ts'ebetso ea VTA e ile ea fihla sehlohlolong nakong ea liteko tsa 20 tsa teko ka 'ngoe ho arabela molekane.

Libaka tse tloaelehileng ho lerato la nako ea pele le la nako e telele

Libaka tse atisang ho ts'oaroa ke lerato la mekhahlelo ea pele (le fumanoeng lithutong tse fetileng) le lerato la nako e telele la maikutlo a lerato le kenyelletsa VTA e nepahetseng le 'mele o ka morao oa caudate; 'mele o kopantsoeng ka hare ho naha, bohareng ba insula le hippocampus ea morao-rao; 'me a tlohela cerebellum. Amygdala e nepahetseng e bonts'itse ts'ebetso ea lerato la sethaleng sa pele, ha amygdala ea leqele e bonts'a ts'ebetso ea sehlopha sa lerato sa nako e telele.

Libaka tse tloaelehileng leratong la bo-mme le lerato la nako e telele la baratani

Libaka tse atisang ho sebelisoa ke lerato la bo-mme (Bartels le Zeki, 2004; Strathearn et al a., 2008) le lerato la nako e telele la lerato le kenyelelitse VTA / SN e nepahetseng, PAG le hypothalamus; linaha tse peli SN, anterior caudate, putamen, posterior GP, thalamus, mid-insula, dorsal Raphe le posterior cingulate; lehlakoreng le letšehali le kantle la cortex.

Libaka tse tloaelehileng ho lerato la bo-mme, nako ea pele le lerato la nako e telele

Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ho Lethathamo 1, libaka tse atisang ho susumetsoa ke lerato la bo-mme (Bartels le Zeki, 2004; Strathearn et al a., 2008), lerato la pele-pele la maikutlo a lerato (Bartels le Zeki, 2000; Arone et al a., 2005; Mokgatlo et al a., 2007) le lerato la nako e telele la marato le kenyelelitse sebaka sa VTA, mmele o kenang ka hare ho naha le insula e bohareng.

Lithibelo

Ketsahalo e amanang le molekane e fokotsehile ha e bapisoa le HFN ka li-accumbens tse nepahetseng le BA 9/46, e pheta likhatiso tse fumanoeng bakeng sa lerato la pele-pele la maikutlo a lerato (Bartels le Zeki, 2000).

Bao re Sebetsang vs Phapang ea CF

Litlhahlobo tsa ROI li ile tsa etsoa ho Molekane vs Phapang ea CF e ipapisitse le lithuto tsa lerato la pele-pele la maikutlo a lerato (Bartels le Zeki, 2004; Arone et al a., 2005) le khokahano ea bakhachane (Strathearn et al a., 2008). Liketso tsa bohlokoa tsa li-neural li fumanoe libakeng tsa VTA / SN, dorsal Raphe nucleus, caudate, putamen, posterior GP, thalamus, anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate, insular cortex, mid-insula, posterior hippocampus, middle tempyr gyrus, amygdala, angular gyrus le cerebellum (Lethathamo 2). Libaka tse neng li sebelisitsoe ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ho molekane oa nako e telele a sebelisa maemo a mabeli a taolo e ne e le VTA, caudate e ka pele ka letsohong le letšehali, putamen e ka morao, GP ea morao, dorsal Raphe, insular cortex, posterior hippocampus, amygdala, anterior le posterior cingulate.

Lethathamo 2  

Ts'ebetso ea ROI e bonts'ang likarabo litšoantšong tsa Partner vs litšoantšo tsa Motsoalle ea Haufi

Litaolo tse ling tsa ho atamelana

Ho tsoela pele ho hlahloba hore na litlamorao li fumanoe ho Molekane vs HFN e kanna ea ba ka lebaka la setsoalle se haufi, re sebelisitse maske e kenyelletsang Partner vs Phapang ea HFN ho CF vs LFN le CF vs HFN e fapana ka boikemelo. Liphetho li bontšoa ho Lethathamo 3.

Lethathamo 3  

Ts'ebetso e Tloaelehileng ea Partner le Friend Friend: litlamorao tse akaretsang tsa kamano ea sechaba

Libaka tse sebelisoang hangata ho molekane (Partner vs HFN) le CF (CF vs LFN), u sebelisa moeli oa boemo ba voxel P <0.005, e nang le sebaka se fokolang sa li-voxels tse 15 kapa ho feta, e kenyelelitse mOFC e nepahetseng, hypothalamus, PAG, tectum, fusiform gyrus, gyrus e ka lehlakoreng le letšehali, gyrus ea nakoana le cerebellum.

Mokhoa oa masking ha o bonts'a ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa ea tikoloho eo hangata e hiroang ke Partner vs HFN le CF vs Phapang ea HFN. Leha ho le joalo, ho etsa tlhahlobo ea ROI ho CF vs Phapang ea HFN e senotse ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa ka mokhoa o fokolang sebakeng sa NAcc e nepahetseng (MNI e hokahanya: 10, 4, -4, P = 0.055).

Ka kakaretso, litlamorao ho Molekane vs Phapang ea HFN e atisang ho sebelisoa ke metsoalle e haufi e fumanoe ho NAcc, mOFC, hypothalamus, PAG le karolong e ka letsohong le letšehali la cerebellum. Ts'ebetso ena e bontšoa ka sehlooho se reng 'e' ho Lethathamo 1 ho totobatsa ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng bakeng sa litlamorao tsa Partner le CF.

