"Ntle le Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa… Ke ne nke ke ka Tseba Halofo ea Lintho Tseo Ke li Tsebang Hona Joale": Boithuto bo Tšoanelehang ba Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Sebelisa Har'a Mohlala oa Bacha ba Metseng e Meholo, Boemo bo tlase, Bacha le ba Masepanishe (2015)

J Sex Res. 2015 Sep;52(7):736-46. Doi: 10.1080 / 00224499.2014.960908. Epub 2014 Oct 28.

Rothman EF¹, Kaczmarsky C, Burke N, Jansen E, Baughman A.

inahaneloang

Tlhahisoleseling mabapi le litloaelo tsa ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa bacha ba litoropong ba nang le moputso o tlase United States ea haella. Phuputso ena e ne e etselitsoe ho araba tse latelang ho sebelisa mohlala oa bacha ba lilemo li 16 ho isa ho 18 ba lulang litoropong, ba nang le moputso o tlase ba batšo kapa Masepanishe: (1) Ke mefuta efe ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa eo bacha ba tlalehang ba e shebile; kae le ka sepheo sefe? (2) Na bacha ba na le maikutlo a hore ho pepesehela litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho na le tšusumetso ho bona? le (3) Batsoali ba itšoara joang ha ba sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro? Lihlooho tse latelang li hlahile lipuisanong le bacha ba 23: (1) Bacha haholo-holo ba tlaleha ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse bontšang ho kopanela liphate ka bonngoe empa hape ba tlaleha hore ba bone litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse feteletseng (mohlala, ho tlotlolloa phatlalatsa, ho kopanela liphate le mong ka motho ea haufi); (2) bacha ba tlaleha hore ba shebelletse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa likhomphutheng tsa lapeng kapa li-smartphone, le hore hangata litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ne li shebelloa sekolong; (3) bacha ba tlalehile ba shebelletse boithabiso, ts'usumetso ea thobalano, sepheo sa ho ruta, le ho fokotsa ho teneha; ba bangata ba ile ba kopitsa seo ba se boneng litšoantšong tsa bootsoa nakong eo ba neng ba kopanela liphate; (4) khatello ea ho etsa kapa ho etsisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e ne e le karolo ea likamano tse fosahetseng tsa ho laetsana; mme (5) batsoali ka kakaretso ba ne ba hlalosoa ba sa tšehetse ts'ebeliso ea bocha ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa empa ba se na tsebo ea ho e bua. Hoo e ka bang karolo ea bohlano e bontšitse khetho ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse nang le batšoantšisi ba morabe / morabe oa bona o le mong.

Dintlha tse emelang naha ka bophara li bonts'a hore 23% ea bacha ba US ba lilemo li 10 ho isa ho 15 ba batlile ka boomo lisebelisoa tse hlakileng tsa thobalano (SEM; e boetse e bitsoa X-rated material, erotica, porn, kapa pornography) selemong se fetileng (Ybarra, Mitchell, Hamburger , Diener-Bophirimela, & Leaf, 2011). Nakong eo bacha ba US ba leng lilemo li 14, banna ba 66% le basali ba 39% ba se ba shebile litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse hatisitsoeng, tsa filimi kapa tsa inthanete bonyane hang selemong se fetileng, ekaba ka boomo kapa ka phoso (Brown & L'Engle, 2009). Le ha ho bile le phehisano ea hore bacha ba ka angoa haholo ke ho susumetsoa ke litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ka lebaka la boits'oaro ba bona ba ho ba le thobalano le nako e mahlonoko ea bioloji e thehiloeng linthong tsa tlhaho, le boiphihlelo ba bona ba thobalano (Peter & Valkenburg, 2011; Pfaus et al., 2012; Sinkovic, Stulhofer, le Bozic, 2013), Bopaki ba mahlale ba hore na ho shebella SEM ho na le phello ho boitšoaro ba thobalano ba batho ba lilemong tsa bocha kapa ba baholo ho tsoakane. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, liphuputso tse 'maloa li fumane hore ho pepesehela SEM ho amahanngoa le palo e phahameng ea balekane ka kakaretso le bao e seng ba thobalano, ho hlekefetsoa ka thobalano inthaneteng, lilemo tse qalang tsa thobalano, khotsofalo e tlase ea thobalano le kamano, maikutlo a ho lumella thobalano, tloaelo ea ho sheba basali e le lintho tsa thobalano, le litakatso tse phahameng tsa thobalano tse hlahisoang ho SEM (Braun-Courville & Rojas, 2009; Brown & L'Engle, 2009; Jonsson, Priebe, Bladh, le Svedin, 2014; Morgan, 2011; Peter & Valkenburg, 2009; Peter & Valkenburg, 2011). Leha ho le joalo, lithuto tse ling li fumane feela kamano e fokolang kapa e se nang kamano lipakeng tsa tlhahiso ea SEM le bacha 'kapa boits'oaro ba batho ba baholo ba thobalano (Hald, Kuyper, Adam, & de Wit, 2013; Luder et al., 2011; Sinkovic et al., 2013; Stulhofer, Jelovica, & Ruzic, 2008).

Moeli o hlakileng oa 'mele o teng oa tsebo o amanang le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa bacha ke hore boholo bo entsoe ho sebelisoa mehlala ea baithuti ba koleche (Carroll et al., 2008; Morgan, 2011; Olmstead, Negash, Pasley, le Fincham, 2013) kapa kantle ho United States, ho kenyelletsa, ka mohlala, ho la Croatia, Czech Republic, Greece, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Netherlands, Sierra Leone, Sweden le Switzerland (Letsatsi, 2014; Hald et al., 2013; Lofgren-Martenson le Mansson, 2010; Luder et al., 2011; Ma Shek, 2013; Molya le Hald, 2014; Sinkovic et al., 2013; Tsitsika et al., 2009). Liphetho tsa lithuto tsena li kanna tsa se atisehe ho bacha bao e seng ba kenang kolecheng kapa ba Amerika, hobane ho se ho fumanoe hore boits'oaro ba bacha ba bong bo fapaneng bo fapana ho ea ka sechaba, lilemo, bong le setso (Baumgartner, Sumter, Peter, Valkenburg, & Livingstone, 2014; Brown & L'Engle, 2009;; Brown et al., 2006; Eisenman le Dantzker, 2006; Hald et al., 2013; Meston le Ahrold, 2010). Kahoo, ho bile le mehala bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e eketsehileng mabapi le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa bacha ba US (Smith, 2013) le ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho tsoa ho batho ba bangata ba lilemong tsa bocha (Lofgren-Martenson & Mansson, 2010).

Bacha ba nang le moputso o tlase ba batšo le ba Masepanishe ke batho ba tlang pele bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa bophelo bo botle ba sechaba (Koh, Graham, & Glied, 2011), Haholo hobane ba kotsing e kholo ea mafu a likobo, mafu a sa reroang, le boits'oaro bo kotsi ba thobalano (Dariotis, Sifakis, Pleck, Astone, & Sonenstein, 2011; Deardorff et al., 2013; Finer & Zolna, 2011; Kaplan, Jones, Olson, le Yunzal-Butler, 2013). Hore na ho pepesehela litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho ka ba sesosa sa liphapang tsena tsa bophelo ha ho tsejoe. Hajoale ha ho na tlhahisoleseling mabapi le hore na ho na le liphapang litšoantšong tsa bootsoa tsa bacha ba US tse sebelisoang ke morabe, leha thuto e le 'ngoe e emelang naha ka bophara ea ho pepesehela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng har'a bacha e sa fumane phapang ka morabe (Wolak, Mitchell, & Finkelhor 2007). Leha ho le joalo, phuputso ea nako e telele ea bacha ba 1,017 ba tsoang Boroa-bochabela ho United States e fumane hore bacha ba batšo ba na le monyetla o moholo oa hore ba sebelisitse litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro selemong se fetileng ha ba bapisoa le bacha ba White (Brown & L'Engle, 2009); ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, hara batho ba baholo ba lilemo tsa 18 le ho feta, bahlahlobisisi ba General Social Survey (GSS) ba fumane hore bao e seng Makhooa ba na le monyetla oa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho feta tsa Whites, le hore phapang ena ea tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e eketsehile ha nako e ntse e feta (Wright, 2013; Wright, Bae, le Funk, 2013).

