Mohlala oa bacha ba batlang ho kopanela liphate ka khetho ea bona ea mecha ea litaba (2011)

J Sex Res. 2011 Jul;48(4):309-15. doi: 10.1080/00224499.2010.497985.

Bleakley A, Hennessy M, Fishbein M.

mohloli o moholo

Setsi sa Pholisi ea Sechaba sa Annenberg, Sekolo sa Annenberg bakeng sa Puisano, Univesithi ea Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA. [imeile e sirelelitsoe]

inahaneloang

Pampiri ena e tlaleha hore na bacha ba tlaleha hakae ka takatso e matla ea thobalano mecheng ea litaba, e thathamisa litaba tseo ba tlalehang hore ba batla ho tsoa ho tsona, a lekanya kamano e teng lipakeng tsa ho batla litaba tsa thobalano le boitšoaro ba lerato le thobalano, 'me a bonts'a hore ho batla litaba tse amanang le thobalano mehlolong ea litaba ho hlalosoa ke sepheo sa ho batla litaba tse joalo a sebelisa mofuta o kopanetsoeng oa boitšoaro. Prediction, mokhoa o nahannoeng oa ho etsa lintho. Tdata eo ke mohlala oa naha oa bacha ba 810 ba lilemo li 13-18. Liphetho li bonts'a liperesente tse mashome a mahlano tsa bacha ba tlalehileng ka matla ba batla litaba tsa thobalano likhethong tsa bona tsa media, tse kenyelletsang lifilimi, thelevishene, mmino, libaka tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete le limakasine. Ba batona ba batlana le litaba tsa thobalano ho feta tekano ea basali le bong e ne e le kholo haholo ho batla libakeng tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete, lifilimi le thelevisheneng. Tlhahlobo ea maikutlo e bonts'a hore ho batla litaba tsa thobalano ho boletsoe esale pele ke sepheo sa ho batla le sepheo se tsamaisoa haholo ke khatello e lemohuo ea ho batla litaba tsa thobalano.

Bophelo bo botle ba thobalano le nts'etsopele ea bacha ba United States hangata bo beoa kotsing ea tšoaetso ea thobalano, ts'oaetso ea HIV, le / kapa boimana bo sa reroang. Ho pepesehela mecha ea litaba tsa thobalano ke e 'ngoe ea lintlha tse' maloa tse khothalletsang boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano. Maikutlo a sechaba (Hennessy et al., 2008) le bopaki ba mahlaleBleakley et al., 2008; Brown et al., 2006; Collins, 2005; Hennessy et al., 2009; L'Engle et al., 2006; Somers & Tynan, 2006) fana ka maikutlo a hore ho pepesehela litaba tsa thobalano mecheng ea litaba ho amana le ho qala thobalano le / kapa tsoelo-pele ea ketso ea thobalano le boholo ba nako ea thobalano (Aubrey et al., 2003) le mefuta e fapaneng ea boits'oaro bo bong. (Bleakley et al., 2008; Brown et al., 2006; Collins, 2005; Hennessy et al., 2009; L'Engle et al., 2006; Somers & Tynan, 2006). Ho pepesehela litaba tsa thobalano thelevisheneng (mohlala, mofuta oa thobalano kapa mananeo a itseng) ho amana le litebello mabapi le thobalano, maikutlo a mabapi le boitšoaro ba thobalano ba lithaka le maikutlo a lumelletsoeng ka thobalano (Sehlopha sa Lipatlisiso tsa Tlhahiso ea Litaba tsa Annenberg (AMERG), 2008; Ashby et al., 2006; Brown & Newcomer, 1991; Brown et al., 2006; Collins et al., 2009; Pardun et al., 2005; Ward, 2002; Ward le Friedman, 2006).

Hanyane hanyane hoa tsebahala ka mabaka a susumetsang ho pepeseha litaba tsa thobalano. Bleakley et al. e bonts'itse hore kamano lipakeng tsa ho pepesehela litaba tsa thobalano le liketso tsa thobalano e ka supoa ke karohano ea maikutlo: ha bacha ba kenella liketsong tsa thobalano, ba ka pepesehela thobalano mecheng ea litaba le ho feta ha ba pepesetsoa thobalano mecheng ea litaba. , ba na le monyetla o moholo oa hore ba se ba hatetse pele liketsong tsa bona tsa thobalano (Bleakley et al., 2008). Ho shebana ka nako e ts'oanang lipakeng tsa boits'oaro le ho pepesa phumano ho etsa hore lipatlisiso li se ke tsa lekola litlamorao ho boits'oaro, pono ea "litlamorao" tse tloaelehileng, kalafong ea ho pepesehela litaba tsa thobalano e le boits'oaro bo nepahetseng.Slater, 2007). Kahoo, ho pepesehela litaba tsa thobalano ke ts'ebetso e matla e laoloang ke batho ka bomong.

