Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2015 Nov 20.
Vandenbosch L1, van Oosten JM1, Peter J1.
inahaneloang
Morero oa thuto ena e ne e le ho etsa lipatlisiso hore na ho pepesetsoa litaba tsa thelevisheneng le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete (IP) ho amana le boitlhahlobo ba tsa thobalano mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba.
Re ipapisitse le tlhahlobo e entsoeng ka mahlakore a mabeli har'a bacha ba 1,765 ba lilemo li 13-17, re fumane hore ho shebella litaba tsa thobalano ka sepheo sa ho etsa thobalano ho khothalelitse bacha ho itlhahisa le ho aba litšoantšo tsa thobalano ka bona ho media oa sechaba. Ka mor'a moo, ho itlhahisa ka ho kopanela liphate mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba ho etsa hore bacha ba shebelle litaba tsa thelevisheneng hangata haholo. tsena likamano li ne li tšoana hara bashanyana le banana.
Ha ho kamano e teng pakeng tsa ho pepesehela IP le boits'oaro ba bashanyana le banana ba boits'oaro litabeng tsa sechaba. Liphetho li fana ka maikutlo a hore litaba tsa thobalano mecheng ea litaba e tloaelehileng e kanna ea bolela boits'oaro ba bacha ba ho kopanela liphate mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba le ka tsela e fapaneng.
Ho feta moo, bacha ba bonahala ba khetholla pakeng tsa mefuta ea thobalano (ka mantsoe a mang, ho bapisoa le litaba tsa thobalano tse hlakileng) ha ba kenyelletsa litaba tsa thobalano le boitšoaro ba bona ba thobalano marang-rang.
Boitsebiso ba Mongoli
Laura Vandenbosch, PhD, Johanna MF van Oosten, PhD, le Jochen Peter, PhD
Sekolo sa lipatlisiso tsa puisano sa Amsterdam, ASCoR, Univesithi ea Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Lengolo la aterese ho:
Dr. Johanna MF van Oosten
Sekolo sa lipatlisiso tsa puisano sa Amsterdam, ASCoR
Univesithi ea Amsterdam
PO Box 15791
1001 NG Amsterdam
Netherlands
E-mail: [imeile e sirelelitsoe]
Selelekela
Mecha ea litaba ea sechaba e tsebahala haholo har'a bacha, ha bacha ba hlahloba litaba tsa litaba tsa bacha le litlatsetso tsa poso letsatsi le letsatsi.1 Haufinyane tjena, patlisiso e bontšitse hore bacha le bona ba sebelisa mecha ea litaba ea sechaba ho bapatsa litšoantšo tsa bona tse tsosang takatso ea botona kapa ea botšehali.2-4 Mohlala, tlhahlobo ea litaba e senotse hore mocha a le mong ho ba bahlano o bontšitse litšoantšo tse senolang ka thobalano sephiring sa hae sa marang-rang.5 Phuputso e 'ngoe e bontšitse hore ho fihlela halofo ea lipapatso tsa bongoana e na le setšoantšo sa motho ea lilemong tsa bocha.6 Leha, leha ho le joalo, leha lipatlisiso mabapi le ho ata ha litšoantšo tsa thobalano ho mecha ea litaba tsa sechaba li eketsehile,5-7 ha ho tsejoe hobaneng bacha ba khetha ho itlhahisa ka tsela ea thobalano ho profiles tsa bona tsa marang-rang.
Khahlano le nalane ena, litsebi li hlokometse hore ho ata ha litšoantšo tsa thobalano mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba ho bonahala ho bontša ho ata ha melaetsa ea thobalano mecheng ea litaba tse ngata tse ratoang ke bacha.7-9 Ka lebaka leo, litsebi tse ithutang boholo10 hammoho le sechabeng8 Mecha ea litaba e bitsitse lipatlisiso, ho ithuta likamano lipakeng tsa ho pepesehela litaba tsa thobalano mecheng ea litaba tse ngata le ts'ebeliso ea litaba tsa sechaba ho aba litaba tsa thobalano tse hlahisoang ke basebelisi. Ho sebetsana le lacuna ena, thuto ea hajoale e ikemiselitse ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa mekhatlo lipakeng tsa ho pepesehela litaba tsa thobalano mecheng ea litaba tse ngata le boits'oaro ba bashemane le banana ka tsa thobalano mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba.