Morero le Lipotso tsa Patlisiso

Sengoloa sa hona joale se ne se reretsoe ho fana ka leseli mabapi le boiphihlelo ba tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka bacha ba mebala e tlaase ba litoropo ba United States, ba ntseng ba hlahisoa phuputsong ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho tla fihlela joale. Lipotso tsa ho etsa patlisiso ena li bile ka tsela e latelang: Har'a mehlala ea 16- ho mocha ea lilemo li 18 ea neng a shebelletse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa selemong se fetileng

	Ke mefuta efe ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa eo ba tlalehang ba e shebileng, kae, hona ka sepheo sefe?
	Na ba na le maikutlo a hore ho pepesetsoa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho na le tšusumetso ho boitšoaro ba bona ba thobalano.
	Ba na le litšebelisano tsa mofuta ofe le batsoali ba bona ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa?

Ho tsebo ea rona, hona ke thuto ea pele ea ho etsa lipotso tsena ka ho sebelisa mohlala oa bacha ba metseng ea mebala.

Moralo oa Khopolo

Patlisiso ea rona e ne e tataisoa ke khopolo le lipatlisiso tsa bong ba thobalano (Gagnon & Simon, 2005; Sakaluk, Todd, Milhausen, & Lachowsky, 2014). Khopolo ena e fana ka maikutlo a hore boitšoaro ba thobalano ka karolo e 'ngoe bo laoloa ke litšusumetso tsa sechaba le hore batho ba etsa litumelo ka thobalano ea bona le ea ba bang ka ho kenya melaoana mabapi le hore na ke eng e sa tsosang thobalano (Lofgren-Martenson & Mansson, 2010). Ntle le moo, lipatlisiso tsa rona li thehiloe litlhalosong tsa neuroscios mabapi le hore na lithahasello tsa thobalano ho batho li thehiloe joang, joalo ka maikutlo a hore nako ea bocha ke nako e mahlonoko ea ho nts'etsapele le ho nyatsa litakatso tsa thobalano, hore litakatso tsa thobalano li ka ba teng kamora ho pepesetsoa ketso e le 'ngoe. ba batona, le hore karabelo ea thobalano e ka etsoa ho arabela lithahasello tse khahliloeng le tse senang thuso tse matlafatsoang ke li-orgasm (Baumeister, 2000; Ogas le Gaddam, 2011; Pfaus et al., 2012). Ho feta moo, re sebelisitse lipatlisiso tsa mahlale a boits'oaro tse bonts'itseng ho pepesehela litaba tsa thobalano ho ka susumetsa maikutlo a bacha, khatello ea tloaelo, le boits'ebetso, tse ka bang le kameho boitšoarong ba bona ba thobalano (Bleakley, Hennessy, Fishbein, & Jordan, 2008, 2011). Ha e kopantsoe hammoho, mehopolo ena e fana ka maikutlo a hore ho ka ba le mabaka a bobeli a tlhaho le a kahisano ao ho kopanela liphate ha bacha le boitšoaro ba thobalano bo ka angoang ke seo ba se bonang litšoantšong tsa bootsoa.

Method

sampole

Mohlala o motle oa bacha o ile oa hiroa lefapheng la maemo a tšohanyetso a bana sepetleleng se seholo, sa litoropo, sa Safety Net se Boston, Massachusetts. Palo ea bakuli sepetleleng sena ke 60% Batsho, 15% Hispanic, 15% White, 2% Asia, le 8% merabe e mengata kapa morabe o mong; ba fetang 80% ba phela bofumeng. Boemo ba lefapha la maemo a tšohanyetso bo sebelisitsoe hobane ho ne ho le bonolo ebile ho sebetsa hantle ho bafuputsi (Rothman, Linden, Baughman, Kaczmarsky, & Thompson, 2013). Ba neng ba nkile karolo thutong ena e ne e le basali ba 60%, 47% Black, 43% Hispanic, le 8% multiracial (N = 23) (Tafole 1).

Tafole 1. Lipalopalo tse Hlalosang tsa Mohlala (N = 23)

CSV PDF Hlahisa Letlapa

Ho tšoaneleha bakeng sa thuto, bakuli ba ne ba lokela ho ba pakeng tsa 16 le 18 ea lilemo li, ba tsitsitseng ka tsa bongaka, ba khona ho bua ka Senyesemane, moahi oa Boston, mme ba tlameha ho tlaleha hore ba bone litšoantšo tsa bootsoa bonyane hang selemong se fetileng ebang e ne e le ka boomo kapa ka boomo . Basebetsi ba neng ba sa tsamaee le motho e moholo ba ile ba lumelloa ho lumela ho nka karolo ho ithuteng ntle le tumello e eketsehileng ea botsoali e fumanoeng. Ts'ebetso tsohle li amohetsoe ke boto ea tlhahlobo ea setheo (IRB) Sekolong sa Boston University School of Public Health.

Ts'ebetso ea ho thaotha barupeluoa e ne e le ka tsela e latelang: Mothusi ea etsang lipatlisiso ea koetlisitsoeng (RA) o ne a tla lekola sistimi ea likhomphutha ea lefapha la maemo a tšohanyetso bakeng sa mokuli ea lilemong tse loketseng. Joale RA e ne e atamela kamore ea mokuli eo ebe e mo memela ho nka karolo phuputsong ea lipatlisiso mabapi le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ba bontšitseng thahasello ea ho nka karolo ba ile ba kopuoa ho phethela tlhahlobo ea ho tšoaneleha; 'me ba neng ba tšoaneleha ba fuoe lintlha mabapi le ho nka karolo mme ba botsoa tumello. Ba amohetseng ba ile ba botsoa lipotso ke RA ka metsotso e ka bang 30. Maemong ao batsoali kapa ba bang ba neng ba tsamaile le mokuli, batho bao ba ile ba botsoa ho ema kantle ho fihlela puisano e felile. Ka kakaretso, barupeluoa ba ka bang 188 ba fumanoe ka sistimi ea likhomphutha. Har'a bona, ba 133 (71%) ba ile ba atameloa mme ba botsoa hore na ba ka rata ho hlahlojoa hore na ba tšoaneleha; 'me ho tse 133, 100 (75%) li ile tsa hlahlojoa' me ho tsena tse 39 (39%) li ne li tšoaneleha.

Mekhoa ea Puisano

Basebetsi ba RA ba koetlisitsoeng ba ile ba tsamaisa 'me ba rekota lipuisano. Lipuisano li ile tsa etsoa ho sebelisoa protocol e emeng (joalo ka, lenane la lipotso tse bulehileng), 'me lipotso tse eketsehileng tsa tlhahlobo li ile tsa botsoa ha ho hlokahala. Barupeluoa ba ile ba tiisetsoa hore lipuisano tsa bona li tla bolokoa e le lekunutu, 'me RA e koetliselitsoe ho botsa lipotso ka tsela e neng e sa sebetse ebile e sa etelle pele. Qalong ea lipuisano, barupeluoa ba ile ba tsebisoa hore ke lentsoe leo litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ka sebelisoa ho bua ka lintho tse pepesitsoeng tsa thobalano kapa tse nang le litšila tse nang le likarolo tse itseng tsa batho ba etsang thobalano kapa ba hlobotseng ka botlalo.