Ditaolo bakeng sa tlwaelo

Ho etsa lipatlisiso tse ling tsa litla-morao, re ile ra lekola ts'ebetso ea methapo bakeng sa HFN vs Phapang ea LFN. Pele, re sebelisitse mask e kenyelletsang Partner vs Phapang ea HFN ho HFN vs Phapang ea LFN. Libaka tse atisang ho sebelisoa bakeng sa liphapano ka bobeli (ho sebelisa moeli oa boemo ba voxel P  <0.005, e nang le sebaka se fokolang sa li-voxels tse 15 kapa ho feta) e kenyelelitse hlooho ea Raphe le hlooho ea mokokotlo, ka lehlakoreng le letona. Kaha ena ke mokhoa o tsitsitseng haholo re ile ra tsoela pele ka litlhahlobo tsa ROI tsa HFN vs Phapang ea LFN e ipapisitse le lithuto tse phatlalalitsoeng tsa lerato la bo-mme le pele.

ROI e sekaseka HFN vs Phapang ea LFN e bonts'itse ts'ebetso ho GP ea leqele, amygdala, ka bobeli hloohong ea mokokotlo oa mokokotlo oa caudate, ka lehlakoreng le letona la insula e bohareng le mokokotlong oa Raphe. Liphetho li bontšoa ho Letlapa le tlatsetsang S3. Ntle le moo, libaka tsena li bonts'itsoe ka superscript 'g' ho Lethathamo 1 ho totobatsa ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng bakeng sa litlamorao tsa molekane le ho tsebahala, ho bonts'a libaka tseo e kanna ea ba karolo ea ho tseba molekane oa nako e telele.

Likamano le boits'oaro ba boits'oaro ba boits'oaro

Litlhahlobo tsa ROI bakeng sa likamano tsa boitšoaro le boko li ne li ipapisitse le liphetho tsa lithuto tsa lerato la pele-pele la lerato (Bartels le Zeki, 2000; Arone et al a., 2005; Mokgatlo et al a., 2007le lerato la bo-mme (Bartels le Zeki, 2004). Re amohetse FDR ka moeli oa P ≤ 0.05. Liphetho li bontšoa ho Lethathamo 4.

Lethathamo 4  

Likamano tse kholo tsa lebatooa le lintlha tsa barupeluoa ka lerato le matla, lerato la maikutlo a lerato, IOS, lerato le thehiloeng botsoalleng le makhetlo a thobalano

Tekanyo e lerato ea takatso

Likamano li ne li tsamaisoa ka thoko bakeng sa lintho tsa lerato tse nang le tjantjello le lintho tse fetelletseng tsa PLS ho ipapisitsoe le liphuputso tse nang le lintlha tsa tlhahlobo ea PLS likamanong tsa nako e telele (Acevedo le Aron, 2009). Liphuputso tsa ROI li bonts'itse lintlha tsa PLS (bakeng sa lintho tse sa sebetseng) li ne li amahanngoa le ts'ebetso e kholo ea methapo (Partner vs Phapang ea HFN) libakeng tsa VTA, 'mele oa caudate, putamen le hippocampus ea morao-rao. Kopano e ntle lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa PLS le ts'ebetso ho VTA e phetoang liphetho tsa PLS tse tlalehiloeng bakeng sa lerato la pele-pele la maikutlo a lerato (Mokgatlo et al a., 2007); tšebetso 'meleng o bohareng oa caudate e ne e ts'oana le liphetho tsa PLS tse tlalehiloeng bakeng sa lerato la pele-pele la maikutlo a lerato (Arone et al a., 2005) le ho khesoa ka lerato (mohlala, ba ntseng ba ratana haholo le motho ea ba lahlileng; Fisher et al a., 2010).

Bakeng sa lintho tse amanang le phallo ea PLS, litlhahlobo tsa ROI li bonts'itse ts'ebetso e kholo ea 'mele' meleng oa caudate, posterior cingate, hippocampus ea morao le septum / fornix. Khokahano ea ntho ea ho hlonepha ea PLS ho caudate e bohareng le septum / fornix e phetile likamano tsa PLS tse fumanoeng bakeng sa lerato la lerato la pele-pele (Arone et al a., 2005le ho lahloa ka lerato (Fisher et al a., 2010).

Tekanyo ea Eros

Litlhahlobo tsa ROI li bonts'itse lintlha tsa Eros li ne li amahanngoa hantle le ts'ebetso e kholo ea methapo (Partner vs Phapang ea HFN) libakeng tsa VTA e nepahetseng, 'mele oa caudate, libaka tse ka morao tsa cingate le libaka tse ka morao tsa hippocampus tse fumanoeng li sebeliselitsoe phapang ea mantlha ea lerato la pele-pele lithutong tse ling.

iOS

Ho lekola karolo ea kamano e haufi re sebelisa khokahano le IOS, re lekile mokhatlo oa Partner ho tlosa lintlha tsa CF IOS ho Partner vs Phapang ea CF. Litlhahlobo tsa ROI li bonts'itse ts'ebetso ea lebatooa ho VTA / SN e nepahetseng (Setšoantšo sa 2B), li-insula tse bohareng le leqele le ka pele le letšehali.

FBLS

Ho lekola karolo ea lerato le amanang le setsoalle / setsoalle, re entse kopano le FBLS ho arabela Molekane vs HFN. Liphuputso tsa ROI li bonts'itse ts'ebetso ho GP e nepahetseng, cortex ea ka letsohong le letšehali le gyrus e nepahetseng ea parahippocampal.

Makhetlo a thobalano

Re sebelisitse khokahano le maqhubu a thobalano (ho laola lilemo) ho Partner vs Phapang ea HFN. Litlhahlobo tsa ROI li bonts'itse makhetlo a maholo a ho kopanela liphate le molekane e ne e le hantle a amanang le ts'ebetsong ea hippocampus e ka morao ka morao (Setšoantšo sa 2D), sebaka se fumanoeng se sebeliselitsoe Molekane vs Phapang ea HFN le CF. Litlhahlobo tsa lipatlisiso li bonts'itse ts'ebetso e hlahelletseng ho posterior lateral hypothalamus (MNI e hokahanya: 10, -2, −7).