Mabapi le metswedi ya dikgang, thutopatlisiso e tla lebisa tlhokomelo ho dikahare tsa thobalano tsa thelevishene le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete (IP) ka lebaka la ho tuma ha bona ho bacha le boemo ba bona bo phahameng ba thobalano. Mananeo a thelevishene a 'nete a hohela bashebelli ba lilemong tsa bocha11,12 hape e tsebahala ka ho shebana le eona ka thobalano.11,13-16 Mabapi le IP, batho ba bangata ba na le monyetla oa ho kopana le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa bongoaneng17,18 ka liperesente tse ka bang 10 tse iponahatsang e le basebelisi khafetsa.19 IP e ka hlalosoa e le "lifoto tse hlahisitsoeng hantle kapa tse hlahisoang ke basebelisi kapa livideo (linepe) ho kapa ho tsoa inthaneteng tse reretsoeng ho tsosa sebali. Livideo tsena le litšoantšo li bontša liketso tsa thobalano, joalo ka ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa tsa botšehali, ho kenella ka hare ho setho sa botšehali le ho kenella ka botšehaling ka tsela e sa patiloeng, hangata ho atamelana haufi le litho tsa botona kapa tsa botšehali. ”19(pp1015-1016) Bohlahlobisisi ba litaba bo bonts'itse hore li-thelevishene le IP tsa nnete li lula li hlahisa 'mele e hantle ebile li hatisa boipiletso ba thobalano ba batho bao ho buuoang ka bona.20-24
Ka lebaka la bohlokoa ba ho hohela thobalano ho mecha ea litaba, bareki khafetsa ba mecha ea litaba ba kanna ba batla ho itlhahisa ka tsela ea thobalano. Khopolo ea kelello ea sechaba25 e fana ka maikutlo a ho pepesehela litšusumetso tsa tikoloho (mohlala, ho shebella boits'oaro ba thobalano ba mefuta e khahlehang mecheng ea litaba) ho ka khothaletsa batho ka boits'oaro ho etsa mohlala (mohlala, ho etsa boitšoaro ba thobalano bo ts'oanang le boits'oaro ba mehlala e shebiloeng). Ka hona, lipatlisiso li bontšitse hore ho shebella thelevisheneng ea thobalano ho amana le lilemo tse nyane tsa ho qala thobalano26 le palo e kholo ea balekane ba ratanang.26 Boithuto bo boetse bo fumane hore ho sebelisa IP ho amana hantle le balekane ba bangata ba thobalano27-29 le mefuta e fapaneng ea thobalano.30 Leha ho le joalo, re ntse re hloka tsebo mabapi le kamano lipakeng tsa ho pepesehela melaetsa ea thobalano mecheng ea litaba tse ngata le hore na basebelisi ba itlhahisa ka mokhoa oa thobalano mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba. Joalokaha lipatlisiso tsa pejana li fana ka maikutlo a hore boits'oaro ba basebelisi ba bacha bo amana le boits'oaro ba mehlala mecheng ea litaba tsa batho ba bangata, re nahana hore ho pepesehela litaba tsa thelevishene tsa 'nete tsa thobalano (H1) le IP (H2) ho tla bolela esale pele tlhahiso ea thobalano mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba.