Boitsebiso ba Lintlha

Lipuisano tse hlophisitsoeng hantle li qalile ka lipotso tsa mantlha ka bankakarolo ho theha kamano. Tlhahisoleseling mabapi le boiphihlelo ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e ile ea hlahisoa ka ho botsa letoto la lipotso mabapi le hore na barupeluoa ba qalile ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa neng, ba ne ba sa tsoa shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, moelelo oa lipono tsena le ho shebella khafetsa, libaka tseo Websaete e nkiloeng ke barupeluoa ho tsona ba na le monyetla oa ho khetha ha ba etela libaka tsa marang-rang tse nang le menyetla e lumellang basebelisi ho khetha mofuta oa video. Puisano ka 'ngoe e ne e ngotsoe ka lihlooho tse amanang le seo barupeluoa ba se shebileng, neng, le mang, hobaneng, le hore na likarabo tsa batsoali ba bona litšoantšong tsa bona tsa bootsoa li ne li le joang, haeba batsoali ba ne ba tseba.

Ts'ebetso ea ho ngola e ne e le ka tsela e latelang: (1) batho ba bararo (bangoli NB, EJ, le CK) ba bala sengoloa se seng le se seng ho fumana "kutloisiso ea se felletseng" (Sandelowski, 1995); (2) bangoli bana ba bararo, ka ho buisana le mofuputsi ea ka sehloohong oa thuto (mongoli ER), ba hlahisitse lenane la likhoutu, moo likhoutu li neng li emela sehlooho se hlahang ho data ea tlhahlobo; le (3) likhoutu li sebelisitsoe likarolo tsa sengoloa ke li-coders tse peli tse ikemetseng (NB, EJ, kapa CK). Joale barekisi ba ile ba kopana ho lekola liqeto tsa bona tsa ho ngola, le ho tlaleha likarolo tsa lingoloa tseo ba li ngotseng ka mokhoa o ts'oanang (ke hore, ho ts'epahalla lipakeng). Ho ts'epahala ho kenang lipakeng e ne e le 95%. Moo ho se lumellane ho neng ho le teng, batho bao ba neng ba ngola mangolo a mabeli ba ile ba buisana ka liqeto tsa bona ho fihlela ba lumellana ka melao. Ho ntlafatsa menyetla eo li-coder tse peli li ka e etsang liqeto tse tšoanang tsa khouto litemaneng tsohle tse hlahlobiloeng, qalong ea ts'ebetso ba sebelisitse litemana tse 'ne tsa tlhahlobo ho etsa likhoutu tsa bona le ho lumellanya liqeto tsa bona.

Ha lipuisano tsohle li se li ngotsoe, tlhaiso-leseling e fumanoe ka botebo sebelisa ts'ebeliso ea software ea boleng bo botle Atlas.ti (ATLAS.ti, 1999). Taba ea mantlha, litho tsa sehlopha sa lipatlisiso li ile tsa etsa lipatlisiso ka khoutu mme ba sheba karolo e ngoe le e ngoe ea sengoloa eo ho eona khoutu e itseng e neng e sebelisitsoe ho utloisisa likarabo tse itlhommeng pele sehlopheng seo sa ho ngola. Taba ea bobeli, litho tsohle tsa sehlopha sa lipatlisiso li ile tsa kopana ho buisana ka lihlooho tse tsoang mongolo le ho khetha mantsoe a qotsitsoeng ka bonngoe.

Results

Ba shebelletse eng?

Bacha bohle ba sampoleng ena ba tlaleha hore ba shebelletse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa mahala le inthaneteng. Ba babeli ba ne ba shebelletse livideo tsa bootsoa le / kapa thelevishene ea cable, empa ha ho le ea mong ea hlalositseng ho shebella libuka kapa limakasine tsa bootsoa. Liwebosaete tse khethehileng tse boletsoeng ke bankakarolo ba bangata li kenyelelitse YouPorn, RedTube le Pornhub. Barupeluoa ba tlalehile ba shebelletse likarolo tse fapaneng tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, mme hangata ba tlaleha hore ba shebelletse litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse amanang le thobalano kapa basali ba etsang thobalano le basali, empa ba boetse ba tlaleha hore ba shebelletse litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse amanang le thobalano, ho betoa le ho robala le liphoofolo. Ba 'maloa ba boletse hore ba bone litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse bontšang bokhoba, bukkake (ke hore, banna ba bangata ba itšolotsang sefahlehong sa mosali a le mong), thobalano ea sehlopha, ho khangoa le ho tlotlolloa phatlalatsa - mme ha basali ba' maloa ba bontša ho se khotsofale le ho makala, karabelo e akaretsang ho mefuta ena e feteletseng ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ne e le ho iphapanya kapa ho amohela. Barupeluoa ba bahlano-banna ba babeli le basali ba bararo-ba boletse hore bona kapa balekane ba bona ba lula ba rata ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse hlahisang batho ba morabe o le mong kapa morabe o le mong (mohlala, Mnyama, Masepanishe). Hangata banna ba ne ba sa fane ka lintlha tse fokolang ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tseo ba li boneng. Phapanyetsano e latelang (le monna ea lilemo li 18) e ne e le tloaelo:

Puisano: U ea libakeng life tsa marang-rang?
Morupeluoa: Ha ke na e tobileng [ngoe]. Eng kapa eng eo ke [google].
Puisano: Na u tobetsa mofuta o itseng oa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa?
Morupeli: Uh, hangata ke lula le, joalo ka, ka kotloloho.

Leha ho le joalo, basali ba 'maloa mohlaleng ona ba ile ba fana ka litlhaloso tse qaqileng haholoanyane tsa seo ba se boneng, haholo-holo linepe tse ba khahlisang haholo. Mohlala, mosali ea lilemo li 17 o itse:

E bitsoa ho tlotlolloa phatlalatsa. Ho bolelang hore ba tlama ngoanana, ba re seemahale kapa palong kapa ho hong. Ebe ba ba hlobolisa ba hlobotse mme moshemane kapa ngoanana o tla ba hlabisa lihlong phatlalatsa. Empa motho eo oa e batla, ka hona ba e kopa… ka hona, joalo ka ha ba qobelloa ho etsa lintho tse kang ho fana ka hlooho kapa leha ba so ka ba e etsa kapele, ba tlameha, hobane ba e batlile .

Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, mosali ea lilemo li 18 o hlalositse mofuta oa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse bitsoang porno tseo a li boneng:

Joalo ka ha e le hantle ba ne ba e-na le eena ka phapusing ena, materase a litšila fatše, o ne a robetse materaseng ebe, joalo ka, mathaka a fapaneng a tšeletseng a ntse a tsoela pele ho ea koana le koana. O mpa a robetse moo. Mme kamora moo, ba ne ba mo nyatsa, ba ne ba mo akhela liaparo tsohle tsa hae, ba mo joetsa hore a tsoe le ho etsa lintho.

Mosali e mong ea lilemo li 18 o hlalositse ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse bonts'ang pefo, e kanna ea ba tumellano (mohlala, bokhoba / taeo / sadomasochism [BDSM]). Ho sa tsotelehe hore na batšoantšisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba lumelletse'ng, litšoantšo tsa pefo li ne li mo nyahamisa. O hlalositse sekotwana sa video ka tsela ena:

[Ke bone] banna ba shapa banana ka hanong, joalo ka lifahlehong tsa bona, kapa joalo ka ha ba bula melomo ea bona ha ba thunya ka morao… joalo ka ho ba shapa. Joalo, ho jabela, joalo ho ka nkutloisa bohloko. Ee, ba mpa ba etsa lintho tsa bohlanya.