Bolelele ba likamano

Re lekile kamano pakeng tsa palo ea lilemo tse nyalane le ts'ebetso ea methapo kahare ho P vs Phapang ea CF. Litlhahlobo tsa lipatlisiso li bonts'itse karabelo e kholo e amanang le lilemo tse nyetsoeng ho NAcc / caudate e nepahetseng (Setšoantšo sa 2C), (MNI e hokahanya: 10, 18, -4; 14, 18, 0), le tokelo PAG (MNI e hokahanya: 2, -28, -20).

TŠOHLOA

Lerato la nako e telele la lerato, moputso le tšusumetso

Ena ke thuto ea pele ea ho nka litšoantšo e sebetsang ho hlahloba li-neural correlates tsa lerato la nako e telele la lerato. Khopolo-taba ea rona ea pele e ne e le hore lerato la nako e telele la ho ratana le tšoana le lerato la pele-pele. Re boletse esale pele hore lihlooho li tla bonts'a tšebetso ea methapo libakeng tse ruileng tsa dopamine tse amanang le moputso le tšusumetso, haholo-holo VTA, tumellanong le lithuto tsa pejana tsa lerato la pele-pele la maikutlo a lerato (Bartels le Zeki, 2000; Arone et al a., 2005; Mokgatlo et al a., 2007; Xu, 2009). Joalokaha ho boletsoe esale pele, batho ka bomong ba tlalehang lerato le matla, la nako e telele ba bontšitse ts'ebetso ea methapo ho arabela litšoantšo tsa balekane ba bonavs litsamaiso tse fapaneng) libakeng tsa mesolimbic, tse nang le dopamine tse bohlokoa bakeng sa ho sebetsana le moputso le tšusumetso. Haholo-holo, lerato la nako ea pele le la nako e telele la marato le ne le tloaetse ho hira VTA e nepahetseng le caudate, le kamora ho laola botsoalle bo haufi le ho tloaelana.

Boithuto ba hajoale ke thuto ea botšelela ea fMRI ho bonts'a ts'ebetso e kholo ea VTA e nepahetseng kamanong le setšoantšo sa molekane ea ratoang haholo oa lerato (Bartels le Zeki, 2004; Arone et al a., 2005; Mokgatlo et al a., 2007; Fisher et al a., 2010; Xu et al a., 2010). Thutong ea hajoale, ts'ebetso ea VTA e ne e le kholo ho arabela litšoantšo tsa molekane oa nako e telele ha li bapisoa le litšoantšo tsa motsoalle ea haufi le motho eo a mo tloaetseng haholo. Libaka tse tšoanang tsa VTA li bonts'itse ts'ebetso e kholo joalo ka ts'ebetso ea lintlha tsa lerato tsa maikutlo, tse lekantsoeng ke sekala sa Eros le lintho tsa PLS (tse sa amaneng le letho). Khokahano e nang le lintlha tse atamelaneng (tse lekantsoeng ke IOS) le eona e bonts'itse ts'ebetso ea VTA, empa hape e fetela ho SN. Leha ho le joalo, mekhatlo e nang le lintlha tsa lerato tse thehiloeng botsoalleng, lintho tse amanang le ho hlonama ho PLS le makhetlo a thobalano ha lia ka tsa bontša litlamorao ho VTA. Likhokahano tsena ke liphetho tsa nalane tse fanang ka bopaki bo eketsehileng ba ho nka karolo ha VTA e nepahetseng leratong la maikutlo a lerato (ntle le ho hlonama) le IOS, kapa kamano e haufi ea kamano.

Boithuto bo bong bo bonts'itse karolo ea bohlokoa ea VTA le khubu ea caudate ka tšusumetso, ho matlafatsa ho ithuta le ho etsa liqeto (Delgado et al a., 2003; O'Doherty et al a., 2004; Carter et al a., 2009). VTA e behiloe bohareng ba marang-rang a susumetsang / moputso a amanang le boits'oaro bo hlokahalang bakeng sa ho phela (Camara et al a., 2009). Ho amoheloa hohle hore ts'ebetso ea libaka tsa marang-rang tse nang le dopamine, joalo ka VTA le caudate, li tlosoa ho arabela meputso e kang lijo (Mutlanyana et al a., 2008), Melemo ea chelete (Delgado et al a., 2003; D'Ardenne et al a., 2008; Carter et al a., 2009), k'hok'heine le joala (Heinz et al a., 2004; Risinger et al a., 2005) le tšusumetso e matla haholo e susumetsang (Knutson le Greer, 2008; Carter et al a., 2009).

Ho ea ka mofuta o mong oa ho matlafatsa ho ithuta, ventral le dorsal striatum li na le mesebetsi e fapaneng-ho nahanoa hore ventral striatum e kentse letsoho moputsong le tšusumetsong, le mokhoeng o ka morao oa taolo ea makoloi le kutloisiso (Doherty et al a., 2004). Ho hiroa ha mesolimbic dopamine system, e sebetsanang le moputso le tšusumetso, e tsamaellana le maikutlo a lerato la lerato e le 'takatso ea kopano le e mong'. Ntle le moo, ho hiroa ha dorsal striatum, e amanang le boits'oaro bo tataisoang ke sepheo ho hlokahala ho fumana tšusumetso e khotsofatsang, e tsamaellana le litšobotsi tsa litlamo le lerato la lerato. Ts'ebetso ena e fana ka maikutlo a mekhoa eo batho le liphoofolo tse ling tse anyesang ba ka sebelisang boitšoaro bo bolokang (mohlala, tlhokomelo e haufi le ho etsa lintho ho etsa hore molekane a thabe) le ho sireletsa (ho hana lintho tse sa tsejoeng) maqhama a bona a mabeli (Winslow et al a., 1993; Carter et al a., 1995; Wang et al a., 1997; Aragon et al a., 2003).