Haufi le kamano lipakeng tsa ho pepesetsoa litaba tsa bongata le litaba tse hlahisoang ke batho mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba, ketso e fapaneng le ena e utloahala. Khopolo ea ho se hlonephehe ka mohlala, e fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba susumetsoa ho batla tlhahisoleseling e lumellanang le maikutlo le boits'oaro ba bona.31 Kahoo batho ka bomong ba ka qoba pherekano e hlahang ha ba kopana le tlhaiso-leseling e sa hlakang.31 Tumellanong le sena, lipatlisiso tsa nako e telele li bonts'itse hore ho ba le thobalano ho khothalelitse khetho ea litaba tsa thobalano thelevisheneng, mmino, limakasine le lipapali tsa video ha nako e ntse e ea.32 Ka hona, haeba bacha ba itlhahisa ka tsela ea thobalano mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba, ba ka khetha ho ja litaba tsa bongata ba litaba tseo ho tsona batho bao ho buuoang ka bona ba itlhahisang e le bahale. Ka hona, re nahana hore boitlhatlhobo ba thobalano ho mecha ea litaba ea sechaba bo tla eketsa ho pepeseha litaba tsa thelevishene tsa nnete (H3) le IP (H4). Hypotheses 1-4 li khutsufalitsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 1.
Sheba mofuta o moholo (33K)FEIE. 1. Mohlala o inahaneloang oa likamano lipakeng tsa ho pepesehela litaba tsa thobalano mecheng ea litaba tsa batho ba bangata (ke hore, litaba tsa thobalano le litaba tsa bootsoa inthaneteng) le boits'oaro ba thobalano mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba.
Tlhahisoleseling mabapi le ho jarolla
Ha o ithuta kamano ea ho iphetetsa lipakeng tsa ho pepesehela litaba tsa thobalano ho mecha ea litaba le boitlhahlobo ba marang-rang bo amanang le thobalano, ho bohlokoa ho nahana ka likhaohano tsa bong. Khopolo ea setsoalle le batho ba bong e totobatsa hore banana le bashanyana ba thabela setsoalle le boits'oaro bo fapaneng.33 Ha bashanyana ba lebelletsoe ho bapala karolo ea bona likamanong tsa thobalano, banana ba khothaletsoa ho bapala karolo ea bona feela.33 Moelelong ona, ho hohela thobalano ho bohlokoa haholo ho banana ho feta ho bashanyana,33 e ka amanang le banana ba itlhahisang khafetsa ka tsela ea thobalano mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba.5,34-36
Liphapang lipakeng tsa bashanyana le banana le tsona li fumanoe ka moo phatlalatso ea litaba e amanang le boits'oaro ba bacha ba thobalano. Tumellanong le karolo e mafolofolo ea bashanyana, thuto ea nako e telele ea nako e telele37 o fumane hore ho pepesetsoa litaba tsa thobalano ho hlohlelletsa boitšoaro ba thobalano ho bashanyana feela. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, boitšoaro ba thobalano bo ne bo baka ho pepesetsoa litaba tsa thobalano ho banana feela. Kahoo thuto e khothalelitse hore phello ea litaba e hlahile hara bashanyana, athe phello ea khetho e etsahetse ho banana. Mohlomong, ho pepesetsoa litaba tsa thobalano ho khothaletsa bashanyana ho batla ka matla likamano tsa botona le botšehali, athe banana ba batla bonnete ba boitšoaro ba bona ba thobalano ts'ebelong ea bona ea litaba (kaha ha e lumellane haholo le karolo ea bona ea thobalano).37 Leha ho le joalo, lithuto tse ling38-40 e ileng ea lekola likamano lipakeng tsa ho pepesetsoa mecha ea litaba ea thobalano le sephetho sa thobalano ha e so fumane liphapang tsa bong. Khahlano le semelo sena, re botsa hore na bong bo ntlafatsa likamano tsa boteng pakeng tsa ho pepesetsoa litaba tsa thelevishene / IP le tlhahiso-leseling e mabapi le thobalano ho media oa sechaba (RQ1).