Ba Fumana Hlooho ea Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Hokae mme ba Fumaneha Joang?

Bacha ba mohlaleng ona ba tlalehiloe ba shebelletse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa marang-rang lapeng le sekolong ka har'a komporo ea li-desktop le li-smartphones. Ba tlalehile hore ba khonne ho fumana litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa mahala inthaneteng habonolo leha ba ne ba le ka tlase ho lilemo tsa 18. Ho makatsang ke hore tse 'maloa (n = 3) e tlalehile hore ho etela libaka tsa marang-rang tse se nang litšoantšo tse nang le batho ba tummeng ho ba lebisitse litsing tsa thobalano moo ho tummeng. Ka mohlala, mosali ea lilemo li 17 o ile a tlaleha:

[Ke] thahasella feela [litšoantšo tsa bootsoa] ha ke tseba [batho], joalo ka batho ba tummeng. Joalo ka ha ho na le batho ba tummeng moo u nahanang hore ba hantle haholo, 'me ha e le hantle u ngola lebitso la bona mme ba na le sebaka sa bootsoa.

Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, mosali e mong ea lilemo li 18 o hlalositse nako eo a neng a rerile ho mamela 'mino oa sebini sa ho rekota empa, ka lebaka la khokahano ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Webosaeteng eo ea moetsi oa litšoantšo, o ile a khelosoa ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa:

[Haeba u etela] Google, 'me haeba u ngola "[NAME]," ke ramotse, empa hape ke naleli ea bootsoa. Ba na le lihokela ka lehlakoreng [la sebaka sa hae sa marang-rang] tse nang le litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le lintho tse kang tseo…. Ke ne ke batla ho mamela 'mino oa hae ebe, oh, ke ile ka khelosoa.

Bacha ba bangata ba hlalositse ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa sekolong nakong ea sekolo. Ba bangata hape ba hlalositse liphihlelo ha sehlopha se ne se shebelletse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hammoho sekolong le tsela e mpe eo seo se ileng sa ama tikoloho ea sehlopha ka teng. Mohlala, mosali ea lilemo li 17 o hlalositse ketsahalo ea ha ho shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ka sekolong sa sekolo ho etsa hore a hlekefetsoe ka thobalano, ho itšireletsa ka pefo, mme qetellong a lelekoe sekolong:

Bashemane ba bang ba bula [sebaka] sa bootsoa, ebe ba qala ho se shebella. Mme joalo ka ha bashanyana ba qala ho jabela makotong a banana, ba phamola maro a bona le lintho tse ling. Mme ka nako e 'ngoe monna enoa e moholo-lekhetlong lena ha a le sehlopheng sa leshome, monna enoa, o ile a lula a ntse joalo ho nna, a lula a nanabela' moko oa ka, 'me, he, ka mo shapa. Joaloka ka thata haholo. Eaba o nkotla, 'me ka qala ho mo phunya,' me ka ntan'o lelekoa.

Mosali e mong ea lilemo li 17 o hlalositse:

Ke shebile litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro sekolong, ho bua 'nete le uena. Kaofela ha rona re hakana khomphuteng e le 'ngoe [re tšeha],' me joale hoa qabola hobane -re bohle re khobokana k'homphieutheng e le 'ngoe, ebe banana, ba kena moeeng ka tlelaseng le bashanyana, mme bashanyana ba qala ho phaphatha esele le lintho tse joalo. Seo sea etsahala.

Ha a botsoa hore na ho tla joang hore liithuti li shebelle litšoantšo tsa bootsoa sekolong, o ile a araba:

E koetsoe, empa batho ba bangata ba tseba ho e notlolla. Ho na le sebaka sena sa marang-rang sa projeke. Mm-hm. Ke ka moo ba thibollang… joalo, ho lokile monna enoa, o e kentse komporong, ho nepahetse, mme motho e mong le e mong o ea kamorao ho likhomphutha moo tichere e sa boneng letho. Joalo ka likhomphutha tsa ho qetela ka morao. Ke hona moo motho emong le emong a yang teng. Mme ke nakong eo ba qalang ho unblockin 'Web site.

Monna ea lilemo li 17 o tlalehile:

Ha ke ne ke tloaetse ho ea sekolong, ke ne ke tloaetse ho ea libakeng tsa bootsoa, oa tseba? Hobane ke ne ke tseba bashanyana ba ka, neng kapa neng ha re ne re ea sehlopheng sa likhomphutha kapa eng kapa eng, ba ne ba tseba ho etsa-ho kena ho Facebook, ho kena ho everythin '. Kahoo re ka be re hlile re entse everythin ', everythin' eo re e batlang. Eya Websaeteng, eng kapa eng.

Hobaneng ba shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso?

Bacha ba tlalehile hore ba shebelletse litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ka mabaka a fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa lia thabisa ebile ke tharollo ea bolutu le ho jeoa ke bolutu (mohlala, "ke na le metsotso e 5 feela ea ho bolaea"; "Ke jeoa ke bolutu ka nako tse ling") le ho khotsofatsa thobalano ( mohlala, “hobane ke horny”; “hobane kharebe ea ka e ilela khoeli”; “ha ke batla ho etsa thobalano”; “ho korotla nate”). Monna e mong ea lilemo li 17 o ile a akaretsa tšusumetso ea hae ka tsela e latelang: “Ee, ke a tena, kapa ho bua 'nete le uena, ka linako tse ling ke horny ebile kea tseba, ha ho na motho eo nka mo founelang. , ho bua 'nete le uena. Kahoo ke tseba feela, ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali. ”

Hoo e batlang e le bankakarolo (n = 21) e tlalehile ho ithuta ho etsa thobalano ka ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Haholo-holo, ba tlalehile hore litšoantšong tsa bootsoa ba ithutile maemo a thobalano, ke balekane bofe ba bong bo fapaneng ba ka natefeloang ke thobalano, le ho ithuta ho etsa liketso tse itseng tsa thobalano (mohlala, thobalano ea molomo, ea botona le botšehali). Ka bobeli banna le basali ba tlalehile ho ithuta ka thobalano ho tsoa ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (ke hore, banna ba supileng le basali ba 14), leha basali ba fana ka mehlala e meng ea konkreite ea lintho tseo ba ithutileng tsona. Mosali ea lilemo li 18 o tlalehile:

Ntle le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ke ne nke ke ka tseba maemo, nke ke ka tseba halofo ea lintho tseo ke li tsebang hona joale. Ha ho mohla nkileng ka tseba le sehlopheng sa bophelo bo botle, sehlopha sa baeloji, ntho e ngoe le e ngoe eo ke fetileng ho eona, hore 'mele oa basali o na le bokhoni ba ho hohla.

Mosali e mong ea lilemo li 17 o hlalositse hore o ithutile ho etsa thobalano ka molomo ka ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa:

Ha ho mohla nkileng ka tseba ho rata, ho anyesa Dick, haholo, mme ke ile ka tsoela pele moo ho bona hore na nka e etsa joang. Ke kamoo ke ithutileng kateng.

Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, monna ea lilemo li 18 o hlalositse hore o shebelletse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho ithuta ho etsa thobalano ka molomo, ho bua nakong ea thobalano le ho qala thobalano:

Um, mohlomong ho ja ngoanana kantle. Um, eh, joaloka seo nka se buang, kea kholoa. Joalo ka lintho tse fapaneng ho bua. Um, le kamoo nka e qalang, kea kholoa

Barupeluoa ba ile ba botsoa ka ho khetheha hore na ba nahana hore bophelo ba bona bo amiloe ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa joang, haeba ho hang. Sehlooho sa sehlooho se hlahileng, haholo-holo ho basali, e ne e le hore ka maikutlo a bona ho shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso li ile tsa etsa hore ba kopanele liketsong tsa thobalano tseo ba ka beng ba sa li leka ka tsela e ngoe. Mohlala, mosali ea lilemo li 17 o itse:

Ke nahana anal. Ho ne ho makatsa, hobane ka nako eo ho ne ho nkutloisa bohloko ho bona [motho e mong] a e khutlisetsa moo. Ha kea ka ka e rata [e tšeha]… Ho ne ho makatsa hore ebe motho e mong a ka etsa joalo. Ke ne ke nahana hore ke moo o sebelisang ntloana ea ho hlapela, ha se moo o kenyang ho hong teng.

Ha a bua hape ka ho ithuta ka thobalano ea bootsoa ho tsoa ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, mosali ea lilemo li 17 o hlalositse ha a e leka ka mor'a ho e shebella le ho utloa bohloko:

Se ileng sa ntšosa ke hore na basali bao ba ka etsa thobalano ea anal joang. Ke lekile hanngoe. Ke bone kamoo mosali le lintho li leng ka teng — li shebahala joalo ka ha eka li fumana moea. Empa ha ke e leka, ke ne ke hloletsoe, joalo ka, ke qetile ho fumana li-ibuprofens [sic] le lintho tse ling hobane ke ne ke utloile bohloko bo boholo.

Mosali ea lilemo li 18 o boletse hore o ithutile ho etsa melumo e tobileng nakong ea thobalano ka ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, leha e ne e le moroetsana ka boeena ka nako ea ho shebella:

Joalo joalo ka nakong ea filimi… o ne a bobola mme a etsa melumo ena kaofela. Kahoo ke ne ke rata, ke hloka ho leka joalo. Joalokaha ke ne ke tiile… Ke bone lifilimi tse ngata tse etsang joalo, 'me sena se bile pele ho [ke ile ka etsa thobalano], ka hona ke ne ke le joalo, ke hloka ho leka joalo.

Qetellong monna ea lilemo li 17 o hlalositse lebaka leo a etsisang seo a se boneng litšoantšong tsa bootsoa bophelong ba nnete:

Haeba ke shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa 'me, joalo ka, ke bona naleli e tona ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa,' me ka linako tse ling ke re, haeba ke na le mosali, ke leka ho etsa ntho e tšoanang hantle le eo ba e etsang, hobane ke bona eka ke linaleli .

Na litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li susumetsa mocha ho sebelisa likamano tse seng kotsi?

Leha bacha ba fokolang mohlaleng ona ba tlalehiloe ba e-na le liphihlelo tse mpe le balekane ka lebaka la ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ba babeli ba hlalositse mekhoa eo litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li nkile karolo molemong oa boitšoaro bo bobe ba likamano (ho bolelang, boits'oaro bo ka qobelloang ho etsa thobalano), mme ba bang ba hlalositse khatello e tsoang ho bahlankana liketso tse bonoang pele litšoantšong tsa bootsoa. Mohlala, monna e mong ea lilemo li 17, ea bululetsoeng ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Amateur tseo a li shebileng, o hlalositse nako eo a neng a sebelisa li-smartphone tsa hae ho itlhahisa ka thobalano le kharebe ea hae ntle le tumello ea hae:

Nakong ena re ne re le 'moho [re le balekane], ka hona o ne a hlile a sa khone ho mpolella che, oa tseba? Ke bolela hore a ka tseba, hobane, oa tseba, empa ha ke nahane hore a ka be a ile a mpolella che. Hobane, ua tseba, ke ne ke le mohlankana oa hae, mme haeba ke ne ke batla ho nka video… ya tseba?

'Muelli o ile a tsoela pele ho hlalosa hore smartphone eo a neng a e sebelisa ho hatisa video qetellong e ile ea lahleha mme ka hona e kanna ea bonoa ke ba bang. E mong e motona, ea lilemo li 18, o boetse a hlalosa ho iketsetsa livideo tsa hae tsa thobalano. O hlalositse hore ho tloaelehile hore metsoalle e arolelane livideo tse joalo tsa thobalano ka mokhoa o sa tsotelleng, esita le libakeng tsa sechaba joalo ka koloi e tsamaeang ka tlas'a lefatše. Ha ho hlake hore basali ba lumelletse ho etsoa filimi kapa ho fetisoa livideo. Ho feta moo, haeba basali ba ne ba le nyane ho 18 ha ho ne ho etsoa lifilimi, ba batona ba ne ba hlahisa, ba na le ho tsamaisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa bana.

Nna le motsoalle oa ka, ua tseba, re iketsetsa livideo, ebe joaloka nako e le ngoe, moshanyana oa ka o ile a etsa video. Kahoo re ne re le ka tereneng, ho ne ho tšoana le ho khutsitse 'me a mpa feela - a e phahamisa holimo joalo ka lentsoe le phahameng,' me sohle seo u se utloang ke ngoananyana ea bokollang, mme motho e mong le e mong o ne a shebile feela. E ne e le video ea hae, lintho tse joalo feela, joalo ka, ua tseba. Rea e shebella ebile rea e rata, ha ho motho ea hlajoang ke lihlong ka eona.

Mosali ea lilemo li 17 o boletse hore khafetsa o ne a tobana le khatello ea mohlankana oa hae hore a shebelle litšoantšo tsa bootsoa 'me a li etsise, empa ho fihlela joale o ile a khona ho mo hana ka katleho:

O rata [litšoantšo tsa bootsoa]. Esale a mpolella ho etsa boholo ba lintho, empa ha ke etse joalo. Ke tšoana le uena, haeba u sa rate hore na ke u khotsofatsa joang, e ea u iphumanele mofumahali ea etsang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa!

Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, mosali ea lilemo li 18 o boletse hore eena le mohlankana oa hae ba kile ba leka maemo a macha a thobalano ao ba a boneng litšoantšong tsa bootsoa ka litlamorao tse mpe:

[Boemo] bo teng le nna ke rapame ka mpa le eena a paqame holim'a ka. Khafetsa, ee, kea tseba hore e batla e fetelletse, empa e ikutloa eka ke peto. Joaloka, ha ke tsebe [litšeho]. Ke utloa feela eka ha ke khone ho sisinyeha. Ke ikutloa eka leha a sa nkutloe bohloko kapa eng kapa eng ho nna, ke ikutloa eka ke ntho e kentsoeng, joalo ka ha e sa loka. Ke utloa eka ke ntho eo — ha e etse joalo — ha e utloe eka… ha e phutholohe. Ee, ha e utloe eka ke seo banyalani ba se etsang [litšeho]. Ho utloahala eka kea qobelloa. Ha ke e rate.

Monna e mong ea lilemo li 17 o re ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho etsa hore a se phutholohe hobane o nahana hore ho khothalletsa ho nyenyefatsa basali. O boetse a hlalosa hore "o ne a sa batle" ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro empa o li entse hobane "e ne e le teng":

Ha ke nahane hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa lia thusa…. Ke nahana hore ehlile e theola seriti ho banna le basali. Mme ha ke nahane hore e lokela ho ba teng moo. Empa e ne e le sesebelisoa seo ke neng ke e-na le sona, kahoo ke ile ka se nka. Um, ke ne ke sa batle ho e etsa, empa ua tseba, kaha ua tseba, e ne e le teng, ke e entse, ka hona… e etsa hore mosali a bonahale a le tlase ho seo a leng sona. Mme ho joalo, ba mo bitsa setloto, bitch, ba nka sena le sane, 'me ha ke nahane hore ehlile ho joalo, ua tseba. Kahoo ke ne nke ke ka e khothaletsa, empa e ne e le teng, ka hona ke e nkile.

