Lawal, Abiodun Musbau, le Erhabor Sontaha Idemudia.
Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Bocha le Bocha (2017): 1-9.
inahaneloang
Phuputso e ile ea lekola karohano pakeng tsa bong le maemo a sehlopha ka ho qobelloa ho etsa thobalano mme ea fumana monehelo oa bolutu le ho lemalla inthanete ho hlaloseng ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate har'a baithuti ba sekolo se mahareng. Mohlala o bonolo oa baithuti ba 311 ba sekolo se mahareng ba banna le basali ba nang le lilemo tse 13 ho isa ho 21 (M = 15.61, SD = 1.63) e phethile patlisiso e arotseng e nang le tlhaiso-leseling ea palo ea batho le mehato ea bolutu, ho lemalla inthanete le ho qobelloa ho etsa thobalano. Lipalo-palo tsa khatello ea maikutlo li bontšitse hore ho jeoa ke bolutu le ho lemalla inthanete ho kentse letsoho haholo boemong ba ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate le ho lemalla ho lemalla inthanete ho rekota lintlha tse phahameng. Bana ba banna ba sekolo se mahareng ba tlaleha tlamo e phahameng ea thobalano ho feta balekane ba bona ba basali. Boemo ba sehlopha ha bo na tšusumetso e kholo ho qobello ea thobalano empa litlamorao tsa eona li bonahala li eketseha ha baithuti ba ntse ba tsoela pele ka lihlopheng. Ho khothaletsoa thuto e felletseng ea thobalano le lits'ebetso tsa thibelo ka ho hatisa puisano e matla ea motsoali le ngoana hammoho le taolo ea ts'ebeliso ea inthanete bakeng sa kholo e nepahetseng ea bana
Keywords: Ho qobella ho kopanela liphate, lithethefatsi tsa inthanete, ho jeoa ke bolutu, bana ba sekolo se phahameng, Nigeria
Selelekela
Maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate ka ho feteletseng le litakatso tsa bana ba sekolo sa sekolo se ka 'na sa fella ka ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate haeba baithuti ba sa tataisoe hantle mabapi le ho laola kapa ho laola maikutlo. Joalokaha ho boletsoe Herkov (2016 Herkov, M. (2016). Ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ke eng? Mohopolo oa Bohareng. E khutlisitsoe ka August 10, 2017, ho tloha https://psychcentral.com/lib/what-is-sexual-addiction/ [Setsebi sa Google]), Lekhotla la Sechaba ka Tlhekefetso ea ho Kopanela Liphate le ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate ho hlalositsoe ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate kapa ho qobella batho ho kopanela liphate ha ba ntse ba kopanela mekhoeng ea ho kopanela liphate e tsitsitseng le e ntseng e eketseha ho ile ha etsahala ho sa tsotellehe liphello tse mpe ho bona le ba bang Kalichman le Rompa (1995 Kalichman, SC, & Rompa, D. (1995). Ho batla maikutlo a thobalano le litekanyo tsa ho qobelloa ho etsa thobalano: Ho tšepahala, bonnete, le ho noha boits'oaro ba kotsi ea HIV. Lenane la Tlhahlobo ea Boitšoaro, 65, 586–601.10.1207/s15327752jpa6503_16[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®], [Setsebi sa Google]) a haha Compulsive Scale (SCS) mme ae hlalosetsa ho lekanya mekhoa ea ho ameha ka thobalano le bosodoma. Ho tsoa litlhaloso tsena, motho ea nang le boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate o ameha haholo ka menahano ea thobalano mme o tla tsoelapele ho ts'ehetsa ka ho feteletseng ka ho sebetsana le maikutlo a thobalano, ho sa tsotellehe liphello leha e le life tse mpe. Tumellanong le SCS, ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate ho ka hlalosoa e le tekanyo eo bana ba sekolo sa sekolo ba tšoarang ka eona mehopolong le litakatsong tsa thobalano; mme a tsilatsila ka ho etsa maikutlo ana ho sa tsotellehe liphello tse mpe. Bana ba sekolo sa bobeli ba amehileng haholo ka mehopolo ea thobalano, maikutlo, litakatso, boitšoaro kapa ho kopanela liphate tse amanang le ho kopanela liphate ho ka boleloa hore ba phahametse ho kopanela liphate.
Liphuputso mabapi le ho ata ha likamano tsa botona le botšehali le lintho tse amanang le tsona li 'nile tsa khannoa ka ntle ho Nigeria (Black, 1998 Mnyama, DW (1998). Boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate: Tlhahlobo. Journal of Practical Psychology le Bophelo bo Botle ba Bophelo, 4, 219-229. [Setsebi sa Google]; Chaney le Burns-Wortham, 2015 Chaney, MP, & Burns-Wortham, CM (2015). Ho hlahloba ho tsoa, bolutu, le boitšepo e le tse boletsoeng esale pele tsa ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate ho banna ba bong bo fapaneng le ba bong bo fapaneng. Ho lemalla thobalano le ho qobella, 22(1), 71-88.[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Setsebi sa Google]; Grov, Parsons, & Bimbi, 2010 Grov, C., Parsons, JT, & Bimbi, DS (2010). Ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate le kotsi ea thobalano ho banna ba bong bo fapaneng le ba bong bo fapaneng. Litlaleho tsa Boitšoaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 39, 940–949.10.1007/s10508-009-9483-9[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®], [Setsebi sa Google]; Torres & Gore-Felton, 2007 Torres, HL, le Gore-Felton, C. (2007). Ho qobelloa, tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi, le bolutu: Bolutu le mofuta oa kotsi ea thobalano (LSRM). Ho lemalla thobalano le ho qobella, 14(1), 63–75. doi:10.1080/10720160601150147[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Setsebi sa Google]). Boholo ba lipatlisiso tsa pejana li ne li le liithuti tsa univesithi, bosodoma, banna le basali ba nang le HIV (Grov et al., 2010 Grov, C., Parsons, JT, & Bimbi, DS (2010). Ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate le kotsi ea thobalano ho banna ba bong bo fapaneng le ba bong bo fapaneng. Litlaleho tsa Boitšoaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 39, 940–949.10.1007/s10508-009-9483-9[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®], [Setsebi sa Google]; Torres & Gore-Felton, 2007 Torres, HL, le Gore-Felton, C. (2007). Ho qobelloa, tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi, le bolutu: Bolutu le mofuta oa kotsi ea thobalano (LSRM). Ho lemalla thobalano le ho qobella, 14(1), 63–75. doi:10.1080/10720160601150147[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Setsebi sa Google]), bana ba sekolo se phahameng ba hlokomolohuoa haholo. Phuputso e entsoeng ka bana ba sekolo sa bobeli Nigeria ka nako e loketseng, haholo-holo ka lebaka la mokhoa o ntseng o hōla oa tšebeliso ea hau ea marang-rang e sa laoleheng e ka ba beha kotsing ea ho pepeseha mesebetsing e mengata e sa lokelang ea thobalano. Ho phaella moo, ho hloka tlhokomelo le tlhokomelo e sa lekaneng ho batsoali ho beha bana ba bangata sekolong se phahameng ho ikutloa ba jeoa ke bolutu; kahoo, ho ba beha kotsing ea liketso tse sa tšoaneng tsa sechaba. Phuputso ea hona joale e hlahlobile ho lemalla marang-rang le boikutlo ba ho jeoa ke bolutu ka hohle kamoo ho khonehang ho bolelang hore ho na le liketso tsa ho kopanela liphate ho bana ba sekolo se phahameng.
Ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate ho tlalehiloe ka kotloloho hore ho na le kamano le tšebeliso e phahameng ea joala le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi (Kalichman & Kaine, 2004 Kalichman, SC, le Kaine, D. (2004). Kamano lipakeng tsa lits'oants'o tsa tlhekefetso ea thobalano le litloaelo tse kotsi tsa thobalano hara banna le basali ba fumanang lits'ebeletso ho tsoa tleliniking ea tšoaetso ea thobalano. Journal of Sex Research, 41(3), 235-241.10.1080 / 00224490409552231[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®], [Setsebi sa Google]), Matšoenyeho, mathata a maikutlo le mathata a ho laola maikutlo (Grant & Steinberg, 2005 Fana ka, JE, & Steinberg, MA (2005). Boitšoaro bo qobelloang ba thobalano le papali ea chelete. Ho lemalla thobalano le ho qobella, 12, 235-244.10.1080 / 10720160500203856[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Setsebi sa Google]; Raymond, Coleman, le Miner, 2003 Raymond, NC, Coleman, E., & Miner, MH (2003). Pherekano ea kelello le litšobotsi tse qobelloang / tse susumelletsang motho litabeng tsa thobalano. Kakaretso ea Psychiatry, 44, 370–380.10.1016/S0010-440X(03)00110-X[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®], [Setsebi sa Google]); le ho nka karolo liketsong tse kotsi tsa thobalano joalo ka thobalano e sa sireletsehang, thobalano e susumetsoang ke lithethefatsi, palo e eketsehang ea balekane ba thobalano e ka lebisa ho HIV le mafu a mang a tšoaetsanoang ka thobalano (Dodge, Reece, Cole, & Sandfort, 2004 Dodge, B., Reece, M., Cole, AL, & Sandfort, TGM (2004). Ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate har'a baithuti ba kolecheng ba bong bo fapaneng. Journal ea Lipatlisiso tsa thobalano, 41(4), 343-350.10.1080 / 00224490409552241[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®], [Setsebi sa Google];; Grov et al., 2010 Grov, C., Parsons, JT, & Bimbi, DS (2010). Ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate le kotsi ea thobalano ho banna ba bong bo fapaneng le ba bong bo fapaneng. Litlaleho tsa Boitšoaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 39, 940–949.10.1007/s10508-009-9483-9[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®], [Setsebi sa Google]; Kalichman le Rompa, 2001 Kalichman, SC, & Rompa, D. (2001). Sekhahla sa khatello ea thobalano: Nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso le batho ba nang le tšoaetso ea HIV. Lenane la Tlhahlobo ea Boitšoaro, 76, 379–395.10.1207/S15327752JPA7603_02[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®], [Setsebi sa Google]; Reece, Plate, & Daughtry, 2001 Reece, M., Plate, PL, le Daughtry, M. (2001). Thibelo ea HIV le khatello ea thobalano: Tlhokahalo ea leano le kopaneng la bophelo bo botle ba sechaba le bophelo ba kelello. Ho lemalla thobalano le ho qobella, 8, 157-167.[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Setsebi sa Google]). Bafuputsi ba bang ba tlalehile litlamorao tse ka bang teng tsa tlhekefetso ea thobalano ho batho ka bomong ho kenyelletsa likhohlano le khatello ea maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo le ho qoba boikarabello ba mosebetsi (Muench & Parsons, 2004 Muench, F., & Parsons, JT (2004). Ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate le HIV: Boitsebiso le kalafo. Tsepamisa maikutlo, 19, 1-4.[Lebokose], [Setsebi sa Google]). Ka lebaka leo, ke habohlokoa hore re hlokomele lithuto tse boletsoeng ka holimo tse etsang lipatlisiso tsa ho lemalla li-intanete le maikutlo a bolutu ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang hore motho a qobelloe ho kopanela liphate, haholo-holo sekolong se phahameng.
Ho sebelisa Inthanete haholo ho ka nkoa e le mokhoa oa ho lemalla ho sebelisa Inthanete. Le hoja ho se na tlhaloso e tloaelehileng empa leha ho le joalo ke khopolo ea ho lemalla Inthanete, leha ho le joalo, Young (1998 E monyenyane, KS (1998). Ho fumanoa ka letlooa: Tsela ea ho lemoha matšoao a ho lemalla marang-rang - le leano la ho hlōla. KS Young (Ed.), 605 Third Avenue (maq. 10158-0012. 248). New York, NY: Wiley. [Setsebi sa Google]) e hlalosetsa ho lemalla lithethefatsi ho Internet e le lefu la ho laola maikutlo le sa sebeliseng lithethefatsi tse tahang. Thupong ea morao tjena, re hlalosa ts'oaetso ea Inthanete e le mokhoa o feteletseng oa ho sebelisa Inthaneteng o amang mesebetsi ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea motho ka mong. Inthanete e lemalla bana ba sekolong sa sekondari ho ipha nako ea ho buisana ka Inthanete, lipapali le mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea liforomo tsa lipuisano. Ha ba ntse ba etsa sena, ba pepesehetse likhopolo tse amanang le thobalano tse ka tsebang boitšoaro ba bona ba thobalano.