Holimo ho Fomu
Tlas'a foromo
mekhoa
Tsamaiso
Boithuto ba hajoale bo nka maqhubu a mabeli a thuto ea maqhubu a mararo le nako ea likhoeli tsa 6. Maqhubu a mabeli a pele a ile a khannoa ka Mots'eanong le Mphalane 2013. Re khethile maqhubu a mabeli a pele hobane lipapatso tse peli tse tummeng tsa nnete li ile tsa phatlalatsoa ka nako eo (bona litlhaloso tsa pepesoa le litaba tsa thelevisheneng tsa thobalano) Netherlands. Boithuto bo entsoe har'a bacha ba 13- ho isa lilemong tsa 17. Sampling le mosebetsi oa masimong li ile tsa etsoa tsa ba tsa hlophisoa ke Veldkamp, setsi sa tlhahlobo sa maDutch. Mohlala ona o ne o le mohlala ka lekunutu ho tsoa lenaneng la bocha la marang-rang la bocha ba lilemong tsa bocha, le tsamaisoang ke Veldkamp. Barupeluoa ba ile ba tlatsa lethathamo la lipotso tsa inthanete lapeng, tse nkileng metsotso e 20 ho e qeta. Bakeng sa potso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e tlatsitsoeng, barupeluoa ba amohetse puseletso ea 5 Euro.
sampole
Qalong, bacha ba 2,137 ba ile ba nka karolo. Likhoeli tse tšeletseng hamorao, bacha ba 1,765 ba ile ba nka karolo hape (sekhahla sa ho hohela = liperesente tsa 17.4). Ha a sebelisa Pillai's Trace, MANOVA e bonts'itse hore ho ne ho se na phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa ba arabileng ba nkang karolo feela ho Wave 1 le ba arabelitsoeng ho nka karolo maqhubu ka bobeli mabapi le lilemo, boits'oaro, bong, ho pepesehela litaba tsa thelevishene tsa nnete ka thobalano, ho pepesehela IP le boits'oaro ba thobalano inthaneteng. moqoqo, V = 0.005, F(6, 2130) = 1.73, p = 0.11, Mongp2 = 0.005. Ka hona ha ho na monyetla oa hore ho hohela ho bakile leeme le hlophisehileng data.
Mehato
Lipalo-palo tse hlalosang le thepa ea psychometric bakeng sa mefuta eohle e loketseng le sekala li bontšitsoe ho Lethathamo 1.
Tafole 1. Lipalopalo tse Hlalosang le Litumellano tsa Zero-Order (N = 1,765)
Tlhahisoleseling ea sechaba
Babuelli ba bontšitse lilemo tsa bona le bong ba bona (0 = moshanyana; 1 = ngoanana). Litaba tsa thobalano li lekantsoe ke H-seka41 'me ea nchafatsoa ho latela ts'ebetso e sebelisitsoeng ke Peter le Valkenburg19 (0 = heterosexual feela; 1 = eseng monna oa bong bo fapaneng).
Ho pepesehela litaba tsa thelevisheneng tsa 'nete
Ka sekala sa Likert se nang le lintlha tse supileng (1 = ha ho mohla ho isa ho 7 = ketsahalo e ngoe le e ngoe), re ile ra lekanya hore na ba arabetsoeng hangata ba shebelletse mananeo a mabeli a nnete joang (a) “Jersey Shore” ea MTV le (b) “Geordie Shore” ea MTV nakong ea likhoeli tse 6 pele ho phuputso. Lipontšo tsena tsa 'nete tsa thobalano li phatlalalitsoe pele le nakong ea pokello ea lintlha.
Ho hlahella ho IP
Babuelli ba bontšitse boholo ba nako eo ba e shebileng ka boomo marang-rang, (a) litšoantšo tse nang le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse pepesitsoeng, (b) livideo tse nang le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse hlakileng, (c) litšoantšo tseo batho ba etsang thobalano le bona, (d) kapa livideo ho tsona eo batho ba etsang thobalano ho eona, ka makhetlo a supileng (ha ho mohla = 1 ka makhetlo a 'maloa ka letsatsi = 7).42 Tlhahlobo ea karolo ea mantlha e khothalelitse hore lintho tsohle li laetsoe nthong e le 'ngoe (Nako 1 eigenvalue = 3.56; hlalositse phapang = Karolo ea 88.96).