Lerato le tlamo ea nako e telele

Re boletse esale pele hore litlamo tse tiisitsoeng tsa nako e telele li tla hira libaka tse amehang kamanong ea bo-mme.Bartels le Zeki, 2004; Strathearn et al a., 2008). Re thehile ponelopele ena khopolong ea hore ho na le 'sistimi ea likhokahano' e hokahanyang ho batla haufi, le hore e arolelana likaroloana tse tloaelehileng tsa likokoana-hloko bakeng sa litlamo tse peli le litlamo tsa motsoali le masea (Hazan le Shaver, 1987; Fisher, 1992; Carter, 1998). Liphetho li bonts'itse tšebetso e tloaelehileng ea methapo ea maikutlo ea lerato la nako e telele le tlamo ea bo-mme ho libaka tse ka morao ho GP, linaha tse peli SN, putamen, thalamus, posterior cingulate, lehlakore le letšehali la bohareng ba insula, insular cortex, dorsal Raphe le anterior cingulate (kamora moo ho laola tloaelo le setsoalle se haufi).

Libaka tse 'maloa tse boletsoeng kaholimo (mohlala, SN, GP le thalamus) li na le bongata bo phahameng ba li-receptor tsa oxytocin (OT) le vasopressin (AVP) (Jenkins et al a., 1984; phiri et al a., 1991). OT le AVP li bontšitsoe li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa taolong ea boits'oaro ba sechaba (Insel et al a., 1994) le ho nyalana ha banyalani ba bang liphoofolong tse anyesang (Young et al a., 2001; Lim le lenyane, 2004; Bacha le Wang, 2004). Ts'ebetso e tšoanang ea methapo ea kutlo e bonoa maemong a hajoale bakeng sa batho ba nako e telele, ba tlamahaneng. Ena ke thuto ea pele ea ho nka litšoantšo ea motho ho bonts'a ts'ebetso ea methapo ea kutlo ho batho ba tlamiloeng ka bobeli libakeng tse amehang ho tlamahaneng ha mefuta e le 'ngoe ea litoeba.

Ts'ebetso ho Dorsal Raphe le eona ea khahla kaha li-nuclei li amohela lisebelisoa ho tsoa ho VTA / SN (Kirouac et al a., 2004), 'Me ba sebelise serotonin e le methapo ea kutlo ea' mele 'me ba kentse letsoho karabong ea' mele ho bohloko le khatello ea maikutlo (Bittar et al a., 2005). Ho kengoa tšebetsong ha li-nuclei tsa Raphe ho ka bontša mekhoa ea taolo e amanang le litlamo tsa khokahano. Mohlala, 'ho ikutloa a sireletsehile' ho hlahisoa hore e be sepheo se hlophisitsoeng sa sistimi ea likhokahano (Sroufe le Metsi 1977). Hape, ho fokotseha ha bohloko le khatello ea maikutlo ho bonts'itsoe hore ho amahanngoa le setšoantšo sa palo ea sehokelo (Coan et al a., 2006; Master et al a., 2009).

Mokhoa o mong o moholo o hlahileng ka ho hlahloba lits'ebetso tse tloaelehileng bakeng sa litlamo tsa nako e telele le tlamo ea bo-mme e ne e le ho hiroa ha litsamaiso tsa boko tse sebetsanang le karolo ea 'ho rata' kapa 'thabo' ea moputso. Ka mantsoe a mang, ho latela mofuta oa tšusumetso ea tšusumetso, dopamine e kopanya 'ho batla' mme sistimi ea opiate e buella 'ho rata' (Berridge le Robinson, 1998). Boithuto ba ho nahana ka boko ba motho bo bonts'itse hore lijo tse monate li etsa hore ventral pallidum, NAcc, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex le anterior insular cortex (bakeng sa tlhahlobo bona Smith et al a., 2010). Boholo ba libaka tsena li ile tsa ts'oaroa ho arabela molekane.

Ntle le moo, GP ke sebaka se seholo sa li-opiate receptors (Olive et al a., 1997; Napier le Mitrovic, 1999) 'Me e khethiloe e le' hedonic hotspot ', e kopanya' ho rata 'le' ho batla 'meputso ea mantlha (Berridge et al a., 2010; Monghali Smith et al a., 2010). Boithuto ba lesion bo bonts'itse hore ho ferekana ho GP ho baka ho hana lijo tse neng li le monate pele (Cromwell le Berridge, 1993). Ka tloaelo, GP e ne e nkuoa e le sebaka se seholo sa boits'oaro ba makoloi. Haufinyane tjena, lipatlisiso li bonts'itse karolo ea eona ea bohlokoa ho fupereng moputso le tšusumetso (Smith et al a., 2009). Ho boetse hoa khahlisa ho tseba hore GP ea morao-rao e ne e hokahane ka mokhoa o ikhethileng le lintlha tsa lerato tse thehiloeng botsoalleng (eseng ka mehato ea lerato la maikutlo kapa maqhubu a thobalano).