Karohano ea "tšebeliso le litakatso" phuputsong ea puisano e fana ka moralo o nepahetseng oa ho utloisisa hore na ho etsa thobalano le / kapa boiphihlelo bo ama jwang ho pepesehela litaba tsa thobalano le hore na ho batla thobalano likhethong tsa mecha ea litaba ho ama boitšoaro ba bacha joang (Katz et al., 1974; Ruggiero, 2000). E 'ngoe ea likhopolo tsa ts'ebeliso le mokhoa oa ho khotsofatsa ke hore ts'ebeliso ea mecha ea litaba e na le sepheo ebile e ea susumetsa: batho ke litho tse mafolofolo tsa bamameli ba khethang mecha ea litaba ba e sebelisang ho khotsofatsa litlhoko tsa bona, lithahasello tsa bona le lintho tseo ba li ratang. Ho tsoa ponong ena, phapang e atamelaneng ea thahasello ke boitšoaro ba puisano (ke hore, tšebeliso ea mecha ea litaba) ha e bapisoa le boitšoaro bo botle ba bophelo (e leng, boitšoaro ba thobalano). Leha tšebeliso le litakatso ha se thuto e hlalosang haholo joalo ka ha e le lipatlisiso tsa lipatlisiso, ho na le sehlopha sa lingoliloeng tse ts'ehetsang ho kenyelletsoa ha merero ea sona lipatlisisong tsa litlamorao tsa media (Rubin, 2002). Tlhahlobo ea pele (Katz et al., 1973) le litlaleho tsa lipatlisiso mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea thelevishene ea bolumeli (Abelman, 1987), Inthanete (Ko et al., 2005), mananeo a nnete a thelevishene (Papacharissi le Mendelson, 2007), le radio (Albarran et al., 2007), kaofela li hlakisa 'nete ea bamameli ba mafolofolo ba khethang ho tsoa ho letšoele la media.

Joalo ka ts'ebeliso ea litaba tsa thobalano, lits'ebetso le litabatabelo li nka hore bacha ba bang ba batla ka boomo litaba tsa thobalano ka khetho ea bona ea mecha ea litaba, e leng ho felletseng ka ho pepeseha hoa thobalano. Liphuputso tse 'maloa li bonts'a hore batho ba baholo ba bacha ba tlaleha ho fumana leseli ka thobalano ho tsoa mehloling ea litaba. Mohlala, Bradner et al. e shebile data ho tsoa ho National Survey ea Adolescent Males ha ba arabang ba ne ba le lilemo tsa 22-26 (Bradner et al., 2000). Liperesente tse mashome a robong a metso e 'meli li tlalehiloe li fumana litaba ka AIDS ho tsoa ho boralitaba (tse hlalositsoeng joalo ka thelevisheneng, limakasine, kapa seea-le-moea), 59% e tlaleha ho sebelisa litaba ho fumana leseli mabapi le mafu a likobo, mme 78% e tlaleha ho sebelisa litaba ho fumana leseli ka likhohlopo. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho tsejoe hore na ke leseli le fumaneng ho tsoa mehloling ea bophatlalatsi e neng e le ka ho batla ka mafolofolo kapa ho itlhahisa feela. Phuputsong e 'ngoe, 57% ea bacha ba tsoang sampole e bonolo sebakeng sa Philadelphia (N = 459) ba tlaleha ho ithuta ka thobalano ho tsoa ho mecha ea litaba (Bleakley et al, 2009). Har'a ba tlalehileng ba sebelisa mecha ea phatlalatso e le mohloli oa tlhaiso-leseling ka thobalano, thelevisheneng le lifilimi li ile tsa bontšoa e le tse rutang haholo.

Ke lithuto tse peli feela tse bolelang esale pele hore ngoana o tla hlahella mecheng ea litaba tsa thobalano. Phuputso e entsoeng ke Kim et al. o fumane hore ho pepesehela litaba tsa thobalano ho ne ho amana hantle le mefuta e kang tumello ea metsoalle, thobalano e se nang lenyalo, ho ba le thelevishene ka phapusing, nako e sa laoloang kamora sekolo, ho nka karolo lipapaling, ho shebella thelevishene, ho shebella thelevishene ka bongata ithuta ho thelevisheneng, le litšoaneleho tse ngata tsa palo ea batho ba kang lilemo, morabe le bong (Kim et al., 2006). Liphumano tse fumanoeng thutong ea bobeli le tse sebelisitsoeng ho feto-fetoha le maemo ha ba hlalosetsa litaba li ne li lumellana le liphetho tsena, leha ho se liphetho tsohle tse ileng tsa phetoa (Bleakley et al., 2008). Ntle le lithuto tsena tse peli, bafuputsi ba tseba hanyane ka khetho ea ho pepesehela litaba tsa thobalano joalo ka boitshwaro ja esita le tlase haholo ka ho batla ka thoko litaba tsa thobalano e le selelekela sa pepesehelo ea litaba tsa thobalano ka botlalo.