Ho itlhahisa ka thobalano inthaneteng
Haeba ba arabetseng ba sebelisitse metswedi ea litaba tsa sechaba, ba ile ba kopuoa ho supa, bakeng sa likhoeli tse fetileng tsa 6 le ka sekhahla sa Likert-point tse supileng (1 = le ka mohla ho 7 = kamehla), ba ne ba beha lifoto tse ngata hakae ba iponahatsa (a) ka setšoantšo se hlakileng , (b) ea nang le ponahalo e ntle, (c) a apere haholo (mohlala, sutu ea ho hlapela kapa liaparo tsa ka tlasa), le (d) setulong se chesang se chesang. Bacha bao ho neng ho se mohla ba kileng ba sebelisa mecha ea litaba ea sechaba ho Waves 1 le / kapa 2 (n = 179)a ba fuoe khoutu 1 ("ha ho mohla"), kaha ba ne ba sa ka ba ba le monyetla oa ho itlhahisa ka tsela ea thobalano. Tlhahlobo ea karolo ea mantlha e bontšitse hore lintho tsohle tse laetsoeng nthong e le 'ngoe (Nako ea 1 eigenvalue = 2.81; hlalositse phapang = Karolo ea 70.13).
Leano la tlhahlobo
Modical formation equation (software AMOS 7), mokhoa oa ho lekanya bokhoni, e sebelisitsoe ho leka li-hypotheses le mohlala o ho Setšoantšo sa 1. Mofuta o mong le o mong oa morao-rao o ile oa boleloa esale pele ke lintho tse sebelisitsoeng ho lekanya sebopeho: ho pepesehela litaba tsa thelevisheneng tsa thobalano ho boletsoe esale pele ke lintho tse peli tse hlahang; ho pepesetsoa tlhahiso-leseling ea IP le thobalano inthaneteng e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e boletsoe esale pele ke lintho tse 'ne tse hlahang (bona karolo ea Mehato). E lumellana le lipatlisiso tsa pejana tsa phatlalatso ea thobalano,42 metheo ea motheo ea lilemo le maikutlo a thobalano li kentsoe joalo ka mefuta ea taolo mme ho ne ho lebelletsoe ho bolela mefuta e meng ea tlholeho. Ntle le moo, mefuta ea taolo le lintho tse ikemetseng tse ikemetseng tsa motheo li ne li lumelloa ho etsa lintho tse ling. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, maemo a pherekano a mecha ea phatlalatso a Nako 2 le mantsoe a phoso a lintho tse ts'oanang a fetisitsoe ho covary pakeng tsa Nako 1 le Nako 2.
Joalokaha monahano o tloahelehileng o tlotsoa ho lipatlisiso tsa thobalano,19 bootstriling (lipapatso tsa 95 tsa liperesente tse ikhethileng tsa X -UMX ka nako e telele; sampuli tsa 1,000) e sebelisitsoe ho netefatsa liteko tsa bohlokoa tse thehiloeng khopolong e tloaelehileng ea tlhahlobo. Kamora nako, ho hlahloba phapang ea bong, lintlha tse nepahetseng tsa mofuta o sa ratoang li bapisoa le lintlha tse lumellanang tsa mohlala o hatelletseng (oo ho oona kamano e amanang le thobalano e hlahisitsoeng ka thoko ho phatlalatso ea litaba tsa sechaba le ho pepesehela (1) litaba tsa thobalano tsa nnete tsa thelevisheneng kapa (2) IP e ne e qobelloa ho lekana har'a bashanyana le banana). The χ2Boleng ba teko ea papiso ea model le ΔCFI li sebelisitsoe ho leka liphapang tsa bong.43,44
Holimo ho Fomu
Tlas'a foromo
Results
Moetso o ne o e-na le tšoaneleho e amohelehang ea datha (bakeng sa lilakane tsa zero-order, bona Lethathamo 1; bakeng sa lipalo-palo tse loketseng Lethathamo 2). Ho shebella thelevishene ea 'nete ea thobalano ho Nako 1 e boletse esale pele tlhahiso e ntle ea thobalano ho mecha ea litaba ea sechaba ka Nako 2 (bakeng sa litekanyetso, bona Lethathamo 2). Ntle le moo, tlhahiso ea inthanete ea thobalano ka nako ea X 1 e ne e amana hantle le ho shebella thelevishene ea nnete ea thobalano ka nako 2, ka hona e ts'ehetsa H1 le H3. Ho shebella IP ka nako 1 ha ea ka ea bolela phatlalatso ea thobalano ho media oa sechaba ka nako 2. Ntle le moo, tlhahiso-leseling e mabapi le thobalano ho media XoNXX e ne e sa amane le ho shebella IP nakong ea 1. H2 le H2 li ne li sa tšehetsoa.