Ka kakaretso, likarabo litšoantšong tsa molekane oa nako e telele, ea ratoang li ne li amahanngoa le lits'ebetso tsa boko tse fumanoeng li le bohlokoa bakeng sa ho 'rata' meputso ea mantlha. Ntle le moo, liphetho li bonts'itse ts'ebetso ea GP ea morao-rao le li-insular cortex joalo ka ts'ebetso ea lerato le thehiloeng ho setsoalle. Ts'ebetso ea libaka tsena maemong a hona joale e fana ka maikutlo a ho 'rata' kapa 'ho ithabisa' ho amanang le kamano le molekane.

Khokahano le mehato ea boits'oaro

Lerato la baratani

Likamano le mehato ea lerato la lerato li ne li etsoa ka thoko le lintho tse sa amaneng le maikutlo ho PLS le ka lintlha tsa Eros. Sephetho se seng sa likamano le mehato eo ka bobeli se ne se tsamaellana le se fumanoeng pejana - lintlha tse ngata tsa lerato la maikutlo a lerato li ne li amahanngoa hantle le ts'ebetso ea mmele o bohareng oa mmele. Ho khahlisang haholo thutong ea hajoale ke khokahano ea tšebetso ea VTA mabapi le PLS (lintho tse sa sebetseng) le lintlha tsa Eros, tse ileng tsa pheta liphetho tsa PLS bakeng sa lerato la pele-pele la maikutlo a lerato (Mokgatlo et al a., 2007). Likamano tse ling le lintlha tsa lerato e ne e le lipale ho sehlopha sena: hippocampus ea morao-rao e ka morao.

Ho hlokomoloha

Lintlha tse amanang le ho shebella sampoleng ea hona joale hangata li ne li le tlase. Liphuputso tsa rona tsa lipotso li tsamaellana le lipatlisiso tse fanang ka maikutlo a hore likamano tsa nako e telele tsa maikutlo a lerato hangata li tlase haholo.Acevedo le Aron, 2009). Leha ho le joalo, lintlha tse kholo ho lintho tse amanang le phallo li ne li amahanngoa hantle le ts'ebetso 'meleng oa mmele o bohareng, septum / fornix, posterior cingulate le hippocampus ea morao. Ts'ebetso ho septum / fornix e khahlisa haholo ha e ntse e pheta liphetho tsa PLS bakeng sa lerato la pele-pele la lerato le ho lahloa ka lerato (Arone et al a., 2005; Fisher et al a., 2010). Likokoanyana tsa septum / fornix li kentse letsoho ho fokotsa ho tšoenyeha ha likhoto (Decker et al a., 1995; Degroot le Treit, 2004). Kahoo, septum / fornix e kanna ea ba sebaka sa sepheo sa phokotso ea khatello ea maikutlo sechabeng. Kamore ea morao-rao e khahlisang le eona e khahlisa haholo joalo ka ha e fumanoe bakeng sa lerato la pele-pele la maikutlo a lerato (Arone et al a., 2005'Me e bile le karolo ea bothata bo fetelletseng ba khatello ea maikutlo (Menzies et al a., 2008). Ka kakaretso, cingate ea morao-rao e kentsoe letsoho ho bokelleng mohopolo oa bophelo joalo ka ha o mametse mabitso a tloaelehileng (joalo ka molekane, motsoali kapa ngoana) vs mabitso a batho ba sa tloaelehangMaddock et al a., 2001), kapa ha u sheba litšoantšo tsa ngoana eo u mo tloaetseng vs ngoana ea sa tloaelehang (Leibenluft et al a., 2004).

iOS

Ho ba haufi haholo le molekane (ho lekantsoe joalo ka IOS) ho ne ho amahanngoa le ts'ebetso ea libaka tsa neural tse amanang le moputso (VTA / SN). Hape, tumellanong le tlhaloso ea 'ho kenyelletsa e' ngoe ka bohona ', lintlha tsa IOS li ne li amahanngoa le ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebetso libakeng tse bonts'ang boits'oaro ba boits'oaro, joalo ka insula e bohareng le anterior cingulate (Northoff et al a., 2006; Enzi et al a., 2009, tlhatlhobo ea meta). Sebaka sa insula e bohareng moo re fumaneng ts'ebetso e 'nile ea amahanngoa le lithuto tse ngata tse amanang le maikutlo le kemaro (kurth et al a., 2010, tlhatlhobo ea meta). Ka kakaretso, insula e kopanya tlhaiso-leseling ho tsoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng mme e baka tlhokomeliso ea batho (Klein et al a., 2007; Craig, 2009). Kahoo, ho kopanya molekane ka boeena ho ka amahanngoa le ts'ebetso ea methapo e amanang le moputso, maikutlo, tlhokomeliso le kamano ea motho ka mong.

Lerato le thehiloeng botsoalleng

E tsamaellana le lipatlisiso mabapi le kamano ea bakhachane (Bartels le Zeki, 2004), Re fumane likhokahano tsa bohlokoa ho GP e nepahetseng, insular cortex le parahippocampal gyrus bakeng sa lintlha tsa lerato tse thehiloeng ho setsoalle. Joalokaha ho boletsoe pejana, GP ke sebaka se ka sehloohong sa li-opiate receptor mme se fumanoe e le sebaka sa hedonic hotspot, se buellang 'ho rata' meputso (Smith et al a., 2010). Hape, GP e kentsoe letsoho lipatlisisong tsa maqhama a mabeli le li-prairie voles (Young et al a., 2001). Sebaka sa "insular" moo re fumaneng ts'ebetso e hokahantsoe le lithuto tse ngata tsa boits'oaro ba mmele le ho lemoha maikutlo le polelo (meta-analysis, kurth et al a., 2010). Ka hona, ts'ebetso ea cortex e kentsoeng e ka bonts'a likarolo tsa maikutlo tse tloaelehileng ho lihokelo tsa khokahano, joalo ka mofuthu le bonolo.