Liphuputso tse teng li bontša hore ho na le ho ata ho hoholo ha li-inthanete har'a liithuti tsa sekolo se phahameng (Bruno et al., 2014 Bruno, A., Scimeca, G., Cava, L., Pandolfo, G., Zoccali, RA, & Muscatello, MRA (2014). Ho ata ha bokhoba ba inthanete ho sampole ea baithuti ba sekolo se phahameng sa Setaliana se ka Boroa. International Journal of Mental Health Ho lemalla, 12, 708–715.10.1007/s11469-014-9497-y[Crossref], [Websaete ea Science ®], [Setsebi sa Google];; Sasmaz et al., 2013 Sasmaz, T., Oner, S., Kurt, OA, Yapici, G., Yacizi, AE, Bugdayci, R., & Sis, M. (2013). Ho ata le likotsi tsa bokhoba ba inthanete ho baithuti ba sekolo se phahameng. Europe Journal of Public Health, 24(1), 15-20.[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®], [Setsebi sa Google]). Ha ho pelaelo hore ho sebelisa marang-rang ho bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa liithuti tse nahanang ka melemo e sa tšoaneng. Leha ho le joalo, ho lemalla lithethefatsi ho ka ba le liphello tse sa thabiseng, haholo-holo ho bana ba banyenyane haeba ho se na lisebelisoa kapa taolo ho tsoa ho tataiso e tsoetseng pele kapa e nang le phihlelo. Ho tšehetsa taba ena, Griffith (2001 Griffith, MD (2001). Ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng: Ho shebella le ho ameha ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng. Journal ea Lipatlisiso tsa Thobalano., 38, 333-352.10.1080 / 00224490109552104[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®], [Setsebi sa Google]) o ile a hlalosa ho lemalla lithethefatsi tsa inthanete e le ntho ea bohlokoa bophelong ba liithuti kaha ho ka baka mathata a kelello, khathatso ea kelello le bothata ba kamano. Hape, Xianhua et al. (2013 Xianhua, W., Xinguang, C., Juan, H., Heng, M., Jiaghong, L., Liesl, N., & Hanrong, W. (2013). Ho ata le lisosa tsa ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete har'a bacha ba Wuhan, China: Likamano tsa kamano ea batsoali le lilemo le ho se ts'oenyehe-ho hloka takatso. PLoS One, 8(4), e61782.[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®], [Setsebi sa Google]) o ile a bolela hore liithuti tse sebelisang inthanete li fumaneha ka holimo ho ts'ebetsong-ho se tsitsisehe le kamano e ntle ea botsoali e ka ba moemeli likotsing tsa ho lemalla lithethefatsi. Ha e le hantle, mehopolo e feteletseng ea ho kopanela liphate e ke ke ea hlokomolohuoa e le se ka hlahisoang ke ho sebelisa k'homphieutha ka bana ba sekolo se phahameng; 'me sena se ka' na sa ba le phello litabeng tsa litumelo tsa bona, maikutlo le morero oa ho kopanela liphate.
Ntle le bokhoba ba inthanete, bolutu ho ngoana ea ntseng a hola ho ka mo beha pele habonolo hore a nke liqeto tse sa bonahaleng ka boits'oaro bo itseng joalo ka lipolelo tsa thobalano. Ho ikutloa u jeoa ke bolutu ke mofuta oa ho itšehla thajana moo motho a utloang a se a se haufi le mang kapa mang. Ho ikutloa ho jeoa ke bolutu ho tlalehiloe ho amahanngoa le mathata a puisano le batho le mathata a ho sebelisana le sechaba (Frye-Cox & Hesse, 2013 Frye-Cox, NE, & Hesse, CR (2013). Alexithymia le boleng ba lenyalo: Karolo e phelisang ea bolutu le puisano e haufi-ufi. Journal of Family Psychology, 27(2), 203-211.10.1037 / a0031961[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®], [Setsebi sa Google]). Boikutlo ba ho ba boinotšing kapa ba ka thōko bo ka etsa hore bana ba sekolong se phahameng ba kotsing ea ho kopanela boitšoarong bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate; mohlomong, e le taolo ea maikutlo ho maikutlo a bolutu. Ka mantsoe a mang, ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate ho ka sebelisoa hampe e le mokhoa oa ho sebetsana le bolutu. Lipatlisiso tse fokolang li 'nile tsa batlisisa moelelo oa ho jeoa ke bolutu e le ntho eo ho ka khonehang hore e be eona ea ho qobella ho kopanela liphate. Ka mohlala, Torres le Gore-Felton (2007 Torres, HL, le Gore-Felton, C. (2007). Ho qobelloa, tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi, le bolutu: Bolutu le mofuta oa kotsi ea thobalano (LSRM). Ho lemalla thobalano le ho qobella, 14(1), 63–75. doi:10.1080/10720160601150147[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Setsebi sa Google]) o tlaleha hore boikutlo ba bolutu bo amana le boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate le tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi ho susumetsa boitšoaro ba likotsi tsa thobalano. Sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore ngoana oa sekolo sa bobeli ea ikutloang a jeoa ke bolutu o kotsing ea ho kopanela boitšoarong ba ho kopanela liphate le ho sebelisa lithethefatsi hampe; 'me e ka' na ea qetella e kopanela mekhoeng e sa tšoaneng ea boitšoaro ba likotsi tsa thobalano. Chaney le Burns-Wortham (2015 Chaney, MP, & Burns-Wortham, CM (2015). Ho hlahloba ho tsoa, bolutu, le boitšepo e le tse boletsoeng esale pele tsa ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate ho banna ba bong bo fapaneng le ba bong bo fapaneng. Ho lemalla thobalano le ho qobella, 22(1), 71-88.[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Setsebi sa Google]) hape o tsebisitse hore bolutu hammoho le ho se senole ka ho kopanela liphate le 'mè le ho itšepa ho bolela ho qobella ho kopanela liphate. Tsena li fana ka maikutlo a boleng ba ho jeoa ke bolutu ho khetholla boitšoaro ba thobalano ho batho ka bomong.