Tafole 2. Meetso ea Teka-tekano ea Seketso ea Litharollo tsa Bohlokoa (N = 1,765)
Liteko tsa papiso ea 'nete ea litaba tsa thobalano le IP (Lethathamo 2; RQ1) e bonts'itse hore χ2Teko ea ho khetholla e ne e se bohlokoa ebile hore phapang lipakeng tsa boleng ba CFI (ΔCFI) ea li-unconstrained le mehlala e hatelletsoeng ha e ea ka ea feta 0.01. Moetso o lekanang oa mofuta o sa ratoang ka hona o ne o se phahame ho feta mohlala o hatelletsang kamano pakeng tsa litaba tsa thelevisheneng le boitlamo ba ho kopanela liphate mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba leha e le mohlala o hatellang kamano ea boiphetetso pakeng tsa IP le boitlamo ba thobalano ho sechaba. mecha ea litaba ho lekana ka bong bohle. Ha ho sa lumellane ka bong, litla-morao tsa tsela eo e seng tsona ha li hlahisoe Lethathamo 2.
Holimo ho Fomu
Tlas'a foromo
Puisano
Phuputso ena ke e 'ngoe ea tsa pele tsa ho ithuta kamano lipakeng tsa ho pepesehela melaetsa ea thobalano mecheng ea litaba le boima ba bacha ba ho itlhahisa ka tsela ea thobalano mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba. Phuputso e supa bohlokoa ba melaetsa ea thobalano mecheng ea litaba tse kholo ho susumetsa boits'oaro ba bacha ba thobalano inthaneteng. Le ha ho pepesetsoa melaetsa ea thobalano litabeng tsa thelevishene e ne e amana ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le boits'oaro ba thobalano mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba, ha ho kamano e ts'oanang e fumanoeng ha ho ithutoa ho ipapisa le IP. Boithuto bo na le litlamorao tse 'maloa lipatlisisong tsa nako e tlang.
Taba ea mantlha, kamano e khutlisang maikutlo lipakeng tsa ho pepesetsoa litaba tsa thobalano le litaba tsa thobalano ho bashemane le banana li totobatsa menyetla ea boithabiso bo ka sehloohong thelevisheneng ho ama tsela eo bacha ba itšoarang ka eona tikolohong ea bona ea inthanete. Seo ba se fumaneng se fana ka maikutlo a hore bacha ba ipapisang le batho ba bang ka boithatelo ba litaba tsa botona le botšehali ba ka batla, haholo-holo litaba tse ka sehloohong tsa litaba tsa thobalano thelevisheneng. Hangata, mokhoa oa ho iphetetsa lipakeng tsa litaba tsa thelevisheneng tsa thobalano le tlhahiso ea boitšoaro ba thobalano mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba e supa lits'ebetsong tsa tikoloho, joalo ka ha li hlalositsoe likhopolong, joalo ka Media Practice Model45 le mohlala o matlafatsang oa spirals.46 Liketsong tse joalo tsa cyclical, boits'oaro ba bacha ba thobalano inthaneteng le ho pepeseha ha bona litaba tse amanang le thobalano mecheng ea litaba e matla le ho matlafatsana. 'Nete ea TV e kanna ea sebetsa haholo ntlheng ena hobane bacha ba lula ba batla batho kapa maemo mecheng ea litaba a "tšeptjoang" hape "a tšoana le bona".45,47 Leha ho le joalo, lingoliloeng li boetse li bontšitse hore bacha ba tloaelana le batho bao ho buuoang ka mefuta e meng e tummeng ea thelevisheneng.48 Joalo ka mefuta e tummeng, e kang livideo tsa 'mino le lits'ebetso tsa sesepa, hangata e hlahisa batho ba buang ka thobalano,24,49 lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang li ka lekola hore na ho ka fumanoa lits'ebetso tse ts'oanang pakeng tsa ho shebella mefuta ena le tlhahiso ea inthanete ea thobalano inthaneteng.