Makhetlo a thobalano

Maqhubu a thobalano a barupeluoa (ho laola lilemo) le balekane ba bona a ne a tsamaellana hantle le ts'ebetso ho posterior hypothalamus le hippocampus ea morao-rao. Libaka tsena le tsona li fumanoe li totobetse ho molekane kamora ho sebelisa setsoalle se haufi le taolo ea tsebo. Ts'ebetso ea hypothalamus e tsamaellana le lipatlisiso tse e kenyelletsang ho tsosa takatso ea thobalano (Karama et al a., 2002).

Thutong ea hajoale, hippocampus ea morao-rao e ile ea ts'oaroa ka mokhoa o ikhethileng ho arabela molekane ka mor'a ho laola setsoalle se haufi le ho tloaelana, hape e amana le maqhubu a thobalano. Liphuputso tsena li tsamaellana le litlaleho tse fanang ka maikutlo a hore ts'ebetso e ikhethileng sebakeng sena ea lerato la baratani ha e bapisoa le lerato la bo-mme (Bartels le Zeki, 2004). Le ha ho tsejoa hanyane ka sebaka sa kamorao ho hippocampal, lithuto tse ling li bonts'itse ts'ebetso e eketsehileng sebakeng sena kammoho le tlala le takatso ea lijo (LaBar et al a., 2001; Pelchat et al a., 2004), ka ts'ebetso e kholo haholo e bonts'itsoeng ho batho ba batenya ho tlola (Bragulat et al a., 2010). Hape, liphuputso li bonts'a hore liso tsa hippocampal ka litoeba li sitisa bokhoni ba liphoofolo ba ho khetholla matšoao a tlala le a ho khora (Davidson le Jarad, 1993). Boithuto ba sistimi ea moputso bo bontša hore hippocampus ea morao-rao ke sebopeho sa bohlokoa mohopolong, mohlomong oa tšusumetso e amanang le meputso ea mantlha (Fernandez le Kroes, 2010). Ha e nahana ka ho nka karolo ha eona ho hlahelletseng thutong ea hajoale hammoho le tse ling, hippocampus ea morao-rao e tla ba sepheo se khahlisang sa lipatlisiso tse ling tsa lipatlisiso tsa likamano.

Bolelele ba likamano

Palo ea lilemo tse nyalaneng e ne e hokahane hantle le ts'ebetso ea methapo ea kutlo ka li-accumbens / caudate tse nepahetseng. Ketsahalo ea lihokela tsa haufinyane tsa li-accumbens / caudate tse nepahetseng li fumanoe har'a batho ba labalabelang moratuoa ea hlokahetseng (O'Connor et al a., 2008le bakeng sa ba nang le ts'oaetso e phahameng ea "cocaine" (Risinger et al a., 2005). Re boetse re fumane khokahano le ts'ebetso ho PAG, sebaka se ruileng ho OT, AVP le li-receptor tsa opioid (Jenkins et al a., 1984; phiri et al a., 1989; Peckys le Landwehrmeyer, 1999), E amanang le khatello ea bohloko (Bittar et al a., 2005). Bartels le Zeki (2004) e supile PAG e ikhethile haholo ka lerato la bo-mme. Re fumane tšebetso ea PAG bakeng sa lerato la nako e telele la maikutlo a lerato le setsoalle se haufi, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore PAG e kanna ea ameha haholoholo litlamong tsa tlamo.

Liphetho tsa bolelele ba likamano ha lia ka tsa kopana le libaka tse tlalehiloeng ke Arone et al a. (2005) mehlala ea bona e sa tsoa ratana ea mohlala le kamano bolelele ba kamano (M = Likhoeli tse 7.40). Sena se ka bakoa ke liphetoho tse itšetlehileng ka nako tse etsahalang ha maqhama a tlamang a ntse a hola, kapa phapang lipakeng tsa likamano tsa nako e telele le tsa nakoana.

LITLHAHISO TSA BOKAMOSO LE Meeli

Boithuto ba hajoale bo ne bo na le batho ba likamanong tsa batho ba bong bo fapaneng ba tlalehang hore ba ratana haholo le balekane ba bona ba nako e telele. Ho ka ba molemo ho hira batho ba lenyalong la nako e telele ba thabile (empa eseng haholo leratong) ho khetholla lerato le matla la lerato ho tsoa kamanong e akaretsang thabo. Leha ho le joalo, moeli ona o ne o laoloa ka tsela e itseng ka ho se fumane ts'ebetso ea mantlha ho CF vs tloaelo e tloaelehileng ea phapang. Leha ho le joalo, CF ha se taolo e kenyeletsang bohle, hobane ba lenyalong ba thabileng (empa e seng haholo leratong) batho ka bomong ba ka arolelana litšoaneleho le lerato ho batho ba nyalaneng tse sa arolelanoang hangata le metsoalle e haufi (mohlala likamano tsa thobalano, matsete a arolelanoeng le bana).

Boithuto ba hajoale bo bonts'itse hore bakeng sa lerato la nako e telele la marato libaka tse ngata tsa boko li amehile ha li bapisoa le tse fumanoang har'a ba sa tsoa ithuta ka litaba tsa leratoArone et al a., 2005). Tse ling tsa liphapang tsena li ka bonts'a liphetoho tse itšetlehileng ka nako tse etsahalang ha maqhama a ntse a hola. Ka mohlala, Arone et al a. (2005) ho hira mohlala o mocha oa lerato (bolelele ba likamano tsa likhoeli tse 1-17, M Likhoeli tse 7.40). Phuputso e 'ngoe e fana ka maikutlo a hore ho nka lilemo tse ∼2 bakeng sa ho mamella litlamo tsa likhokahano hore li thehoe (Hazan le Zeifman, 1994), ka hona batho ba sa tsoa ratana ba kanna ba se bontshe boitlamo ba tlamahano e felletseng. Patlisiso ea nako e tlang e kanna ea batla ho araba lipotso tsena ka kotloloho ka ho hlahloba ts'ebetso ea methapo e amanang le ho hokelloa ho batho ka nako.