Ho qobella ho kopanela liphate ke boitšoaro bo fapaneng. Ka hona, ho utloisisa phapang pakeng tsa tekano ho ka thusa ho tseba hore na ho kopanela liphate ho atile hakae litabeng tsa thobalano. Mohlomong, sena se tla tsebisa bafuputsi ka mokhoa oa ho phekola likokoana-hloko ka lebaka la ho qobella batho ho kopanela liphate e le boloetse le ho ba thusa ka litsela tse ling tse ka khonehang tsa kalafo. E le hore ho khetholle mefuta e mengata ea batho ba amanang le ho kopanela liphate ho bana ba sekolo sa bochabela, phapang pakeng tsa tekano le phallano ea ho kopanela liphate e ile ea phenyekolloa. Ayodele le Akindele-Oscar (2015 Ayodele, KO, & Akindele-Oscar, AB (2015). Litšekamelo tsa kelello tse amanang le boits'oaro ba bacha ba thobalano: Phello e itekanetseng ea bong. British Journal of Education, Mokhatlo le Boitšoaro ba Saense, 6(1), 50-60.[Crossref], [Setsebi sa Google]) ba fumane hore bacha ba lilemong tsa bocha ba tlaleha ho ameha haholo ka litaba tsa botsoalle ho feta banna ba bona. Ka ho tšoanang, McKeague (2014 McKeague, EL (2014). Ho khetholla basali ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate: Ho hlahlojoa ha lingoliloeng ho lebisitse tlhokomelo ho lihlooho tsa phapang pakeng tsa bong bo sebelisetsoang ho tseba litlhahiso tsa ho tšoara basali ba lemalla ho kopanela liphate. Ho lemalla thobalano le ho qobella, 21(3), 203-224.10.1080 / 10720162.2014.931266[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Setsebi sa Google]) e tlalehile hore boitšoaro ba basali ba ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate bo amana haholo. Sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore ha ho ntse ho ka ba le phapang pakeng tsa botona le botšehali ka ho kopanela liphate, basali ba bontša ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka tsela e fapaneng le banna. Ho fapana le sena, Dodge et al. (2004 Dodge, B., Reece, M., Cole, AL, & Sandfort, TGM (2004). Ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate har'a baithuti ba kolecheng ba bong bo fapaneng. Journal ea Lipatlisiso tsa thobalano, 41(4), 343-350.10.1080 / 00224490409552241[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®], [Setsebi sa Google]) o ile a tlaleha banna ba phahameng ka ho kopanela liphate ho feta basali. Liphuputso tsena tse fetileng li bontšitse leha ho le joalo, hore ho na le phapang pakeng tsa tekano le ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate.
Sepheo sa thuto ea joale e ne e le ho hlahloba phapang pakeng tsa tekano le ea sekhahla ka ho qobella batho ho kopanela liphate le ho fumana meputso ea ho jeoa ke bolutu le ho lemalla Inthaneteng ka ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate ho bana ba sekolo se phahameng Nigeria.
mekhoa
Design
Phuputso e ile ea amohela mokhoa oa ho arola likarolo mme ea sebelisa moralo oa lipatlisiso oa mehleng ea morao-rao. Mefuta e ikemetseng ke bong, boemo ba sehlopha, bokhoba ba inthanete le maikutlo a ho jeoa ke bolutu, ha phapang e itšetlehileng ka eona e le khatello ea thobalano. Bong bo ne bo lekantsoe ka mekhahlelo e 'meli (e motona le e motšehali); sehlopha ka mekhahlelo e meraro (SSSI, SSSII & SSSIII), bokhoba ba inthanete le maikutlo a bolutu li ne li lekantsoe ka sekhahla sa nako.
barupeluoa ba
Phuputso e ne e kenyelletsa sampole e bonolo ea bana ba sekolo ba 311 ba khethiloeng likolong tse 'ne (4) tsa Sekolo se kahara motse-moholo oa Ibadan Oyo State, Nigeria. Mohlala o ne o kenyelletsa baithuti ba Senior Secondary School (SSS) ba lihlopha tsa I, II le III. Ho baithuti ba 311, ba 140 (45%) e ne e le banna 'me ba 171 (55%) e ne e le basali ba lilemo tse 13 le 21 (M = 15.61, SD = 1.63 =). Kabo ea baithuti ea bolumeli e bontšitse hore 213 (68.5%) ke Bakreste, 93 (29.9%) ke Mamoseleme mme ba 5 (1.6%) ke ba bolumeli ba setso. Boemo ba sehlopha bo bontšitse hore 100 (32.2%) ba ne ba le SSSI, 75 (24.1%) ba ne ba le SSSII mme 136 (43.7%) ba le SSS III.
Mehato
Lintlha li ile tsa bokelloa ka lipotso tse hlophisitsoeng tse neng li e-na le litšobotsi tsa batho ba ka holimo le litekanyo tse latelang tse ka tšeptjoang tse lekanyang mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea thahasello thutong.