Taba ea bobeli, likhopolo tsa mecha ea litaba, joalo ka phapang ea mokhahlelo oa Media, li bonts'itse hore boholo ba litla-morao tsa litaba li ka se ts'oane ho sechaba sohle.50 Mabaka a ikhethang a ho hlaseloa habonolo (a hlalosoang e le litekanyo tsa batho tse amang tšebelisano ea mosebelisi le litaba tsa media) a ka matlafatsa kapa a fokolisa litlamorao tsa media har'a sechaba ka kakaretso sa basebelisi ba media.50 Liphumano tsa hajoale li bonts'a hore bong ha se taba e ka fokolisang likamano lipuisanong tse hlahisang likamano tsa botona le botšehali mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba le ho pepesehela litaba tsa thelevishene kapa IP. Le ha ho le joalo, lintho tse ling tse ka fokolisang likamano tsa rona khafetsa li ka ama likamano tsena. Le ha ho pepesetsoa IP le ho itlhahisa ka thobalano mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba li ne li sa amane ka letho thutong ea hajoale, kamano ena e kanna ea hlaha har'a lihlopha tsa basebelisi ba nang le monyetla oa ho feta litlamorao tsa IP kapa ba nang le monyetla oa ho khetha IP. Ka pono ena, lingoliloeng tse lumellanang li supa batho ba batlang maikutlo a phahameng,51 bacha ba phetseng hantle,52 le bacha lilemong tsa bocha tsa pelehi40 e le lihlopha tsa bohlokoa tse lokelang ho hlahlojoa.
Ho boletse joalo, ho ka etsahala hore ho pepesetsoa IP le tlhahiso ea botona le botšehali ho mecha ea litaba ea sechaba ha e na kamano hobane e fapana ka ho pepesoa ha thobalano. Ho itlhahisa ka thobalano ho mecha ea litaba ea sechaba5,7 hangata e bua feela ka ho kopanela likobo, athe IP e bua ka thobalano. Bacha ba ka bona batšoantšisi le batšoantšisi ba IP e le mehlala e sa lokelang. Tumellanong le monahano ona, lipatlisiso tse entsoeng ka boleng li bontšitse hore banana ba etsa bonnete ba hore lipuo tsa bona tsa inthaneteng ha li nkoe e le "bohlanya."53 Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, tlhahiso-leseling ka thobalano ho mecha ea litaba ea sechaba e kanna ea se ke ea nkuoa e ts'oana le litaba tsa thobalano tse ho IP. Bacha ba itlhahisang ka tsela ea thobalano mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba ba ka se khothaletsoe ho sebelisa IP.
Boithuto ba rona bo ne bo na le bonyane meeli e 'meli: ea pele, thuto ea rona e sebelisitse mehato ea ho itlaleha ea boits'oaro ba bacha ba thobalano. Mohato ona o tlanya feela hore na bacha ba itlhahisa ka litsela tsa thobalano mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba, empa e fana ka leseli le lekanyelitsoeng la hore na bacha ba itlhahisa joang. Ho utloisisa hore na bacha ba kenyelletsa melaetsa ea thobalano joang ho tsoa mecheng ea litaba e kholo ho itlhahisa inthaneteng, re hloka mehato e qaqileng ea boits'oaro ba thobalano, ho kenyelletsa le tse ngotsoeng le tse buuoang ka mantsoe.