Ena e bile thuto ea pele ea ho hlahloba li-neural correlates tsa lerato le matla le le telele la ho ratana. Ho fokotsa lerata, re ile ra thibela sampole ea rona ka litsela tse 'maloa. Mohlala, re hirile batho ka litlamo tse peli tsa bong bo fapaneng. Hape, sampole ea rona e hlahisitsoeng e bile le chelete e phahameng ea ho ts'oara matlo. Phuputso e 'ngoe e bontša hore maemo a tlase a moruo oa moruo ke khatello e kholo ho banyalani (Karney le Bradbury, 2005) seo e kanna ea ba tšitiso ho ho atoloha kamanong mme ka hona oa boloka maikutlo a lerato la nako e telele la maikutlo. Patlisiso ea nako e tlang e kanna ea hahela hodima liphetho tsa hajoale, mme e ikemiselitse ho holisa palo ea mehlala ho kenyelletsa banyalani ba basodoma le mehlala e fapaneng ka kakaretso.

Ho bohlokoa ho elelloa leha liphetho tsena li qholotsa, ho na le meeli lipatlisisong tsa fMRI. Taba ea mantlha, ho na le likhetho tse 'maloa tse amehang lipatlisisong tsa fMRI tse thibelang ho hlalosoa ha data. Ntle le moo, leha re fumana ts'ebetso libakeng tse nang le li-receptor tse ngata tsa dopamine, OT, AVP, opioids le serotonin, ho ntse ho lokela ho tseba hore na ho lokolloa ha lik'hemik'hale tsena ho amana le boiphihlelo ba lerato la lerato kapa sehokelo. Patlisiso le li-prairie voles, mofuta o le mong oa litoeba, e netefalitse hore dopamine, OT le AVP li bohlokoa ho theheng le ho hlokomeleng litlamo tse peli. Ka ho eketsa, re fana ka maikutlo a hore lik'hemik'hale tsena tsa methapo ea kutlo li amehile ka litlamo tse peli tsa batho ba le bang, empa bopaki bo tobileng boa hlokahala.

LITLHAKISO

Batho ka bomong ba lerato la nako e telele ba bontšitse mekhoa ea liketso tsa methapo e ts'oanang le tsa lerato la pele-pele. Liphetho tsena li tšehetsa likhopolo tse sisinyang hore ho kanna ha ba le mekhoa eo lerato la lerato le tšoarellang likamanong tse ling tsa nako e telele. Mohlala, mofuta oa ho ikatisa o fana ka maikutlo a hore katoloso e tsoelang pele le nalane, liketsahalo tse putsang le baratuoa li ka khothaletsa keketseho ea lerato la lerato. Novel, liphihlelo tse putsang li ka sebelisa lits'ebetso tse nang le dopamine (Schultz, 2001; Guitar-Masip et al a., 2010) e ts'oanang le e sebelisitsoeng thutong ena.

Liphetho tsa hona joale le tsona lia tsamaellana Litlhapi (2006) mohlala oa litsamaiso tsa boko tse amehang ho tlolelaneng ha liphoofolo le ho ba le bana, haholo-holo ho khetholla pakeng tsa lerato la lerato le tlamahano. Ts'ebetso ea boko e amanang le lintlha tsa lerato la maikutlo a lerato (mohlala, VTA) li ne li fapane le lits'ebetso tsa sebaka sa boko tse amanang le sephutheloana (mohlala, GP, SN). Le ha ho bonahala ho na le libaka tse arohaneng tsa neural tse amanang le lerato la lerato le ho ikopanya ka bobeli li ka ba teng likamanong tse ling tsa nako e telele, joalo ka ha ho senotsoe thutong ea hajoale.

Liphetho tsena tsa hajoale li alima tšehetso ea mofuta oa tšusumetso oa Berridge le Robinson o khethollang 'ho batla' le 'ho rata'. Ho latela likamano le mehato ea ho itlaleha, lipalo tsa lerato / tsa lerato li ne li amahanngoa le lits'ebetso tse ruileng tsa dopamine, tse khethollang 'ho batla', ha lintlha tsa lerato tse thehiloeng botsoalleng li ne li amahanngoa le libaka tsa boko tse ruileng li-opiate tse lumellanang le 'ho rata' kapa monyaka likarolo tsa tšusumetso e putsang. Lintlha tsena li boetse li tsamaellana le meetso e fanang ka maikutlo a hore lerato la maikutlo ke tšusumetso kapa ho khanna, ho fapana le maikutlo a mantlha ho isa tekanyong eo e seng valenced kahare (e amanang le maikutlo a matle le a mabe), ho le thata ho e laola, e tsepamisitse mohopolo ho sepheo se ikhethileng mme e amana le sistimi ea dopamine (Aron le Aron, 1991; Fisher, 2004; BP Acevedo et al a., e rometsoeng hore e phatlalatsoe).