Ho qobella ho kopanela liphate e ile ea hlahlojoa ka ho amoheloa ha 10-ntho ea ho qobella ho kopanela liphate (SCS) e entsoeng ke Kalichman le Rompa (1995 Kalichman, SC, & Rompa, D. (1995). Ho batla maikutlo a thobalano le litekanyo tsa ho qobelloa ho etsa thobalano: Ho tšepahala, bonnete, le ho noha boits'oaro ba kotsi ea HIV. Lenane la Tlhahlobo ea Boitšoaro, 65, 586–601.10.1207/s15327752jpa6503_16[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®], [Setsebi sa Google]) 'me sena se ne se reretsoe ho hlahloba mekhoa ea ho ameha ka ho feteletseng ka ho kopanela liphate le ho khothaletsa. Likarabo ka tekanyo li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka tekanyo ea mofuta oa Likert ka ntlha ea 5, ho tloha ho 'sa rate' ho 'Ho tšoana haholo le' na '. Palo e phahameng ka tekanyetso e bontša tekano e kholo ea ho kopanela liphate ho motho ea arabelang. Habohlokoa le ho feta, SCS e tlalehile hore e na le bopaki bo amohelehang ho batho ba sa tšoaneng ba kang banna le basali ba bong bo tšoanang le ba bong bo fapaneng, banna ba nang le tšoaetso ea HIV le liithuti tsa k'holejeng mabapi le tekano ea bosodoma (Kalichman, Johnson, Adair, et al., 1994 Kalichman, SC, Adair, V., Rompa, D., Multhauf, K., Johnson, J., & Kelly, J. (1994). Ho batla maikutlo a thobalano: Ho nts'etsapele sekhahla le ho bolela esale pele boits'oaro ba kotsi ba AIDS hara banna ba ratang bosodoma. Lenane la Tlhahlobo ea Boitšoaro, 62, 385–397.10.1207/s15327752jpa6203_1[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®], [Setsebi sa Google];; Grov et al., 2010 Grov, C., Parsons, JT, & Bimbi, DS (2010). Ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate le kotsi ea thobalano ho banna ba bong bo fapaneng le ba bong bo fapaneng. Litlaleho tsa Boitšoaro ba Botona le Botšehali, 39, 940–949.10.1007/s10508-009-9483-9[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®], [Setsebi sa Google]). Dodge et al. (2004 Dodge, B., Reece, M., Cole, AL, & Sandfort, TGM (2004). Ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate har'a baithuti ba kolecheng ba bong bo fapaneng. Journal ea Lipatlisiso tsa thobalano, 41(4), 343-350.10.1080 / 00224490409552241[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®], [Setsebi sa Google]) ho tlalehile ho haha matla a SCS; ka ho pheta sekhahla ka mekhahlelo ea boitšoaro bo bobe ba thobalano le palo ea balekane ba thobalano ka sampuli ea liithuti tsa lik'holejeng tse sa nyalaneng; mme likamano tsa bohlokoa li fumanoe. Re tlalehile coefficient ea ho tšepahala ea alpha ea .89 lenaneong la hona joale.
ho jeoa ke bolutu e ile ea hlahlojoa ke 20-ntho ea UCLA Loneliness scale e entsoeng ke Russell, Peplau le Ferguson (1978 Russell, D., Peplau, LA, & Ferguson, ML (1978). Ho nts'etsapele bolutu. Lenane la Tlhahlobo ea Boitšoaro, 42, 290–294.10.1207/s15327752jpa4203_11[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®], [Setsebi sa Google]); e neng e etselitsoe ho lekanya maikutlo a motho ea ikutloang a jeoa ke bolutu le a ho itšehla thajana. Baahloli ba lebeletsoe hore ba bonts'a sekhahla sa Likotlolo sa 5 ho tloha ho 'Ha ho mohla ke ikutloang ka tsela ena' ho 'Ke atisa ho ikutloa ka tsela ena'. Palo e phahameng ka tekanyo e bontša bolutu bo boholo ho motho ea arabelang. Russell (1996 Russell, D. (1996). UCLA boleliness scale (Version 3): Tšepahala, botšepehi, le sebopeho. Lenane la Tlhahlobo ea Boitšoaro, 66, 20–40.10.1207/s15327752jpa6601_2[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®], [Setsebi sa Google]) o tlaleha hore ho na le likaroloana tse lekanang tsa coefficient ho tloha ho .89 ho ea ho .94 le ho hlahloba ho lekanngoa ha teko ea .73. Re tlalehile coefficient ea ho tšepahala ea alpha ea .92 lenaneong la hona joale.
Internet Addiction e ile ea hlahlojoa ke lintho tsa 20 Teko ea Tšebeliso ea Matla a Inthanete (YIAT20) e entsoeng ke Young (1998 E monyenyane, KS (1998). Ho fumanoa ka letlooa: Tsela ea ho lemoha matšoao a ho lemalla marang-rang - le leano la ho hlōla. KS Young (Ed.), 605 Third Avenue (maq. 10158-0012. 248). New York, NY: Wiley. [Setsebi sa Google]). Sekala se lekola hore na ts'ebeliso ea marang-rang ea ba arabelitsoeng e ama ts'ebetso ea bona ea letsatsi le letsatsi joang, bophelo ba sechaba, tlhahiso, mokhoa oa ho robala le maikutlo (Frangos, Frangos, & Sotiropoulos, 2012 Frangos, CC, Frangos, CC, & Sotiropoulos, I. (2012). Meta-analysis of ho tšepahala ha tlhahlobo ea lithethefatsi ea bacha ea inthanete. Proceedings of the World Congress ka Engineering, Vol I. July 4-6, London: WCE. [Setsebi sa Google]). Likarabo ka tekanyo li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka sekhahla sa mofuta oa Liketeng sa 5, ho tloha ho 'Ka tloaelo' ho ea ho 'Kamehla'. Palo e phahameng ka tekanyo e bonts'a ho lemalla ho hoeletsa ha internet ho motho ea arabelang. Thutong ea morao tjena, re fumane coefficient ea ho tšepahala hoa alpha .73.
Ho nahanela melao le mekhoa
E le ho etsa bonnete ba hore ho na le tlhokomelo e nepahetseng litokisong tsa pokello ea lits'ebeletso, kopo ea litloaelo e ile ea etsoa 'me ea amoheloa ke Likomiti tsa Boits'oaro ba Likolo moo ho fanoang matsatsi a ho kopana le baokameli ba sekolo. Lihlooho tsa sekolo li ile tsa tsebisoa ka ho eketsehileng ka lipakane tsa lipatlisiso. Lipotso tsa lipotso li ne li tsamaisoa ho liithuti tsa lihlopha tsa bona tse sa tšoaneng. Barupeluoa bohle ba ile ba tsebisoa ka thuto le tumello e ngotsoeng ka mokhoa o tšoanang. Ha ho liithuti tse fuoang matšeliso bakeng sa ho kopanela thutong. Nakong ea ho kopana le liithuti, re hatelitse hore mabitso a bona ha a hlokehe ho tlatsa lipotso tsa tlhahlobo le hore boitsebiso bo fanoeng bo ne bo tla sebelisoa bakeng sa lipatlisiso feela. Ka lipotso tsa 400 tse fanoeng, 364 e ile ea fumanoa ka ho feletseng ho tsoa ho barupeluoa bao ho lona, 311 e phethiloeng hantle. Tsena li ne li sebelisetsoa lipatlisiso tsa lintlha thutong. Nomoro ea sebele ea lipotso tse sebelisitsoeng e bontša tekanyo ea karabo ea 77.75%; e lahlile 53 e sa kang ea phethoa hantle.