Boikemisetso ba ho Bolela Litaba tsa Thobalano ka Thobalano

Sebopeho se kopaneng sa Phihlelo ea Behaeveal Prediction se sebelisoa mona ho utloisisa le ho bolela boits'oaro bo itlhommeng pele ba bacha ba ho batla litaba tsa thobalano mecheng ea litaba (Litlhapi le Ajzen, 2010). Ho latela mohlala, boitšoaro bo ikemiselitsoe haholo ke sepheo, leha motho a ke ke a lula a khona ho etsa lintho ka sepheo sa hae hobane maemo a tikoloho kapa ho haella ha bokhoni le bokhoni li ka etsa hore ts'ebetso e be boima le ha ho sa khonehe. Morero oa ho etsa boits'oaro bo itseng ke ts'ebetso ea ho khahlisoa ke motho kapa ho se rate ho etsa boitšoaro (ke hore, maikutlo), maikutlo mabapi le seo ba bang ba se nahanang le ho se etsa mabapi le ho etsa boits'oaro (ke hore, khatello e tloaelehileng), le litumelo mabapi le bokhoni ba motho ba etsa boits'oaro bo teng ho na le lits'itiso tsa ho etsa joalo (ke hore, ho itlhokofatsa). Ka bokhutšoanyane, Model ea Kopano e nka hore ho batla ho bua ka thobalano ho tla boleloa esale pele ka sepheo le maikutlo, khatello e tloaelehileng, le ts'ebetso ho etsa boitšoaro bo tla bolela hantle sepheo sa moqosuoa oa ho batla litaba tsa thobalano ka mafolofolo. Pampiri ena (1) e fana ka datha ho latela hore na bacha ba tlaleha eng ka takatso e matla ea thobalano mecheng ea litaba, (2) e supa hore na mecha ea phatlalatso eo ba tlalehang hore ba batla ho tsoa ho eona, (3) e lekanya kamano pakeng tsa ho batla litaba tsa thobalano le boits'oaro ba botona le botšehali, mme (4) e beha qeto ea hore na ho batlana le litaba tsa thobalano ka botlalo mehlolong e fapaneng ea litaba ho hlalosoa joang sepheo sa ho batla dikahare tse joalo.

Mehlala le Mekhoa

Mohlala oa bacha ba lilemo tsa bocha (N = 810) ea lilemo tsa 13-18 o qetile tlhahlobo ea marang-rang ea 15-20 inthaneteng. Mohlala ona o ile oa qaptjoa hape ka feme ea lipatlisiso (Tsebo ea Lits'oaetso tsa tsebo) e sebelisang mokhoa oa ho daela linomoro o sa sebetseng ho fumana sebaka sa baemeli ba naha. Sampole, e ntlafalitsoeng kotara ka kotara, e ne e le palo ea mohala oa United States. Mokhoa ona o hlalosoa kae kapa kae (Liwebosaete tsa Tsebo, 2008). Bakeng sa boithuto bona bo ikhethileng bacha ba neng ba nka karolo ba ile ba hapuoa ke Lits'oants'o tsa Tsebo ka litsela tse tharo. Taba ea pele, ba arabelang ka selemo sa 18 bao e neng e le li-panist paneng ea boemeli ba naha ea bona (e tsejoang ka ho daela linomoro tse sa sebetseng) ba amohetse tlhahlobo (n = 335) mme e phethetsoe ke 52%. Ntlha ea bobeli, li-Network Network tsa tsebo li boloka sehlopha sa baemeli ba lilemo tsa 13-17 (n = 792) le bona ba fumaneng tlhahlobo, eo 70% e ileng ea e qeta. Kamora nako, bacha ba seng pananeng empa ba neng ba le ka tlung ea setho sa setho sa batho ba baholo le bona ba ile ba memeloa ho tlatsa tlhahlobo (n = 491); 16.8% e phethile tlhahlobo. Karabo e ne e le lilemo tse mpe tsa 16 lilemo (SD: 1.58), 52% e ne e le basali mme 75% e le tšoeu.