Batsoali ba re'ng?

Ba arabelitsoeng ba ile ba botsoa hore na batsoali ba bona ba ne ba tseba hore ba shebelletse litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, 'me haeba ho joalo, ba li arabela joang. Ho senyeha ha maikutlo mabapi le maikutlo a batsoali ba barupeluoa mabapi le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho kopane ho latela mohopolo oa hore hangata batsoali ba ne ba nyahamisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa bacha empa ba sa bue ka hore hobaneng bacha ba sa lokela ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ebile hangata ba ne ba sa phutholoha ke sehlooho seo. Bacha ba bangata ba boetse ba senola hore ba ne ba tseba ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa batsoali ba bona mme ba belaela hore ts'ebeliso ea batsoali ba bona ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ke sesosa sa ho se rate ha bona le bana ba bona. Ka mohlala, monna e mong ea lilemo li 18 o itse:

Mme oa ka le mohlankana oa mme oa ka ba na le lifilimi tse ngata tse litšila, 'me ka nako e' ngoe ke ile ka sebelisa tse 'maloa,' me ba tseba hore ke li nkile. Kahoo ba ne ba le joalo feela, "Oho, se ke oa sebelisa lifilimi tsa rona tse litšila."

Monna e mong ea lilemo li 17 o tlalehile hore batsoali ba hae ba ne ba tiile mabapi le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha a le lilemo li 11 kapa 12 empa o ile a thatafala ha a ntse a tsofala. O hlalositse ha a nyefoloa ke ntate oa hae ka ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha e le mocha:

Haufinyane, haufinyane ha ba re nothin ', empa ha ke ne ke le lilemo tse leshome le metso e' meli - mohlomong le leshome le motso o mong kapa leshome le metso e 'meli, ba ne ba le ho' na bakeng sa seo. Ba ne ba sa batle hore ke e shebe. E 'ngoe ea linako tseo ba ileng ba ntšoara… ntate oa ka o ne a le joalo,… “Oh, haeba nka u tšoara hape sheba lintho tsena, ke tlil'o nka iPod ea hau.”

Mosali ea lilemo li 18 o fane ka mohlala o hlakileng oa boemo bo thata boo batsoali ba ka iphumanang ba le ho bona. Ho ea ka eena, 'm'ae o ne a sa batle ho bua ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le mora oa hae ea tlang pele ho nako empa ka nako e tšoanang o ile a ikutloa a tlameha ho mo nyahamisa hore a se sebelise eona. O itse:

[Mme oa ka], o leka hore a se bue le [moena oa ka e monyane] ka hona empa a mo fe mekhoa ea ho tseba seo a se etsang, o ne a sa lokela ho se etsa a le lilemong tsa hae. Hobane o lilemo tse leshome le motso o le mong feela.

Puisano

Ho tsebo ea rona, ena ke thuto ea pele ea ho batlisisa boiphihlelo ba ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le litloaelo tsa mohlala oa bacha ba amohelang chelete e tlase, ba litoropo ba lulang litoropong le ba Spain. Ho ile ha hlahisoa meralo e mengata, ho kenyeletsoa (a) hore mocha o bone mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa; (b) mocha eo o ne a le bonolo ho fihlella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng lapeng le sekolong; (c) mocha eo o ile a shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ka mabaka a 'maloa, empa hoo e ka bang motho e mong le e mong ea nkang karolo o ile a tlaleha ho ithuta ho etsa thobalano ka ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa; (d) khatello ea ho etsa kapa ho etsisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e ka ba karolo ea likamano tse mpe tsa ho laetsana; mme (e) batsoali ba bacha mo sampoleng ena ka kakaretso ba ne ba hlalosoa ba sa tšehetse ts'ebeliso ea bocha ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa empa hape ba sa tšoanelehe ho buisana ka eona le bona.

Ha barupeluoa ba ntse ba tlaleha hore ba rata litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse amanang le thobalano ka bonngoe, bacha le bona ba ne ba sa elelloe kapa ka boomo ba shebile mefuta e fapaneng ea bootsoa bo ikhethang, 'me maemong a mang e le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro. -Baz, 2013). Basali ba bangata ba nkang karolo le monna a le mong ba bontšitse ho se phuthulohe ha ba bona basali ba betoa, ba otloa, ba utloisoa bohloko le ho bitsoa mahlapa joalo ka "bitch." Leha ho le joalo, maikutlo a akaretsang har'a batho ba sampoleng ena e ne e le hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro - le ha li le maemong a fetelletseng - ke karolo e sa makatseng ea bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi, e bonts'ang liphuputso tsa boithuto ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa har'a bacha ba Sweden (Lofgren-Martenson & Mansson, 2010). Taba ke hore barupeluoa ba 'maloa ba boletse hore libini tsa bona tsa' mino tseo ba li ratang haholo ba boetse ba etsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, hore linaleli tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hangata li sebelisoa ho khothaletsa ho buleha ha lihlopha kapa liketsahalo tse ling tse ikhethang, le hore ba ka rata ho ba litšoantšong tsa bootsoa hobane ho na le phaello-ho supa hore litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li nkuoe. e ntle haholo ho feta e hlabisang lihlong.

Mohlomong ka mokhoa o sa makatseng, bacha ba sampoleng ena ba tlaleha hore ba na le phihlello e bonolo ea ho sheba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng hae le lisebelisoa tsa bona tsa elektroniki (mohlala, li-smartphone). Re ne re sa lebella hore boiphihlelo ba ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro thepa ea sekolo, nakong ea tlelase le ho lithaka bo tla tlalehoa hangata. E kanna eaba ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro sekolong ho etsahala khafetsa ho feta kamoo ho neng ho lebelletsoe likolong tse phephetsoeng ke lisebelisoa hobane ho na le mafapha a fokolang a fumanehang ho lekola ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki kapa ho nchafatsa mahlale a thibelang phihlello ea bacha ho libaka tsa marang-rang tse seng molaong. Ho tšoenyang ke hore bacha ba bangata sampoleng ena ba tlalehile hore bao ba kenang sekolo le bona ba ile ba qala "ho thula esele" le ho ts'oara matsoele a basali hang kamora ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ka tlelaseng, ketsahalong e 'ngoe, ba kena ntoeng. Le ha ho se pelaelo hore likolo li kanna tsa etsa sohle se matleng a tsona ho thibela phihlello ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho baithuti, ho ka ba molemo ho matichere ho tseba hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li kanna tsa kenya letsoho moeeng oa sekolo o kopanetsoeng ka thobalano o nolofalletsang tlhekefetso. Bonyane, liphetho tsa phuputso ena li bontša ka ho hlaka hore bacha ba bang ba khona ho fumana litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro sekolong leha ho na le Molao oa Ts'ireletso ea Inthanete oa Bana (CIPA), o hlokang hore likolo tse fumanang chelete ea Universal Service Administrative Company (USAC) li sirelletsoe ke mahlale sebaka sa ho thibela phihlello e joalo.