Lipatlisiso tsa sethathamo
Boitsebiso bo bokelitsoeng bo ne bo lekanngoa ho sebelisa tlhahiso ea IBM SPSS 24. Lipalo-palo tse hlalosang le tse fokolang li ne li ngotsoe thutong. Lipalo-palo tse hlalosang tse kang moelelo, ho fapana ha maemo le liphesente li ile tsa sebelisoa ho hlahloba litšobotsi tsa batho ba ba arabelitsoeng. Lipalo-palo tse sa tsitsang tsa mefuta e mengata ea boipiletso le e mengata e sa tloaelehang e ne e baloa. Tlhahlobo ea likamano tse amanang le likamano tse ling e ile ea etsoa ho boloka likamano pakeng tsa mefuta eohle, ka mor'a moo mekhoa e 'meli ea bobeli ba mekhoa ea boipheliso e sebelisetsoang ho hlahloba meputso e ikemetseng le e kopanetsoeng ea mekhoa ea ho iketsetsa lipatlisiso ho hlalosa moelelo o fapaneng oa thuto. Qalong, ho lemalla ho kena Inthaneteng ho ile ha kenngoa 'me boemong ba bobeli, boikutlo ba ho jeoa ke bolutu bo kene. Lipalo-palo li tlalehiloe bohlokoa ho .01 le .05 maemo a bohlokoa.
Results
Liphetho tse amanang tsa likamano
Liphello tsa likamano tse hlalosang lihlahisoa tse amanang le mefuta-futa ea Tlhahlobo 1 li bontšitse hore lilemo tsa batho ba arabelitsoeng hantle li amana le boemo ba sehlopha (r = .58; p < .01) le lithethefatsi tsa inthanete (r = .12; p <.01), empa ha a etse joalo ka bolutu (r = −.01; p > .05) le ho qobelloa ho etsa thobalano (r = .08; p > .05). Boemo ba sehlopha ha bo amane le bokhoba ba inthanete (r = .10; p > .05), bolutu (r = .01; p > .05) le ho qobelloa ho etsa thobalano (r = .06; p > .05). Bokhoba ba inthanete bo amana haholo le bolutu (r = .32; p <.01) le ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate (r = .47; p <.01). Ho jeoa ke bolutu ho amana hantle le ho qobelloa ho etsa thobalano (r = .38; p <.01).
Letlapa la 1. Ho boleloa, ho fapana ka tsela e tloaelehileng le matšelisano a correlational pakeng tsa mefuta-futa ea thuto (N = 311).
Liphetho tse peli tsa boipelaetso ba mekhoa ea boipheliso
Liphello tsa mekhoa e 'meli ea mekhoa e metle ea mefuta e mengata ea lihlopha tse hlahelang morao ka Tlhahlobo 2 li bontšitse hore ka mohlala, ho lemalla li-intanete ho ile ha tlatsetsa haholo mofuteng oa mokhoa oa ho laola, F (1, 309) = 88.63, p <.01 mme e ikarabella bakeng sa 22% ea phapang ea khatello ea thobalano. Ho eketsoa ha bolutu ka mohlala oa bobeli ho lebisitse keketsehong e kholo ho 28% ea phapang ea ho qobelloa ho etsa thobalano le tlatsetso e kopanetsoeng mokhoeng oa khatello. F(2, 308) = 60.47, p <.01. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, mokhoeng oa bobeli, bokhoba ba inthanete (β = .39, p <.01) le bolutu (β = .26, p <.01) ba ne ba boletse esale pele ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate har'a bana ba sekolo se mahareng.
Letlapa la 2. Kakaretso ea tlhaloso ea boipelaetso ba morao-rao bakeng sa mefuta-futa e bolelang ho qobella ho kopanela liphate ho bana ba sekolo sa sekolo (N = 311).
Lethathamong la 3, phapang pakeng tsa botona le botšehali ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate e ne e phenyekolloa har'a bana ba sekolo sa sekolo ba sebelisa teko ea tekano mme e fumanoe hore banna ba arabelitsoeng (M = 25.28, SD = 10.04) e tlalehile haholo tlhekefetso ea thobalano ho feta balekane ba eona ba basali (M = 19.96, SD = 9.37). Phello e bonts'a hore ho na le phapang ea bong maemong a ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate har'a bana ba sekolo se mahareng t(309) = 4.82, p = .000.
Tafole 3. t-Tlhahlobo ea bana ba sekolo sa bobeli le ba basali ka ho kopanela liphate.
Ha ho hlahlojoa tšusumetso ea boemo ba sekolo ka ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate, Tsela e le 'ngoe Tlhahlobo ea Phapang (ANOVA) e ile ea etsoa' me liphello ho Lethathamo 4 ha li bontše tšusumetso e khōlō ea boemo ba lihlopha ka ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate F(2, 308) = .58, p = .558. Leha ho le joalo, ho shebella pontšo e hlakileng ea maemo a sehlopha ho supa hore qobello ea thobalano ea eketseha ha bana ba sekolo se mahareng ba fihla sehlopheng se phahameng (bona Setšoantšo 1).
Letlapa la 4. Kakaretso ea tsela e le 'ngoe ea li-ANOVA tsa maemo a lihlopha ka ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate.
Setšoantšo sa 1. E fana ka tlhahlobo e hlakileng ea lihlopha tsa bana ba sekolong se phahameng le boemo ba bona ba ho kopanela liphate.