Ho hlalosa litaba tsa thobalano

Ba arabelitsoeng ba fuoe litlhaloso tse latelang tsa thobalano: "Patlisisong ena, litaba tsa thobalano li hlalosoa li bua ka ho bua kapa ho bonts'a: hooking-up / makeout; liaparo tsa boea; manyala; thobalano (ka molomo, ka lere, kapa ka botšehali); thobalano e sireletsehileng (likhohlopo, taolo ea bokhachane, jj); litlolo tsa thobalano (peto) kapa bosodoma (monna oa bong bo fapaneng kapa ba basodoma). ”Kamora ho fumana tlhaloso ena, babuelli ba ile ba botsoa:“ Joale re ka thabela ho tseba hore na o sebelisa mecha ea litaba joang ho ithuta ka thobalano. Ho nahana ka matsatsi a 30 a fetileng: u batlile u batla litaba tsa thobalano ho e ngoe le e 'ngoe ea tse latelang tsa litaba? "Likarabo tsa karabo e ne e se" ngoe, "Nnyane," "Ba bang" le "Boholo." Lenane la Mecha ea litaba e kenyelletsa mananeo a thelevishene, livideo tsa 'mino kapa oa' mino, limakasine tse kang Playgirl kapa Playboy, mefuta e meng ea limakasine, lifilimi, marang-rang a bophelo bo botle ba thobalano, marang-rang a litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​mecha ea ho qoqa Inthaneteng le li-podcast.

Ho Batla ho ba le boitšoaro

Sepheo sa ho batla ho fapana ka litaba tsa thobalano se entsoe ka ho akaretsa mehloli eo moqapi a bonts'itseng hore o batla litaba tsa thobalano (ke hore, moqosuoa o tlaleha hore o batla hanyane, ba bang, kapa ho fapana le ho se tlalehe ho batlana le eena). Boleng bo tsoa ho 0 (e batloa mehloling kapa ha e batle) ho 9 (e batloe mehloling eohle). Phetolelo ea dichotomized ea phapang ena e boetse e thehiloe e le hore boleng ba "0" bo emetse ho sa batlehe ho sebetsang, mme boleng ba "1" bo emetse ho batla bonyane 1 ea mehloli e kaholimo (bolele = .51, SD = .50) .

Likarolo tsa pele ho tsa bophelo ba lapeng le tsa pelehi

Re boetse re tsamaisitse lihlahisoa tsa dichotomous pele ho likamano tsa botona le botšehali tse thehiloeng ho lipatlisiso tse fetileng (Jakobsen, 1997; O'Donnell L. et al., 2006; O'Sullivan et al., 2007). Ho tsoa linthong tsena, sephutheloana sa boits'oaro bona bo kopanetsoeng se theotsoe hantle ho tsoa ho maemo a hokahantsoeng a sebelisitsoeng molemong oa alpha ea KR20 (Streiner, 2003) le mokhoa o thata o laeloang (mohlala, sekala sa Guttman) o sebelisitse Loevinger's H. H ke tekanyo ea ho hloka toka ho hlalosoang ke lintho tse laetsoeng hammoho le "bothata" bo sa lefelloeng hoo lintho tsohle kamora ho hloleha la pele le tsona li sa atleheng le lintho tsohle pele ho fetisoa ho hloleha ha pele (Ringdal et al., 1999). Haeba lintho li lekana ho sebelisa tlhaloso ena, lintlha tsa index ea empirical li tsamaisana le ho fetisa palo ea lintho tse thathamisitsoeng ka thata ka tlase ho kapa tse lekanang le lintlha tse bonoeng le ho hloleha lintho tsohle tse behiloeng ka thata ho feta boleng ba palo e bonoeng. Joalokaha Ringdal et al. (1999, leqephe la 27) ka kakaretso, "…H e fetoleloa e le index ea boemo boo lithuto li ka laeloang ka nepo ka k lintho. ”

Lintho li ne li le boima ka ho lekana ho ba batona le ba batšehali, 'me ka tatellano ea mathata a neng a le teng: ho hakana, ho ts'oarana ka matsoho, ho aka, ho pikitla, ho ama liaparo, ho ama matsoele / matsoele ho ama, ho ama litho tsa sephiri, ho bona a hlobotse, o ne a hlobotse le eena. Lenaneong le ne le tloha ho 0 ho isa 9, 'me boleng ba banna e ne e le 4.03 (SD = 3.06)' me bakeng sa basali e ne e le 4.54. (SD = 3.06), phapang ea bohlokoa lipalo pakeng tsa mekhoa. (Ka karolelano, tse tšehali tse mohlaleng li moholo ho halofo ea selemo ho feta banna). Ntle le moo, 19.6% ea sampole e tlaleha ho etsa thobalano ea botšehali. Linoko tse mashome a robong a metso e meraro tsa bacha bao ba neng ba etsa thobalano li ne li le pakeng tsa lilemo tsa 16-18.