Liphetho tsa lerato la nako e telele la lerato li bonts'itse ho hiroa ha libaka tsa methapo ea opioid le serotonin tse ruileng, tse sa fumanoeng bakeng sa ba sa tsoa ratana (Arone et al a., 2005). Lits'ebetso tsena li na le bokhoni ba ho lekanyetsa matšoenyeho le bohloko, mme ke lipheo tsa mantlha tsa boko bakeng sa kalafo ea khatello ea maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo le khatello ea maikutlo. Kahoo, liphetho tsa hajoale li tsamaellana le maikutlo a boits'oaro a bonts'ang hore phapang e le 'ngoe ea bohlokoa lipakeng tsa lerato la maikutlo nakong ea pele le hamorao ke khutso e kholo e amanang le ea morao-rao (Tennov, 1979; Eastwick le Finkel, 2008; Acevedo le Aron, 2009). Lintlha tsena li boetse li sebeletsa e le bopaki ba pele bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang tse batlang ho lekola likamano lipakeng tsa boleng ba likamano le litsamaiso tsa boko tse khonang ho fetola maikutlo le boits'oaro.

Liphetho tsa hona joale li boetse li na le ts'ebeliso e sebetsang, e fana ka maikutlo a hore mananeo a thuto le kalafo bakeng sa banyalani ba nako e telele ba ka khona ho beha maemo a holimo bakeng sa se ka etsahalang manyalong a nako e telele, hape le sephetho se seholo ho ba nahanang ho itlama ho kamano e telele. Ho joalo, lipatlisiso li fana ka maikutlo a hore lerato le amanang le khotsofalo ea lenyalo (sesupo se matla sa botsitso ba likamano) manyalong a nako e telele (Acevedo le Aron, 2009). Liphetho tse tsoang thutong ea hajoale li eketsa tsebo ena e fanang ka maikutlo a hore lerato la baratani-le amanang le boitlamo, takatso ea thobalano le tlhokomelo e tlase ho balekane ba bang (Miller, 1997; Tsela et al a., 2008) - e kanna ea ts'ehetsa tlhokomelo ea libonto tse peli ka moputso o tšoarellang. Kahoo, litsebi tsa lenyalo le mananeo a shebaneng le malapa a ka ikemisetsa ho matlafatsa maikutlo a lerato har'a baratani e le mokhoa oa ho matlafatsa kamano le ho fana ka lisebelisoa tsa kutloisiso tse amanang le thabo le phokotso ea khatello ea maikutlo.

Leha ho le joalo, monyetla oa ho ba le lerato le matla la nako e telele o ka baka khatello ho ba leng manyalong a khotsofatsang, empa eseng haholo lenyalong la lerato. Ka 'nete, papiso e tlase e amanang le likamano tsa ba bang e bonahala e le mokhoa oa ho tseba lintho o ka khothalletsang boitlamo ba likamano (Rusbult et al a., 2000). Leha ho le joalo, litlamorao tsena tse mpe li ka fokotsoa, ​​mohlomong ka tšusumetso ea ho matlafatsa kamano ea motho. Ho feta moo, esita le likamano tsa baratani ba matla le ba ratanang li ea holimo le tlase, mme mohlomong le linako tse telele ho feta moo tlhase ea lerato le matla ea lerato e ka bang morao. Ha re fane ka maikutlo a hore maikutlo a phahameng haholo, a amanang le lebelo la matla, a lula a tiile. Ho fapana le moo, re etsa tlhahiso ea hore litsamaiso tse nang le moputso o moholo oa dopamine li kenye letsoho leratong le matla la nako e telele la lerato, hammoho le libaka tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho hokelloa.

CONCLUSIONS

Ka lekhetlo la pele, li-correlate tsa neural tsa lerato la nako e telele tsa lerato li ile tsa batlisisoa. Liphetho li bonts'itse ts'ebetso e ikhethileng ho molekane ho libaka tsa boko tse ruileng tsa dopamine tse amanang le moputso, tšusumetso le 'ho batla' ho lumellanang le liphetho tsa lithuto tsa lerato tsa lerato tsa pele ho nako. Lintlha tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore boleng ba moputso bo amanang le molekane oa nako e telele bo ka ts'ehetsoa, ​​joalo ka lerato le lecha. Khokahano ea lintlha tsa IOS le ts'ebetso ea VTA e tsamaellana le tlhaloso ea lerato la maikutlo e le 'takatso ea kopano le e mong' Ts'ebetso ea dorsal striatum, ea bohlokoa molemong oa boits'oaro bo tataisitsoeng ke sepheo ho fumana meputso, e fana ka maikutlo a libaka tse sebetsang ha balekane ba etsa boits'oaro bo bolokang le ho ntlafatsa likamano tsa bona.

Ntle le moo, liphetho li bonts'itse ts'ebetso lipakeng tsa batho ba tlamiloeng ka bobeli tse netefalitsoeng e le tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa tlamo ea litoeba tse le 'ngoe, e leng ho GP. Ho fapana le se fumanoeng ke batho ba sa tsoa ratana, bao ka nako e telele, manyalong a lerato ba bonts'itseng ts'ebetso libakeng tsa boko tse amanang le ho hokelloa le ho rata meputso. Ka kakaretso, 'ho batla', tšusumetso le moputso tse amanang le molekane oa nako e telele li ka ts'ehetsoa, ​​'me li ka ba teng le' ho rata 'le monyaka, likarolo tsa tlamo ea tlamo.

TLHOKOMELLO SEKONYELA

Lintlha tse tlatselletsang li teng ETSA Inthaneteng.

Ho ananela

Patlisiso ena e ne e tšehelitsoe hanyane ka chelete ke W. Burghardt Turner Fsoci ho Bianca Acevedo le Lefapha la Psychology Univesithing ea Stony Brook. Re leboha Keith Sanzenbach ka thuso ea hae ea mahlale ho skena sa fMRI. Re leboha Suzanna Katz, Zorammawii Ralte, ManChi Ngan, Geraldine Acevedo le Irena Tsapelas ka thuso ea bona ho bokelleng le ho kenya lintlha.

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