Puisano
Litlhahlobo tsa Correlational li senotse likamano tsa bohlokoa tse tobileng lipakeng tsa ho lemalla inthanete le ho qobelloa ho etsa thobalano. Sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore bana ba sekolo se mahareng ba lemaletse ts'ebeliso ea inthanete, mme ba sekametse ho boitšoaro bo tlamang ba thobalano. Ho ile ha hlokomeloa hape hore bokhoba ba inthanete bo ne bo boletse esale pele ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate har'a bana ba sekolo se mahareng. Liphuputso tsena li tsamaellana le lithuto tsa pejana tse netefalitseng kamano e ntle lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso ea inthanete le boits'oaro bo eketsehileng ba boits'oaro le boits'oaro ho baithuti (Adebayo, Udegbe, & Sunmola, 2006 Adebayo, DO, Udegbe, IB, & Sunmola, AM (2006). Bong, ts'ebeliso ea inthanete, le boits'oaro ba thobalano har'a bacha ba Nigeria. Cyber Psychology le Boitšoaro, 9(6), 742-752.10.1089 / cpb.2006.9.742[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Setsebi sa Google];; Xianhua et al., 2013 Xianhua, W., Xinguang, C., Juan, H., Heng, M., Jiaghong, L., Liesl, N., & Hanrong, W. (2013). Ho ata le lisosa tsa ts'ebeliso e mpe ea inthanete har'a bacha ba Wuhan, China: Likamano tsa kamano ea batsoali le lilemo le ho se ts'oenyehe-ho hloka takatso. PLoS One, 8(4), e61782.[Crossref], [Lebokose], [Websaete ea Science ®], [Setsebi sa Google]). E fana ka maikutlo a hore ho qobella ho kopanela liphate ho ka bakoang ke ho tšoenyeha ka menahano le litakatso tsa thobalano ke likarolo tsa likotsi tsa bothata ba ho sebelisa inthanete kapa ho lemalla li-inthanete ho liithuti.
E ile ea senoloa hape hore ho na le kamano e tobileng pakeng tsa bolutu le ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate ho teng. Sena se bolela hore barutoana ba sekolo se phahameng ba ikutloa ba jeoa ke bolutu kapa ba le bang, ha ba ntse ba ameha haholo ka menahano ea thobalano e ka 'nang ea etsa hore ba itšoare ka ho kopanela liphate. Ho jeoa ke bolutu ho ile ha fumanoa hore e na le monehelo o ikemetseng ha ho hlalosoa ho qobella batho ho kopanela liphate bana ba sekolo se phahameng. Liphuputso tsena li tsamaisana le Torres le Gore-Felton (2007 Torres, HL, le Gore-Felton, C. (2007). Ho qobelloa, tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi, le bolutu: Bolutu le mofuta oa kotsi ea thobalano (LSRM). Ho lemalla thobalano le ho qobella, 14(1), 63–75. doi:10.1080/10720160601150147[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Setsebi sa Google]); eo pejana a ileng a tlaleha botsoalle ba bohlokoa pakeng tsa boikutlo ba bolutu le boitšoaro bo boima ba ho kopanela liphate. Ka hona, bana ba sekolong se phahameng ba setseng ba sa tsejoe kapa ba sa tsejoe ba pepesehetse boitšoaro bo kotsi bo ka kotsing bokamoso ba bona.
Liphello tsa ts'ebetso e mengata ea mahlahahlaha a mangata li boetse li senola hore ho lemalla marang-rang le boikutlo ba ho jeoa ke bolutu ka bobeli ho boletsoe ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate thutong ena. Se fumanoeng se tšehetsa Chaney le Burns-Wortham (2015 Chaney, MP, & Burns-Wortham, CM (2015). Ho hlahloba ho tsoa, bolutu, le boitšepo e le tse boletsoeng esale pele tsa ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate ho banna ba bong bo fapaneng le ba bong bo fapaneng. Ho lemalla thobalano le ho qobella, 22(1), 71-88.[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Setsebi sa Google]) ba ileng ba hlokomela hore bolutu hammoho le mefuta e meng e kang ho se tsejoe ka ho kopanela liphate le 'mè le boitlhompho bo boletsoeng esale pele ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate. Leha ho le joalo, ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi ea Inthaneteng e fumanoe hore e ngotse karolo ea bohlokoa e phahameng Sena se hlalosa kamoo ho lemalla ho ts'ebelisoang ke Inthanete ho nang le tšusumetso ea ho kopanela liphate le maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate ho bana ba sekolo se phahameng. Mohlomong, ho Kopanela liphate Inthaneteng (OSA) joalokaha ho tlalehiloe ke Eleuteri, Tripodi, Petruccelli, Rossi, le Simonelli (2014 Eleuteri, S., Tripodi, F., Petruccelli, I., Rossi, R., & Simonelli, C. (2014). Lipotso le sekala sa tlhahlobo ea liketso tsa thobalano tse fumanehang marang-rang: Tlhahlobo ea lilemo tse 20 tsa lipatlisiso. Cyberpsychology: Journal ea Lipatlisiso tsa Lipatlisiso ka Cyberspace, 8(1), sehlooho sa 1. doi: 10.5817 / CP2014-1-2[Crossref], [Setsebi sa Google]) ke sepheo se seholo sa tšebeliso ea Inthanete ho baahi bana; ho e-na le bakeng sa thuto e ntle le tsebo. Leha ho le joalo, OSA e tlalehiloe hore e na le litšobotsi tse ntle le tse mpe, litsela tsa eona tsa ho kopanela liphate tse mpe le tse kotsi li mamella.