Likamano tsa lerato la baratani

Lenane la likamano tsa lerato le lona le ile la etsoa ho lekanya thahasello ho bacha ba bong bo fapaneng. Re sebelisitse lintho ho tsoa lithutong tse ts'oanang tse boletsoeng ka holimo mme lintho li theotsoe hantle ho tsoa sebakeng sa tlholeho (re sebelisa alafa ea KR20) le pono e thata ea ho sebelisa (re sebelisa's Loevinger's H). Ho rala ho ne ho sa fapana pakeng tsa batšehali le lintho tse mabapi le bothata bo ntseng bo eketseha e ne e le tsena: u ratile motho e mong ka maikutlo a lerato, u inahana u le banyalani, le fanana limpho, le phatlalalitse lerato, 'me joale le na le motho eo u ratanang le eena,' me o kopane le batsoali ba molekane oa hau oa marato. Lenane lena le ne le tloha ho 0 ho isa 6 mme karolelano ea banna e ne e le 2. 86 (SD = 1.89) mme karolelano ea basali e ne e le 3.29 (SD = 1.98); mekhoa ena e ne e bonoa ka lipalo ho tsoa ho e mong.

Mehato e Kopaneng ea Mohlala oa ho Batla Lintho tsa Thobalano

Mehato ea mohopolo e ne e le e latelang: Morero: Ho na le menyetla e makae ea hore u ka sheba litaba tsa thobalano mecheng ea litaba ka matsatsi a 30 a tlang?, Tse ngotsoe ka "−3" = ha ho na monyetla oa "3" = monyetla o moholo (E bolelang: −1.71; SD: 1.83). Boikutlo: “Na u nahana hore ho batla litaba tsa thobalano ka mafolofolo mecheng ea litaba matsatsing a 30 a tlang e tla ba…” mme dipolelo tse hlahlobilweng e ne e le dintho tse fapaneng tsa semantic tse bonolo / tse rarahaneng, tse mpe / tse ntle, tsa booatla / tse bohlale, tse sa thabiseng / tse khahlisang, tse sa thabiseng / tse thabisang, Tse thata / tse bonolo, le tse kotsi / tse molemo, kaofela li ngotsoe ka khoutu ho tloha "“3" ho isa ho "3" ( Bolela: -0.26; SD: 1.38; Alpha = 0.84). Khatello e Tloaelehileng: Batho ba bangata ba bohlokoa ho nna ba nahana hore ha ke a tlameha ho sheba litaba tsa thobalano mecha ea phatlalatso matsatsing a 30 a latelang, a felletseng ho tsoa ho "N3" = Ha a lokela ho re "3" = Ba lokela, batho ba bangata ba nthatang ba ke ke / o tla batla litaba tsa thobalano mecha ea phatlalatso matsatsing a 30 a latelang, a kentsoeng ka "−3" = A ke ke a sheba "3" = O tla sheba ka mafolofolo, 'me batho ba bangata ba tšoanang le nna ha ba so ka ba batla ho bua ka litaba tsa thobalano. mecheng ea litaba merafong ea 6 e fetileng, e ngotsoe ka "1" = Ha ua tlameha ho "7" = E na (Bolela: −1.17; SD: 1.61; Alpha = 0.81). Boitlhotlhollo: Haeba ke ne ke hlile ke batla, ke na le bonnete ba hore nka sheba litaba tsa thobalano mecheng ea litaba ka matsatsi a latelang a 30, tse ngotsoeng ka "−3" = Ehlile ke ne ke sa khone ho "3" = Ehlile nka (bolela: 1.42; SD: 2.10).

Tlhahlobo ea Litekanyetso

Ho ile ha etsoa tlhahlobo e hlalosang e sebelisang liteko tsa Chi-square ho hlahloba liphapang khafetsa tsa ho batla litaba tsa thobalano ka lilemo le bong. Tlhahlobo ea kamano mabapi le ho batla boits'oaro litlamorao tsa bophelo ba rona. Likhokahano li hlahisoa ke lilemo ka lebaka la phapang e amanang le lilemo tsa kholo, mohlala, tsela eo thobalano e atisang ho hlaha hangata ho batho ba lilemong tsa bocha. Kamora nako, tlhahlobo ea tsela e ile ea sebelisoa ho leka Modible e Kopaneng ka ho batla ka matla litaba tsa thobalano e le boitšoaro. Ho ile ha etsoa tlhahlobo ea lihlopha ho etsa lipatlisiso mabapi le tšebelisano ea lilemo le bong. Mplus e sebelisitsoe bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea tsela hobane e lumella mehlala e nang le likarolo tse arohaneng ebile e ntse e tsoela pele ka karohano le liemahale tse itšetlehileng.