Ho phaella moo, liphuputso tsa rona li totobatsa hore mocha e mong o sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e le mohloli oa thuto: bacha ba batla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho ithuta ho kopanela liphate; ba bang ba etsisa kapa ba botsoa ke molekane ho etsisa, seo ba se boneng. Ha re fumana hore mocha o etsisa seo ba se bonang litšoantšong tsa bootsoa o lumellana le bonyane thuto ea pele ea 51 ho shebella bacha ba ileng ba tlaleha hore ba kopitsitse seo ba se boneng litšoantšong tsa bootsoa ha ba kopanela liphate (Smith, 2013), le thuto e ngata e fumaneng 63% ea sampuli ea liithuti tsa univesithi e tlalehile ho ithuta mekhoa e mecha ea ho kopanela liphate le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (Trostle, 2003). Phuputsong ea hona joale ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e le mohlala oa ho kopanela liphate ho bile le liphello tse mpe ho basali ba bang ka sampong eo ba ileng ba tlaleha hore ba "hloletsoe" ka bohloko ba ho kopanela liphate, ba ikutloa ba qobelloa ho kopanela liphate ka boemo bo sa phutholoheng, ba sa thabele thobalano, kapa ba tsuba thobalano karabo. Liphetho tsena li lumellana le tse tlalehiloeng ke Marston le Lewis (2014), ea ileng a fumana hore ka mohlala oa bacha ba 130 ba lilemo li 16 ho ba lilemo li 18 basali ba tlaleha hore ba utloile bohloko ba ho kopanela liphate empa ba ne ba atisa ho "senyeha" ho balekane ba bona, 'me mocha o ne a nahana hore thahasello ea ho kopanela liphate ka ho kopanela liphate e ne e hlile e bakoa ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

Ho na le mabaka a mabeli a mantlha a ho tšoenyeha ka litlamorao tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho bacha. Taba ea mantlha, mengolo ea thobalano eo bongata ba (55%) ba libaka tsa marang-rang tsa batho ba baholo ba fumanehang mahala li khothaletsa bongata, taolo ea banna, le ho etelletsa pele monyaka oa thobalano e le tloaelo (Gorman, Monk-Turner, & Fish, 2010). Taba ea bobeli, bacha ba tla leka ka boomo ho hlahisa litšoantšo tsa thobalano tse tsoang liketsong tsa boitšoaro bo bobe, tse sa phuthulohang kapa tse kotsi, kapa tse sa utloahaleng (mohlala, ba lebelletse hore basali bohle ba tla ba le li-orgasms tsa thobalano ea anal). Boithuto bona bo ne bo sa etsetsoa ho fumana mohloli oa lingoloa tsa botona le botšehali tsa bacha tseo ho neng ho buisanoa le tsona; leha ho le joalo, e fumane hore barupeluoa ba bangata ba etsisitse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa 'me, ka maikutlo a bona, ba ile ba ba le litlamorao tse mpe. Kahoo, ho fumana ha rona ho ts'ehetsa bopaki bo hlahang ba hore maemong a mang SEM e ka ba le tšusumetso e mpe boitšoarong ba botona ba botšehali (Bleakley et al., 2008; Braun-Courville le Rojas, 2009; Brown & L'Engle, 2009; Letsatsi, 2014; Hald et al., 2013; Hussen, Bowleg, Sangaramoorthy, le Malebranche, 2012; Jonsson et al., 2014).

Hore na litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li mpefatsa kapa ho hlekefetsa ha batho ba ratanang le ba likamano tsa botona le botšehali pakeng tsa bacha ha ho tsejoe. Boithuto bona bo fana ka sebaka sa ho qala lipatlisiso tsa sehlooho sena. Monna e mong ea hlahang mohlaleng ona o tlaleha hore o kile a etsa thobalano le kharebe ea hae ntle le tsebo ea hae kapa tumello ea ho sebelisa mohala, mme e mong a tlaleha hore eena le metsoalle ea hae ba ne ba arolelana livideo tsa bootsoa le batho ba bang hangata libakeng tsa sechaba. Basali ba bararo sampoleng ba tlaleha hore bahlankana ba bona ba ba hatelletse hore ba etse lintho tseo ba li boneng litšoantšong tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, e leng se lumellanang le lipatlisiso tsa pele tse ileng tsa fumana hore 11% ea sampole ea bakuli ba tsa bophelo bo botle ba basali e tlaleha se tšoanang (Rothman et al., 2012). Ka kakaretso, ho ata ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa marang-rang le ho eketseha ha libaka tsa marang-rang moo basebelisi ba romang livideo tsa bona tsa boithabiso ho ka eketsa monyetla oa hore bana ba thehe SEM, ba hlekefetse balekane ba thobalano, ba hasane litšoantšo tsa thobalano tsa lithaka tse sa tlisoang ke bophelo, le ho hatella balekane ba bona ho etsa liketso tsa thobalano tse ka ba utloisang bohloko kapa tsa ba khopisa. Motsoako ona o lokela ho lekoa ka lipatlisiso tse kholo le tse ngata.

Ka kakaretso, batsoali ba bocha sampong ena ba fane ka melaetsa e fapaneng ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Le ha bacha ba khethiloeng ba ile ba khalemelloa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba sa le banyenyane (mohlala, 11 ho isa ho lilemo tse 13), ba bang ba tlaleha hore batsoali ba bona ba ne ba mamella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hobane ba le baholo. Bacha ba tlalehile hore maemong a mang batsoali ba bona ba ne ba batla ho nyahamisa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa empa ba qoba ho bua ka eona ka kotloloho. Bacha ba bang ba tlalehile hore ba bone kapa ba utloile batsoali ba bona ba shebelletse litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, 'me sena se bonahala se tloaetse tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Phuputso e 'ngoe e thehiloeng UK e fumane hore 16% ea batsoali ba nang le bana ba kenang inthaneteng hang ka beke kapa ho feta ba lumela hore bana ba bona ba shebile litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa inthanete (Livingstone & Bober, 2004), 'Me lipatlisiso li bontšitse hore ho se tsotelle batsoali ka ts'ebeliso ea bana inthaneteng ho susumetsa monyetla oa hore ba shebe Liwebosaete tse totobetseng ka motabo (Noll, Shenk, Barnes, & Haralson, 2013). Batsoali ba fumanang chelete e nyane mme ba sebetsa mesebetsi e mengata ba kanna ba fokotseha bokhoni ba ho lekola mesebetsi ea bana ba bona ea Marang-rang, 'me sena se ka eketsa menyetla ea hore bana ba pepesetsoe litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Haeba ho pepesehela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa lilemong tsa bocha ho tlatsetsa boitšoarong bo kotsi ba thobalano, litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li ka fokotsa kamano lipakeng tsa boalosi ba batsoali le litlamorao tse mpe tsa thobalano le bophelo bo botle ba bocha bocheng.