Ho feta moo, ho ne ho e-na le phapang pakeng tsa botona le botšehali. Bana ba sekolo sa bobeli ba sekolo ba ne ba e-na le boikarabelo ba ho kopanela liphate ho feta basali ba bona. Tlhaloso ena e lumellana le Dodge et al. (2004 Dodge, B., Reece, M., Cole, AL, & Sandfort, TGM (2004). Ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate har'a baithuti ba kolecheng ba bong bo fapaneng. Journal ea Lipatlisiso tsa thobalano, 41(4), 343-350.10.1080 / 00224490409552241[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Websaete ea Science ®], [Setsebi sa Google]) hore banna ba qobella ho kopanela liphate boitšoarong ho feta basali. Phapang ena ea botona le botšehali e ka bakoa ke lits'ebeletso tsa moetlo le moetlo tse bonahalang li lumellana le banna ka ho bua ka thobalano ho feta ho basali. Hape re ile ra hlahloba phapang pakeng tsa lihlopha ka tsela eo bana ba sekolo sa bochabela ba tlalehang ho qobella batho ho kopanela liphate. Ha ho phapang e khōlō e fumanoeng ka ho kopanela liphate. Leha ho le joalo, ho ne ho e-na le pontšo ea hore ha liithuti li ntse li hatela pele, ho na le menyetla ea ho ameha haholo ka mehopolo ea thobalano. Sena se lumellana le tlaleho ea Perry, Accordino, le Hewes (2007 Perry, M., Accordino, MP, & Hewes, RL (2007). Patlisiso ea ts'ebeliso ea inthanete, ho batla thobalano le maikutlo a bong bo fapaneng, le ho qobelloa ho etsa thobalano har'a baithuti ba koleche. Ho lemalla thobalano le ho qobella, 14(4), 321-335.10.1080 / 10720160701719304[Taylor le Francis Inthaneteng], [Setsebi sa Google]) hore liithuti tse ka holimo li na le keketseho ea ho batla maikutlo a ho kopanela liphate ho feta liithuti tse tlaase. Mohlomong, barutoana ba ithuta ho balekane ba bona kapa ba tseba ho eketsehileng ha ba batla boitsebiso bo amanang le thobalano.
Nahanisisa
Ka lebaka la seo re se fumaneng, liqeto tse latelang li behiloe ka pele: Pele, ho lemalla internet le ho jeoa ke bolutu haholo (ka boikemelo le ka ho kopana) ho tlatselitse ho hlalosa boemo ba ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate ho bana ba sekolo sa sekolo se nang le lithethefatsi tsa inthanete ho ngolisa monehelo o moholo. Ntlha ea bobeli, ho na le phapang pakeng tsa tekano le boemo ba bana ba sekolo sa sekolo se bolelang hore ba qobelloa ho kopanela liphate le barutoana ba banna ba ngolang boemo bo phahameng. Leha ho le joalo, boemo ba lihlopha ha boa ka ba susumetsa haholo likamano tsa botona le botšehali ho baithuti, ho na le letšoao la hore liithuti li ka ameha haholo ka menahano ea thobalano e ka lebisang boitšoarong ba ho kopanela liphate ho qobella likoloto ha li ntse li tsoela pele likolong.
Litlhahiso
Liphello tsa thuto ena li bohlokoa ho hlahloba ho utloahala ha thobalano har'a bacha. Ka hona ho khothalletsoa hore ho be le thuto ea thobalano le thibelo ea tšireletso le ho hatisa puisano e bonolo ea motsoali le bana hammoho le mehato ea ho laola internet bakeng sa ho hōlisa bana hantle (ka bobeli lapeng le likolong). Re khothaletsa hore tikoloho ea sekolo e be e nang le botsoalle ho lekaneng bakeng sa bana ba sekolo se phahameng ho bua ka mathata a bona a amanang le thobalano ntle le tšabo. Hape, mananeo a thehiloeng sekolong a lokela ho kenngoa ts'ebetsong a tsepamisitse maikutlo ho ruta bana ba sekolo se phahameng likarolong tsohle tsa boitšoaro ba likamano tsa thobalano le lisosa tsa kotsi le kamoo ba ka hlōlang ho senya maikutlo a thobalano. Lapeng, batsoali ba lokela ho ipha nako ea puisano e bulehileng pakeng tsa bona le li-ward tsa bona litabeng tse thata tse kang ho kopanela liphate le lintho tse amanang le likotsi le mekhoa ea ho sebetsana le mathata. Haholo-holo, batsoali ba lokela ho fana ka nako e lekaneng bakeng sa li-ward tsa bona le ho shebella mesebetsi ea bona e tlohe le likolong. Tsena tsohle li ne li ka finyelloa ka ho ameha ha litsebi tsa kelello tsa sekolo kapa baeletsi.
Mongoli 'monehelo
AML o thehiloe mme o entse moralo. AML o ngotse mekhahlelo le likarolo tsa liphetho mme a tlatsetsa ho kenyelletsong le puisano. ESI e tlatselitse ho kenyelletsong le puisano.
Tlhaloso ea boitsebiso
Bangoli ba phatlalatsa hore ha ho na likhohlano tsa thahasello.
Lintlha ho bafani
Abiodun Musbau Lawal ke morupeli Lefapheng la Psychology, University University, Oye-Ekiti, 'Muso oa Ekiti, Nigeria. Lipatlisiso tsa hae tsa lipatlisiso li lebisa tlhokomelo ho tsoelo-pele, mathata a thibelo ea bophelo bo botle, HIV / AIDS, tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi le bophelo bo botle ba kelello.
Letsatsi la Erhabor Idemudia ke moprofesa e mong oa lipatlisiso Setsing sa Thuto ea Botho le Sechaba, Univesithing ea North-West, Campus Mafikeng, Mmabatho, Afrika Boroa. Likarolo tsa hae tsa lipatlisiso li lebisa tlhokomelo litabeng tsa mahlomola, lihlopha tse tlokotsing, lichankaneng le tsa kelello ea setso
Ho ananela
Bangoli ba lumela thuso e fanoang ke liithuti ho tlatsa lipotso tsa lipotso bakeng sa thuto. Hape, boetapele ba likolo tsa bobeli bo sebelisoa e le litokisetso tsa thuto ho ananeloa ka ho etsa hore sepakapaka se amohelehe bakeng sa pokello ea lintlha.
References
- Adebayo, DO, Udegbe, IB, & Sunmola, AM (2006). Bong, ts'ebeliso ea inthanete, le boits'oaro ba thobalano har'a bacha ba Nigeria. Cyber Psychology le Boitšoaro, 9(6), 742-752.10.1089 / cpb.2006.9.742
,
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