Results

Ho Batla Ho ba le Chebahalo

Karolo ea mashome a mahlano a motso o mong ea mohlala e tlaleha ka mafolofolo litaba tsa thobalano ho tsoa ho mohloli o le mong oa litaba. Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ho Lethathamo 1, mohloli o bontšitsoeng khafetsa e ne e le lifilimi, tse lateloang ke thelevishene, 'mino, liwebosaete tsa bootsoa, ​​limakasine, marang-rang a bophelo bo botle ba thobalano, limakasine tse kang Playgirl / Playboy, likamore tsa ho qoqa Inthaneteng le li-podcasts. Ba batona ba ne ba na le monyetla oa ho batla mohloling ofe kapa ofe ho feta basali (63.4% le 39.5% ka ho latellana; χ2= 45.99, p <.05) le banna ba batloang ho palo e phahameng haholo ea mehloli (t = 4.78, p <.05). Ho ne ho se na phapang ea lilemo tsa ho batla mohloling ofe kapa ofe kapa ho palo e bolelang ea mehloli e sebelisetsoang ho batla litaba tsa thobalano (F = 0.76, df = 5, p = 0.58).

Lethathamo 1  

Liperesente tsa ho Batla ka Katleho Likamano tsa Botona le Botšehali ke Bong

Mokhatlo oa Batho ba Batlang Lintho Tse Tebileng ho tsa thobalano le baratani le balekane ba thobalano

Lethathamo 2 e hlahisa likarolo tsa ho batla ho bua ka thobalano ho tsoa mohloling ofe kapa ofe le sephetho sa boitšoaro ba 3: tekanyo ea boitšoaro, kamano ea pele ho likamano tsa botona le botšehali le nako eohle ea thobalano ea botšehali. Ho batla litaba tsa thobalano ho ne ho hokahantsoe le index ea pele ho thobalano le index ea boitšoaro ea likamano maemong a holimo bakeng sa banna, haholo ba batona ba banyenyane, ha ba bapisoa le basali ba lilemo tse lekanang. Kamano e teng lipakeng tsa ho tlaleha nako ea thobalano ea botšehaling le ho batlana le thobalano ea mecha ea litaba e ne e le matla ho banna ba lilemong tsa bocha ba 16-18 (r = .53) ho feta khokahano ea basali ba lilemo tse 16-18 (r = .30). Ho bacha ba tlalehileng ba etsa thobalano ea botšehali bophelong ba bona, 68% e tlaleha ho batla litaba tsa thobalano. Ho bacha ba neng ba sa kopanele thobalano ka botšehali, 47% ka cheseho e ne e batla litaba tsa thobalano (χ2= 21.38, df = 1, p <.05).

Lethathamo 2  

Bivariate Polychoric Correlations ea Ho Batla ka Katleho Likamano tsa Botona le Botšehali ho tsoa Mohloling O mong le Liphello tsa Thobalano, ka Age Sehlopha le Bong.

Tlhahlobo ea Model e Kopaneng bakeng sa ho Batla ka Katleho litaba tsa thobalano

Ho batla litaba tsa thobalano mecheng ea litaba ho tsoa mohloling ofe kapa ofe ho ile ha boleloa esale pele ka mokhoa o hlakileng ho tsoa boikemong ba motho ba ho batla litaba tsa thobalano mecheng ea litaba. Tlhahlobo ea tsela ho Setšoantšo sa 1 bonts'a hore boikemisetso ba ho batla litaba tsa thobalano bo ne bo boletsoe esale pele ke maikutlo, khatello ea tloaelo, le boits'ebetso ba boithati; likamano tsohle li ne li le bohlokoa lipalo-palo p. .05. The R2 bakeng sa sepheo ho tsoa ho baphatlalatsi ba Model ba Model ba bararo e ne e le .60. Se fumanoeng se fana ka maikutlo a hore sepheo sa ho batla litaba tsa thobalano ka mafolofolo se susumetsoa haholo ke maikutlo le litabatabelo. Litlamorao tse mpe tsa ho itlhahisa ka sepheo sa ho batla (β = −0.08) li ne li lebelletsoe ha ba bangata ba arabang ba etsa joalo eseng ikemisetsa ho etsa boits'oaro bo hlahang (Litlhapi le Ajzen, 2010, leqephe la 66); hopola hore karolelano ea tekanyo ea sepheo bakeng sa sampole e ne e le −1.71 sekaleng ho tloha −3 ho isa + 3. Liperesente tse mashome a tšeletseng tsa phapang ea ho batla litaba tsa thobalano e hlalositsoe ka morero oa ho batla.

Setšoantšo sa 1  

Patlisiso ea Tsela ea Model e Kopaneng mabapi le ho Batla Lintho Tse amanang le Thobalano (N = 784)