Taba ea bobeli, boholo ba litlamorao tsa kamano ea ho iphetola pakeng tsa ho pepesetsoa 'nete ea thobalano le ho itlhahisa ka thobalano mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba e ne e le nyane, leha ho le joalo ka tumellano le lipatlisiso tsa pejana tsa phatlalatso.54 le lingoliloeng tse mabapi le ho etsa lipatlisiso tse telele ho laola sephetho sa botsitso.55 Ho feta moo, boholo bona bo bonyenyane ba litlamorao bo ka hlalosoa ke ketsahalo e tlase haholo ea boits'oaro bo bobebe har'a bacha ba kenyelitsoeng mohlaleng oa rona. Leha ho na le palo ena e atisang ho ba teng khafetsa, kamano e pakeng tsa ho pepesetsoa thelevisheneng le ho itlhahisa ka thobalano inthaneteng e ntse e hlaha, e totobatsang bohlokoa ba lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang ka taba ena. Ntle le moo, lingoliloeng56 e fana ka maikutlo a hore, esita le litlamorao tse nyane tsa mecha ea litaba li ntse li ka sebetsa hobane melaetsa ea thobalano e khothalelitsoeng ho litaba tse ithutoang (ka ho re, 'nete ea thelevisheneng le mecha ea litaba ea sechaba) e tšoana le ea socialization e fumanoang mehloling e meng (mohlala, litaba tse ling tse ka sehloohong tsa litaba tsa thobalano le lithaka.2,53). Ka bobeli, litšusumetso tsena tsa bosholu ba batho li ka kopana ha nako e ntse e ea ka matla a maholo.56
Holimo ho Fomu
Tlas'a foromo
fihlela qeto e
Ka kakaretso, patlisiso e teng hona joale e bonts'a hore litaba tsa mantlha tsa media li na le monyetla oa ho susumetsa bacha ho hlahisa le ho tsamaisa maikutlo a bona a thobalano. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, litaba tsa thobalano tse hlahang mecheng e meholo ea litaba li bonahala li khahla haholo basebelisi ba litaba tsa sechaba ba itlhahisang ka tsela ea thobalano. Patlisiso ea nako e tlang ho bacha e lokela ho matlafatsa tsebo ea rona mabapi le khokahano lipakeng tsa litaba tsa thobalano tse hlahang ho mecha ea litaba le boitšoaro bo amanang le thobalano mecheng ea litaba tsa sechaba.
Holimo ho Fomu
Tlas'a foromo
Hlokomela
a. Mefuta eohle ea equation e tlalehiloeng ho diphetho Karolo ena e boetse e etsoa ka sampole e neng e sa kenyeletse karolo ho batho ba neng ba sa sebelise sebaka sa marang-rang sa marang-rang (SNS) ka nako 1 le / kapa Nako 2 (N = 1,586). Liphetho tsa sebopeho sa equation tsa sebopeho li ne li ts'oana le liphetho tse tlalehiloeng sengoloeng bakeng sa sampole e kenyelletsang bankakarolo ba sa kang ba sebelisa SNS ho Time 1 le / kapa Time 2 (N = 1,765). Liphetho tsena tse ling li ka fumanoa ka ho romella lengolo tsoibila ho sengoli se tsamaellanang.
Holimo ho Fomu
Tlas'a foromo
Ho ananela
Patlisiso ena e ne e tšehelitsoe ka chelete e tsoang ho Mokhatlo oa Netherlands bakeng sa Patlisiso ea Saense (NWO) ho mongoli oa boraro.
Holimo ho Fomu
Tlas'a foromo
Tlhaloso ea Mongoli oa Tlhaloso
Ha ho na lithahasello tsa tlholisano tsa lichelete tse teng.
Holimo ho Fomu
Tlas'a foromo
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