Phuputso e sa lebelloang ea phuputso ena e ne e le hore palo (X21%) ea bacha ba batsho le ba Spain ho sampole ena ba bontšitse likhetho tsa ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse nang le batšoantšisi ba batho ba batsho le ba Spain. Ho fumana hona ho tsamaellana le lipalo-palo tse hlahisitsoeng ke sebaka sa marang-rang sa pornhub.com, se tlalehang hore "ebony" le "Bantsho" ke mantsoe a tsebahalang a ho batla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa libakeng tse ka boroa le litorotsoaneng tse nang le palo e kholo ea baahi ba batho ba batšo / ba Maafrika. joalo ka Detroit (Pornhub.com, 2014). Pornhub e boetse e tlaleha hore lipatlisiso tsa "Asia" tsa bootsoa li atile litoropong tse nang le litlatsetso tse kholo tsa Asia, tse kang San Francisco le Honolulu. Taba ea hore mocha a ka batla litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ka ho khetheha le ka boitšoaro bo bohlokoa, hobane lintlha tse ka khahlisang tse ka tiisang ka matla boits'oaro bo latelang ba ho ba le thobalano e le tse tloaelehileng li ka ba kotsi le ho feta likhethong tsena tse tlase. Joalokaha Ogas le Gaddam ba hlalositse ho bona 2011 buka Menahano e Khopo ea Bilione, litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse hlahisang banna ba batšo hangata li ba bontša ba le matla haholo ebile e le banna, 'me "hangata ba bonoa ba le matla" ho feta banna ba merabe e meng litšoantšong tsa bootsoa (Ogas & Gaddam, 2011, leq. 184). Ho boetse ho phehisanoe hore "mehopolo ea boitsebahatso ba Selatine (o) e khelositsoe le ho ts'oaroa haholo" litšoantšong tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse entsoeng ke US, le hore basali ba batšo le ba Latina ba bonahatsoa e le boitšoaro bo litšila ba ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho feta basali ba merabe e meng (Brooks, 2010; Miller-Hanyane, 2010; Subero, 2010). Kahoo, ho na le tlhokahalo ea ho leka khopolo-taba ea hore bacha ba Bantsho le ba Spain ba rata litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse bonts'ang libapali tsa morabe oa bona le / kapa morabe, hore litšoantšo tsena tsa bootsoa li na le tšusumetso e kholo lithutong tsa bona tsa maemo a bong le hore litšoantšo tsena li susumetsa thobalano. Li-script tsa mocha oa batho ba batsho le ba Spain ka mekhoa e ba behang kotsing e kholo ea menahano e kotsing ea boitšoaro ba thobalano, boits'oaro, mme qetellong litlamorao tse mpe tsa bophelo bo botle ba botona le botšehali.

Tumellanong le lipatlisiso tsa pejana, re fumane hore bacha ba sampoleng ena hangata ba bonahala ba thabela ho botsoa ka sehlooho sena mme ba bua ba sa itšepe ka eona (Lofgren-Martenson & Mansson, 2010). Leha ho le joalo, banna ba ne ba sa bue letho, ba se na monyetla oa ho hlakisa likarabo tsa bona, ba fana ka lintlha tse fokolang, mme ba fana ka tlhaloso e fokolang haholo kapa ba itlhahisa ka bo bona mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea bona ea SEM ho feta basali. Mathata a ho khothaletsa puo e nyelisang e tsoang ho banna ba batona ke phephetso e tloaelehileng ho lithuto tse ngata tsa boleng bo phahameng (Bahn & Barratt-Pugh, 2013). Litlamorao tsa ho kopa tlhaiso-leseling e senang lintlha tse ngata ho tsoa ho ba batona sampong ena ke hore liphetho li ka ts'oaroa ho latela liphihlelo tsa basali; Liphuputso tse ling tse tebileng le tsa boleng bo holimo le banna ba lilemong tsa bocha ba lilemong tsa bocha tse mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li ka ntlafatsa se fumanoeng thutong ea hajoale. Bakeng sa ba batona le ba batšehali ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ho lakatseha sechabeng ho kanna ha ba le phello e ntle; patlisiso e eketsehileng e sa hlokeng hore bacha ba sebelisane le mothusi oa lipatlisiso e ka hlahisa litholoana tse enneng.

Liphetho tsa thuto ena li tobana le meeli e mene. Taba ea mantlha, lipatlisiso tsa tlhaho ke tsona tse ka etsang hore ba bokellang kapa ba sekaseke datha ba hlahise subjecuction le khethollo ka tsela eo ba hlahisang lipotso ka eona, ba arabe likarabo kapa ba hlalose mantsoe a qotsitsoeng. Re beha boikitlaetso bo matla ho fokotsa mehloli ena e ka bang leeme ka ho theha le ho kenya ts'ebetsong protocol e matla ea ho bokella data, re sebelisa li-coders tse ngata bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea litaba, le ho netefatsa hore tumellano e fihletsoe pele likhoutu li sebelisoa. Taba ea bobeli, mohlala oa rona e ne e le mohlala o bonolo; barupeluoa thutong ena ha baa khethoa ka tšohanyetso ho tsoa ho baahi ba toropo eo lipatlisiso li etsahetseng ho tsona. Sena se bolela hore haeba ho na le ho hong ho ikhethileng ho bakuli ba lefapha la tšohanyetso ba shebileng litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tseo e seng 'nete le ka kakaretso ea bacha, e kanna ea ba ntho e sa hlakeloang e ileng ea susumetsa sephetho. Taba ea boraro, ho ka ba le ba bang ba shebang sampole e nyane haholo (N = 23) joalo ka moeli. Ha re arabela, re ka supa hore sepheo sa lipatlisiso tsa boleng ha se ho hlahisa tlhaiso-leseling e emelang; ho fapana le hoo, ke ho bokella tlhaiso-leseling e nang le lintlha tse ngata tse ka fanang ka moelelo ho liphetho tse ngata ho tsoa liphuputsong tse ling kapa li ka sebelisoa ho hlahisa likhopolo-taba bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa nako e tlang. Qetellong, bacha ba bang sampoleng ena ba ne ba shebile litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro khafetsa selemong se fetileng; 44% e tlalehile e e shebile makhetlo a mararo ho isa ho a mahlano likhoeling tse 12 tse fetileng (Tafole 1). Hoa utloahala ho ipotsa hore na ho pepeseha khafetsa ho ka ama maikutlo le boits'oaro ba bacha. Leha ho le joalo, maemo a maemo a khale le khopolo ea pele e tšehetsa khang ea hore ha motho a pepesetsoa tshusumetso e itseng a ka hatisoa mme a theha mohopolo oa nako e telele (Jo & Berkowitz, 1994). Joalo ka geologists, Ogas le Gaddam (2011) o hlalositse, "Litakatso tse ngata tsa thobalano tsa banna li bonahala li hlaha kamora ho pepesetsoa hanngoe, ho fapana le kamora ho phetoa habeli ha tšusumetso e sa nke lehlakore le tšusumetso e matlafatsang" (leq. 50). Ho pepesehela tshusumetso e le ngoe kapa ea nakoana ho ka etsa hore ho be le litumelo tse teng tse sa lumellaneng le seo (Jo & Berkowitz, 1994); ka mantsoe a mang, ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ho ka tiisa mangolo a morao-rao a amanang le thobalano kapa mekhoa e hapang maikutlo.

Qetellong ea sena, thuto ena e ruisa lingoliloeng tse seng li le teng mabapi le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa bongoana ka ho hlahisa tlhahisoleseling mabapi le boiphihlelo bo amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba sampole ea bacha ba boemo bo tlase, ba mebala. Liphetho li bontšitse hore bacha ba ithuta ho etsa thobalano ho tsoa litšoantšong tsa bootsoa le ho etsisa liketso tsa thobalano tseo ba li bonang litšoantšong tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, maemong a mang tse nang le litlamorao tse mpe. Bacha ba bangata ba Botšo le ba Spain ba ka batla livideo tse bontšang mathata a bong bo bobe ba botona le botšehali, a ka susumetsang bacha ba lilemong tsa bocha ba seng ba sa tsebe letho ka thobalano, ba ntse ba etsa setsoalle le batho ba bong bo fapaneng ba hlahang mecheng ea litaba.

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"Kantle ho Porn ... Ke ne ke sa Tsebe Half Lintho Tseo ke li Tsebang Hona Joale": Thuto e Tšoanelehang ea Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Sebelisa Har'a Mehlala ea Metse ea Meholo, Mesebetsi e tlaase, Bacha ba Majoe le ba Maaspanishe (2015)