Tlhahlobo ea Sehlopha se kopaneng

Thahasello ea phapang pakeng tsa sehlopha sa bong kapa lilemo ho lumellano pakeng tsa ho batla le sekala sa boitšoaro ba thobalano le boitšoaro ba thobalano e ile ea etsa hore ho be le tlhahlobo-leseling ea tsela e kopaneng ea Moetso o Kopaneng. Mohlala o ne o arotsoe ka lihlopha tse latelang tse 'ne (joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho Lethathamo 2): lilemo tsa banna ba 13-15 (n = 153), lilemo tsa banna ba 16-18 (n = 219), lilemo tsa basali 13-15 (n = 132), le lilemo tsa basali 16-18 (n = 280). Leha boholo ba li-coefficients bo ne bo fapana, mohlala o ile oa lula o tšoana ho sehlopha ka seng. Ka mantsoe a mang, sepheo se ne se kopantsoe le khatello e kholo e lateloang ke maikutlo. Maikemisetso a boletse esale pele ho batla boitšoaro ka lihlopha tsena tse 'ne. Phapang e le 'ngoe e ne e le hore kamano lipakeng tsa boithati le boikemisetso, le boits'oaro le boits'oaro, li ne li se li sa bohlokoa ho lipalo ho a mang a lihlopha. Sena se ka etsahala haholo ka lebaka la sampole e nyane lihlopheng ho bapisoa le ha mohlala o tsamaisoa hantle. Lipalo-palo tse loketseng mohlala oa sehlopha li ne li le ntle, leha li ne li se ntle joaloka mohlala o felletseng: χ2= 11.340, df = 7, p = .12; RMSEA = 0.06; CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.97.

Puisano

Bacha ba tlaleha ka mafolofolo litaba tsa thobalano ho tsoa mehloling e mengata e fapaneng ea litaba. Empa lifilimi, thelevishene, 'mino le libaka tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete li fetisitse lethathamo. Ho bile le phapang ea bong ho palo ea ho batla ho tlalehiloeng le ho batla ho tsoa ho mecha ea litaba. Ba batona ba tlaleha ho batla ho feta ho basali ho mecha eohle ea litaba. Phapang lipakeng tsa ba batona le ba batšehali e ne e le kholo ha ho tluoa ho batlana le libaka tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete, lifilimi le thelevishene ka ho latellana. Ho hlakile hore bacha ba ipeha kotsing ea litaba tsa thobalano, le ha ho tseba mabaka a ba arabang joalo ho ne ho sa khonehe ho tsoa ho datha tsena. Ho boetse ho utloahala ho fanoa ka liphapang tsa ho batla hore banna le basali ba ka ba le mabaka a fapaneng le / kapa sepheo sa ho batla litaba tsa thobalano. Mohlala, ho batla ha banna litaba tsa thobalano ho tsoa litsing tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete ho fana ka maikutlo a hore ba thahasella mecha ea phatlalatso e hlakileng. Ho kenyelletsa moo, likamano lipakeng tsa ho batla ho bua ka thobalano le boits'oaro ba likamano, boits'oaro ba pelehi, le thobalano ea botšehali nako eohle, li ne li le kholo ho ba batona le ba batona ba lilemong tsa bocha ha ba bapisoa le basali ba lilemo tse tšoanang. Leha kamano e pakeng tsa ho batla le thobalano ea setho sa botšehali e sa khone ho baloa ka lebaka la sampole e nyane ea bana ba lilemo tsa 13-15 ba tlalehileng hore ba etsa thobalano, ho batla ho atile haholo ho batona le bacha ba lilemong tsa bocha. Kamano ena e ka bonts'a motsoako oa lintlha tse peli: tsoelopele ea mecha ea phatlalatso, moo ho pepesehela litaba tsa thobalano mecheng ea litaba ho nang le litlamorao tse kholo ho bacha ba banyenyane ha ba bapisoa le bacha ba lilemong tsa bocha, le nako ea ho qala lefats'e la likamano tsa lerato. Leha ho le joalo, hobane tlhahisoleseling e bokelletsoeng e ne e le dikarolo tse fapaneng, tataiso ea ts'ebetso ea mokhatlo ona ea makatsa.

Mabaka a etsang hore bacha ba batle litaba tsa thobalano li ka fapana, ho tloha ho bokelleng tsebo le ho batla ho netefatsoa hoa boitšoaro bakeng sa boitšoaro ba bona. Bacha ba etsang thobalano le bona ba ka ba le tjantjello ea ho feta thobalanong ka lebaka la lintlha tse ling tsa bophelo kapa tsa tikoloho joalo ka puisano le metsoalle kapa litho tsa lelapa ka thobalano. Ho batla litaba tsa thobalano ka matla ho ka amana le boitšoaro ba moroetsana ba thobalano ka ho ratana le batho ba bang. Bacha ba pepesetsoeng litaba tsa thobalano hobane ba e batlile ba ka fapana le ba bang ba pepesetsoeng litaba tsa thobalano ntle le ka boomo ba e batlang. Bacha ba joalo ba kanna ba susumetsoa haholo ke maikutlo a lerato le / kapa lithahasello tsa thobalano. Ho supa litumelo tse ikhethileng tsa boitšoaro tseo u batlang ho bua ka tsona ka thobalano le hona ho bohlokoa hobane ho ka ba bonolo hore li fetoloe, 'me ka hona, sepheo sa ho kena lipakeng boitšoaro (Litlhapi le Yzer, 2003). Joalo ka ts'ebeliso ea likhohlopo (Albarracín et al., 2001; Sheeran & Taylor, 1999), ho tsuba (Van De Ven et al., 2007, ho ikoetlisa le ho ikoetlisa (Hagger et al., 2001;Hausenblas, Carron le Mack, 1997), ho ja hantleConner, Norman le Bell, 2002), ho itlopa joala (Cooke, Sniehotta le Schüz, 2007) le mekhoa e meng ea bophelo bo botle (Hardman et al., 2002), ho batla litaba tsa thobalano ka matla ho tsoa mohloling ofe kapa ofe oa media ho ile ha boleloa esale pele ka mokhoa o hlakileng ho tloha boikemisetsong ba ho batla litaba tsa thobalano ka mafolofolo. Liphetho tse tsoang tlhahlobisong ea tsela li bonts'itse hore sepheo sa ho batla litaba tsa thobalano se boletsoe esale pele ke maikutlo, ho lemohuoa khatello e tloaelehileng, le boits'oaro. Leha ho le joalo, sepheo sa ho batla dikahare tsa thobalano ka mafolofolo se susumetsoa ke maikutlo a tloaelehileng: seo moqosi a nahanang hore ba bang ba se etsa le seo ba bang ba nahanang hore seabo se lokela ho se etsa.

Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe pejana, bafuputsi ha ba tsebe hore na ho na le phapang e kae ea ho pepesehela litaba tsa thobalano e tlalehiloeng ka ho batla boits'oaro. Ena ke potso e thata e hlokang ho hlahlobisisoa ka lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang. Haeba ka cheseho motho a batla litaba tsa thobalano ka bongata ba ho bonts'a litaba tsa thobalano le motho e mong le e mong, re ka nahana hore ho pepeseha ke boitšoaro bo itlhommeng pele 'me bo susumetsoa ke tlhoko ea tlhaiso-leseling, pele le / kapa kamora ho kopanela kamanong le thobalanong. boits'oaro. Ntle le moo, haeba ho pepesetsoa litaba tsa thobalano ho sa hlahisoe hantle ke ho batla litaba tse amanang le thobalano, mefuta ea tlhahiso-leseling e shebaneng le lintlha tse ling joalo ka mecha ea litaba le tikoloho ea lelapa (mohlala, ha media e le "ntle" ka morao, ho ba le thelevishene ka kamoreng ea ho robala ea bocha, maano a lelapa mabapi le thelevishene le ts'ebeliso e 'ngoe ea litaba) a ka ba a ruta haholoanyane.

Patlisiso ena e na le meeli. Habohlokoa le ho feta, litumelo, boits'oaro, le taolo tse tsamaisang (le ho khetholla) maikutlo, khatello e tloaelehileng, le boits'oaro ka ha li amana le ho batla litaba tsa thobalano ha li a ka tsa bonoa ke thuto ena. Ha liphetho li bonts'a hore Model e Kopaneng e atlehile ho bolela tšebeliso ea boitšoaro, ho utloisisa ka botlalo ke hobane'ng ha Patlo ea bacha ea ho fumana litaba tsa thobalano mecheng ea litaba, hoa hlokahala ho tseba litumelo tse nepahetseng, tse tloaelehileng le tse laoloang tse qetellang e le sepheo sa motho sa ho batla le ho etsa joalo boits'oaro ba bona ba ho batla (Litlhapi le Ajzen, 2010). Ntle le moo, sampole e ne e le tšoeu haholo. Mohlala o nang le bacha ba bangata ba Maafrika le Maamerika le Maspanishe o hlokahala ho bona hore na mekhoa ena e na le merabe le merabe e fapaneng. Qetellong, ka lebaka la mathata a nako le a lichelete, mehato ea ho pepesehela litaba tsa thobalano e ne e sa khone ho bokelloa. Ka kakaretso, bacha ba tlaleha ka mafolofolo litaba tsa thobalano mecheng ea litaba. Le ha ho batloa ho batla ho amana le litaba tsa thobalano mecheng ea litaba, sephetho sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore ho hlokahala hore ba ithute haholoanyane ka seo se bolelang esale pele hore bana ba lilemong tsa bocha ba bua ka litaba tsa thobalano le ho utloisisa kamano le boitšoaro ka tsela eo e tsamaeang le eona. ho etsa thobalano le liphetho tse ling tsa nts'etsopele tse kang ho etsa likamano tsa lerato.

lumela hore baa fokola

Phatlalatso ena e entsoe hore e khonehe ke Grant Number 5R01HD044136 ho tsoa ho National Institute of Child Health le Human Development (NICHD). Likateng tsa eona ke boikarabello ba lingoli feela ebile ha li bolele maikutlo a semmuso a NICHD.

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